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En este proyecto se presentan los resultados del proceso de internacionalización que implementara la empresa colombiana WH INGENIERIA SAS. Para esto se analizaron las teorías y modelos correspondientes, la industrial del sector metalmecánico a nivel nacional e internacional, y la situación actual de la empresa. Dentro de los hallazgos en el proyecto se identificó que la opción más viable para que WH INGENIERIA SAS ingrese al mercado internacional es por medio de la importación indirecta, esto de acuerdo al capital con el que cuenta y al conocimiento que se tiene respecto a la internacionalización. Finalmente, se concluye que la empresa no cuenta con todo el conocimiento sobre las estrategias y modelos de internacionalización que se utilizan en el comercio internacional, sin embargo, está dispuesta a conocerlos y emplearlos dentro de su organización, para asi poder desarrollar la ruta adecuada para una internacionalización exitosa., This project presents the results of the internationalization process implemented by the Colombian company WH INGENIERIA SAS. For this, the corresponding theories and models, the industrial of the metalworking sector at national and international level, and the current situation of the company were analyzed. Among the findings in the project, it was identified that the most viable option for WH INGENIERIA SAS to enter the international market is through indirect importation, this according to the capital it has and the knowledge it has regarding it. Finally, it is concluded that the company does not have all the knowledge about the internationalization strategies and models used in international trade, however it is willing to know and use them within its organization, in order to develop the appropriate route for a successful internationalization.

En este proyecto se presentan los resultados del proceso de internacionalización que implementara la empresa colombiana WH INGENIERIA SAS. Para esto se analizaron las teorías y modelos correspondientes, la industrial del sector metalmecánico a nivel nacional e internacional, y la situación actual de la empresa. Dentro de los hallazgos en el proyecto se identificó que la opción más viable para que WH INGENIERIA SAS ingrese al mercado internacional es por medio de la importación indirecta, esto de acuerdo al capital con el que cuenta y al conocimiento que se tiene respecto a la internacionalización. Finalmente, se concluye que la empresa no cuenta con todo el conocimiento sobre las estrategias y modelos de internacionalización que se utilizan en el comercio internacional, sin embargo, está dispuesta a conocerlos y emplearlos dentro de su organización, para asi poder desarrollar la ruta adecuada para una internacionalización exitosa., This project presents the results of the internationalization process implemented by the Colombian company WH INGENIERIA SAS. For this, the corresponding theories and models, the industrial of the metalworking sector at national and international level, and the current situation of the company were analyzed. Among the findings in the project, it was identified that the most viable option for WH INGENIERIA SAS to enter the international market is through indirect importation, this according to the capital it has and the knowledge it has regarding it. Finally, it is concluded that the company does not have all the knowledge about the internationalization strategies and models used in international trade, however it is willing to know and use them within its organization, in order to develop the appropriate route for a successful internationalization.

Globalization has opened up new markets. Companies have now endless opportunities to expand their business reachwith sportsclubs being no exception. Internationalization in sports has its beginnings with foreign players joining a team and changed in 1995 with the Bosman ruling. After the Bosman ruling, the transfer of international players became easier. Not only can one notice the internationalization of sports teams by the transfer of players but also by the expansion of the sports itself. The NFL plays home games in London, the NBA in Mexico City and FC Bayern Munich has opened subsidiaries in the US and China. Yet, this all seems like the whole sports industry is expanding. However, the influences behind this drive are unclear. The purpose of this thesis is to gain an understanding of internationalization in the sports industry. As the current literature indicates several gaps regarding the internationalization of sports clubs such as the limited view on one sport at the time or the data usage of clubs in their internationalization process, this thesis focuses on offering a broaderpicture. Therefore, the research question formulated for this thesis is:What influences the internationalization in the sports industry?For answering the research questions and fulfill the purpose of this thesis, an inductive approach was selected with a qualitative exploratory research study. By mixing the pur-posive and self-selected sampling, six semi-structured interviews were conductedamong different sports clubs. The findings indicate that there are several different influences in the internationalization process of sports clubs. Leagues and their ambitions are one direct influence. Here, the leagues statutes seem to be guidelines forthe clubs and their perspec-tives on growing. Another influence are the market conditions, where one can distinguish between the home market and foreign market conditions. There are some markets that do not allow much for further grow, as another spo

