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Objective: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent bacterial pathogen isolated in subjects with Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) worldwide. Limited data are available regarding the current global burden and risk factors associated with drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP) in CAP subjects. We assessed the multinational prevalence and risk factors for DRSP-CAP in a multinational point-prevalence study. Design: The prevalence of DRSP-CAP was assessed by identification of DRSP in blood or respiratory samples among adults hospitalized with CAP in 54 countries. Prevalence and risk factors were compared among subjects that had microbiological testing and antibiotic susceptibility data. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors independently associated with DRSP-CAP. Results: 3,193 subjects were included in the study. The global prevalence of DRSP-CAP was 1.3% and continental prevalence rates were 7.0% in Africa, 1.2% in Asia, and 1.0% in South America, Europe, and North America, respectively. Macrolide resistance was most frequently identified in subjects with DRSP-CAP (0.6%) followed by penicillin resistance (0.5%). Subjects in Africa were more likely to have DRSP-CAP (OR: 7.6; 95%CI: 3.34-15.35, p<0.001) when compared to centres representing other continents. Conclusions: This multinational point-prevalence study found a low global prevalence of DRSP-CAP that may impact guideline development and antimicrobial policies.

Editorial, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Editorial, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Experiments were performed in a test facility at NETeF (Thermal-Fluids Engineering Laboratory) of the Engineering School of São Carlos. The facility consists basically of a horizontal glass pipe of 26 mm of inner diameter and 12 m length. Mineral oil (860 kg/m3 density and 100 mPa∙s viscosity) and tap water stored in separated tanks are circulated under controlled conditions through the test pipe. The flow rates of each liquid are individually controlled and measured. After passing the horizontal test section, the mixture flows to a coalescent-plate separator tank. The liquids once separated are returned to their respective storage tanks by gravity. A wire-mesh sensor with 8 x 8 wire configuration was installed close to end of the horizontal pipe at 10.3 m from the entrance. To assemble the wire-mesh sensor in the test pipe, a flange of transparent Perspex was manufactured which allows for optical observations (Fig 1a). A high-speed camera (Optronis, Camrecord 600) was applied to monitor the flow patterns and investigate the influence of wire-mesh sensor in the flow. Experiments were performed at oil superficial velocity between 0.2 m/s to 1 m/s and water superficial velocity between 1 m/s to 3 m/s. The recording speed was 2000 fps for the high-speed camera and 500 fps for the wire-mesh sensor, whereby data acquisition of both systems was synchronized by a common trigger signal. Figure 1b and 1c show exemplary images of the flow obtained by the both imaging devices. Note that the high-speed camera depicts a lateral view of the flow, while the wire-mesh sensor images show holdup distributions over the cross section of the pipe. From the two-dimensional holdup distribution measured by the wire-mesh sensor we have further determined liquid holdup integrated over different domains thus obtaining time and/or spatially averaged holdup values, e.g. radial profiles or mean holdup. Furthermore, for comparison purposes of holdup measurements, the quick-closing valves (QCV) te

Experiments were performed in a test facility at NETeF (Thermal-Fluids Engineering Laboratory) of the Engineering School of São Carlos. The facility consists basically of a horizontal glass pipe of 26 mm of inner diameter and 12 m length. Mineral oil (860 kg/m3 density and 100 mPa∙s viscosity) and tap water stored in separated tanks are circulated under controlled conditions through the test pipe. The flow rates of each liquid are individually controlled and measured. After passing the horizontal test section, the mixture flows to a coalescent-plate separator tank. The liquids once separated are returned to their respective storage tanks by gravity. A wire-mesh sensor with 8 x 8 wire configuration was installed close to end of the horizontal pipe at 10.3 m from the entrance. To assemble the wire-mesh sensor in the test pipe, a flange of transparent Perspex was manufactured which allows for optical observations (Fig 1a). A high-speed camera (Optronis, Camrecord 600) was applied to monitor the flow patterns and investigate the influence of wire-mesh sensor in the flow. Experiments were performed at oil superficial velocity between 0.2 m/s to 1 m/s and water superficial velocity between 1 m/s to 3 m/s. The recording speed was 2000 fps for the high-speed camera and 500 fps for the wire-mesh sensor, whereby data acquisition of both systems was synchronized by a common trigger signal. Figure 1b and 1c show exemplary images of the flow obtained by the both imaging devices. Note that the high-speed camera depicts a lateral view of the flow, while the wire-mesh sensor images show holdup distributions over the cross section of the pipe. From the two-dimensional holdup distribution measured by the wire-mesh sensor we have further determined liquid holdup integrated over different domains thus obtaining time and/or spatially averaged holdup values, e.g. radial profiles or mean holdup. Furthermore, for comparison purposes of holdup measurements, the quick-closing valves (QCV) te

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Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1546026%5DMICH-V-1546026, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1546026/MICH-V-1546026/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1547700%5DMICH-V-1547700, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1547700/MICH-V-1547700/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1546026%5DMICH-V-1546026, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1546026/MICH-V-1546026/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy