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1. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Afd Pharmacology, AISS Behaviour Neuroscience, dASS BW-1, Sub Cell Biology, Pharmacology, Celbiologie, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, Afd Pharmacology, AISS Behaviour Neuroscience, dASS BW-1, Sub Cell Biology, Pharmacology, Celbiologie, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Published
2021

2. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Homberg, Judith R, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, Homberg, Judith R, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Abstract

Policymakers aim to move toward animal-free alternatives for scientific research and have introduced very strict regulations for animal research. We argue that, for neuroscience research, until viable and translational alternatives become available and the value of these alternatives has been proven, the use of animals should not be compromised.

Published
2021

3. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Abstract

Policymakers aim to move toward animal-free alternatives for scientific research and have introduced very strict regulations for animal research. We argue that, for neuroscience research, until viable and translational alternatives become available and the value of these alternatives has been proven, the use of animals should not be compromised.

Published
2021
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4. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Abstract

Policymakers aim to move toward animal-free alternatives for scientific research and have introduced very strict regulations for animal research. We argue that, for neuroscience research, until viable and translational alternatives become available and the value of these alternatives has been proven, the use of animals should not be compromised.

Published
2021

5. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Afd Pharmacology, AISS Behaviour Neuroscience, dASS BW-1, Sub Cell Biology, Pharmacology, Celbiologie, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, Afd Pharmacology, AISS Behaviour Neuroscience, dASS BW-1, Sub Cell Biology, Pharmacology, Celbiologie, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Published
2021

6. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Afd Pharmacology, AISS Behaviour Neuroscience, dASS BW-1, Sub Cell Biology, Pharmacology, Celbiologie, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, Afd Pharmacology, AISS Behaviour Neuroscience, dASS BW-1, Sub Cell Biology, Pharmacology, Celbiologie, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Published
2021

7. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Abstract

Policymakers aim to move toward animal-free alternatives for scientific research and have introduced very strict regulations for animal research. We argue that, for neuroscience research, until viable and translational alternatives become available and the value of these alternatives has been proven, the use of animals should not be compromised.

Published
2021

8. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Abstract

Policymakers aim to move toward animal-free alternatives for scientific research and have introduced very strict regulations for animal research. We argue that, for neuroscience research, until viable and translational alternatives become available and the value of these alternatives has been proven, the use of animals should not be compromised.

Published
2021

9. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Abstract

Policymakers aim to move toward animal-free alternatives for scientific research and have introduced very strict regulations for animal research. We argue that, for neuroscience research, until viable and translational alternatives become available and the value of these alternatives has been proven, the use of animals should not be compromised.

Published
2021
Full Text
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10. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

Homberg, Judith R., Adan, Roger A. H., Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P., Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E., van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L. M., Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P., van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J. A. G., Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A., Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J., Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J., Kolk, Sharon M., Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S. Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A., Leech, Kirk, Leech, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J., Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S., Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F., Meye, Frank J., Mitchell, Anna S., Mul, Joram D., Olcese, Umberto, Gonzalez, Azahara Oliva, Oliver, Jocelien D. A., Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, CyrielM. A., Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M., Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benn, Rossato, Janine I., Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G., Smit, August B., Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P., V. Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J., Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Woehr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A., Genzel, Lisa, Vanderschuren, Louk J. M. J., Homberg, Judith R., Adan, Roger A. H., Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P., Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E., van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L. M., Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P., van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J. A. G., Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A., Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J., Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J., Kolk, Sharon M., Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S. Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A., Leech, Kirk, Leech, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J., Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S., Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F., Meye, Frank J., Mitchell, Anna S., Mul, Joram D., Olcese, Umberto, Gonzalez, Azahara Oliva, Oliver, Jocelien D. A., Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, CyrielM. A., Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M., Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benn, Rossato, Janine I., Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G., Smit, August B., Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P., V. Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J., Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Woehr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A., Genzel, Lisa, and Vanderschuren, Louk J. M. J.

Abstract

C Policymakers aim to move toward animal-free alternatives for scientific research and have introduced very strict regulations for animal research. We argue that, for neuroscience research, until viable and translational alternatives become available and the value of these alternatives has been proven, the use of animals should not be compromised.