La internacionalización ha llevado a las empresas a establecer vínculos con otros países y/o otras empresas, con el fin de expandir sus productos o servicios para competir en el mundo globalizado; este trabajo se enfocó en el sector textil, particularmente las confecciones y el caso Permoda LTDA en donde se identificó la ruta de internacionalización y el protagonismo que tuvo el posicionamiento de esta en el mercado internacional. Para esto, se estudiaron tres perspectivas de internacionalización: económica, de procesos y redes, las cuales explican los procesos que siguen las empresas para expandirse a diferentes partes del mundo de acuerdo con su propósito y tipo de producto. También se realizó un análisis sobre el compartimiento histórico de la industria textil tanto en Colombia como a nivel global, identificando los patrones y tendencias que tienen las empresas del sector en comparación con la empresa a analizar. Lo anterior permitió definir las estrategias utilizadas por Permoda LTDA y sugerir mejoras que favorezcan su posicionamiento en el exterior., Internationalization has led companies to establish relationships with other countries and other companies in order to expand their products or services to compete in the globalized world. This study focused on the textile sector, in particular clothing and the case of Permoda LTDA, where the internationalization route and the leadership role that the position of this company had in the international market were identified. For this, three perspectives of internationalization were studied: economic, processes and networks; that explain the processes that companies follow to reach different parts of the world according to their purpose and type of product. Likewise, an analysis was carried out on the history of the textile industry both in Colombia and worldwide, identifying the patterns and trends that companies in the sector have, compared to the company to be analyzed. This allowed us to define the strategies used by Permoda LTDA and suggest improvements that benefit its positioning abroad.

El presente proyecto de grado está enfocado en el análisis y evolución del sector de fabricación y productos de papel y cartón en Colombia dentro del acuerdo comercial con Estados Unidos. Identificar como ha sido su comportamiento nacional e internacional puesto que es uno de los sectores económicos negociados y firmados en el año 2012 con esta potencia mundial e identificar que oportunidades se han dado desde entonces. Se trabajaron bases de datos y estadísticas confiables que nos ayudaron a encontrar la participación que se tenia en el mercado, dando a conocer diferentes estrategias y productos de comercialización, permitiendo a las economías tener una información más clara de lo que se ha logrado y lo que se espera conseguir con modelos de internacionalización. Se encontraron también diferentes hallazgos significativos en cuanto al empleo, la inversión, el comercio, la tecnología y los impactos ambientales que ha generado este sector papelero dentro del país colombiano, verán diferentes gráficas que resumen una ardua investigación dentro de cada sub-partida arancelaria seleccionada. En el primer capítulo encontraran una descripción del sector, la historia del papel y cartón, sus procesos productivos dentro de las fábricas y el uso de la tecnología en la era de las comunicaciones. En el segundo capítulo se identifica el comportamiento del papel antes y después del acuerdo con Estados Unidos y en la última parte de este proyecto se definen cuáles son las conclusiones y las recomendaciones., This project is focused on the analysis and evolution of the manufacturing sector of paper and cardboard products in Colombia within the commercial agreement with the United States. Identify how its national and international behavior has been since it is one of the economic sectors negotiated and signed in 2012 with this world power and identify what opportunities have occurred since then. Reliable databases and statistics were worked on to help us find the market share, revealing different marketing strategies and products, allowing economies to have clearer information on what has been achieved and what it is hoped to achieve with internationalization models. Different significant findings were also found in terms of employment, investment, trade, technology and the environmental impacts that this paper sector has generated within the Colombian country, you will see different graphs that summarize an arduous investigation within each selected tariff sub-heading . In the first chapter you will find a description of the sector, the history of paper and cardboard, its production processes within factories and the use of technology in the age of communications. In the second chapter, the behavior of the role before and after the agreement with the United States is identified, and in the last part of this project, the conclusions and recommendations are defined.

