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Using data from 69 countries, Hassler et al. show that intergroup contact and support for social change towards greater equality are positively associated among members of advantaged groups, but negatively associated among disadvantaged groups. Guided by the early findings of social scientists, practitioners have long advocated for greater contact between groups to reduce prejudice and increase social cohesion. Recent work, however, suggests that intergroup contact can undermine support for social change towards greater equality, especially among disadvantaged group members. Using a large and heterogeneous dataset (12,997 individuals from 69 countries), we demonstrate that intergroup contact and support for social change towards greater equality are positively associated among members of advantaged groups (ethnic majorities and cis-heterosexuals) but negatively associated among disadvantaged groups (ethnic minorities and sexual and gender minorities). Specification-curve analysis revealed important variation in the size-and at times, direction-of correlations, depending on how contact and support for social change were measured. This allowed us to identify one type of support for change-willingness to work in solidarity- that is positively associated with intergroup contact among both advantaged and disadvantaged group members.

Using data from 69 countries, Hassler et al. show that intergroup contact and support for social change towards greater equality are positively associated among members of advantaged groups, but negatively associated among disadvantaged groups. Guided by the early findings of social scientists, practitioners have long advocated for greater contact between groups to reduce prejudice and increase social cohesion. Recent work, however, suggests that intergroup contact can undermine support for social change towards greater equality, especially among disadvantaged group members. Using a large and heterogeneous dataset (12,997 individuals from 69 countries), we demonstrate that intergroup contact and support for social change towards greater equality are positively associated among members of advantaged groups (ethnic majorities and cis-heterosexuals) but negatively associated among disadvantaged groups (ethnic minorities and sexual and gender minorities). Specification-curve analysis revealed important variation in the size-and at times, direction-of correlations, depending on how contact and support for social change were measured. This allowed us to identify one type of support for change-willingness to work in solidarity- that is positively associated with intergroup contact among both advantaged and disadvantaged group members.

What role does intergroup contact play in promoting support for social change toward greater equality? Drawing on the needs-based model of reconciliation, we theorized that when inequality between groups is perceived as illegitimate, disadvantaged groups members will experience a need for empowerment and advantaged groups members a need for acceptance. When intergroup contact satisfies each group’s needs, it should result in more mutual support for social change. Using four sets of survey data collected through the Zurich Intergroup Project in 23 countries, we tested several preregistered predictions derived from the above reasoning across a large variety of operationalizations. Two studies of disadvantaged groups (Ns=689 ethnic minority members in Study 1 and 3,382 sexual/gender minorities in Study 2) support the hypothesis that, after accounting for the effects of intergroup contact and perceived illegitimacy, satisfying the need for empowerment (but not acceptance) during contact is positively related with support for social change. Two studies with advantaged groups (Ns=2,937 ethnic majority members in Study 3 and 4,203 cis-heterosexual individuals in Study 4) showed that, after accounting for illegitimacy and intergroup contact, satisfying the need for acceptance (but also empowerment) is positively related with support for social change. Overall, these findings suggest that intergroup contact is compatible with efforts to promote social change when group-specific needs are met. Thus, to encourage support for social change among both disadvantaged and advantaged group members, it is essential that besides promoting mutual acceptance, intergroup contact interventions also give voice to and empower members of disadvantaged groups.

Ann-Sophie Glenz, Universität Innsbruck, Diplomarbeit, 2018, (VLID)2543982

Background: Productivity of important crop rice is greatly affected by salinity. The plant hormone jasmonate plays a vital role in salt stress adaptation, but also evokes detrimental side effects if not timely shut down again. As novel strategy to avoid such side effects, OsJAZ8, a negative regulator of jasmonate signalling, is expressed under control of the salt-inducible promoter of the transcription factor ZOS3–11, to obtain a transient jasmonate signature in response to salt stress. To modulate the time course of jasmonate signalling, either a full-length or a dominant negative C-terminally truncated version of OsJAZ8 driven by the ZOS3–11 promoter were expressed in a stable manner either in tobacco BY-2 cells, or in japonica rice. Results: The transgenic tobacco cells showed reduced mortality and efficient cycling under salt stress adaptation. This was accompanied by reduced sensitivity to Methyl jasmonate and increased responsiveness to auxin. In the case of transgenic rice, the steady-state levels of OsJAZ8 transcripts were more efficiently induced under salt stress compared to the wild type, this induction was more pronounced in the dominant-negative OsJAZ8 variant. Conclusions: The result concluded that, more efficient activation of OsJAZ8 was accompanied by improved salt tolerance of the transgenic seedlings and demonstrates the impact of temporal signatures of jasmonate signalling for stress tolerance.

Background: Productivity of important crop rice is greatly affected by salinity. The plant hormone jasmonate plays a vital role in salt stress adaptation, but also evokes detrimental side effects if not timely shut down again. As novel strategy to avoid such side effects, OsJAZ8, a negative regulator of jasmonate signalling, is expressed under control of the salt-inducible promoter of the transcription factor ZOS3–11, to obtain a transient jasmonate signature in response to salt stress. To modulate the time course of jasmonate signalling, either a full-length or a dominant negative C-terminally truncated version of OsJAZ8 driven by the ZOS3–11 promoter were expressed in a stable manner either in tobacco BY-2 cells, or in japonica rice. Results: The transgenic tobacco cells showed reduced mortality and efficient cycling under salt stress adaptation. This was accompanied by reduced sensitivity to Methyl jasmonate and increased responsiveness to auxin. In the case of transgenic rice, the steady-state levels of OsJAZ8 transcripts were more efficiently induced under salt stress compared to the wild type, this induction was more pronounced in the dominant-negative OsJAZ8 variant. Conclusions: The result concluded that, more efficient activation of OsJAZ8 was accompanied by improved salt tolerance of the transgenic seedlings and demonstrates the impact of temporal signatures of jasmonate signalling for stress tolerance.

