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Transdisciplinary research is a promising approach to address sustainability challenges arising from global environmental change, as it is characterized by an iterative process that brings together actors from multiple academic fields and diverse sectors of society to engage in mutual learning with the intent to co-produce new knowledge. We present a conceptual model to guide the implementation of environmental transdisciplinary work, which we consider a “science with society” (SWS) approach, providing suggested activities to conduct throughout a seven-step process. We used a survey with 168 respondents involved in environmental transdisciplinary work worldwide to evaluate the relative importance of these activities and the skills and characteristics required to implement them successfully, with attention to how responses differed according to the gender, geographic location, and positionality of the respondents. Flexibility and collaborative spirit were the most frequently valued skills in SWS, though non-researchers tended to prioritize attributes like humility, trust, and patience over flexibility. We also explored the relative significance of barriers to successful SWS, finding insufficient time and unequal power dynamics were the two most significant barriers to successful SWS. Together with case studies of respondents’ most successful SWS projects, we create a toolbox of 20 best practices that can be used to overcome barriers and increase the societal and scientific impacts of SWS projects. Project success was perceived to be significantly higher where there was medium to high policy impact, and projects initiated by practitioners/other stakeholders had a larger proportion of high policy impact compared to projects initiated by researchers only. Communicating project results to academic audiences occurred more frequently than communicating results to practitioners or the public, despite this being ranked less important overall. We discuss how these results poi

Transdisciplinary research is a promising approach to address sustainability challenges arising from global environmental change, as it is characterized by an iterative process that brings together actors from multiple academic fields and diverse sectors of society to engage in mutual learning with the intent to co-produce new knowledge. We present a conceptual model to guide the implementation of environmental transdisciplinary work, which we consider a “science with society” (SWS) approach, providing suggested activities to conduct throughout a seven-step process. We used a survey with 168 respondents involved in environmental transdisciplinary work worldwide to evaluate the relative importance of these activities and the skills and characteristics required to implement them successfully, with attention to how responses differed according to the gender, geographic location, and positionality of the respondents. Flexibility and collaborative spirit were the most frequently valued skills in SWS, though non-researchers tended to prioritize attributes like humility, trust, and patience over flexibility. We also explored the relative significance of barriers to successful SWS, finding insufficient time and unequal power dynamics were the two most significant barriers to successful SWS. Together with case studies of respondents’ most successful SWS projects, we create a toolbox of 20 best practices that can be used to overcome barriers and increase the societal and scientific impacts of SWS projects. Project success was perceived to be significantly higher where there was medium to high policy impact, and projects initiated by practitioners/other stakeholders had a larger proportion of high policy impact compared to projects initiated by researchers only. Communicating project results to academic audiences occurred more frequently than communicating results to practitioners or the public, despite this being ranked less important overall. We discuss how these results poi

The critical zone (CZ), the dynamic living skin of the Earth, extends from the top of the vegetation canopy through the soil and down to fresh bedrock and the bottom of groundwater. All humans live in and depend on the critical zone. This zone has three co-evolving surfaces: the top of the vegetation canopy, the ground surface, and a deep subsurface below which Earth’s materials are unweathered. The US National Science Foundation supported network of nine critical zone observatories has made advances in three broad critical zone research areas. First, monitoring has revealed how natural and anthropogenic inputs at the vegetation canopy and ground surface cause subsurface responses in water, regolith structure, minerals, and biotic activity to considerable depths. This response in turn impacts above-ground biota and climate. Second, drilling and geophysical imaging now reveal how the deep subsurface of the CZ varies across landscapes, which in turn influences above-ground ecosystems. Third, several mechanistic models providing quantitative predictions of the spatial structure of the subsurface of the CZ have been proposed. Many countries now fund networks of critical zone observatories (CZOs) to measure the fluxes of solutes, water, energy, gas, and sediments in the CZ and some relate these observations to the histories of those fluxes recorded in landforms, biota, soils, sediments, and rocks. Each U.S. observatory has succeeded in synthesizing observations across disciplines; providing long-term measurements to compare across sites; testing and developing models; collecting and measuring baseline data for comparison to catastrophic events; stimulating new process-based hypotheses; catalyzing development of new techniques and instrumentation; informing the public about the CZ; mentoring students and teaching about emerging multi-disciplinary CZ science; and discovering new insights about the CZ. Many of these activities can only be accomplished with observa

