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This study’s objective was to determine if there was a difference in aggressiveness between the Diaporthe longicolla and the Diaporthe pseudolongicolla isolates infecting the soybean seeds. An artificial inoculation was performed under laboratory conditions and in a greenhouse on a soybean cultivar (Tisa) created in the breeding program of the Agricultural Institute Osijek and represented in a large-scale production in the Republic of Croatia. An attempt was made to discover whether the isolates of the recently described D. pseudolongicolla were more aggressive to the soybean seeds than the D. longicolla isolates, which have manifested a high aggressiveness to the soybean seeds throughout a series of earlier experiments. The D. pseudolongicolla isolates used in the experiment were isolated from the infected seeds pertaining to a wide production in the vicinity of Osijek. The experiments have demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in the aggressiveness between the isolates tested, with the D. longicolla isolate manifesting the highest aggressiveness in both trials.

U istraživanju je ispitivano djelovanje eteričnih ulja domicilnoga bilja Hrvatske na supresiju rasta micelija Botrytis cinerea izoliranoga s vinove loze. U pokusu su korištena ulja sljedećih biljaka: metvice paprene (Mentha x piperita), kadulje (Salvia officinalis), ružmarina (Rosmarinus officinalis), lavandina (Lavandula hybrida), mravinaca (Origanum compactum), timijana (Thymus vulgaris), gospine trave (Hiperici oleum), stolisnika (Achillea millefolium) i smilja (Helichrysum italicum). Rezultati in vitro volatilnogq testa i makrodilucijskoga testa pokazali su da ulja timijana i paprene metvice mogu imati pozitivan utjecaj na inhibiciju rasta gljive Botrytis cinerea pri svim ispitivanim koncentracijama te da fungistatski učinak traje i preko 96 h. Primjena ulja stolisnika i gospine trave u makrodilucijskoj metodi dala je bolje rezultate u odnosu na volatilnu metodu. Eterično ulje smilja stimuliralo je porast micelija B. cinerea u obje metode. S obzirom na smanjenje porasta micelija B. cinerea u uvjetima in vitro, eterična ulja, kao biofungicidi, predstavljaju moguću zamjenu za sintetske pripravke u suzbijanju razvoja sive plijesni na vinovoj lozi, no potrebna su dodatna istraživanja kako u uvjetima in vitro, tako i u uvjetima in vivo., The aim of this research was to determine the effect of nine essential oils from the Croatian native flora (Mentha x piperita, Salvia officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula hybrida, Origanum compactum, Thymus vulgaris, Hiperici oleum, Achillea millefolium and Helichrysum italicum) on the Botrytis cinerea mycelial growth suppression. The research results demonstrated that the oils of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha x pipereta in both investigated methods (the volatile and the macrodillution one) have exerted a positive influence on the suppression of mycelial growth. Also, the aforementioned oils had a fungistatic effect in all investigated concentrations long after 96 hours. The essential oils of Achillea millefolium and Hiperici oleum in the volatile method have not manifested a suppression effect, while the effect of suppression of a mycelial growth was recorded in the macrodillution method. The essential oil of Helichrysum italicum stimulated the growth of B. cinerea mycelium in both investigated methods. Considering a reduction of the mycelium growth, the essential oils, as a biocontrol agent, could be a positive substitution for the traditional pesticides in grapevine gray mold control. Additional investigation with regard to the essential oils in the Botrytis control are needed both the in vitro and the in vivo conditions.

Fuzarijska palež klasova (FHB) pšenice ekonomski je značajna bolest koja može imati nepovoljne posljedice na prinos i kvalitetu pšenice. Do danas ne postoji mjera zaštite koja osigurava potpunu zaštitu usjeva pšenice, ali kombinacija više mjera može dati dobre rezultate. Učinkovitost svake pojedine mjere pod utjecajem je okolišnih uvjeta koji prevladavaju tijekom vegetacijske sezone, a učinkovitost će ovisiti i o osjetljivosti pojedine sorte na FHB. Sve veći broj istraživanja potvrđuje kako je integrirana zaštita bilja (IZB) ključ za što uspješniju borbu protiv FHB-a. Kako bi primijenjene mjere zaštite bile što uspješnije, od iznimne je važnosti dobro poznavati uzročnika bolesti, njegov životni ciklus i ekologiju. Budući da je F. graminearum dominantni uzročnik FHB-a na području Republike Hrvatske, osobiti naglasak je stavljen na sve dostupne mjere zaštite u njegovu suzbijanju., Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an economically devastating disease that may exert an adverse impact on the wheat yield and quality. To date, no measure ensures a complete protection of wheat crops, but the combination of multiple protection measures may produce the promising results. The effectiveness of each measure is influenced by environmental conditions during the growing season and cultivar susceptibility to the FHB. The Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is the most effective approach to the management of FHB. For a successful control, it is essential to acquire a good knowledge of the pathogen, its life cycle, and its ecology. Since the F. graminearum is a predominant species causing the FHB on the wheat in Croatia, this paper aims to describe all available measures for its control.