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same dataset to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark skin toned players than light skin toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across teams, and estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 in odds ratio units, with a median of 1.31. Twenty teams (69%) found a statistically significant positive effect and nine teams (31%) observed a non-significant relationship. Overall 29 differentanalyses used 21 unique combinations of covariates. We found that neither analysts' prior beliefs about the effect, nor their level of expertise, nor peer-reviewed quality of analysis readily explained variation in analysis outcomes. This suggests that significant variation in the results of analyses of complex data may be difficult to avoid, even by experts with honest intentions. Crowdsourcing data analysis, a strategy by which numerous research teams are recruited to simultaneously investigate the same research question, makes transparent how defensible, yet subjective analytic choices influence research results., Correction published in: Corrigendum: Many Analysts, One Data Set: Making Transparent How Variations in Analytic Choices Affect Results. (2018). Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918810511

In well-test analysis, a diagnostic plot is a scatter plot of both drawdown and its logarithmic derivative versus time. It is usually plotted in log-log scale. The main advantages and limitations of the method are reviewed with the help of three hydrogeological field examples. Guidelines are provided for the selection of an appropriate conceptual model from a qualitative analysis of the log-derivative. It is shown how the noise on the drawdown measurements is amplified by the calculation of the derivative and it is proposed to sample the signal in order to minimize this effect. When the discharge rates are varying, or when recovery data have to be interpreted, the diagnostic plot can be used, provided that the data are pre-processed by a deconvolution technique. The effect of time shift errors is also discussed. All these examples show that diagnostic plots have some limitations but they are extremely helpful because they provide a unified approach for well-test interpretation and are applicable in a wide range of situations

Aims: This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA's Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009. Methods: The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480-1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410-1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 × 4 GHz, with a set of resolutions (125 kHz to 1 MHz) that are better than 0.1 km s-1. Results: After a successful qualification and a pre-launch TB/TV test program, the flight instrument is now in-orbit and completed successfully the commissioning and performance verification phase. The in-orbit performance of the receivers matches the pre-launch sensitivities. We also report on the in-orbit performance of the receivers and some first results of HIFI's operations. Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.

Aims. This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA's Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009. Methods. The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480-1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410-1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 × 4 GHz, with a set of resolutions (125 kHz to 1 MHz) that are better than 0.1 km s-1. Results. After a successful qualification and a pre-launch TB/TV test program, the flight instrument is now in-orbit and completed successfully the commissioning and performance verification phase. The in-orbit performance of the receivers matches the pre-launch sensitivities. We also report on the in-orbit performance of the receivers and some first results of HIFI's operations.

'Water in Star-forming regions with Herschel' (WISH) is a Herschel Key Programme aimed at understanding the physical and chemical structure of young stellar objects (YSOs) with a focus on water and related species. The low-mass protostar HH 46 was observed with the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the Herschel Space Observatory to measure emission in H2O, CO, OH, [OI], and [CII] lines located between 63 and 186 um. The excitation and spatial distribution of emission can disentangle the different heating mechanisms of YSOs, with better spatial resolution and sensitivity than previously possible. Far-IR line emission is detected at the position of the protostar and along the outflow axis. The OH emission is concentrated at the central position, CO emission is bright at the central position and along the outflow, and H2O emission is concentrated in the outflow. In addition, [OI] emission is seen in low-velocity gas, assumed to be related to the envelope, and is also seen shifted up to 170 km/s in both the red- and blue-shifted jets. Envelope models are constructed based on previous observational constraints. They indicate that passive heating of a spherical envelope by the protostellar luminosity cannot explain the high-excitation molecular gas detected with PACS, including CO lines with upper levels at >2500 K above the ground state. Instead, warm CO and H2O emission is probably produced in the walls of an outflow-carved cavity in the envelope, which are heated by UV photons and non-dissociative C-type shocks. The bright OH and [OI] emission is attributed to J-type shocks in dense gas close to the protostar. In the scenario described here, the combined cooling by far-IR lines within the central spatial pixel is estimated to be 2 \times 10-2 L_sun, with 60-80% attributed to J- and C-type shocks produced by interactions between the jet and the envelope., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (Herschel special issue)

Aims. This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA’s Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009. Methods. The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480−1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410−1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 × 4 GHz, with a set of resolutions (125 kHz to 1 MHz) that are better than 0.1 kms−1. Results. After a successful qualification and a pre-launch TB/TV test program, the flight instrument is now in-orbit and completed successfully the commissioning and performance verification phase. The in-orbit performance of the receivers matches the pre-launch sensitivities. We also report on the in-orbit performance of the receivers and some first results of HIFI’s operations.