The critical zone (CZ), the dynamic living skin of the Earth, extends from the top of the vegetation canopy through the soil and down to fresh bedrock and the bottom of groundwater. All humans live in and depend on the critical zone. This zone has three co-evolving surfaces: the top of the vegetation canopy, the ground surface, and a deep subsurface below which Earth’s materials are unweathered. The US National Science Foundation supported network of nine critical zone observatories has made advances in three broad critical zone research areas. First, monitoring has revealed how natural and anthropogenic inputs at the vegetation canopy and ground surface cause subsurface responses in water, regolith structure, minerals, and biotic activity to considerable depths. This response in turn impacts above-ground biota and climate. Second, drilling and geophysical imaging now reveal how the deep subsurface of the CZ varies across landscapes, which in turn influences above-ground ecosystems. Third, several mechanistic models providing quantitative predictions of the spatial structure of the subsurface of the CZ have been proposed. Many countries now fund networks of critical zone observatories (CZOs) to measure the fluxes of solutes, water, energy, gas, and sediments in the CZ and some relate these observations to the histories of those fluxes recorded in landforms, biota, soils, sediments, and rocks. Each U.S. observatory has succeeded in synthesizing observations across disciplines; providing long-term measurements to compare across sites; testing and developing models; collecting and measuring baseline data for comparison to catastrophic events; stimulating new process-based hypotheses; catalyzing development of new techniques and instrumentation; informing the public about the CZ; mentoring students and teaching about emerging multi-disciplinary CZ science; and discovering new insights about the CZ. Many of these activities can only be accomplished with observa

This is a policy discussion paper aimed at addressing possible alternative approaches for environmental flows (e-Flows) assessment and identification within the context of best strategies for fluvial restoration. We focus on dammed rivers in Mediterranean regions. Fluvial species and their ecological integrity are the result of their evolutionary adaptation to river habitats. Flowing water is the main driver for development and maintenance of these habitats, which is why e-Flows are needed where societal demands are depleting water resources. Fluvial habitats are also shaped by the combined interaction of water, sediments, woody/organic material, and riparian vegetation. Water abstraction, flow regulation by dams, gravel pits or siltation by fine sediments eroded from hillslopes are pressures that can disturb interactions among water, sediments, and other constituents that create the habitats needed by fluvial communities. Present e-Flow design criteria are based only on water flow requirements. Here we argue that sediment dynamics need to be considered when specifying instream flows, thereby expanding the environmental objectives and definition of e-Flows to include sediments (extended e-Flows). To this aim, a hydromorphological framework for e-Flows assessment and identification of best strategies for fluvial restoration, including the context of rivers regulated by large dams, is presented.

This is a policy discussion paper aimed at addressing possible alternative approaches for environmental flows (e-Flows) assessment and identification within the context of best strategies for fluvial restoration. We focus on dammed rivers in Mediterranean regions. Fluvial species and their ecological integrity are the result of their evolutionary adaptation to river habitats. Flowing water is the main driver for development and maintenance of these habitats, which is why e-Flows are needed where societal demands are depleting water resources. Fluvial habitats are also shaped by the combined interaction of water, sediments, woody/organic material, and riparian vegetation. Water abstraction, flow regulation by dams, gravel pits or siltation by fine sediments eroded from hillslopes are pressures that can disturb interactions among water, sediments, and other constituents that create the habitats needed by fluvial communities. Present e-Flow design criteria are based only on water flow requirements. Here we argue that sediment dynamics need to be considered when specifying instream flows, thereby expanding the environmental objectives and definition of e-Flows to include sediments (extended e-Flows). To this aim, a hydromorphological framework for e-Flows assessment and identification of best strategies for fluvial restoration, including the context of rivers regulated by large dams, is presented.