El presente proyecto de grado está enfocado en el análisis y evolución del sector de fabricación y productos de papel y cartón en Colombia dentro del acuerdo comercial con Estados Unidos. Identificar como ha sido su comportamiento nacional e internacional puesto que es uno de los sectores económicos negociados y firmados en el año 2012 con esta potencia mundial e identificar que oportunidades se han dado desde entonces. Se trabajaron bases de datos y estadísticas confiables que nos ayudaron a encontrar la participación que se tenia en el mercado, dando a conocer diferentes estrategias y productos de comercialización, permitiendo a las economías tener una información más clara de lo que se ha logrado y lo que se espera conseguir con modelos de internacionalización. Se encontraron también diferentes hallazgos significativos en cuanto al empleo, la inversión, el comercio, la tecnología y los impactos ambientales que ha generado este sector papelero dentro del país colombiano, verán diferentes gráficas que resumen una ardua investigación dentro de cada sub-partida arancelaria seleccionada. En el primer capítulo encontraran una descripción del sector, la historia del papel y cartón, sus procesos productivos dentro de las fábricas y el uso de la tecnología en la era de las comunicaciones. En el segundo capítulo se identifica el comportamiento del papel antes y después del acuerdo con Estados Unidos y en la última parte de este proyecto se definen cuáles son las conclusiones y las recomendaciones., This project is focused on the analysis and evolution of the manufacturing sector of paper and cardboard products in Colombia within the commercial agreement with the United States. Identify how its national and international behavior has been since it is one of the economic sectors negotiated and signed in 2012 with this world power and identify what opportunities have occurred since then. Reliable databases and statistics were worked on to help us find the market share, revealing different marketing strategies and products, allowing economies to have clearer information on what has been achieved and what it is hoped to achieve with internationalization models. Different significant findings were also found in terms of employment, investment, trade, technology and the environmental impacts that this paper sector has generated within the Colombian country, you will see different graphs that summarize an arduous investigation within each selected tariff sub-heading . In the first chapter you will find a description of the sector, the history of paper and cardboard, its production processes within factories and the use of technology in the age of communications. In the second chapter, the behavior of the role before and after the agreement with the United States is identified, and in the last part of this project, the conclusions and recommendations are defined.

La internacionalización ha llevado a las empresas a establecer vínculos con otros países y/o otras empresas, con el fin de expandir sus productos o servicios para competir en el mundo globalizado; este trabajo se enfocó en el sector textil, particularmente las confecciones y el caso Permoda LTDA en donde se identificó la ruta de internacionalización y el protagonismo que tuvo el posicionamiento de esta en el mercado internacional. Para esto, se estudiaron tres perspectivas de internacionalización: económica, de procesos y redes, las cuales explican los procesos que siguen las empresas para expandirse a diferentes partes del mundo de acuerdo con su propósito y tipo de producto. También se realizó un análisis sobre el compartimiento histórico de la industria textil tanto en Colombia como a nivel global, identificando los patrones y tendencias que tienen las empresas del sector en comparación con la empresa a analizar. Lo anterior permitió definir las estrategias utilizadas por Permoda LTDA y sugerir mejoras que favorezcan su posicionamiento en el exterior., Internationalization has led companies to establish relationships with other countries and other companies in order to expand their products or services to compete in the globalized world. This study focused on the textile sector, in particular clothing and the case of Permoda LTDA, where the internationalization route and the leadership role that the position of this company had in the international market were identified. For this, three perspectives of internationalization were studied: economic, processes and networks; that explain the processes that companies follow to reach different parts of the world according to their purpose and type of product. Likewise, an analysis was carried out on the history of the textile industry both in Colombia and worldwide, identifying the patterns and trends that companies in the sector have, compared to the company to be analyzed. This allowed us to define the strategies used by Permoda LTDA and suggest improvements that benefit its positioning abroad.

