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1. Resolving security issues via quality-oriented refactoring:a user study

Author

Gigante, D. (Domenico), Pecorelli, F. (Fabiano), Barletta, V. S. (Vita Santa), Janes, A. (Andrea), Lenarduzzi, V. (Valentina), Taibi, D. (Davide), Baldassarre, M. T. (Maria Teresa), Gigante, D. (Domenico), Pecorelli, F. (Fabiano), Barletta, V. S. (Vita Santa), Janes, A. (Andrea), Lenarduzzi, V. (Valentina), Taibi, D. (Davide), and Baldassarre, M. T. (Maria Teresa)

Abstract

Software quality is crucial in software development: if not addressed in early phases of the software development life cycle, it may even lead to technical bankruptcy, i.e., a situation in which modifications cost more than redeveloping the application from scratch. In addition, code security must also be addressed to reduce software vulnerabilities and to comply with legal requirements. In this work, we aim to investigate the relationship between refactoring code quality and software security, with the purpose of understanding whether and to what extent improving software quality could have a positive impact on software security as well. Specifically, we investigate to what extent rule violations of a software quality tool such as SonarQube overlap with rule violations of a software vulnerability tool like Fortify Static Code Analyzer. We first compared the rules encoded in the quality models of both tools, to discover possible overlapping cases. Later, we compared the issues raised by both tools on a set of open source Java projects; we also investigated the cases in which a quality refactoring process impacts over software security (thus removing one or more vulnerabilities). We furthermore validated our results statistically. Our results show that resolving software quality issues might also resolve security issues but only in part: many security issues still persist in the source code; also, some quality aspects are more likely to be improved in respect to others. In addition, this empirical study uncovers rule co-occurrences between the two tools. This study confirms the need for using a security-oriented static analysis tool to enforce software security instead of relying only on a quality-oriented one. Results have highlighted important insights for practitioners.

Published
2023

2. Impact of invasive alien plants on native plant communities and Natura 2000 habitats: State of the art, gap analysis and perspectives in Italy

Author

Lazzaro, L, Bolpagni, R, Buffa, G, Gentili, R, Lonati, M, Stinca, A, Acosta, A, Adorni, M, Aleffi, M, Allegrezza, M, Angiolini, C, Assini, S, Bagella, S, Bonari, G, Bovio, M, Bracco, F, Brundu, G, Caccianiga, M, Carnevali, L, Di Cecco, V, Ceschin, S, Ciaschetti, G, Cogoni, A, Foggi, B, Frattaroli, A, Genovesi, P, Gigante, D, Lucchese, F, Mainetti, A, Mariotti, M, Minissale, P, Paura, B, Pellizzari, M, Perrino, E, Pirone, G, Poggio, L, Poldini, L, Poponessi, S, Prisco, I, Prosser, F, Puglisi, M, Rosati, L, Selvaggi, A, Sottovia, L, Spampinato, G, Stanisci, A, Venanzoni, R, Viciani, D, Vidali, M, Villani, M, Lastrucci, L, Lazzaro L., Bolpagni R., Buffa G., Gentili R., Lonati M., Stinca A., Acosta A. T. R., Adorni M., Aleffi M., Allegrezza M., Angiolini C., Assini S., Bagella S., Bonari G., Bovio M., Bracco F., Brundu G., Caccianiga M., Carnevali L., Di Cecco V., Ceschin S., Ciaschetti G., Cogoni A., Foggi B., Frattaroli A. R., Genovesi P., Gigante D., Lucchese F., Mainetti A., Mariotti M., Minissale P., Paura B., Pellizzari M., Perrino E. V., Pirone G., Poggio L., Poldini L., Poponessi S., Prisco I., Prosser F., Puglisi M., Rosati L., Selvaggi A., Sottovia L., Spampinato G., Stanisci A., Venanzoni R., Viciani D., Vidali M., Villani M., Lastrucci L., Lazzaro, L, Bolpagni, R, Buffa, G, Gentili, R, Lonati, M, Stinca, A, Acosta, A, Adorni, M, Aleffi, M, Allegrezza, M, Angiolini, C, Assini, S, Bagella, S, Bonari, G, Bovio, M, Bracco, F, Brundu, G, Caccianiga, M, Carnevali, L, Di Cecco, V, Ceschin, S, Ciaschetti, G, Cogoni, A, Foggi, B, Frattaroli, A, Genovesi, P, Gigante, D, Lucchese, F, Mainetti, A, Mariotti, M, Minissale, P, Paura, B, Pellizzari, M, Perrino, E, Pirone, G, Poggio, L, Poldini, L, Poponessi, S, Prisco, I, Prosser, F, Puglisi, M, Rosati, L, Selvaggi, A, Sottovia, L, Spampinato, G, Stanisci, A, Venanzoni, R, Viciani, D, Vidali, M, Villani, M, Lastrucci, L, Lazzaro L., Bolpagni R., Buffa G., Gentili R., Lonati M., Stinca A., Acosta A. T. R., Adorni M., Aleffi M., Allegrezza M., Angiolini C., Assini S., Bagella S., Bonari G., Bovio M., Bracco F., Brundu G., Caccianiga M., Carnevali L., Di Cecco V., Ceschin S., Ciaschetti G., Cogoni A., Foggi B., Frattaroli A. R., Genovesi P., Gigante D., Lucchese F., Mainetti A., Mariotti M., Minissale P., Paura B., Pellizzari M., Perrino E. V., Pirone G., Poggio L., Poldini L., Poponessi S., Prisco I., Prosser F., Puglisi M., Rosati L., Selvaggi A., Sottovia L., Spampinato G., Stanisci A., Venanzoni R., Viciani D., Vidali M., Villani M., and Lastrucci L.