Ten novel isonicotinamide derivatives were prepared by quaternization reactions of isonicotinamide with methyl iodide and nine differently substituted 2 bromoacetophenones under rapid microwave irradiation of 10 minutes. The microwave preparations were significantly faster and with yields higher up to 8 times, than the preparations by conventional method. The structures of synthesized molecules were determined by one- and two dimensional NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Antifungal activity of all compounds was tested in two different concentrations (10 and 100 µg mL–1) against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro. From the antifungal assay it can be seen that the most prepared compounds have moderate to weak activity against M. phaseolina and F. culmorum. A very high inhibitory rate was observed against S. sclerotiorum, 62–87.5 % in concentration of 10 µg mL–1 and 83.7–93.2 % in concentration of 100 µg mL–1. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Ten novel isonicotinamide derivatives were prepared by quaternization reactions of isonicotinamide with methyl iodide and nine differently substituted 2 bromoacetophenones under rapid microwave irradiation of 10 minutes. The microwave preparations were significantly faster and with yields higher up to 8 times, than the preparations by conventional method. The structures of synthesized molecules were determined by one- and two dimensional NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Antifungal activity of all compounds was tested in two different concentrations (10 and 100 µg mL–1) against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium culmorum, Macrophomina phaseolina and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro. From the antifungal assay it can be seen that the most prepared compounds have moderate to weak activity against M. phaseolina and F. culmorum. A very high inhibitory rate was observed against S. sclerotiorum, 62–87.5 % in concentration of 10 µg mL–1 and 83.7–93.2 % in concentration of 100 µg mL–1. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The effect of different conservation soil tillage (CST) treatments and different level of nitrogen fertilization on Fusarium wheat grain infection on two locations are presented in this paper. The research was conducted on winter wheat with different soil tillage treatments: conventional tillage to 30 cm depth, subsoiling to 35-40 cm depth, chiselling up to 25 cm, disk-harrowing to 10-15 cm and no-tillage, without any tillage treatments and three different nitrogen rates (N1 - amount reduced by 30% of recommended; N2 - according to standard recommendation and N3 - amount increased by 30% of recommended). The occurrence of Fusarium species was determined in all the tested variants of tillage and fertilization treatments. The effect of reduced fertilization (N1) on Fusarium sp. grain infection in all tillage treatments was statistically lower in comparison with other (N2 and N3) nitrogen treatments. The lowest percentage of wheat grains infected with Fusarium sp. was recorded in conventional tillage on location Magadenovac and no tillage treatments on location Cacinci., U radu je prikazan utjecaj različitih konzervacijskih sustava obrade tla i različitih razina gnojidbe dušikom na zarazu zrna pšenice vrstama Fusarium. Pokus je postavljen na dvije lokacije s pet sustava obrade tla: konvencionalna obrada s oranjem do 30 cm, podrivanje na dubinu 35-40 cm, rahljenje do 25 cm, tanjuranje na 10-15 cm i te direktna sjetva bez ikakve obrade tla, kao i s tri razine gnojidbe dušikom: N1- umanjena za 30% u odnosu na preporuku; N2 - prema preporuci i N3 - uvećana za 30% u odnosu na preporuku. Pojava zrna zaraženih vrstama Fusarium utvrđena je u svim istraživanih tretmana. Postotak zaraženih zrna vrstama Fusarium bio je statistički značajno niži na tretmanu gnojidbe N1 u odnosu na varijante gnojidbe N2 i N3. Najniži postotak zaraženih zrna pšenice zabilježen je kod konvencionalne obrade tla u Magadenovcu i no tillage tretmana u Čačincima.

U radu je ispitivan utjecaj pet eteričnih ulja (anisa, paprene metvice, bosiljka, ružmarina i lavande prave) i njihovih dviju najzastupljenijih komponenti na porast micelija Colletotrichum coccodes, ekonomski značajne fitopatogene gljive i uspoređen s fungicidima. Ispitivanja su provedena u uvjetima in vitro u osam volumena na PDA podlozi u četiri ponavljanja. Porast micelija mjeren je osmi i petnaesti dan nakon nacjepljivanja micelija. Utvrđeno je da neka eterična ulja i komponente, primijenjeni u određenome volumenu, imaju signifikantan antifugalni učinak, u pojedinim primjerima usporediv s fungicidima. Najbolje djelovanje i najniži IC50 imala su eterična ulja anisa i paprene metvice te komponenta anetol. Petnaesti dan nakon inokulacije micelija eterična ulja imala su značajno bolje antifungalno djelovanje od svoje druge komponente po zastupljenosti., The effect of five essential oils (anise, peppermint, basil, rosemary and true lavander) and their two most common components on the mycelial growth in Colletotrichum coccodes, economically important phytopathogic fungi and compared with fungicides have been investigated in the study. Tests were conducted in vitro conditions in eight volumes on a PDA substrate in four replicates. The increase in mycelium was measured on the eighth and fifteenth day after the mycelium inoculation. It was found out that some essential oils and components applied at a given volume have a significant antifungal effect, in some examples comparable to fungicides. Anise and peppermint essential oils as well as the anethole component had the best activity and the lowest IC50. Fifteen days after the inoculation of the mycelium, the essential oils had a significantly better antifungal activity compared to their second most represented component.