Globalization has opened up new markets. Companies have now endless opportunities to expand their business reachwith sportsclubs being no exception. Internationalization in sports has its beginnings with foreign players joining a team and changed in 1995 with the Bosman ruling. After the Bosman ruling, the transfer of international players became easier. Not only can one notice the internationalization of sports teams by the transfer of players but also by the expansion of the sports itself. The NFL plays home games in London, the NBA in Mexico City and FC Bayern Munich has opened subsidiaries in the US and China. Yet, this all seems like the whole sports industry is expanding. However, the influences behind this drive are unclear. The purpose of this thesis is to gain an understanding of internationalization in the sports industry. As the current literature indicates several gaps regarding the internationalization of sports clubs such as the limited view on one sport at the time or the data usage of clubs in their internationalization process, this thesis focuses on offering a broaderpicture. Therefore, the research question formulated for this thesis is:What influences the internationalization in the sports industry?For answering the research questions and fulfill the purpose of this thesis, an inductive approach was selected with a qualitative exploratory research study. By mixing the pur-posive and self-selected sampling, six semi-structured interviews were conductedamong different sports clubs. The findings indicate that there are several different influences in the internationalization process of sports clubs. Leagues and their ambitions are one direct influence. Here, the leagues statutes seem to be guidelines forthe clubs and their perspec-tives on growing. Another influence are the market conditions, where one can distinguish between the home market and foreign market conditions. There are some markets that do not allow much for further grow, as another spo

El presente proyecto es un análisis del proceso de internacionalización empleado por Tecnoquímicas y Laboratorios Pharmetique, empresas dedicadas a la fabricación, distribución y comercialización de productos farmacéuticos las cuales han logrado posicionarse tanto en el mercado nacional como internacional gracias al uso de estrategias y modelos de internacionalización lo cual permite caracterizar a estas empresas como casos de un proceso exitoso. Para lograr culminar la investigación se recopilo la información precisa para analizar aquellos puntos claves que le permitieron a Tecnoquímicas internacionalizarse; siendo así, el documento se encuentra desarrollado en primer lugar por el marco teórico que contempla las teorías de internacionalización desde la perspectiva económica, del proceso y de redes. En segundo lugar, se encuentra el marco macroeconómico y microeconómico de la industria farmacéutica seguido del contexto histórico de las empresas para finalmente lograr la relación de las teorías de internacionalización con la estrategia y modo de entrada empleada por Tecnoquímicas y Pharmetique., The presented project is an analysis of the internationalization process employed by Tecnoquímicas and laboratories La Santé, companies engaged in the manufacture, distribution and marketing of pharmaceutical products which have managed to position themselves both in the national and international markets through the use of strategies and models of internationalization which allows to characterize these companies as a case of a successful process. To achieve complete research accurate information is compiled to analyze those key points that enabled him to Tecnoquímicas internationalize. Thus, the document is developed first by the theoretical framework that contemplates the theories of internationalization from the economic perspective, the process and networks. Second, is the macroeconomic and microeconomic framework of the pharmaceutical industry followed by the historical context of the companies to finally achieve the relationship of theories of internationalization strategy and employee input mode by Tecnoquímicas and La Santé.

El presente proyecto es un análisis del proceso de internacionalización empleado por Tecnoquímicas y Laboratorios Pharmetique, empresas dedicadas a la fabricación, distribución y comercialización de productos farmacéuticos las cuales han logrado posicionarse tanto en el mercado nacional como internacional gracias al uso de estrategias y modelos de internacionalización lo cual permite caracterizar a estas empresas como casos de un proceso exitoso. Para lograr culminar la investigación se recopilo la información precisa para analizar aquellos puntos claves que le permitieron a Tecnoquímicas internacionalizarse; siendo así, el documento se encuentra desarrollado en primer lugar por el marco teórico que contempla las teorías de internacionalización desde la perspectiva económica, del proceso y de redes. En segundo lugar, se encuentra el marco macroeconómico y microeconómico de la industria farmacéutica seguido del contexto histórico de las empresas para finalmente lograr la relación de las teorías de internacionalización con la estrategia y modo de entrada empleada por Tecnoquímicas y Pharmetique., The presented project is an analysis of the internationalization process employed by Tecnoquímicas and laboratories La Santé, companies engaged in the manufacture, distribution and marketing of pharmaceutical products which have managed to position themselves both in the national and international markets through the use of strategies and models of internationalization which allows to characterize these companies as a case of a successful process. To achieve complete research accurate information is compiled to analyze those key points that enabled him to Tecnoquímicas internationalize. Thus, the document is developed first by the theoretical framework that contemplates the theories of internationalization from the economic perspective, the process and networks. Second, is the macroeconomic and microeconomic framework of the pharmaceutical industry followed by the historical context of the companies to finally achieve the relationship of theories of internationalization strategy and employee input mode by Tecnoquímicas and La Santé.