Abstract

Invasive alien plants are a major threat to biodiversity and they contribute to the unfavourable conservation status of habitats of interest to the European Community. In order to favour implementation of European Union Regulation no. 1143/2014 on invasive alien species, the Italian Society of Vegetation Science carried out a large survey led by a task force of 49 contributors with expertise in vegetation across all the Italian administrative regions. The survey summed up the knowledge on impact mechanisms of invasive alien plants in Italy and their outcomes on plant communities and the EU habitats of Community Interest, in accordance with Directive no. 92/43/EEC. The survey covered 241 alien plant species reported as having deleterious ecological impacts. The data collected illustrate the current state of the art, highlight the main gaps in knowledge, and suggest topics to be further investigated. In particular, the survey underlined competition as being the main mechanism of ecological impact on plant communities and Natura 2000 habitats. Of the 241 species, only Ailanthus altissima was found to exert an ecological impact on plant communities and Natura 2000 habitats in all Italian regions; while a further 20 species impact up to ten out of the 20 Italian administrative regions. Our data indicate that 84 out of 132 Natura 2000 Habitats (64%) are subjected to some degree of impact by invasive alien plants. Freshwater habitats and natural and semi-natural grassland formations were impacted by the highest number of alien species, followed by coastal sand dunes and inland dunes, and forests. Although not exhaustive, this research is the first example of nationwide evaluation of the ecological impacts of invasive alien plants on plant communities and Natura 2000 Habitats.

Published
2020

3. International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. 4th ed.

Author

Theurillat, J-P, Willner, W., Fernández-González, F., Bültmann, H., Čarni, A., Gigante, D., Mucina, L., Weber, H., Theurillat, J-P, Willner, W., Fernández-González, F., Bültmann, H., Čarni, A., Gigante, D., Mucina, L., and Weber, H.