Published
2021

11. The continued need for animals to advance brain research

Author

TN groep Adan, Brain, TN groep Meye, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, Genzel, Lisa, TN groep Adan, Brain, TN groep Meye, Homberg, Judith R, Adan, Roger A H, Alenina, Natalia, Asiminas, Antonis, Bader, Michael, Beckers, Tom, Begg, Denovan P, Blokland, Arjan, Burger, Marilise E, van Dijk, Gertjan, Eisel, Ulrich L M, Elgersma, Ype, Englitz, Bernhard, Fernandez-Ruiz, Antonio, Fitzsimons, Carlos P, van Dam, Anne-Marie, Gass, Peter, Grandjean, Joanes, Havekes, Robbert, Henckens, Marloes J A G, Herden, Christiane, Hut, Roelof A, Jarrett, Wendy, Jeffrey, Kate, Jezova, Daniela, Kalsbeek, Andries, Kamermans, Maarten, Kas, Martien J, Kasri, Nael Nadif, Kiliaan, Amanda J, Kolk, Sharon M, Korosi, Aniko, Korte, S Mechiel, Kozicz, Tamas, Kushner, Steven A, Leech, Kirk, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lesscher, Heidi, Lucassen, Paul J, Luthi, Anita, Ma, Liya, Mallien, Anne S, Meerlo, Peter, Mejias, Jorge F, Meye, Frank J, Mitchell, Anna S, Mul, Joram D, Olcese, Umberto, González, Azahara Oliva, Olivier, Jocelien D A, Pasqualetti, Massimo, Pennartz, Cyriel M A, Popik, Piotr, Prickaerts, Jos, de la Prida, Liset M, Ribeiro, Sidarta, Roozendaal, Benno, Rossato, Janine I, Salari, Ali-Akbar, Schoemaker, Regien G, Smit, August B, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Takeuchi, Tomonori, van der Veen, Rixt, Smidt, Marten P, Vyazovskiy, Vladyslav V, Wiesmann, Maximilian, Wierenga, Corette J, Williams, Bella, Willuhn, Ingo, Wöhr, Markus, Wolvekamp, Monique, van der Zee, Eddy A, and Genzel, Lisa

Published
2021

12. The Forty-Sixth Euro Congress on Drug Synthesis and Analysis: Snapshot

Author

Mucaji, Pavel, Mucaji, Pavel, Atanasov, Atanas G., Bak, Andrzej, Kozik, Violetta, Sieron, Karolina, Olsen, Mark, Pan, Weidong, Liu, Yazhou, Hu, Shengchao, Lan, Junjie, Haider, Norbert, Musiol, Robert, Vanco, Jan, Diederich, Marc, Ji, Seungwon, Zitko, Jan, Wang, Dongdong, Agbaba, Danica, Nikolić, Katarina, Oljačić, Slavica, Vučićević, Jelica, Jezova, Daniela, Tsantili-Kakoulidou, Anna, Tsopelas, Fotios, Giaginis, Constantinos, Kowalska, Teresa, Sajewicz, Mieczyslaw, Silberring, Jerzy, Mielczarek, Przemyslaw, Smoluch, Marek, Jendrzejewska, Izabela, Polanski, Jaroslaw, Jampilek, Josef, Mucaji, Pavel, Mucaji, Pavel, Atanasov, Atanas G., Bak, Andrzej, Kozik, Violetta, Sieron, Karolina, Olsen, Mark, Pan, Weidong, Liu, Yazhou, Hu, Shengchao, Lan, Junjie, Haider, Norbert, Musiol, Robert, Vanco, Jan, Diederich, Marc, Ji, Seungwon, Zitko, Jan, Wang, Dongdong, Agbaba, Danica, Nikolić, Katarina, Oljačić, Slavica, Vučićević, Jelica, Jezova, Daniela, Tsantili-Kakoulidou, Anna, Tsopelas, Fotios, Giaginis, Constantinos, Kowalska, Teresa, Sajewicz, Mieczyslaw, Silberring, Jerzy, Mielczarek, Przemyslaw, Smoluch, Marek, Jendrzejewska, Izabela, Polanski, Jaroslaw, and Jampilek, Josef