Aims. This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA’s Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009. Methods. The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480−1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410−1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 × 4 GHz, with a set of resolutions (125 kHz to 1 MHz) that are better than 0.1 kms−1. Results. After a successful qualification and a pre-launch TB/TV test program, the flight instrument is now in-orbit and completed successfully the commissioning and performance verification phase. The in-orbit performance of the receivers matches the pre-launch sensitivities. We also report on the in-orbit performance of the receivers and some first results of HIFI’s operations.

'Water in Star-forming regions with Herschel' (WISH) is a Herschel Key Programme aimed at understanding the physical and chemical structure of young stellar objects (YSOs) with a focus on water and related species. The low-mass protostar HH 46 was observed with the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the Herschel Space Observatory to measure emission in H2O, CO, OH, [OI], and [CII] lines located between 63 and 186 um. The excitation and spatial distribution of emission can disentangle the different heating mechanisms of YSOs, with better spatial resolution and sensitivity than previously possible. Far-IR line emission is detected at the position of the protostar and along the outflow axis. The OH emission is concentrated at the central position, CO emission is bright at the central position and along the outflow, and H2O emission is concentrated in the outflow. In addition, [OI] emission is seen in low-velocity gas, assumed to be related to the envelope, and is also seen shifted up to 170 km/s in both the red- and blue-shifted jets. Envelope models are constructed based on previous observational constraints. They indicate that passive heating of a spherical envelope by the protostellar luminosity cannot explain the high-excitation molecular gas detected with PACS, including CO lines with upper levels at >2500 K above the ground state. Instead, warm CO and H2O emission is probably produced in the walls of an outflow-carved cavity in the envelope, which are heated by UV photons and non-dissociative C-type shocks. The bright OH and [OI] emission is attributed to J-type shocks in dense gas close to the protostar. In the scenario described here, the combined cooling by far-IR lines within the central spatial pixel is estimated to be 2 \times 10-2 L_sun, with 60-80% attributed to J- and C-type shocks produced by interactions between the jet and the envelope., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (Herschel special issue)

We examine the spectrum of inflaton fluctuations resulting from any given long period of exponential inflation. Infrared and ultraviolet divergences in the inflaton dispersion summed over all modes do not appear in our approach. We show how the scale-invariance of the perturbation spectrum arises. We also examine the spectrum of scalar perturbations of the metric that are created by the inflaton fluctuations that have left the Hubble sphere during inflation and the spectrum of density perturbations that they produce at reentry after inflation has ended. When the inflaton dispersion spectrum is renormalized during the expansion, we show (for the case of the quadratic inflaton potential) that the density perturbation spectrum approaches a mass-independent limit as the inflaton mass approaches zero, and remains near that limiting value for masses less than about 1/4 of the inflationary Hubble constant. We show that this limiting behavior does not occur if one only makes the Minkowski space subtraction, without the further adiabatic subtractions that involve time derivatives of the expansion scale factor $a(t)$. We also find a parametrized expression for the energy density produced by the change in $a(t)$ as inflation ends. If the end of inflation were sufficiently abrupt, then the temperature corresponding to this energy density could be very significant. We also show that fluctuations of the inflaton field that are present before inflation starts are not dissipated during inflation, and could have a significant observational effect today. The mechanism for this is caused by the initial fluctuations through stimulated emission from the vacuum., Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures

In this dissertation, we introduce a general way of modeling inflation in a framework that is independent of the exact nature of the inflationary potential. Because of the choice of our initial conditions and the continuity of the scale factor in its first two derivatives, we obtain non-divergent results without the need for any renormalization beyond what is required in Minkowski space. The second part of this dissertation deals with a post-Minkowski approximation to a binary point mass system with helical symmetry. The third part of this dissertation discusses the detection sensitivity of the IceCube Neutrino Telescope for observing interactions involving TeV-scale black holes produced by an incoming high-energy cosmic neutrino colliding with a parton in the Antarctic ice of the South Pole. We also include in this dissertation a brief summary of relevant cosmology and an appendix giving a parameterized, exact radiation-reaction solution., Comment: Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2008