Published
2022

4. Red list of threatened vascular plants in Italy

Author

Orsenigo, S, Fenu, G, Gargano, D, Montagnani, C, Abeli, T, Alessandrini, A, Bacchetta, G, Bartolucci, F, Carta, A, Castello, M, Cogoni, D, Conti, F, Domina, G, Foggi, B, Gennai, M, Gigante, D, Iberite, M, Peruzzi, L, Silvia Pinna, M, Prosser, F, Santangelo, A, Selvaggi, A, Stinca, A, Villani, M, Wagensommer, R, Tartaglini, N, Duprè, E, Blasi, C, Rossi, G, Simone Orsenigo, Giuseppe Fenu, Domenico Gargano, Chiara Montagnani, Thomas Abeli, Alessandro Alessandrini, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Fabrizio Bartolucci, Angelino Carta, Miris Castello, Donatella Cogoni, Fabio Conti, Gianniantonio Domina, Bruno Foggi, Matilde Gennai, Daniela Gigante, Mauro Iberite, Lorenzo Peruzzi, Maria Silvia Pinna, Filippo Prosser, Annalisa Santangelo, Alberto Selvaggi, Adriano Stinca, Mariacristina Villani, Robert P. Wagensommer, Nicoletta Tartaglini, Eugenio Duprè, Carlo Blasi, Graziano Rossi, Orsenigo, S, Fenu, G, Gargano, D, Montagnani, C, Abeli, T, Alessandrini, A, Bacchetta, G, Bartolucci, F, Carta, A, Castello, M, Cogoni, D, Conti, F, Domina, G, Foggi, B, Gennai, M, Gigante, D, Iberite, M, Peruzzi, L, Silvia Pinna, M, Prosser, F, Santangelo, A, Selvaggi, A, Stinca, A, Villani, M, Wagensommer, R, Tartaglini, N, Duprè, E, Blasi, C, Rossi, G, Simone Orsenigo, Giuseppe Fenu, Domenico Gargano, Chiara Montagnani, Thomas Abeli, Alessandro Alessandrini, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Fabrizio Bartolucci, Angelino Carta, Miris Castello, Donatella Cogoni, Fabio Conti, Gianniantonio Domina, Bruno Foggi, Matilde Gennai, Daniela Gigante, Mauro Iberite, Lorenzo Peruzzi, Maria Silvia Pinna, Filippo Prosser, Annalisa Santangelo, Alberto Selvaggi, Adriano Stinca, Mariacristina Villani, Robert P. Wagensommer, Nicoletta Tartaglini, Eugenio Duprè, Carlo Blasi, and Graziano Rossi

Abstract

Italy has a rich natural heritage, which is dangerously under pressure. In recent years, there is an increased awareness of the crucial role of plants in ecosystem functioning and in providing ecosystem services. Consequently, an updated Red List of the Italian vascular flora was compiled in this work, at the request of the Ministry for Environment, Land and Sea Protection, with the scientific support of the Italian Botanical Society. The IUCN Red List criteria were applied to 2,430 Italian native vascular plant taxa to assess their current extinction risk and to highlight the major threats affecting the Italian flora. Our results revealed that 54 taxa (2.2% of the assessed taxa) are extinct or possibly extinct at regional level, while 590 taxa (24.3%) were assigned to a risk category. Moreover, 404 taxa (16.6%) were categorized as Data Deficient. The Italian vascular flora is primarily threatened by habitat modifications due to anthropic disturbance and, especially, to agriculture, tourism and residential development. Coastal areas and lowlands, where anthropogenic impacts and ecosystem destruction are more pronounced, host the greatest number of extinct or declining taxa. Our results represent an important baseline to establish conservation priorities, legislative choices and intervention strategies on a national scale.