Abstract

The 46th EuroCongress on Drug Synthesis and Analysis (ECDSA-2017) was arranged within the celebration of the 65th Anniversary of the Faculty of Pharmacy at Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia from 5-8 September 2017 to get together specialists in medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis, pharmaceutical analysis, screening of bioactive compounds, pharmacology and drug formulations; promote the exchange of scientific results, methods and ideas; and encourage cooperation between researchers from all over the world. The topic of the conference, Drug Synthesis and Analysis, meant that the symposium welcomed all pharmacists and/or researchers (chemists, analysts, biologists) and students interested in scientific work dealing with investigations of biologically active compounds as potential drugs. The authors of this manuscript were plenary speakers and other participants of the symposium and members of their research teams. The following summary highlights the major points/topics of the meeting.

Published
2017

13. Does mental arithmetic before head up tilt have an effect on the orthostatic cardiovascular and hormonal responses?

Author

Goswami, Nandu, Lackner, Helmut Karl, Papousek, Ilona, Montani, Jean-Pierre, Jezova, Daniela, Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut G., Goswami, Nandu, Lackner, Helmut Karl, Papousek, Ilona, Montani, Jean-Pierre, Jezova, Daniela, and Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut G.

Abstract

Passive head up tilt (HUT) and mental arithmetic (MA) are commonly used for providing mental and orthostatic challenges, respectively. In animal experiments, even a single exposure to a stressor has been shown to modify the response to subsequent stress stimulus. We investigated whether MA applied before HUT elicits synergistic responses in orthostatic heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), heart rate variability and arterial blood pressure. The 15 healthy young males were subjected to two randomized protocols: (a) HUT and (b) HUT preceded by MA, with sessions randomized and ≥2 weeks apart. Beat to beat continuous hemodynamic variables were measured and saliva samples taken for hormonal assay. HUT alone increased HR from 59±7 (baseline) to 80±10 bpm (mean±SD) and mean blood pressure (MBP) from 88±10 to 91±14 mmHg. HUT results after MA were not different from those with HUT alone. The activity of alpha amylase showed differences during the experiments irrespective of the protocols. We conclude that mental challenge does not affect orthostatic cardiovascular responses when applied before; the timing of mental loading seems to be critical if it is intended to alter cardiovascular responses to upright standing.

Published
2011

14. Rate of cardiovascular recovery to combined or separate orthostatic and mental challenges

Author

Goswami, Nandu, Lackner, Helmut Karl, Papousek, Ilona, Jezova, Daniela, Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut, Montani, Jean-Pierre, Goswami, Nandu, Lackner, Helmut Karl, Papousek, Ilona, Jezova, Daniela, Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut, and Montani, Jean-Pierre

Abstract

Post stress neurovascular responses induced by physical and mental stress are poorly understood. We investigated the time course of cardiovascular and autonomic recovery, induced by orthostatic and mental challenge, using passive head up tilt (HUT) and mental arithmetic (MA), respectively, when applied singly (MA, HUT) or in combination (MA + HUT). Fifteen healthy males participated in three protocols: HUT, MA and combined MA + HUT, with sessions randomized and 2 weeks apart. Post stress responses were studied in the first 10 min (early; cardiovascular only) and 30 min (late), in 2.5 min epochs. A detailed analysis of early period was done in 30 s epochs. Within the first 2.5 min recovery, time courses of heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output differed significantly, particularly when comparing HUT vs. MA and MA + HUT vs. MA. Additionally, heart rate response differed in HUT vs. MA + HUT. No differences in hemodynamic recovery were seen during the next 2.5 min. Late responses of heart rate and cardiac output showed significantly lower values as compared to baseline, especially for HUT and MA + HUT. Recovery of hemodynamic responses, either due to single or combined stress challenges, showed stressor- and time-dependent patterns. Our data provide useful information regarding why longer recovery periods must be assessed and provide novel insights regarding recovery of physical and mental stressors. This may have clinical implications in the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension or myocardial ischemia.

