Search

The paper discusses statistical methods that can be applied when constructing the Geiger–Muller counters to obtain the same response to radiation, regardless of their dimensions. This issue is relevant for the improvement of the early warning system of potential damage to the barrier of a container with radioactive material that can escape through a damaged barrier and contaminate the natural environment. The method of statistical mathematics was used to design such counters. Two laws of mathematical statistics were used, the law of similarity for electric discharges and the law of increasing probability. The Geiger–Muller counter chambers designed in this way have been tested experimentally. The experiments were performed under well-controlled laboratory conditions at a low value of combined measurement uncertainty. The obtained results confirmed the efficiency of the proposed and applied methods.

The paper presents the results of testing the Geiger-Muller chamber cathode radii on the GM counters characteristics. The influence of the cathode radius is tested on: 1 - the GM counter characteristic; 2 - the length and plateau slope; and 3 - the GM counter chamber lifetime. The influence of small amounts of electronegative gas in the GM chamber working gas on the observed characteristics was also analyzed. The obtained results differ drastically from the results of similar tests presented in previously published papers on similar topics. This result is explained by the fact that the law of similarity for gas emissions was taken into consideration when making the tested tubes (i.e., the mean free path length of the electron was treated as a geometric parameter). In that way, the relevant results for the application of GM counters in practice were obtained. The result obtained with a small percentage of electronegative gas in the three-component mixture of gases noble gas + quenching gas + electronegative gas confirms the positive synergistic effect of the electronegative gas addition. This result contradicts the general view that GM chamber working gas must not contain electronegative gas.

The paper discusses statistical methods that can be applied when constructing the Geiger–Muller counters to obtain the same response to radiation, regardless of their dimensions. This issue is relevant for the improvement of the early warning system of potential damage to the barrier of a container with radioactive material that can escape through a damaged barrier and contaminate the natural environment. The method of statistical mathematics was used to design such counters. Two laws of mathematical statistics were used, the law of similarity for electric discharges and the law of increasing probability. The Geiger–Muller counter chambers designed in this way have been tested experimentally. The experiments were performed under well-controlled laboratory conditions at a low value of combined measurement uncertainty. The obtained results confirmed the efficiency of the proposed and applied methods.

The paper discusses statistical methods that can be applied when constructing the Geiger–Muller counters to obtain the same response to radiation, regardless of their dimensions. This issue is relevant for the improvement of the early warning system of potential damage to the barrier of a container with radioactive material that can escape through a damaged barrier and contaminate the natural environment. The method of statistical mathematics was used to design such counters. Two laws of mathematical statistics were used, the law of similarity for electric discharges and the law of increasing probability. The Geiger–Muller​ counter chambers designed in this way have been tested experimentally. The experiments were performed under well-controlled laboratory conditions at a low value of combined measurement uncertainty. The obtained results confirmed the efficiency of the proposed and applied methods.

The paper discusses statistical methods that can be applied when constructing the Geiger–Muller counters to obtain the same response to radiation, regardless of their dimensions. This issue is relevant for the improvement of the early warning system of potential damage to the barrier of a container with radioactive material that can escape through a damaged barrier and contaminate the natural environment. The method of statistical mathematics was used to design such counters. Two laws of mathematical statistics were used, the law of similarity for electric discharges and the law of increasing probability. The Geiger–Muller​ counter chambers designed in this way have been tested experimentally. The experiments were performed under well-controlled laboratory conditions at a low value of combined measurement uncertainty. The obtained results confirmed the efficiency of the proposed and applied methods.

In this paper, the procedure for determination of the mean value of non-homogenous background radiation and the expression of measurement uncertainty is considered. The background radiation is described using the Student's distribution, and the measurement uncertainty using the Welch-Satterthwaite equation. The proposed algorithm was experimentally verified under well-controlled laboratory conditions and satisfactory results were obtained.

In this paper we analyze application of contemporary methods of insulation co-ordination and the enlargement law in designing a GM counting tube. It has been shown that by applying insulation co-ordination methods the counting tube can be optimally dimensioned. The application of the enlargement law was demonstrated in generalizing the results of test obtained by the GM tube to those obtained by the counting tube with m-times greater dimensions. The investigations were conducted both theoretically and by experiment. Using theoretical analysis, we derived the expressions that may be applied if a performance function of a random variable breakdown voltage is known. The experiments were conducted on a GM counter model under well controlled laboratory conditions.

In this paper we analyze application of contemporary methods of insulation co-ordination and the enlargement law in designing a GM counting tube. It has been shown that by applying insulation co-ordination methods the counting tube can be optimally dimensioned. The application of the enlargement law was demonstrated in generalizing the results of test obtained by the GM tube to those obtained by the counting tube with m-times greater dimensions. The investigations were conducted both theoretically and by experiment. Using theoretical analysis, we derived the expressions that may be applied if a performance function of a random variable breakdown voltage is known. The experiments were conducted on a GM counter model under well controlled laboratory conditions.

This paper discusses the influence of radiation energy and angle of incidence as possible sources of uncertainties in measurements performed by GM counters. Based on the detection efficiency of GM counters, it has been concluded that the energy of incident radiation does not contribute to the overall uncertainty The angle of incident radiation does contribute to overall uncertainty, but only in the case of gamma radiation detection. In that case, the uncertainty should be determined by using geometrical probability.

This paper discusses the influence of radiation energy and angle of incidence as possible sources of uncertainties in measurements performed by GM counters. Based on the detection efficiency of GM counters, it has been concluded that the energy of incident radiation does not contribute to the overall uncertainty The angle of incident radiation does contribute to overall uncertainty, but only in the case of gamma radiation detection. In that case, the uncertainty should be determined by using geometrical probability.