Published
2021

5. A first checklist of the alien-dominated vegetation in Italy

Author

Viciani, D, Vidali, M, Gigante, D, Bolpagni, R, Villani, M, Acosta, A, Adorni, M, Aleffi, M, Allegrezza, M, Angiolini, C, Assini, S, Bagella, S, Bonari, G, Bovio, M, Bracco, F, Brundu, G, Buffa, G, Caccianiga, M, Carnevali, L, Ceschin, S, Ciaschetti, G, Cogoni, A, Di Cecco, V, Foggi, B, Frattaroli, A, Genovesi, P, Gentili, R, Lazzaro, L, Lonati, M, Lucchese, F, Mainetti, A, Mariotti, M, Minissale, P, Paura, B, Pellizzari, M, Perrino, E, Pirone, G, Poggio, L, Poldini, L, Poponessi, S, Prisco, I, Prosser, F, Puglisi, M, Rosati, L, Selvaggi, A, Sottovia, L, Spampinato, G, Stanisci, A, Stinca, A, Venanzoni, R, Lastrucci, L, Viciani, Daniele, Vidali, Marisa, Gigante, Daniela, Bolpagni, Rossano, Villani, Mariacristina, Acosta, Alicia Teresa Rosario, Adorni, Michele, Aleffi, Michele, Allegrezza, Marina, Angiolini, Claudia, Assini, Silvia, Bagella, Simonetta, Bonari, Gianmaria, Bovio, Maurizio, Bracco, Francesco, Brundu, Giuseppe, Buffa, Gabriella, Caccianiga, Marco, Carnevali, Lucilla, Ceschin, Simona, Ciaschetti, Giampiero, Cogoni, Annalena, Di Cecco, Valter, Foggi, Bruno, Frattaroli, Anna Rita, Genovesi, Piero, Gentili, Rodolfo, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lonati, Michele, Lucchese, Fernando, Mainetti, Andrea, Mariotti, Mauro, Minissale, Pietro, Paura, Bruno, Pellizzari, Mauro, Perrino, Enrico Vito, Pirone, Gianfranco, Poggio, Laura, Poldini, Livio, Poponessi, Silvia, Prisco, Irene, Prosser, Filippo, Puglisi, Marta, Rosati, Leonardo, Selvaggi, Alberto, Sottovia, Lucio, Spampinato, Giovanni, Stanisci, Angela, Stinca, Adriano, Venanzoni, Roberto, Lastrucci, Lorenzo, Viciani, D, Vidali, M, Gigante, D, Bolpagni, R, Villani, M, Acosta, A, Adorni, M, Aleffi, M, Allegrezza, M, Angiolini, C, Assini, S, Bagella, S, Bonari, G, Bovio, M, Bracco, F, Brundu, G, Buffa, G, Caccianiga, M, Carnevali, L, Ceschin, S, Ciaschetti, G, Cogoni, A, Di Cecco, V, Foggi, B, Frattaroli, A, Genovesi, P, Gentili, R, Lazzaro, L, Lonati, M, Lucchese, F, Mainetti, A, Mariotti, M, Minissale, P, Paura, B, Pellizzari, M, Perrino, E, Pirone, G, Poggio, L, Poldini, L, Poponessi, S, Prisco, I, Prosser, F, Puglisi, M, Rosati, L, Selvaggi, A, Sottovia, L, Spampinato, G, Stanisci, A, Stinca, A, Venanzoni, R, Lastrucci, L, Viciani, Daniele, Vidali, Marisa, Gigante, Daniela, Bolpagni, Rossano, Villani, Mariacristina, Acosta, Alicia Teresa Rosario, Adorni, Michele, Aleffi, Michele, Allegrezza, Marina, Angiolini, Claudia, Assini, Silvia, Bagella, Simonetta, Bonari, Gianmaria, Bovio, Maurizio, Bracco, Francesco, Brundu, Giuseppe, Buffa, Gabriella, Caccianiga, Marco, Carnevali, Lucilla, Ceschin, Simona, Ciaschetti, Giampiero, Cogoni, Annalena, Di Cecco, Valter, Foggi, Bruno, Frattaroli, Anna Rita, Genovesi, Piero, Gentili, Rodolfo, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lonati, Michele, Lucchese, Fernando, Mainetti, Andrea, Mariotti, Mauro, Minissale, Pietro, Paura, Bruno, Pellizzari, Mauro, Perrino, Enrico Vito, Pirone, Gianfranco, Poggio, Laura, Poldini, Livio, Poponessi, Silvia, Prisco, Irene, Prosser, Filippo, Puglisi, Marta, Rosati, Leonardo, Selvaggi, Alberto, Sottovia, Lucio, Spampinato, Giovanni, Stanisci, Angela, Stinca, Adriano, Venanzoni, Roberto, and Lastrucci, Lorenzo

Abstract

This study provides a first step toward the knowledge of the alien-dominated and co-dominated plant communities present in Italy. The first ever checklist of the alien phytocoenoses described or reported in literature for the Italian territory has been compiled, produced by data-mining in national and local thematic literature. The resulting vegetation-type draft-list has been checked in the light of the most recent syntaxonomic documentation and updated with regards to syntaxonomy and nomenclature, with special reference to the frame proposed in the Italian Vegetation Prodrome. The list includes 27 vascular and one bryophyte vegetation classes, hosting 194 low rank alien-dominated syntaxa . The different vegetation types detected for each syntaxonomic class and macro-vegetation group, defined by physiognomical and ecological attributes, are discussed.