Published
2010

15. Interaction of mental and orthostatic stressors

Author

Goswami, Nandu, Lackner, Helmut K., Papousek, Ilona, Jezova, Daniela, Montani, Jean-Pierre, Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut G., Goswami, Nandu, Lackner, Helmut K., Papousek, Ilona, Jezova, Daniela, Montani, Jean-Pierre, and Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut G.

Abstract

We assessed hemodynamic responses induced by orthostatic and mental stressors, using passive head up tilt (HUT) and mental arithmetic (MA), respectively. The 15 healthy males underwent three protocols: (1) HUT alone, (2) MA in supine position and (3) MA+HUT, with sessions randomized and ≥2 weeks apart. In relation to baseline, HUT increased heart rate (HR) (+20.4±7.1 bpm; p<0.001), mean blood pressure (MBP) (+4.7±11.3 mmHg; p<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (+6.1±11.6 mmHg; p<0.05) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) (+155±232 dyne*s/cm⁵; p<0.001) but decreased stroke volume (SV) (−33.1±13.4 ml; p<0.001) and cardiac output (CO) (−0.6±1.0 l/min; p<0.01). MA increased HR (+8.0±6.0 bpm; p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (+9.0±7.7 mmHg; p<0.001), MBP (+10.0±6.5 mmHg; p<0.001), DBP (+9.5±7.2 mmHg; p<0.001) and CO (+0.6±0.8 l/min; p<0.01). MA+HUT increased HR (+28.8±8.4 bpm; p<0.001), SBP (+4.6±14.3 mmHg; p<0.05), MBP (+11.2±11.6 mmHg; p<0.001), DBP (+13.5±10.1 mmHg; p<0.001) and TPR (+160±199 dyne*s/cm⁵; p<0.001) but SV (−34.5±14.6 ml; p<0.001) decreased. Mental challenge during orthostatic challenge elicited greater increases in heart rate, despite similar reductions in stroke volume such as those during orthostatic stress alone. Overall, cardiac output decreases were less with combinations of mental and orthostatic challenges in comparison to orthostasis alone. This would suggest that carefully chosen mental stressors might affect orthostatic responses of people on standing up. Therefore, additional mental loading could be a useful countermeasure to alleviate the orthostatic responses of persons, particularly in those with histories of dizziness on standing up or on return to earth from the spaceflight environment of microgravity.

Published
2010

16. Time course of cardiovascular responses induced by mental and orthostatic challenges

Author

Lackner, Helmut Karl, Goswami, Nandu, Papousek, Ilona, Roessler, Andreas, Grasser, Erik Konrad, Montani, Jean-Pierre, Jezova, Daniela, Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut, Lackner, Helmut Karl, Goswami, Nandu, Papousek, Ilona, Roessler, Andreas, Grasser, Erik Konrad, Montani, Jean-Pierre, Jezova, Daniela, and Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut

Abstract

Cardiovascular responses to single stressors diminish over time. Interaction of different stressors influencing hemodynamic variables, indicative of stress-induced reactivity and physiological responses are, however, poorly understood. We investigated time course of mental (using mental arithmetic, MA) and orthostatic (using head up tilt, HUT) challenges induced responses in 16 males. Three protocols were used: HUT, MA and MA + HUT, with sessions randomized and two weeks apart. Hemodynamic responses were compared for 30 s epochs of stress application (stressT1, stressT2…). Compared to baseline, HUT, HUT + MA and MA applications affected heart rate (HR) (+ 15.1 ± 8.0 bpm, + 20.0 ± 9.2 bpm, + 11.9 ± 7.2 bpm, all p's < .001, respectively) and stroke volume (SV) (− 22.3 ± 8.1 ml, − 22.0 ± 10.4 ml, − 7.6 ± 8.7 ml, all p's < .001, respectively). HUT and MA + HUT induced HR increases were higher in stressT2 compared to stressT1 (p < .05) and reached maximum at stressT2. HUT and MA + HUT further reduced SV in stressT2 as compared to stressT1 (p < .001); lowest SV was in stressT2. Mean arterial pressure reached its minimum in stressT1 during HUT and MA + HUT (− 6.0 ± 8.5 mm Hg, p < .001, − 4.4 ± 9.7 mm Hg, p < .01, respectively) but increased in MA (+ 4.3 ± 3.7 mm Hg, p < .01). Combination of MA + HUT resulted in different time courses of blood pressure responses as compared to HUT alone. We conclude that application of single or combined stress challenges lead to stressor- and time dependent-initial changes in cardiovascular responses. Our findings provide novel insights regarding the duration a stressor must be applied to elicit maximal cardiovascular responses.