В статье предпринята попытка концептуализации и анализа теоретических моделей интернационализации образования, характерных для ряда стран Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона (АТР). Применяются методы сравнительного и ситуационного анализа. Предложенная автором классификация моделей интернационализации основывается на выявлении общих и специфических черт национальных реформ высшей школы, а также стратегических ориентиров указанных государств на мировой арене. Охарактеризованные национальные практики в сфере интернационализации образования дают представление о достоинствах/недостатках выделенных моделей, позволяют определить место и дальнейшую траекторию России на пути реализации эффективной образовательной политики на азиатско-тихоокеанском направлении., In this article, the author conceptualizes and analyzes the theoretical education of internationalization models, typical for a number of Asia-Pacific countries. The author applies the methods of comparative analysis and case study. The proposed classifi cation of internationalization models is based on the identifi cation of the specific features in national reforms of higher education as well as the strategic goals of these states in the world. Describing national practices in education internationalization allows to defi ne the advantages and disadvantages of the models, and to suggest the further steps of Russia on the way to effective educational policy in the Asia-Pacific direction.

Hoy en día la internacionalización de las pymes del sector software es una meta estratégica, establecida como una política de Estado en los últimos 11 años impulsada por el gobierno colombiano, debido a la perspectiva mundial esta industria es considerada un “Sector de Clase Mundial”, sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos no son los mínimos proyectados. Se ha identificado algunas barreras que no permiten el despegue de la industria de manera competitiva, estas son: la falta de estructura organizativa de la pymes, deficientes procesos e inadecuado servicio al cliente, falta de alianzas estrategicas y asociatividad, nula inversión en investigación, desarrollo e innovación.

Hoy en día la internacionalización de las pymes del sector software es una meta estratégica, establecida como una política de Estado en los últimos 11 años impulsada por el gobierno colombiano, debido a la perspectiva mundial esta industria es considerada un “Sector de Clase Mundial”, sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos no son los mínimos proyectados. Se ha identificado algunas barreras que no permiten el despegue de la industria de manera competitiva, estas son: la falta de estructura organizativa de la pymes, deficientes procesos e inadecuado servicio al cliente, falta de alianzas estrategicas y asociatividad, nula inversión en investigación, desarrollo e innovación.

Hoy en día la internacionalización de las pymes del sector software es una meta estratégica, establecida como una política de Estado en los últimos 11 años impulsada por el gobierno colombiano, debido a la perspectiva mundial esta industria es considerada un “Sector de Clase Mundial”, sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos no son los mínimos proyectados. Se ha identificado algunas barreras que no permiten el despegue de la industria de manera competitiva, estas son: la falta de estructura organizativa de la pymes, deficientes procesos e inadecuado servicio al cliente, falta de alianzas estrategicas y asociatividad, nula inversión en investigación, desarrollo e innovación.

Hoy en día la internacionalización de las pymes del sector software es una meta estratégica, establecida como una política de Estado en los últimos 11 años impulsada por el gobierno colombiano, debido a la perspectiva mundial esta industria es considerada un “Sector de Clase Mundial”, sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos no son los mínimos proyectados. Se ha identificado algunas barreras que no permiten el despegue de la industria de manera competitiva, estas son: la falta de estructura organizativa de la pymes, deficientes procesos e inadecuado servicio al cliente, falta de alianzas estrategicas y asociatividad, nula inversión en investigación, desarrollo e innovación.

Hoy en día la internacionalización de las pymes del sector software es una meta estratégica, establecida como una política de Estado en los últimos 11 años impulsada por el gobierno colombiano, debido a la perspectiva mundial esta industria es considerada un “Sector de Clase Mundial”, sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos no son los mínimos proyectados. Se ha identificado algunas barreras que no permiten el despegue de la industria de manera competitiva, estas son: la falta de estructura organizativa de la pymes, deficientes procesos e inadecuado servicio al cliente, falta de alianzas estrategicas y asociatividad, nula inversión en investigación, desarrollo e innovación.