Dans le domaine de l’interprétation des essais de pompage, un graphe de diagnostic est un graphe simultané du rabattement et de sa dérivée logarithmique en fonction du temps. Ce graphe est habituellement représenté en échelle bi-logarithmique. Les avantages principaux et les limites de cet outil sont discutés à l’aide de trois exemples hydrogéologiques réels. Des recommandations pratiques sont proposées afin d’utiliser ces graphes pour sélectionner un modèle conceptuel d’écoulement. Lorsque les mesures de rabattement sont bruitées, le calcul de la dérivée logarithmique présente des artefacts que l’on peut minimiser en échantillonnant le signal. Lorsque le débit de pompage varie, ou lors d’un test de récupération, les graphes de diagnostic peuvent aussi être utilisé à condition d’effectuer une déconvolution des données au préalable. Enfin, les effets d’une erreur d’estimation du temps de début d’un test sont discutés. Tous ces exemples montrent que les graphes de diagnostic constituent un outil extrêmement utile pour l’interprétation des essais hydrauliques., In well-test analysis, a diagnostic plot is a scatter plot of both drawdown and its logarithmic derivative versus time. It is usually plotted in log–log scale. The main advantages and limitations of the method are reviewed with the help of three hydrogeological field examples. Guidelines are provided for the selection of an appropriate conceptual model from a qualitative analysis of the log-derivative. It is shown how the noise on the drawdown measurements is amplified by the calculation of the derivative and it is proposed to sample the signal in order to minimize this effect. When the discharge rates are varying, or when recovery data have to be interpreted, the diagnostic plot can be used, provided that the data are pre-processed by a deconvolution technique. The effect of time shift errors is also discussed. All these examples show that diagnostic plots have some limitations but they are extremely helpful because they provide a unified approach for well-test interpretation and are applicable in a wide range of situations., En los análisis de ensayos de pozos, un gráfico de diagnóstico es un gráfico de dispersión de las depresiones y de sus derivadas logarítmica en función del tiempo. Usualmente se grafica en una escala log – log. Las principales ventajas y limitaciones del método se revisaron con la ayuda de tres ejemplos hidrogeológicos de campo. Se proveen pautas para la selección de un modelo conceptual apropiado a partir de un análisis cualitativo de la derivada logarítmica. Se muestra cómo el ruido en las mediciones de las depresiones resulta amplificado por el cálculo de las derivadas y se propone muestrear la señal con el objeto de minimizar este efecto. Cuando los ritmos de descarga varían, o cuando los datos de recuperación deben ser interpretados, el gráfico diagnóstico puede ser utilizado siempre que los datos sean pre-procesados por una técnica de deconvolución. Asimismo se discute el efecto de los errores de desplazamiento del tiempo. Todos estos ejemplos muestran que el gráfico diagnóstico tiene algunas limitaciones pero son extremadamente útiles porque proveen un enfoque unificado para la interpretación de ensayos de pozos y son aplicables en una amplia gama de situaciones., Nel dominio dell’interpretazione delle prove di pompaggio, un grafico diagnostico è un grafico simultaneo dell’abbassamento e della sua derivata logaritmica in funzione del tempo. Questo grafico è solitamente rappresentato in scala bi-logaritmica. I principali vantaggi ed i limiti di questo strumento sono discussi attraverso tre esempi idrogeologici reali. Delle raccomandazioni pratiche sono proposte al fine di utilizzare questi grafici per scegliere un modello concettuale di flusso. Quando le misure di abbassamento contengono del rumore, il calcolo della derivata logaritmica presenta degli artefatti che sono riducibili campionando il segnale. Quando la portata del pompaggio varia, o durante un test di recupero, i grafici diagnostici possono anche essere utilizzati a condizione di effettuare una preliminare deconvoluzione dei dati. Infine, gli effetti di un errore di stima del tempo di inizio di un test sono discussi. Tutti gli esempi mostrano che i grafici di diagnosi costituiscono uno strumento estremamente utile per l’interpretazione delle prove idrauliche.

In recent years, the study of low-permeability geological formations has undergone considerable development. This is mainly due to the use of natural geological barriers to confine waste disposals, preventing leaking water from bringing contaminants into contact with the biosphere and the groundwater resources. In that context, the Spanish Geological Survey (IGME, Spanish acronym), supported by the National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (ENRESA, Spanish acronym) and with the technical advice of the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) designed and built a Mobile Hydrogeological Unit (UMH, Spanish acronym) for low-permeability formations characterization, which has been operational since 1997 and has been used for different purposes. Among other possibilities, the UMH allows conducting: constant transient-state flow-rate injection tests, constant-head transient-state injection tests, pseudo-stationary state injection tests, pressure fall-off tests, slug tests and pulse tests. The main objectives of this article are to describe the hydraulic characterization methodology used by IGME to carry out hydraulic tests in low permeability environment, to compare different testing methods and to summarize the results that have been obtained when characterizing the leucogranites of Cadalso de los Vidrios in Spain. The study area presents an increasing interest for granite production inside the Community of Madrid. The petrological and structural characteristics of the granite rocks and the core-samples extracted from a 200 m deep borehole investigation are described. The packer tests are conducted with the Mobile Hydrogeological Unit. The tests are interpreted with the help of analytical solutions. The main software used is Hytool, an open source matlab toolbox that provides a library of analytical solutions and a set of routines to facilitate hydraulic tests interpretation. The results allow the elaboration of a comparative analysis

Das Internet bietet für viele Klein‐ und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) eine Riesenchance im Marketing. Jedoch zeigt uns das Internet ein anderes Bild. KMU nutzen das Potenzial des Online Marketings zu wenig. Oft aus Zeitgründen, aber viel mehr aus Desinteresse und Geldmangel. Dabei muss Online Marketing nicht teuer sein. Aus diesem Grund wurde ein Kurs auf dem LHR‐ und GBBcampus8 eingerichtet, der kostenlos zur Verfügung steht. Im Selbststudium und mit dem dazugehörigen Buch Marketing – Erfolg im Internet wird abwechslungsweise das Thema Online Marketing erarbeitet. Das Modul Online Marketing wird in folgende sechs Teile aufgeteilt: 1. Einführung ins Online Marketing 2. Suchmaschinenmarketing 3. Domain und Webstatistiken 4. Permission Marketing 5. Viral Marketing 6. Communities und Portale Das Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit ist es, den KMU aufzuzeigen, wie sie gezielt Online Marketing einsetzen können, ohne viel Geld auszugeben. Daher wurde ein Virtual‐Campus aufgebaut, der umsonst zur Weiterbildung für Gastrobetriebe, Hoteliers und Tourismusangestellte dienen soll. Das Ziel des Virtual‐Campus ist es, den interessierten Teilnehmern des ritzy*campus, einen fundierten, dennoch leicht verständlichen Einblick ins Online Marketing zu gewähren. Dieses Projekt wird von seco9 und innotour10 unterstützt.