Published
2010

17. Does mental arithmetic before head up tilt have an effect on the orthostatic cardiovascular and hormonal responses?

Author

Goswami, Nandu, Lackner, Helmut Karl, Papousek, Ilona, Montani, Jean-Pierre, Jezova, Daniela, Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut G., Goswami, Nandu, Lackner, Helmut Karl, Papousek, Ilona, Montani, Jean-Pierre, Jezova, Daniela, and Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut G.

Abstract

Passive head up tilt (HUT) and mental arithmetic (MA) are commonly used for providing mental and orthostatic challenges, respectively. In animal experiments, even a single exposure to a stressor has been shown to modify the response to subsequent stress stimulus. We investigated whether MA applied before HUT elicits synergistic responses in orthostatic heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), heart rate variability and arterial blood pressure. The 15 healthy young males were subjected to two randomized protocols: (a) HUT and (b) HUT preceded by MA, with sessions randomized and ≥2 weeks apart. Beat to beat continuous hemodynamic variables were measured and saliva samples taken for hormonal assay. HUT alone increased HR from 59±7 (baseline) to 80±10 bpm (mean±SD) and mean blood pressure (MBP) from 88±10 to 91±14 mmHg. HUT results after MA were not different from those with HUT alone. The activity of alpha amylase showed differences during the experiments irrespective of the protocols. We conclude that mental challenge does not affect orthostatic cardiovascular responses when applied before; the timing of mental loading seems to be critical if it is intended to alter cardiovascular responses to upright standing.

18. Interaction of mental and orthostatic stressors

Author

Goswami, Nandu, Lackner, Helmut K., Papousek, Ilona, Jezova, Daniela, Montani, Jean-Pierre, Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut G., Goswami, Nandu, Lackner, Helmut K., Papousek, Ilona, Jezova, Daniela, Montani, Jean-Pierre, and Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut G.

Abstract

We assessed hemodynamic responses induced by orthostatic and mental stressors, using passive head up tilt (HUT) and mental arithmetic (MA), respectively. The 15 healthy males underwent three protocols: (1) HUT alone, (2) MA in supine position and (3) MA+HUT, with sessions randomized and ≥2 weeks apart. In relation to baseline, HUT increased heart rate (HR) (+20.4±7.1 bpm; p<0.001), mean blood pressure (MBP) (+4.7±11.3 mmHg; p<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (+6.1±11.6 mmHg; p<0.05) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) (+155±232 dyne*s/cm⁵; p<0.001) but decreased stroke volume (SV) (−33.1±13.4 ml; p<0.001) and cardiac output (CO) (−0.6±1.0 l/min; p<0.01). MA increased HR (+8.0±6.0 bpm; p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (+9.0±7.7 mmHg; p<0.001), MBP (+10.0±6.5 mmHg; p<0.001), DBP (+9.5±7.2 mmHg; p<0.001) and CO (+0.6±0.8 l/min; p<0.01). MA+HUT increased HR (+28.8±8.4 bpm; p<0.001), SBP (+4.6±14.3 mmHg; p<0.05), MBP (+11.2±11.6 mmHg; p<0.001), DBP (+13.5±10.1 mmHg; p<0.001) and TPR (+160±199 dyne*s/cm⁵; p<0.001) but SV (−34.5±14.6 ml; p<0.001) decreased. Mental challenge during orthostatic challenge elicited greater increases in heart rate, despite similar reductions in stroke volume such as those during orthostatic stress alone. Overall, cardiac output decreases were less with combinations of mental and orthostatic challenges in comparison to orthostasis alone. This would suggest that carefully chosen mental stressors might affect orthostatic responses of people on standing up. Therefore, additional mental loading could be a useful countermeasure to alleviate the orthostatic responses of persons, particularly in those with histories of dizziness on standing up or on return to earth from the spaceflight environment of microgravity.

