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Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en växande folksjukdom globalt. Kostnader för samhället och sjukvården beräknas öka de kommande åren. Sjuksköterskors kunskap är viktig för att hjälpa personer med diabetes typ 2 att hantera sjukdomen. Därför är det viktigt att kunskapsläget hos sjuksköterskor behöver vara brett för att kunna ge stöd, information och kunskap till personer med sjukdomen, även i det förebyggande arbetet för att undvika komplikationer och främja hälsa. Syfte: Att beskriva personers upplevelser av att leva med och hantera diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod: Metoden är en litteraturöversikt enligt Fribergs beskrivning. Tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga originalartiklar användes, från databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl Complete. Resultat: Resultatet bestod av tre huvudteman. Dessa teman var: Stöd, motivation och utmaningar till livsstilsändringar, Sjukdomens påverkan på den psykiska hälsan och Individanpassad vård. Sammanfattning: Resultatet visade att diabetes mellitus typ 2 påverkade pden psykiska hälsan, det var stressigt och svårt att ändra livsstil och bibehålla den. Stöd från familjen underlättade för egenvård, och vårdpersonalens stöd, information samt kunskap var av stor vikt för personerna., Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a growing global health issue, the cost of which is expected to rise in the coming years for societies and healthcare organizations. Nurses’ knowledge is an essential part in assisting people to be able to manage Diabetes type 2. It is therefore important that nurses are broadly educated concerning this disease in order to provide useful information and knowledge to this group of people in order to avoid complications and maintain health. Aim: To describe the experience of living with and dealing with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 Method: The method for this study was in the form of a literature overview in accordance with Fribergs description of the process. Ten qualitative scientific original articles regarding the topic were chosen using the databases Pubmed and Cinahl Complete. Results: The result was in the form of three emerging main themes. These were Support, motivation and challenges to lifestyle changes, The diseases impact on the psychological wellbeing and Individually adapted care. Summary: Results showed that diabetes mellitus type-2 affected the psychological well-being and that it was associated with considerable stress to change and maintain a new lifestyle. Support from family facilitated self-care and the support and knowledge of healthcare staff was of great importance to this group of people.

Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en växande folksjukdom globalt. Kostnader för samhället och sjukvården beräknas öka de kommande åren. Sjuksköterskors kunskap är viktig för att hjälpa personer med diabetes typ 2 att hantera sjukdomen. Därför är det viktigt att kunskapsläget hos sjuksköterskor behöver vara brett för att kunna ge stöd, information och kunskap till personer med sjukdomen, även i det förebyggande arbetet för att undvika komplikationer och främja hälsa. Syfte: Att beskriva personers upplevelser av att leva med och hantera diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod: Metoden är en litteraturöversikt enligt Fribergs beskrivning. Tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga originalartiklar användes, från databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl Complete. Resultat: Resultatet bestod av tre huvudteman. Dessa teman var: Stöd, motivation och utmaningar till livsstilsändringar, Sjukdomens påverkan på den psykiska hälsan och Individanpassad vård. Sammanfattning: Resultatet visade att diabetes mellitus typ 2 påverkade pden psykiska hälsan, det var stressigt och svårt att ändra livsstil och bibehålla den. Stöd från familjen underlättade för egenvård, och vårdpersonalens stöd, information samt kunskap var av stor vikt för personerna., Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a growing global health issue, the cost of which is expected to rise in the coming years for societies and healthcare organizations. Nurses’ knowledge is an essential part in assisting people to be able to manage Diabetes type 2. It is therefore important that nurses are broadly educated concerning this disease in order to provide useful information and knowledge to this group of people in order to avoid complications and maintain health. Aim: To describe the experience of living with and dealing with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 Method: The method for this study was in the form of a literature overview in accordance with Fribergs description of the process. Ten qualitative scientific original articles regarding the topic were chosen using the databases Pubmed and Cinahl Complete. Results: The result was in the form of three emerging main themes. These were Support, motivation and challenges to lifestyle changes, The diseases impact on the psychological wellbeing and Individually adapted care. Summary: Results showed that diabetes mellitus type-2 affected the psychological well-being and that it was associated with considerable stress to change and maintain a new lifestyle. Support from family facilitated self-care and the support and knowledge of healthcare staff was of great importance to this group of people.

In recent years, transcranial photoacoustic (TPA) imaging has become a popular modality for diagnosis of brain disorders. However, due to the presence of skull, TPA images are strongly degraded. Acoustically, this degradation is mainly categorized into the phase aberration, mode-converted shear waves, and multiple scattering. Previous studies numerically investigated the effects of mode-converted shear waves and multiple scattering on TPA images while the phase aberration caused by the skull was ignored and a conventional delay-and-sum method was employed for reconstructing TPA images. In this paper, we investigate these effects while a refraction-corrected image reconstruction approach is used to form TPA images. This approach enables separating the effects of phase aberration, mode-converted shear wave and multiple scattering. A realistic human temporal bone based on a MicroCT was used in the numerical model. In average for all the absorbers, the power of the artifacts caused by the mode-converted shear wave and multiple scattering are -13.7 dB and -20.1 dB when the refraction is corrected during image formation, respectively. These values were -7.9 and -18.8 if the conventional reconstruction is used. Accounting for phase aberration enables accurate quantification of the effects of the mode-converted shear waves and multiple scattering, which is necessary for evaluating the methods developed for degrading these effects., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., ImPhys/Medical Imaging