Der Kanton Wallis ist Produzent von verschiedenen landwirtschaftlichen Produkten, allen voran Wein und Käse. Leider sind diese Produkte vielen im Gastgewerbe arbeitenden Personen nicht vertraut. Im Zuge des Ausbaus der Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten wurde mit Hilfe der Software Moodle unter dem Titel „ritzy* connaisseur“ ein virtueller E-Learning Campus auf dem Internet aufgebaut. Der ritzy* connaisseur richtet sich an Betriebsinhaber von Walliser Restaurations und Beherbergungsbetrieben und deren Angestellte und ist kostenlos. Der ritzy* connaisseur setzt sich mit diesen landwirtschaftlichen Produkten auseinander. Der Kurs erklärt u. a. den Herstellungsprozess von Wein und verschiedenen Wein- und Rebsorten. Durch den ritzy* connaisseur bekommt der Teilnehmer aber auch Informationen über Käse im Wallis, in der Schweiz und im europäischen Ausland. Der Teilnehmer erweitert so sein Wissen auf eine einfache und spielerische Art und Weise. Im Weiteren erklärt der ritzy* connaisseur auch den Herkunftsschutz und die speziellen Vor- und Nachteile von AOC und IGP Zertifikaten.

If the fundamental Planck scale is about a TeV and the cosmic neutrino flux is at the Waxman-Bahcall level, quantum black holes are created daily in the Antarctic ice-cap. We re-examine the prospects for observing such black holes with the IceCube neutrino-detection experiment. To this end, we first revise the black hole production rate by incorporating the effects of inelasticty, i.e., the energy radiated in gravitational waves by the multipole moments of the incoming shock waves. After that we study in detail the process of Hawking evaporation accounting for the black hole's large momentum in the lab system. We derive the energy spectrum of the Planckian cloud which is swept forward with a large, O (10^6), Lorentz factor. (It is noteworthy that the boosted thermal spectrum is also relevant for the study of near-extremal supersymmetric black holes, which could be copiously produced at the LHC.) In the semiclassical regime, we estimate the average energy of the boosted particles to be less than 20% the energy of the neutrino-progenitor. Armed with such a constraint, we determine the discovery reach of IceCube by tagging on "soft" (relative to what one would expect from charged current standard model processes) muons escaping the electromagnetic shower bubble produced by the black hole's light descendants. The statistically significant 5-sigma excess extends up to a quantum gravity scale ~ 1.3 TeV., Comment: Matching version to be published in Phys. Rev. D

If the fundamental Planck scale is about a TeV and the cosmic neutrino flux is at the Waxman-Bahcall level, quantum black holes are created daily in the Antarctic ice-cap. We re-examine the prospects for observing such black holes with the IceCube neutrino-detection experiment. To this end, we first revise the black hole production rate by incorporating the effects of inelasticty, i.e., the energy radiated in gravitational waves by the multipole moments of the incoming shock waves. After that we study in detail the process of Hawking evaporation accounting for the black hole's large momentum in the lab system. We derive the energy spectrum of the Planckian cloud which is swept forward with a large, O (10^6), Lorentz factor. (It is noteworthy that the boosted thermal spectrum is also relevant for the study of near-extremal supersymmetric black holes, which could be copiously produced at the LHC.) In the semiclassical regime, we estimate the average energy of the boosted particles to be less than 20% the energy of the neutrino-progenitor. Armed with such a constraint, we determine the discovery reach of IceCube by tagging on "soft" (relative to what one would expect from charged current standard model processes) muons escaping the electromagnetic shower bubble produced by the black hole's light descendants. The statistically significant 5-sigma excess extends up to a quantum gravity scale ~ 1.3 TeV., Comment: Matching version to be published in Phys. Rev. D

This proposal outlines requested changes to the current Life Experience Credit Award LECAP program. The current catalog does not provide much information about the portfolio process or the specific requirements. The current portfolio process also does not require students to include an essay as part of the portfolio to describe how their prior experience meets course outcomes and it does not require that the prior experience relate to a current course in the University catalog., AUC 2019 AUC#____59___ Fitchburg State University All University Committee 2019-2020 Proposal Form Date: 3.24.20 I. Proposal Title: __Updates to the LECAP Program II. Sponsor/Contact Person: __Becky Copper-Glenz III. Sponsor’s Department, Phone No., e-mail:___bcopperg@fitchburgstate.edu IV. Collaborating Parties: __Renee Scapparone and Jim Alicata_______________________ V. Proposal Summary (If applicable, highlight changes from previous policy or practice.): This proposal outlines requested changes to the current Life Experience Credit Award LECAP program. The current catalog does not provide much information about the portfolio process or the specific requirements. The current portfolio process also does not require students to include an essay as part of the portfolio to describe how their prior experience meets course outcomes and it does not require that the prior experience relate to a current course in the University catalog. The requested changes include: a. A change of name for the LECAP program b. The addition of an online portfolio writing and submission guide c. The addition of a written essay that will be part of the portfolio d. A program requirement stating that students can only be approved to complete a portfolio for courses that are currently available at the University and for which the academic department in which the course in question is housed has approved a portfolio option. i. There is a listed exception for occupational education students in that these students can receive up to 12 University credits for vocational related courses work and training that does not have to relate to courses currently offered at the University. The exception recognizes the unique educational experiences necessary for educators that work in vocational education and will still require that students complete an essay as part of their portfolio that describes how their work and education experiences relate to college level work. e. There has been a practice and info