19. Rate of cardiovascular recovery to combined or separate orthostatic and mental challenges

Author

Goswami, Nandu, Lackner, Helmut Karl, Papousek, Ilona, Jezova, Daniela, Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut, Montani, Jean-Pierre, Goswami, Nandu, Lackner, Helmut Karl, Papousek, Ilona, Jezova, Daniela, Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut, and Montani, Jean-Pierre

Abstract

Post stress neurovascular responses induced by physical and mental stress are poorly understood. We investigated the time course of cardiovascular and autonomic recovery, induced by orthostatic and mental challenge, using passive head up tilt (HUT) and mental arithmetic (MA), respectively, when applied singly (MA, HUT) or in combination (MA + HUT). Fifteen healthy males participated in three protocols: HUT, MA and combined MA + HUT, with sessions randomized and 2 weeks apart. Post stress responses were studied in the first 10 min (early; cardiovascular only) and 30 min (late), in 2.5 min epochs. A detailed analysis of early period was done in 30 s epochs. Within the first 2.5 min recovery, time courses of heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output differed significantly, particularly when comparing HUT vs. MA and MA + HUT vs. MA. Additionally, heart rate response differed in HUT vs. MA + HUT. No differences in hemodynamic recovery were seen during the next 2.5 min. Late responses of heart rate and cardiac output showed significantly lower values as compared to baseline, especially for HUT and MA + HUT. Recovery of hemodynamic responses, either due to single or combined stress challenges, showed stressor- and time-dependent patterns. Our data provide useful information regarding why longer recovery periods must be assessed and provide novel insights regarding recovery of physical and mental stressors. This may have clinical implications in the development of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension or myocardial ischemia.

20. Time course of cardiovascular responses induced by mental and orthostatic challenges

Author

Lackner, Helmut Karl, Goswami, Nandu, Papousek, Ilona, Roessler, Andreas, Grasser, Erik Konrad, Montani, Jean-Pierre, Jezova, Daniela, Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut, Lackner, Helmut Karl, Goswami, Nandu, Papousek, Ilona, Roessler, Andreas, Grasser, Erik Konrad, Montani, Jean-Pierre, Jezova, Daniela, and Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut

Abstract

Cardiovascular responses to single stressors diminish over time. Interaction of different stressors influencing hemodynamic variables, indicative of stress-induced reactivity and physiological responses are, however, poorly understood. We investigated time course of mental (using mental arithmetic, MA) and orthostatic (using head up tilt, HUT) challenges induced responses in 16 males. Three protocols were used: HUT, MA and MA + HUT, with sessions randomized and two weeks apart. Hemodynamic responses were compared for 30 s epochs of stress application (stressT1, stressT2…). Compared to baseline, HUT, HUT + MA and MA applications affected heart rate (HR) (+ 15.1 ± 8.0 bpm, + 20.0 ± 9.2 bpm, + 11.9 ± 7.2 bpm, all p's < .001, respectively) and stroke volume (SV) (− 22.3 ± 8.1 ml, − 22.0 ± 10.4 ml, − 7.6 ± 8.7 ml, all p's < .001, respectively). HUT and MA + HUT induced HR increases were higher in stressT2 compared to stressT1 (p < .05) and reached maximum at stressT2. HUT and MA + HUT further reduced SV in stressT2 as compared to stressT1 (p < .001); lowest SV was in stressT2. Mean arterial pressure reached its minimum in stressT1 during HUT and MA + HUT (− 6.0 ± 8.5 mm Hg, p < .001, − 4.4 ± 9.7 mm Hg, p < .01, respectively) but increased in MA (+ 4.3 ± 3.7 mm Hg, p < .01). Combination of MA + HUT resulted in different time courses of blood pressure responses as compared to HUT alone. We conclude that application of single or combined stress challenges lead to stressor- and time dependent-initial changes in cardiovascular responses. Our findings provide novel insights regarding the duration a stressor must be applied to elicit maximal cardiovascular responses.

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