Published
2020

6. Decision on Nomenclatural Proposals (1), (16) and (18)

Author

Gigante, D., Čarni, A., Bültmann, H., Fernández-González, F., Mucina, L., Theurillat, J-P, Willner, W., Gigante, D., Čarni, A., Bültmann, H., Fernández-González, F., Mucina, L., Theurillat, J-P, and Willner, W.

Abstract

No abstract available

Published
2019

7. Decision on Nomenclatural Proposals (1), (16) and (18)

Author

Gigante, D., Čarni, A., Bültmann, H., Fernández-González, F., Mucina, L., Theurillat, J-P, Willner, W., Gigante, D., Čarni, A., Bültmann, H., Fernández-González, F., Mucina, L., Theurillat, J-P, and Willner, W.

Abstract

No abstract available

Published
2019

8. Red Listing plants under full national responsibility: Extinction risk and threats in the vascular flora endemic to Italy

Author

Orsenigo, S, Montagnani, C, Fenu, G, Gargano, D, Peruzzi, L, Abeli, T, Alessandrini, A, Bacchetta, G, Bartolucci, F, Bovio, M, Brullo, C, Brullo, S, Carta, A, Castello, M, Cogoni, D, Conti, F, Domina, G, Foggi, B, Gennai, M, Gigante, D, Iberite, M, Lasen, C, Magrini, S, Perrino, E, Prosser, F, Santangelo, A, Selvaggi, A, Stinca, A, Vagge, I, Villani, M, Wagensommer, R, Wilhalm, T, Tartaglini, N, Duprè, E, Blasi, C, Rossi, G, Orsenigo, Simone, Montagnani, Chiara, Fenu, Giuseppe, Gargano, Domenico, Peruzzi, Lorenzo, Abeli, Thomas, Alessandrini, Alessandro, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Bartolucci, Fabrizio, Bovio, Maurizio, Brullo, Cristian, Brullo, Salvatore, Carta, Angelino, Castello, Miris, Cogoni, Donatella, Conti, Fabio, Domina, Gianniantonio, Foggi, Bruno, Gennai, Matilde, Gigante, Daniela, Iberite, Mauro, Lasen, Cesare, Magrini, Sara, Perrino, Enrico V., Prosser, Filippo, Santangelo, Annalisa, Selvaggi, Alberto, Stinca, Adriano, Vagge, Ilda, Villani, Mariacristina, Wagensommer, Robert P., Wilhalm, Thomas, Tartaglini, Nicoletta, Duprè, Eugenio, Blasi, Carlo, Rossi, Graziano, Orsenigo, S, Montagnani, C, Fenu, G, Gargano, D, Peruzzi, L, Abeli, T, Alessandrini, A, Bacchetta, G, Bartolucci, F, Bovio, M, Brullo, C, Brullo, S, Carta, A, Castello, M, Cogoni, D, Conti, F, Domina, G, Foggi, B, Gennai, M, Gigante, D, Iberite, M, Lasen, C, Magrini, S, Perrino, E, Prosser, F, Santangelo, A, Selvaggi, A, Stinca, A, Vagge, I, Villani, M, Wagensommer, R, Wilhalm, T, Tartaglini, N, Duprè, E, Blasi, C, Rossi, G, Orsenigo, Simone, Montagnani, Chiara, Fenu, Giuseppe, Gargano, Domenico, Peruzzi, Lorenzo, Abeli, Thomas, Alessandrini, Alessandro, Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Bartolucci, Fabrizio, Bovio, Maurizio, Brullo, Cristian, Brullo, Salvatore, Carta, Angelino, Castello, Miris, Cogoni, Donatella, Conti, Fabio, Domina, Gianniantonio, Foggi, Bruno, Gennai, Matilde, Gigante, Daniela, Iberite, Mauro, Lasen, Cesare, Magrini, Sara, Perrino, Enrico V., Prosser, Filippo, Santangelo, Annalisa, Selvaggi, Alberto, Stinca, Adriano, Vagge, Ilda, Villani, Mariacristina, Wagensommer, Robert P., Wilhalm, Thomas, Tartaglini, Nicoletta, Duprè, Eugenio, Blasi, Carlo, and Rossi, Graziano