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same dataset to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark skin toned players than light skin toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across teams, and estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 in odds ratio units, with a median of 1.31. Twenty teams (69%) found a statistically significant positive effect and nine teams (31%) observed a nonsignificant relationship. Overall 29 different analyses used 21 unique combinations of covariates. We found that neither analysts' prior beliefs about the effect, nor their level of expertise, nor peer-reviewed quality of analysis readily explained variation in analysis outcomes. This suggests that significant variation in the results of analyses of complex data may be difficult to avoid, even by experts with honest intentions. Crowdsourcing data analysis, a strategy by which numerous research teams are recruited to simultaneously investigate the same research question, makes transparent how defensible, yet subjective analytic choices influence research results.

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same dataset to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark skin toned players than light skin toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across teams, and estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 in odds ratio units, with a median of 1.31. Twenty teams (69%) found a statistically significant positive effect and nine teams (31%) observed a nonsignificant relationship. Overall 29 different analyses used 21 unique combinations of covariates. We found that neither analysts' prior beliefs about the effect, nor their level of expertise, nor peer-reviewed quality of analysis readily explained variation in analysis outcomes. This suggests that significant variation in the results of analyses of complex data may be difficult to avoid, even by experts with honest intentions. Crowdsourcing data analysis, a strategy by which numerous research teams are recruited to simultaneously investigate the same research question, makes transparent how defensible, yet subjective analytic choices influence research results.

In recent years, the study of low-permeability geological formations has undergone considerable development. This is mainly due to the use of natural geological barriers to confine waste disposals, preventing leaking water from bringing contaminants into contact with the biosphere and the groundwater resources. In that context, the Spanish Geological Survey (IGME, Spanish acronym), supported by the National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (ENRESA, Spanish acronym) and with the technical advice of the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) designed and built a Mobile Hydrogeological Unit (UMH, Spanish acronym) for low-permeability formations characterization, which has been operational since 1997 and has been used for different purposes. Among other possibilities, the UMH allows conducting: constant transient-state flow-rate injection tests, constant-head transient-state injection tests, pseudo-stationary state injection tests, pressure fall-off tests, slug tests and pulse tests. The main objectives of this article are to describe the hydraulic characterization methodology used by IGME to carry out hydraulic tests in low permeability environment, to compare different testing methods and to summarize the results that have been obtained when characterizing the leucogranites of Cadalso de los Vidrios in Spain. The study area presents an increasing interest for granite production inside the Community of Madrid. The petrological and structural characteristics of the granite rocks and the core-samples extracted from a 200 m deep borehole investigation are described. The packer tests are conducted with the Mobile Hydrogeological Unit. The tests are interpreted with the help of analytical solutions. The main software used is Hytool, an open source matlab toolbox that provides a library of analytical solutions and a set of routines to facilitate hydraulic tests interpretation. The results allow the elaboration of a comparative analysis

Dans le domaine de l’interprétation des essais de pompage, un graphe de diagnostic est un graphe simultané du rabattement et de sa dérivée logarithmique en fonction du temps. Ce graphe est habituellement représenté en échelle bi-logarithmique. Les avantages principaux et les limites de cet outil sont discutés à l’aide de trois exemples hydrogéologiques réels. Des recommandations pratiques sont proposées afin d’utiliser ces graphes pour sélectionner un modèle conceptuel d’écoulement. Lorsque les mesures de rabattement sont bruitées, le calcul de la dérivée logarithmique présente des artefacts que l’on peut minimiser en échantillonnant le signal. Lorsque le débit de pompage varie, ou lors d’un test de récupération, les graphes de diagnostic peuvent aussi être utilisé à condition d’effectuer une déconvolution des données au préalable. Enfin, les effets d’une erreur d’estimation du temps de début d’un test sont discutés. Tous ces exemples montrent que les graphes de diagnostic constituent un outil extrêmement utile pour l’interprétation des essais hydrauliques., In well-test analysis, a diagnostic plot is a scatter plot of both drawdown and its logarithmic derivative versus time. It is usually plotted in log–log scale. The main advantages and limitations of the method are reviewed with the help of three hydrogeological field examples. Guidelines are provided for the selection of an appropriate conceptual model from a qualitative analysis of the log-derivative. It is shown how the noise on the drawdown measurements is amplified by the calculation of the derivative and it is proposed to sample the signal in order to minimize this effect. When the discharge rates are varying, or when recovery data have to be interpreted, the diagnostic plot can be used, provided that the data are pre-processed by a deconvolution technique. The effect of time shift errors is also discussed. All these examples show that diagnostic plots have some limitations but they are extremely helpful because they provide a unified approach for well-test interpretation and are applicable in a wide range of situations., En los análisis de ensayos de pozos, un gráfico de diagnóstico es un gráfico de dispersión de las depresiones y de sus derivadas logarítmica en función del tiempo. Usualmente se grafica en una escala log – log. Las principales ventajas y limitaciones del método se revisaron con la ayuda de tres ejemplos hidrogeológicos de campo. Se proveen pautas para la selección de un modelo conceptual apropiado a partir de un análisis cualitativo de la derivada logarítmica. Se muestra cómo el ruido en las mediciones de las depresiones resulta amplificado por el cálculo de las derivadas y se propone muestrear la señal con el objeto de minimizar este efecto. Cuando los ritmos de descarga varían, o cuando los datos de recuperación deben ser interpretados, el gráfico diagnóstico puede ser utilizado siempre que los datos sean pre-procesados por una técnica de deconvolución. Asimismo se discute el efecto de los errores de desplazamiento del tiempo. Todos estos ejemplos muestran que el gráfico diagnóstico tiene algunas limitaciones pero son extremadamente útiles porque proveen un enfoque unificado para la interpretación de ensayos de pozos y son aplicables en una amplia gama de situaciones., Nel dominio dell’interpretazione delle prove di pompaggio, un grafico diagnostico è un grafico simultaneo dell’abbassamento e della sua derivata logaritmica in funzione del tempo. Questo grafico è solitamente rappresentato in scala bi-logaritmica. I principali vantaggi ed i limiti di questo strumento sono discussi attraverso tre esempi idrogeologici reali. Delle raccomandazioni pratiche sono proposte al fine di utilizzare questi grafici per scegliere un modello concettuale di flusso. Quando le misure di abbassamento contengono del rumore, il calcolo della derivata logaritmica presenta degli artefatti che sono riducibili campionando il segnale. Quando la portata del pompaggio varia, o durante un test di recupero, i grafici diagnostici possono anche essere utilizzati a condizione di effettuare una preliminare deconvoluzione dei dati. Infine, gli effetti di un errore di stima del tempo di inizio di un test sono discussi. Tutti gli esempi mostrano che i grafici di diagnosi costituiscono uno strumento estremamente utile per l’interpretazione delle prove idrauliche.

Le principal objectif de cette thèse est l’évaluation quantitative de l’impact de la troisième correction du Rhône (PR3) sur l’aquifère alluvial de la plaine du Rhône. Le PR3 est un projet d’aménagement, dont le but est d’une part l’amélioration de la protection contre les inondations, et d’autre part la renaturalisation du lit de la rivière Rhône (Valais, Suisse). L’approche considérée pour améliorer la capacité de drainage du Rhône est l’élargissement du lit de la rivière, ce qui causera un abaissement du niveau de la rivière (d’environ 0.9m en moyenne). L’impact du PR3 sur les eaux souterraines a été estimé avec un modèle numérique d’écoulement permanent. Ce modèle a été calibré avec des données de charge hydraulique. Le modèle numérique permet d’intégrer les données existantes, et d’étudier ensuite le comportement possible du système lorsqu’il sera soumis à des conditions qui diffèrent de celles investiguées actuellement (état restauré). Quand le modèle est utilisé pour simuler l’état futur du système, ses prévisions contiennent nécessairement un certain degré d’incertitude. Deux sources d’incertitude ont été considérées dans ce travail : d’une part la non-unicité de la solution du problème inverse, qui consiste à estimer les paramètres du modèle sur la base des mesures disponibles de charge hydraulique; d’autre part l’incertitude concernant l’évolution de la conductivité hydraulique du lit du Rhône suite à la restauration. L’incertitude sur les prévisions découlant de la non-unicité du problème inverse a été traitée grâce à la méthode du “null Space Monte Carlo” (NSMC) implémentée dans PEST. L’incertitude induite par l’état futur incertain du lit du Rhône a été traitée avec une analyse de sensibilité des prévisions par rapport à la conductivité du lit de la rivière. Le modèle est basé sur une compréhension conceptuelle du système, acquise grâce à l’interprétation des données disponibles. Ces données suggèrent clairement que le système est fortement co, The main objective of this thesis is the quantitative evaluation of the impact of the Third Rhône correction (PR3) on groundwater within the Rhône alluvial aquifer. PR3 is a river restoration project which aims at improving flood protection and at upgrading the ecologically deficient streambed of the Rhône River (Valais, Switzerland). The approach taken to extend the drainage capacity of the Rhône River is a widening of the streambed, which causes at large a lowering of river stages (of about 0.9 m on average). The impact of PR3 on groundwater was estimated using a steady state numerical flow model that was calibrated against average hydraulic head. The numerical model allows integrating data and can be used to simulate the system behavior under conditions which differ from the ones of the investigated state. When the model is used to simulate future system behavior, its predictions contain necessarily a certain degree of uncertainty. Two sources of predictive uncertainty were explored herein. On the one hand the non-uniqueness of the solution of the inverse problem, i.e. the estimation of model parameters based on available measurements of hydraulic head; on the other hand the uncertainty as to how the streambed conductance of the Rhône River will be altered as a consequence of the restoration. Predictive uncertainty arising from the non-uniqueness of the inverse problem was assessed by the “null space Monte Carlo” (NSMC) method implemented in PEST; predictive uncertainty associated with the uncertain evolution of the streambed conductance was estimated by a sensitivity analysis of model predictions to streambed conductance. The model is based upon a conceptual understanding of the system gained through interpretation of available data. Those data clearly suggests that the system is strongly driven by regional controls and that the interaction of groundwater with the Rhône River, as well as with ditches, plays a key role. The model is consistent with, Das Hauptziel dieser Doktorarbeit ist es, den Einfluss der 3. Rhonekorrektion (PR3) auf das Grundwasser des alluvialen Rhonetal-Aquifers quantitativ abzuschätzen. PR3 ist ein Projekt zur Flussrestaurierung der Rhone (Wallis, Schweiz) mit den Hauptzielen, den Hochwasserschutz zu verbessern und den Fluss ökologisch aufzuwerten. Das Projekt verfolgt den Ansatz, die Abflusskapazität des Flusses mittels einer Aufweitung des Flussbettes zu erhöhen; generell bewirkt dies eine Absenkung des Wasserspiegels der Rhone (um ca. 0.9 m im Mittel). Der Einfluss des PR3 auf das Grundwasser wurde mit Hilfe eines stationären numerischen Grundwasserfliessmodelles abgeschätzt, welches unter Verwendung von Mittelwerten des hydraulischen Potentials im Aquifer kalibriert wurde. Das numerische Modell eignet sich gut zur Integration vorhandener Daten und kann dazu verwendet werden, ein System unter veränderten Bedingungen zu untersuchen. Modellvoraussagen über das Verhalten des Systems in der Zukunft sind notwendigerweise mit einer gewissen Unsicherheit behaftet. In dieser Arbeit wurden zwei mögliche Quellen, aus denen sich Unsicherheiten bezüglich der Modellvoraussagen ergeben, berücksichtigt: einerseits die Unmöglichkeit, die Parameter des Fliessmodelles aus den vorhandenen Messungen des hydraulischen Potentials im Aquifer eindeutig zu bestimmen; andererseits die Ungewissheit darüber, wie die Durchlässigkeit der Rhonesohle sich im Zuge des PR3 verändert. Die Schätzunsicherheit, welche aus der fehlenden Eindeutigkeit des Inversen Problems entsteht, wurde mittels der „null-space-Monte-Carlo-Methode“ (NSMC) in PEST bemessen; die Unsicherheit, welche sich aus der Abhängigkeit der Modellvorhersagen von der unsicheren Entwicklung der Durchlässigkeit der Flusssohle ergibt, wurde mittels einer Sensitivitätsanalyse abgeschätzt. Das Modell basiert auf einem konzeptuellen Verständnis des Systems, welches durch die Interpretation der vorhandenen Daten gewonnen wurde. Diese Daten deuten einde