The aim of the investigation is to show possible variants of audit in the higher educational institution while processes of internationalisation (procedures of definition of its level); to find out an estimation method of the received results in the given sphere. Methods. The methods involve comparative analysis, synthesis, range and systematization of information concerning the discussed problem. Results and scientific novelty. The necessity of universities participating in internationalization processes is proved. Existing approaches to internationalization evaluation levels are reviewed, as well as best practices for each criterion. Level indicators of considered process are proposed due to summarising the results of the given review, and also as a result of the coordination of criteria NAFSA and authors’ system of indicators: international programs supporting by a university administration, curricular changes, faculty involving into international research, faculty involving into teaching process, students participation, abroad study support, international students and teachers support. The research demonstrates that to improve the adequacy the system of indicators has to be supplemented with some indicators to evaluate the conformity of a university’s internationalization to its mission; the conformity of a university’s internationalization to the government geopolitics; extracurricular activities of students; cultural aspects of internationalization including communication with local ethnical groups; attractiongetting mechanisms for international students. Practical significance. The proposed system of indicators can be used for an estimation of high school development in internationalisation sphere, and under certain correction and improvement for efficiency definition of development of its academic divisions in the given field, Цели статьи – показать возможные варианты аудита в высшем образовательном учреждении процессов интернационализации (процедур определения ее уровня) и решить проблему выбора способа оценки полученных результатов в данной сфере. Методы. Сравнительный анализ; синтез; систематизация материалов относительно обсуждаемой проблемы. Результаты и научная новизна. Обоснована необходимость участия вузов в процессах интернационализации. Представлен обзор существующих подходов к интернационализации вузовского пространства и лучших практик ее осуществления и оценки. По итогам данного обзора, а также в результате согласования критериев NAFSA и авторской системы показателей отобраны индикаторы рассматриваемого процесса: поддержка программы администрацией вуза, изменения учебных планов, вовлеченность преподавательского состава в международные научные исследования, вовлеченность преподавательского состава в процесс преподавания, участие студентов, поддержка обучения за рубежом, поддержка иностранных студентов и преподавателей. В ходе предпринятого исследования выявлено, что для повышения адекватности система индикаторов должна быть дополнена показателями, оценивающими соответствие интернационализации университета его миссии и геополитике государства; внеучебную студенческую жизнь в университете; культурологические аспекты этого процесса; механизмы привлечения иностранных студентов. Практическая значимость. Разработанная система показателей может быть использована для оценки развития вуза в сфере интернационализации, а при определенной коррекции и для определения эффективности развития его академических подразделений в данном поле деятельности

In our master thesis “Fashionable strategies” we analyze the internationalization processof small and medium sized Nordic Fashion companies. In our study we conducted aquantitative survey and qualitative in-depths interviews to shed light on the topic. We usehereby an iterative research strategy through the triangulation analysis method as researchapproach. The combination of methodologies and perspectives allowed us to analyze ourtheoretical framework and the research questions in a favorable manner. The researchquestions we aim to investigate in our study were the following:· What are the reasons for the small and medium sized Nordic fashion companies wheninternationalizing, and what are the strategies the companies use hereby?· What influences the small and medium sized Nordic fashion companies in their choiceof strategy and market to enter?· Which barriers of entry and problems do the small and medium sized Nordic fashioncompanies see as critical in their internationalization process and how do theyovercome these issues?In the research we especially took a look at the following areas that we found mainlyimportant for fashion companies in their internationalization process: The reasons forexpanding, the choice of market, the entry modes that are used and barriers and problemsthat occur in the process. We take a view on the theoretical models of the Uppsala Model,Helsinki model, Revised Uppsala model and Born-Global Theory to explain the strategiesbehind the small and medium sized Nordic fashion companies.We see that the growth of the company and the profit increase are the main reasons for theNordic fashion companies when expanding their business. The entry modes used by thecompanies are agents and distributors, and when choosing the markets the fashioncompanies are contact-driven and focusing first on markets that have a rather smallerdistance to their own domestic market. The problems the companies have to overcome arecosts of entry, cash-flow and invoice payme