Abstract

Taxa endemic to a country are key elements for setting national conservation priorities and for driving conservation strategies, since their persistence is entirely dependent on national policy. We applied the IUCN Red List categories to all Italian endemic vascular plants (1340 taxa) to assess their current risk of extinction and to highlight their major threats. Our results revealed that six taxa are already extinct and that 22.4% (300 taxa) are threatened with extinction, while 18.4% (247; especially belonging to apomictic groups) have been categorized as Data Deficient. Italian endemic vascular plants are primarily threatened by natural habitat modification due to agriculture, residential and tourism development. Taxa occurring in coastal areas and lowlands, where anthropogenic impacts and habitat destruction are concentrated, display the greatest population decline and extinction. The national network of protected areas could be considered effective in protecting endemic-rich areas (ERAs) and endemic taxa, but ineffective in protecting narrow endemic-rich areas (NERAs), accordingly changes to the existing network may increase the effectiveness of protection. For the first time in the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot, we present a comprehensive extinction assessment for endemic plants under the full responsibility of a single country. This would provide an important step towards the prioritization and conservation of threatened endemic flora at Italian, European, and Mediterranean level. A successful conservation strategy of the Italian endemic vascular flora should implement the protected area system, solve some taxonomical criticism in poorly known genera, and should rely on monitoring threatened species, and on developing species-specific action plans.

Published
2018

9. New national and regional bryophyte records, 49

Author

University of Helsinki, Department of Biosciences, Ellis, L. T., Agcagil, E., Kirmaci, M., Aleffi, M., Bakalin, V. A., Bednarek-Ochyra, H., Cykowska-Marzencka, B., Stryjak-Bogacka, M., Bojaca, G. F. P., Fantacelle, L. B., Araujo, C. A. T., Maciel-Silva, A. S., Bruno Silva, J., Calleja, J. A., Cano, M. J., Castillo Diaz, J., Gabriel, R., Dias dos Santos, N., Enroth, Johannes, Erzberger, P., Garilleti, R., Hajek, M., Hedenäs, L., Heras, P., Infante, M., Kiebacher, T., Koczur, A., Krawczyk, R., Kucera, J., Lebouvier, M., Lüth, M., Mazimpaka, V., Vigalondo, B., Lara, F., Nagy, J., Nemeth, Cs., Kovács, A., Nobis, M., Węgrzyn, M., Wietrzyk, P., Norhazrina, N., Vanderpoorten, Alain, Nowak, A., Poponessi, S., Gigante, D., Venanzoni, R., Plasek, V., Rangel Germano, S., Schäfer-Verwimp, A., Sergio, C., Claro, D., Garcia, C. A., Shirzadian, S., Akhoondi Darzikolaei, S., Stebel, A., Suleiman, M., Yong, K. -T., Virchenko, V. M., Vončina, G., Yoon, Y. -J., Choi, H. -G., Kim, J. H., University of Helsinki, Department of Biosciences, Ellis, L. T., Agcagil, E., Kirmaci, M., Aleffi, M., Bakalin, V. A., Bednarek-Ochyra, H., Cykowska-Marzencka, B., Stryjak-Bogacka, M., Bojaca, G. F. P., Fantacelle, L. B., Araujo, C. A. T., Maciel-Silva, A. S., Bruno Silva, J., Calleja, J. A., Cano, M. J., Castillo Diaz, J., Gabriel, R., Dias dos Santos, N., Enroth, Johannes, Erzberger, P., Garilleti, R., Hajek, M., Hedenäs, L., Heras, P., Infante, M., Kiebacher, T., Koczur, A., Krawczyk, R., Kucera, J., Lebouvier, M., Lüth, M., Mazimpaka, V., Vigalondo, B., Lara, F., Nagy, J., Nemeth, Cs., Kovács, A., Nobis, M., Węgrzyn, M., Wietrzyk, P., Norhazrina, N., Vanderpoorten, Alain, Nowak, A., Poponessi, S., Gigante, D., Venanzoni, R., Plasek, V., Rangel Germano, S., Schäfer-Verwimp, A., Sergio, C., Claro, D., Garcia, C. A., Shirzadian, S., Akhoondi Darzikolaei, S., Stebel, A., Suleiman, M., Yong, K. -T., Virchenko, V. M., Vončina, G., Yoon, Y. -J., Choi, H. -G., and Kim, J. H.