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same dataset to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark skin toned players than light skin toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across teams, and estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 in odds ratio units, with a median of 1.31. Twenty teams (69%) found a statistically significant positive effect and nine teams (31%) observed a nonsignificant relationship. Overall 29 different analyses used 21 unique combinations of covariates. We found that neither analysts' prior beliefs about the effect, nor their level of expertise, nor peer-reviewed quality of analysis readily explained variation in analysis outcomes. This suggests that significant variation in the results of analyses of complex data may be difficult to avoid, even by experts with honest intentions. Crowdsourcing data analysis, a strategy by which numerous research teams are recruited to simultaneously investigate the same research question, makes transparent how defensible, yet subjective analytic choices influence research results.

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same dataset to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark skin toned players than light skin toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across teams, and estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 in odds ratio units, with a median of 1.31. Twenty teams (69%) found a statistically significant positive effect and nine teams (31%) observed a nonsignificant relationship. Overall 29 different analyses used 21 unique combinations of covariates. We found that neither analysts' prior beliefs about the effect, nor their level of expertise, nor peer-reviewed quality of analysis readily explained variation in analysis outcomes. This suggests that significant variation in the results of analyses of complex data may be difficult to avoid, even by experts with honest intentions. Crowdsourcing data analysis, a strategy by which numerous research teams are recruited to simultaneously investigate the same research question, makes transparent how defensible, yet subjective analytic choices influence research results.

Twenty-nine teams involving 61 analysts used the same dataset to address the same research question: whether soccer referees are more likely to give red cards to dark skin toned players than light skin toned players. Analytic approaches varied widely across teams, and estimated effect sizes ranged from 0.89 to 2.93 in odds ratio units, with a median of 1.31. Twenty teams (69%) found a statistically significant positive effect and nine teams (31%) observed a nonsignificant relationship. Overall 29 different analyses used 21 unique combinations of covariates. We found that neither analysts' prior beliefs about the effect, nor their level of expertise, nor peer-reviewed quality of analysis readily explained variation in analysis outcomes. This suggests that significant variation in the results of analyses of complex data may be difficult to avoid, even by experts with honest intentions. Crowdsourcing data analysis, a strategy by which numerous research teams are recruited to simultaneously investigate the same research question, makes transparent how defensible, yet subjective analytic choices influence research results.

In well-test analysis, a diagnostic plot is a scatter plot of both drawdown and its logarithmic derivative versus time. It is usually plotted in log-log scale. The main advantages and limitations of the method are reviewed with the help of three hydrogeological field examples. Guidelines are provided for the selection of an appropriate conceptual model from a qualitative analysis of the log-derivative. It is shown how the noise on the drawdown measurements is amplified by the calculation of the derivative and it is proposed to sample the signal in order to minimize this effect. When the discharge rates are varying, or when recovery data have to be interpreted, the diagnostic plot can be used, provided that the data are pre-processed by a deconvolution technique. The effect of time shift errors is also discussed. All these examples show that diagnostic plots have some limitations but they are extremely helpful because they provide a unified approach for well-test interpretation and are applicable in a wide range of situations