In our master thesis “Fashionable strategies” we analyze the internationalization processof small and medium sized Nordic Fashion companies. In our study we conducted aquantitative survey and qualitative in-depths interviews to shed light on the topic. We usehereby an iterative research strategy through the triangulation analysis method as researchapproach. The combination of methodologies and perspectives allowed us to analyze ourtheoretical framework and the research questions in a favorable manner. The researchquestions we aim to investigate in our study were the following:· What are the reasons for the small and medium sized Nordic fashion companies wheninternationalizing, and what are the strategies the companies use hereby?· What influences the small and medium sized Nordic fashion companies in their choiceof strategy and market to enter?· Which barriers of entry and problems do the small and medium sized Nordic fashioncompanies see as critical in their internationalization process and how do theyovercome these issues?In the research we especially took a look at the following areas that we found mainlyimportant for fashion companies in their internationalization process: The reasons forexpanding, the choice of market, the entry modes that are used and barriers and problemsthat occur in the process. We take a view on the theoretical models of the Uppsala Model,Helsinki model, Revised Uppsala model and Born-Global Theory to explain the strategiesbehind the small and medium sized Nordic fashion companies.We see that the growth of the company and the profit increase are the main reasons for theNordic fashion companies when expanding their business. The entry modes used by thecompanies are agents and distributors, and when choosing the markets the fashioncompanies are contact-driven and focusing first on markets that have a rather smallerdistance to their own domestic market. The problems the companies have to overcome arecosts of entry, cash-flow and invoice payme

The 21st century would be a nightmare for Don Quijote: thousands of windmills are installed all over the globe and the number will increase tremendously over the next years. If climate change was an issue in the early 17th century, Don Quijote might have specialized in fighting nuclear or fossil fuel power plants. The change in power production is clearly pronounced, and it inspires the market to respond immediately. Numerous wind turbine manufacturers emerge, developing one technological innovation after another. The trend clearly goes in one direction: horizontal axis wind turbines in all possible variations. However, there are a few companies that do not follow the mainstream – they swim against the current and introduce new concepts, with the potential to set new standards in the industry. Nevertheless, the question whether these companies can establish operations and survive in an industry dominated by large multinational corporations arises. If these companies want to become recognized, they need to compete on an international scale from the outset – they become born globals. This master’s thesis investigates the preconditions under which an innovative start-up company can become born global in the wind turbine industry. For that, distinctive resources and capabilities of such companies, as well as key success factors for the industry are defined. Furthermore, enhancing or restricting parameters lying within company’s environment – in particular, within its networks – are discovered. These findings are based on and supported by the case study of an innovative vertical axis wind turbine manufacturer. In addition, the influence of this company’s university spin-off origin is investigated.

The 21st century would be a nightmare for Don Quijote: thousands of windmills are installed all over the globe and the number will increase tremendously over the next years. If climate change was an issue in the early 17th century, Don Quijote might have specialized in fighting nuclear or fossil fuel power plants. The change in power production is clearly pronounced, and it inspires the market to respond immediately. Numerous wind turbine manufacturers emerge, developing one technological innovation after another. The trend clearly goes in one direction: horizontal axis wind turbines in all possible variations. However, there are a few companies that do not follow the mainstream – they swim against the current and introduce new concepts, with the potential to set new standards in the industry. Nevertheless, the question whether these companies can establish operations and survive in an industry dominated by large multinational corporations arises. If these companies want to become recognized, they need to compete on an international scale from the outset – they become born globals. This master’s thesis investigates the preconditions under which an innovative start-up company can become born global in the wind turbine industry. For that, distinctive resources and capabilities of such companies, as well as key success factors for the industry are defined. Furthermore, enhancing or restricting parameters lying within company’s environment – in particular, within its networks – are discovered. These findings are based on and supported by the case study of an innovative vertical axis wind turbine manufacturer. In addition, the influence of this company’s university spin-off origin is investigated.