Large wood (LW) plays an important role in river ecosystems, but LW-laden floods may cause serious damage to human lives and property. The relationship between precipitation patterns and variations in LW distribution and export at the watershed scale is poorly understood. To explore these linkages, we examined differences in LW distribution as a function of channel morphologies in six watersheds located in southern and northern Japan and analysed the impacts of different precipitation patterns on the fluvial export of LW from river catchments. In southern Japan, intense rainfalls caused by typhoons or localized torrential downpours initiate landslides and debris flows that introduce massive amounts of LW into channels. Gravel bars formed by frequent flood events are widely prevalent, and the LW temporarily stored on these bars is frequently moved and/or broken into smaller pieces by floods. In these systems fluvial export of LW is supply-limited, with smaller accumulations and shorter residence times than in northern Japan. Conversely, in northern Japan, where typhoons and torrential downpours rarely occur, LW is mostly recruited by bank erosion, tree mortality and windthrow into channels, rather than by landslides and debris flows. Recruited pieces accumulate in log jams on valley floors, particularly on floodplains supporting mature forests, resulting in larger accumulations and longer residence times. In these watersheds fluvial export of LW is transport-limited, and the pieces gradually decompose during long-term storage as log jams. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Large wood (LW) plays an important role in river ecosystems, but LW-laden floods may cause serious damage to human lives and property. The relationship between precipitation patterns and variations in LW distribution and export at the watershed scale is poorly understood. To explore these linkages, we examined differences in LW distribution as a function of channel morphologies in six watersheds located in southern and northern Japan and analysed the impacts of different precipitation patterns on the fluvial export of LW from river catchments. In southern Japan, intense rainfalls caused by typhoons or localized torrential downpours initiate landslides and debris flows that introduce massive amounts of LW into channels. Gravel bars formed by frequent flood events are widely prevalent, and the LW temporarily stored on these bars is frequently moved and/or broken into smaller pieces by floods. In these systems fluvial export of LW is supply-limited, with smaller accumulations and shorter residence times than in northern Japan. Conversely, in northern Japan, where typhoons and torrential downpours rarely occur, LW is mostly recruited by bank erosion, tree mortality and windthrow into channels, rather than by landslides and debris flows. Recruited pieces accumulate in log jams on valley floors, particularly on floodplains supporting mature forests, resulting in larger accumulations and longer residence times. In these watersheds fluvial export of LW is transport-limited, and the pieces gradually decompose during long-term storage as log jams. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Large wood (LW) plays an important role in river ecosystems, but LW-laden floods may cause serious damage to human lives and property. The relationship between precipitation patterns and variations in LW distribution and export at the watershed scale is poorly understood. To explore these linkages, we examined differences in LW distribution as a function of channel morphologies in six watersheds located in southern and northern Japan and analysed the impacts of different precipitation patterns on the fluvial export of LW from river catchments. In southern Japan, intense rainfalls caused by typhoons or localized torrential downpours initiate landslides and debris flows that introduce massive amounts of LW into channels. Gravel bars formed by frequent flood events are widely prevalent, and the LW temporarily stored on these bars is frequently moved and/or broken into smaller pieces by floods. In these systems fluvial export of LW is supply-limited, with smaller accumulations and shorter residence times than in northern Japan. Conversely, in northern Japan, where typhoons and torrential downpours rarely occur, LW is mostly recruited by bank erosion, tree mortality and windthrow into channels, rather than by landslides and debris flows. Recruited pieces accumulate in log jams on valley floors, particularly on floodplains supporting mature forests, resulting in larger accumulations and longer residence times. In these watersheds fluvial export of LW is transport-limited, and the pieces gradually decompose during long-term storage as log jams. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Accumulation of fructans was confirmed in asparagus tissues that had been cultured for 2 days on media supplemented with glucose. It is very common that fructans are biosynthesized from sucrose. We hypothesized however that fructans could also be biosynthesized from glucose. Stem tissues of in vitro-cultured asparagus were subcultured for 72 h on a medium containing 0.5 M of [1-C-13]glucose. A medium containing 0.5 M of normal (C-12) glucose was used as control. Carbohydrates were extracted from the tissues and analyzed using HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-MS. HPLC results indicated that the accumulation of short-chain fructans was similar in both C-13-labelled and control samples. Short-chain fructans of DP =3-7 were detected using MALDI-TOF MS. The molecular mass of each oligomer in the C-13-labelled sample was higher than the mass of the natural sample by 1 m/z unit per sugar moiety. The results of ESI-MS on the HPLC fractions of neokestose and 1-kestose showed that these oligomers (DP =3) were biosynthesized from exogenous glucose added to the medium. We conclude that not only exogenous sucrose but glucose can induce fructan biosynthesis; fructans of both inulin type and inulin neoseries are also biosynthesized from glucose accumulated in asparagus tissues; the glucose molecules (or its metabolic products) were incorporated into fructans as structural monomers. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Accumulation of fructans was confirmed in asparagus tissues that had been cultured for 2 days on media supplemented with glucose. It is very common that fructans are biosynthesized from sucrose. We hypothesized however that fructans could also be biosynthesized from glucose. Stem tissues of in vitro-cultured asparagus were subcultured for 72 h on a medium containing 0.5 M of [1-C-13]glucose. A medium containing 0.5 M of normal (C-12) glucose was used as control. Carbohydrates were extracted from the tissues and analyzed using HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-MS. HPLC results indicated that the accumulation of short-chain fructans was similar in both C-13-labelled and control samples. Short-chain fructans of DP =3-7 were detected using MALDI-TOF MS. The molecular mass of each oligomer in the C-13-labelled sample was higher than the mass of the natural sample by 1 m/z unit per sugar moiety. The results of ESI-MS on the HPLC fractions of neokestose and 1-kestose showed that these oligomers (DP =3) were biosynthesized from exogenous glucose added to the medium. We conclude that not only exogenous sucrose but glucose can induce fructan biosynthesis; fructans of both inulin type and inulin neoseries are also biosynthesized from glucose accumulated in asparagus tissues; the glucose molecules (or its metabolic products) were incorporated into fructans as structural monomers. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Accumulation of fructans was confirmed in asparagus tissues that had been cultured for 2 days on media supplemented with glucose. It is very common that fructans are biosynthesized from sucrose. We hypothesized however that fructans could also be biosynthesized from glucose. Stem tissues of in vitro-cultured asparagus were subcultured for 72 h on a medium containing 0.5 M of [1-C-13]glucose. A medium containing 0.5 M of normal (C-12) glucose was used as control. Carbohydrates were extracted from the tissues and analyzed using HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-MS. HPLC results indicated that the accumulation of short-chain fructans was similar in both C-13-labelled and control samples. Short-chain fructans of DP =3-7 were detected using MALDI-TOF MS. The molecular mass of each oligomer in the C-13-labelled sample was higher than the mass of the natural sample by 1 m/z unit per sugar moiety. The results of ESI-MS on the HPLC fractions of neokestose and 1-kestose showed that these oligomers (DP =3) were biosynthesized from exogenous glucose added to the medium. We conclude that not only exogenous sucrose but glucose can induce fructan biosynthesis; fructans of both inulin type and inulin neoseries are also biosynthesized from glucose accumulated in asparagus tissues; the glucose molecules (or its metabolic products) were incorporated into fructans as structural monomers. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Modeling and simulation technology is the use of models to develop data as a basis for making managerial or technical decisions. It can be a valuable tool for program managers, but it is one that is vastly under-used. This article provides a business-case framework (a methodology to evaluate investment opportunities) for program managers within the Department of Defense to use when determining how to apply modeling and simulation in project management. The authors reviewed selected M&S efforts within civilian industry and DoD. They visited several key manufacturing and service industries, which were also wrestling with the same subject -- the assessment of M&S investment. They surveyed a large number of DoD program managers with programs in various stages of the acquisition process. The survey requested general information from the program managers regarding how they made decisions on M&S investments. Additionally, in an effort to maintain balance, they also surveyed several government contractors. They also conducted a literary search to capture the body of knowledge in non-government organizations related to justifying M&S investments. Most program managers justified their M&S investment based on one or more of the following: reducing design cycle time; augmenting or replacing physical tests; helping resolve limitations of funds, assets, or schedules; or providing insight into issues that were impossible or impracticable to examine in other ways., Published in Acquisition Review Quarterly, p311-327, Fall 2000.