Published
2016

10. Are Red List really useful for plant conservation? The New Red List of the Italian Flora as a study case in the perspective of national conservation policies

Author

Rossi, G, Montagnani, C, Abeli, T, Gargano, D, Peruzzi, L, Fenu, G, Magrini, S, Gennai, M, Foggi, B, Wagensommer, R, Ravera, S, Cogoni, A, Aleffi, M, Alessandrini, A, Bacchetta, G, Bagella, S, Bartolucci, F, Bedini, G, Bernardo, L, Bovio, M, Castello, M, Conti, F, Domina, G, Farris, E, Gentili, R, Gigante, D, Peccenini, S, Persiani, A, Poggio, L, Prosser, F, Santangelo, A, Selvaggi, A, Villani, M, Wilhalm, T, Zappa, E, Zotti, M, Tartaglini, N, Ardegnhi, C, Blasi, C, Raimondo, F, Orsenigo, S, Montagnani, Chiara, Wagensommer, Rp, Persiani, Am, Villani, Mc, Ardegnhi, Cnmg, Raimondo, Fm, Orsenigo, S., GENTILI, RODOLFO FILIPPO, Rossi, G, Montagnani, C, Abeli, T, Gargano, D, Peruzzi, L, Fenu, G, Magrini, S, Gennai, M, Foggi, B, Wagensommer, R, Ravera, S, Cogoni, A, Aleffi, M, Alessandrini, A, Bacchetta, G, Bagella, S, Bartolucci, F, Bedini, G, Bernardo, L, Bovio, M, Castello, M, Conti, F, Domina, G, Farris, E, Gentili, R, Gigante, D, Peccenini, S, Persiani, A, Poggio, L, Prosser, F, Santangelo, A, Selvaggi, A, Villani, M, Wilhalm, T, Zappa, E, Zotti, M, Tartaglini, N, Ardegnhi, C, Blasi, C, Raimondo, F, Orsenigo, S, Montagnani, Chiara, Wagensommer, Rp, Persiani, Am, Villani, Mc, Ardegnhi, Cnmg, Raimondo, Fm, Orsenigo, S., and GENTILI, RODOLFO FILIPPO

Abstract

"The New Red List of the Italian Flora" includes all the Italian policy species and other species of known conservation concerns for a total of 400 taxa, 65% of which are threatened with extinction. The Red List is based on a huge georeferenced data-set useful for conservation purposes. © 2013 © 2013 Società Botanica Italiana.

Published
2014

11. Gentiana lutea L. s.l.

Author

Gentili, R, Ardenghi, N, Armiraglio, S, Bacchetta, G, Bartolucci, F, Cogoni, D, Conti, F, Fenu, G, Fisogni, A, Galloni, M, Gigante, D, Maneli, F, Parolo, G, Rossi, M, Santangelo, A, Selvaggi, A, Wagensommer, R, GENTILI, RODOLFO FILIPPO, Ardenghi, NMG, Wagensommer, RP, Gentili, R, Ardenghi, N, Armiraglio, S, Bacchetta, G, Bartolucci, F, Cogoni, D, Conti, F, Fenu, G, Fisogni, A, Galloni, M, Gigante, D, Maneli, F, Parolo, G, Rossi, M, Santangelo, A, Selvaggi, A, Wagensommer, R, GENTILI, RODOLFO FILIPPO, Ardenghi, NMG, and Wagensommer, RP

Published
2013

12. Parental Childhood Growth and Offspring Birthweight: Pooled Analyses from Four Birth Cohorts in Low and Middle Income Countries

Author

Addo, O. Y., Stein, A. D., Fall, C. H., Gigante, D. P., Guntupalli, A. M., Horta, B. L., Kuzawa, C. W., Lee, N., Norris, S. A., Osmond, C., Prabhakaran, P., Richter, L. M., Sachdev, H. P. S., Martorell, R., Addo, O. Y., Stein, A. D., Fall, C. H., Gigante, D. P., Guntupalli, A. M., Horta, B. L., Kuzawa, C. W., Lee, N., Norris, S. A., Osmond, C., Prabhakaran, P., Richter, L. M., Sachdev, H. P. S., and Martorell, R.