Reaction of the Pt(II) complexes [PtMe2(pbt)], 1a, (pbt = 2-(2-pyridyl)benzothiazole) and [PtMe(C^N)(PPh2Me)] [C^N = deprotonated 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), 1b, or deprotonated benzo[h]quinoline (bhq), 1c] with benzyl bromide, PhCH2Br, is studied. The reaction of 1a with PhCH2Br gave the Pt(IV) product complex [PtBr(CH2Ph)Me2(pbt)]. The major trans isomer is formed in a trans oxidative addition (2a), while the minor cis products (2a' and 2a″) resulted from an isomerization process. A solution of Pt(II) complex 1a in the presence of benzyl bromide in toluene at 70 °C after 7 days gradually gave the dibromo Pt(IV) complex [Pt(Br)2Me2(pbt)], 4a, as determined by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal XRD. The reaction of complexes 1b and 1c with PhCH2Br gave the Pt(IV) complexes [PtMeBr(CH2Ph)(C^N)(PPh2Me)] (C^N = ppy; 2b; C^N = bhq, 2c), in which the phosphine and benzyl ligands are trans. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy ruled out other isomers. Attempts to grow crystals of the cycloplatinated(IV) complex 2b yielded a previously reported Pt(II) complex [PtBr(ppy)(PPh2Me)], 3b, presumably from reductive elimination of ethylbenzene. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to study the kinetics of reaction of Pt(II) complexes 1a-1c with benzyl bromide. The data are consistent with a second-order SN2 mechanism and the first order in both the Pt complex and PhCH2Br. The rate of reaction decreases along the series 1a ≫ 1c > 1b. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to support experimental findings and understand the formation of isomers.

Reaction of the Pt(II) complexes [PtMe2(pbt)], 1a, (pbt = 2-(2-pyridyl)benzothiazole) and [PtMe(C^N)(PPh2Me)] [C^N = deprotonated 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), 1b, or deprotonated benzo[h]quinoline (bhq), 1c] with benzyl bromide, PhCH2Br, is studied. The reaction of 1a with PhCH2Br gave the Pt(IV) product complex [PtBr(CH2Ph)Me2(pbt)]. The major trans isomer is formed in a trans oxidative addition (2a), while the minor cis products (2a' and 2a″) resulted from an isomerization process. A solution of Pt(II) complex 1a in the presence of benzyl bromide in toluene at 70 °C after 7 days gradually gave the dibromo Pt(IV) complex [Pt(Br)2Me2(pbt)], 4a, as determined by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal XRD. The reaction of complexes 1b and 1c with PhCH2Br gave the Pt(IV) complexes [PtMeBr(CH2Ph)(C^N)(PPh2Me)] (C^N = ppy; 2b; C^N = bhq, 2c), in which the phosphine and benzyl ligands are trans. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy ruled out other isomers. Attempts to grow crystals of the cycloplatinated(IV) complex 2b yielded a previously reported Pt(II) complex [PtBr(ppy)(PPh2Me)], 3b, presumably from reductive elimination of ethylbenzene. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to study the kinetics of reaction of Pt(II) complexes 1a-1c with benzyl bromide. The data are consistent with a second-order SN2 mechanism and the first order in both the Pt complex and PhCH2Br. The rate of reaction decreases along the series 1a ≫ 1c > 1b. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to support experimental findings and understand the formation of isomers.

Developments in broadcast and multimedia technology have generated a readily available and vast supply of videos for use in second and foreign language learning contexts. However, without pedagogical direction learners are unlikely to be able to deal with the complexities of this authentic listening resource, and strategy instruction may be one route to augmenting comprehension (Cross, J, 2009). The essence of this experimental study was to investigate the impact of teaching listening strategy on comprehension of documentary videos. For the purpose of this study, 54 advanced EFL students, 27 in experimental group and 27 in control group, participated in this study procedure. In 10-week-period, the experimental group went through a well-scheduled instruction in listening strategy. On the other hand, the control group wasn’t received any instruction in listening strategy. The finding of this study has revealed that teaching listening comprehension strategies has significant influence on comprehension of authentic documentary videos

This dissertation explores the regulation and representation of prostitution in Iran during the twentieth century, and concerns itself with dominant sexual ideologies during this period. While Tehran's red-light district, Shahr-i Nau, is largely absent from modern Iranian historiography, I argue for the significance of this contested urban space to the understanding of Iranian history and society. Using citizen petition letters, police records, and government memos, I highlight the gradual shift in Pahlavi policy from policies focused on the informal removal or relocation of prostitutes to one focused on systematic regulation, epidemiological surveillance, and the geographic concentration of prostitution. The dissertation also frames the social attitudes towards and the multiple meanings assigned to prostitution and examines efforts to control the meaning and image of prostitution. Using women's magazines and scientific studies, I demonstrate how female reformers considered prostitution a result of outdated modes of family practices. The discourse surrounding the links between family and prostitution, then, contributed to an elite form of women's rights activism in Iran that perpetuated paternalistic frameworks within society. The entertainment industry also concerned itself with prostitution, and a growing number of Iranian movies began representing prostitution. Visibility and space were integral to the understanding of sexuality. For women engaged in the commercial sex industry the consequences of regulation were mixed and often contradictory. Female prostitutes lived in a perpetual state of vulnerability that stemmed from inequalities in the law and social double-standards. Despite this, they strove for their own interests in the context of unequal relations of power. In Iran under the Islamic Republic, the Pahlavi policies adopted to control and maintain sexuality and prostitution have manifested along comparable lines, highlighting cultural continuities that r