This text looks at the issues surrounding the "care in the community" approach to mental health welfare. It describes two community housing projects, their aims, philosophy, staffing and resources in relation to local mental health, and provides insights into the structure of individuals' social networks. Vignettes of the residents also provide an understanding of the lives of people with mental health problems

On the left, a beautiful young woman wearing a beach robe enters a bathhouse to change. On the right, she emerges from the bathhouse fashionably dressed in an outfit that may be more revealing than her beach clothing, and carrying a parasol.

Psyche wears an Easter bonnet and admires her reflection in a small pool of water with irises and lilies. comments and context

A young woman sits at her dressing table, holding up a mirror to admire her hair. A maid arranges plant sprigs in her hair. comments and context

A young man "shoplifts" a kiss from a beautiful young woman clerk in a shop.

In a crowded dining room with mostly women and a few men, the women are helping themselves to the table settings and other items that will fit into their purses. An insert shows the horrified reaction of members during "The House Committee's Inventory." Caption: Talk about your shoplifters!

An attractive woman plays billiards surrounded by four dashing men offering her advice on how to approach a bridge shot. Caption: Expert advice on how to handle it.

A young couple stands near a mirror, and as the young man declares his love for her, the young woman gazes on her reflection in the mirror and wonders how it would be possible not to love her. Caption: "I love you" ... as he made the vow they near a limpid mirror stood. She gazed within and mutely said, "Well really, I should think he would."

A young man and a young woman are ice skating. The man tries to kiss or embrace her, but she deftly uses her muff to block his advance. Caption: Vigorous opposition to grasping monopoly.

A woman wearing a red dress, holding money, stands between the "Health Department Bureau of Licences and Inspection" and an opening in a wall labeled "Graft." In a cut-away showing the scene behind the "Graft," the man (probably a plainclothes officer) who collects the money through the opening in the wall is passing money to a uniformed officer, who in turn passes the money to a large hand (probably that of a politician) entering the frame from above. It is a wild scene with a woman lying on a table, the body of a man stabbed to death beneath the table, a man rolling dice, others drinking, and a shooting taking place in the background. While the woman in red hesitates, the implication is that she has no choice but to pay the graft. Caption: She is here. Man is responsible for her. His laws against her and her traffic but afford opportunity for police extortion. You know this. You may wince at the idea of "regulation," but is not regulation preferable to the vilest forms of graft? Of two evils, must the greater be chosen?

A stork carries an infant against a full moon, above a snow covered community.

A young couple stand in an embrace in a wooded area during autumn, with Cupid perched on a branch holding a cluster of red leaves over their heads. Caption: And yet how many there are who run by Cupid's block-signal.

Four elderly men and two elderly women watch a fashionably dressed young woman as she walks down the sidewalk.

A Christmas present box is filled with beautiful female faces.

A group of men at a football game is paying closer attention to exposure of a fashionably dressed young woman's legs as she climbs the steep steps in a grandstand.

Three well-dressed women with large bonnets discuss the fare on a street railroad while the conductor discreetly turns away.

A woman wearing winter clothing and holding her muff in front of her face has only one eye exposed.

A snowman and a beautiful young woman flirt with each other.

Two women and a child, along with other spectators, stand in front of a cage, offering a peanut to an unseen chimpanzee or ape named "Jocko."

On the left, a beautiful young woman wearing a beach robe enters a bathhouse to change. On the right, she emerges from the bathhouse fashionably dressed in an outfit that may be more revealing than her beach clothing, and carrying a parasol.

Partial Contents: HQDA Publishing System Workflow; Cost Benefit Analysis On a Prototype Micropublishing System Compared to Similar Hard Copy Printing On the Present Publishing System; Micrographics Reconnaissance Activities; New Start Exception Process; TAG Approval of In-House COM - Based Prototype; Field Testing of Micropublications for Usability and Acceptability Within Brigade Level Functions; Field Test Program Microfiche Readers; Microfiche Reader Distribution; Fiche Factors Evaluation; Project IMPACT User Debriefing; and DACA-CAF Methodology Concurrence Report and IGAA-ECD Audit of Cost Benefit Analysis Report., Appendix to Final report, AD-A040 782.

This report addresses the development of a micropublishing system which reduces publications costs and increases user acceptability. Current and proposed publications systems are described. Extensive attitude surveys and user field tests document the desirability of providing DA publications in the microfiche medium as a supplement to and/or replacement of hard copy publications. An actual operational prototype micropublishing system is described in detail and various alternative subsystems are presented. A micropublishing system is recommended for implementation. (Author), See also Appendices, AD-A040 783.

Magazine clipping of an article titled "Not a Look of Fear was Seen" written for the November 1987 issue of American History Illustrated by Jeff Seiken who with the aid of paintings and a diagram shows how the United States Frigate Constitution defeated the Frigate HMS Guerrière in a naval battle on the high seas during the War of 1812.

Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : Rtmgus1