Abstract

Objective Associations between parental and offspring size at birth are well established, but the relative importance of parental growth at different ages as predictors of offspring birthweight is less certain. Here we model parental birthweight and postnatal conditional growth in specific age periods as predictors of offspring birthweight. Methods We analyzed data from 3,392 adults participating in four prospective birth cohorts and 5,506 of their offspring. Results There was no significant heterogeneity by study site or offspring sex. 1SD increase in maternal birthweight was associated with offspring birthweight increases of 102 g, 1SD in maternal length growth 0–2 year with 46 g, and 1SD in maternal height growth Mid-childhood (MC)-adulthood with 27 g. Maternal relative weight measures were associated with 24 g offspring birth weight increases (2 year- MC) and 49 g for MC-adulthood period but not with earlier relative weight 0–2 year. For fathers, birthweight, and linear/length growth from 0–2 year were associated with increases of 57 and 56 g in offspring birthweight, respectively but not thereafter. Conclusions Maternal and paternal birthweight and growth from birth to 2 year each predict offspring birthweight. Maternal growth from MC-adulthood, relative weight from 2-MC and MC-adulthood also predict offspring birthweight. These findings suggest that shared genes and/or adequate nutrition during early life for both parents may confer benefits to the next generation, and highlight the importance of maternal height and weight prior to conception. The stronger matrilineal than patrilineal relationships with offspring birth weight are consistent with the hypothesis that improving the early growth conditions of young females can improve birth outcomes in the next generation.

13. Parental Childhood Growth and Offspring Birthweight: Pooled Analyses from Four Birth Cohorts in Low and Middle Income Countries

Author

Addo, O. Y., Stein, A. D., Fall, C. H., Gigante, D. P., Guntupalli, A. M., Horta, B. L., Kuzawa, C. W., Lee, N., Norris, S. A., Osmond, C., Prabhakaran, P., Richter, L. M., Sachdev, H. P. S., Martorell, R., Addo, O. Y., Stein, A. D., Fall, C. H., Gigante, D. P., Guntupalli, A. M., Horta, B. L., Kuzawa, C. W., Lee, N., Norris, S. A., Osmond, C., Prabhakaran, P., Richter, L. M., Sachdev, H. P. S., and Martorell, R.

Abstract

Objective Associations between parental and offspring size at birth are well established, but the relative importance of parental growth at different ages as predictors of offspring birthweight is less certain. Here we model parental birthweight and postnatal conditional growth in specific age periods as predictors of offspring birthweight. Methods We analyzed data from 3,392 adults participating in four prospective birth cohorts and 5,506 of their offspring. Results There was no significant heterogeneity by study site or offspring sex. 1SD increase in maternal birthweight was associated with offspring birthweight increases of 102 g, 1SD in maternal length growth 0–2 year with 46 g, and 1SD in maternal height growth Mid-childhood (MC)-adulthood with 27 g. Maternal relative weight measures were associated with 24 g offspring birth weight increases (2 year- MC) and 49 g for MC-adulthood period but not with earlier relative weight 0–2 year. For fathers, birthweight, and linear/length growth from 0–2 year were associated with increases of 57 and 56 g in offspring birthweight, respectively but not thereafter. Conclusions Maternal and paternal birthweight and growth from birth to 2 year each predict offspring birthweight. Maternal growth from MC-adulthood, relative weight from 2-MC and MC-adulthood also predict offspring birthweight. These findings suggest that shared genes and/or adequate nutrition during early life for both parents may confer benefits to the next generation, and highlight the importance of maternal height and weight prior to conception. The stronger matrilineal than patrilineal relationships with offspring birth weight are consistent with the hypothesis that improving the early growth conditions of young females can improve birth outcomes in the next generation.

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