Zbog brojnih nutritivnih vrijednosti i potencijalnoga pozitivnoga učinka na ljudsko zdravlje, šparoga se pokazala kao interesantna kultura za konzumaciju te predmet brojnih znanstvenih ispitivanja. Samonikla šparoga (Asparagus acutifolius L.) raste duž Jadranske obale i otoka, dok se kultivirana šparoga (Asparagus officinalis L.) uglavnom uzgaja u istočnome dijelu Hrvatske. Ovim istraživanjem određivan je ukupni sadržaj polifenola (spektofotometrijski) i antioksidativna aktivnost (DPPH) kod samoniklih i kultiviranih šparoga. Rezultati su pokazali da nema statistički značajne razlike u sadržaju ukupnih polifenola između samoniklih i kultiviranih šparoga. Najviša vrijednost ukupnih polifenola samoniklih šparoga iznosila je 6,20 [mg GAE/g svježe tvari], odnosno 49,60 [mg GAE/g suhe tvari], dok je kod kultiviranih šparoga bila 4,52 [mg GAE/g svježe tvari], odnosno 50,93 [mg GAE/g suhe tvari]. Antioksidativna aktivnost mjerena DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) metodom, pokazala je statistički značajne razlike. Veća je antioksidativna aktivnost izmjerena kod kultiviranih, nego kod samoniklih šparoga. Također je utvrđeno da porastom polifenola raste antioksidativna aktivnost, ali više kod kultiviranih šparoga. Temeljem rezultata, zaključujemo da je kultivirana šparoga odlična alternativa samonikloj, koja bi trebala biti zaštićena od pretjeranog ubiranja, kako bi se zaštitila prirodna raznolikost obale i otoka., Asparagus is an interesting vegetable as a part of a healthy diet and has been widely studied due to the high nutritional value and potential positive effects on human health. Wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) grows along the Adriatic coast and islands, while the cultivated asparagus (A. officinalis L.) is mostly grown in the eastern region of Croatia. The aim of this study was to determine total polyphenol content (measured spectrophotometrically) and antioxidant activity (DPPH) in wild and cultivated asparagus. No significant differences in total polyphenol content were found between wild and cultivated asparagus. The highest content of polyphenols in wild asparagus was 6.20 [mg GAE/g fresh weight] and 49.60 [mg GAE/g dry weight], and in cultivated asparagus it was 4.52 [mg GAE/g fresh weight] and 50.93 [mg GAE/g dry weight]. Antioxidant activity measured using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method showed statistically significant difference. Higher antioxidant activity was measured in cultivated than in wild asparagus. The results also indicate that increased polyphenol content leads to higher antioxidant activity, but more so in the cultivated asparagus. Based on the results, the cultivated asparagus is an excellent alternative to wild asparagus that should be protected from over-harvesting, thus preventing devastation of plant diversity of islands and coast.

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj 22 eterična ulja (anis, timijan, kim, paprena metvica, lavanda, kadulja, matičnjak, ružmarin, mirta, cimet list, bosiljak, bijeli bor, eukaliptus, cedar, bergamot, mandarina, čempres, pačuli, đumbir, gorka naranča, sandal, kamfor) na porast micelia Botrytis cinerea, uzročnika sive plijesni. Pokus je proveden u uvjetima in vitro na PDA podlozi u 2 ponavljanja. Ulja su primijenjena u tri količine (3, 5 i 7 μl), porast micelija mjeren je nakon 3 i 9 dana. Sva ulja, izuzev ulja gorke naranče, sandala i kamfora, pokazala su određeno antifungalno djelovanje. U odnosu na Kontrolu, najbolji učinak imala su ulja timijana i anisa, dok je za ulja gorke naranče, sandala i kamfora utvrđen stimulativni učinak na rast gljive B.cinerea., The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 22 essential oils (anise, thyme, cumin, peppermint, lavender, sage, lemon balm, rosemary, myrtle, cinnamon leaf, basil, white pine, eucalyptus, cedar, bergamot, mandarin, cypress, patchouli, ginger, bitter orange, sandalwood, camphor) on the growth of gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea. The experiment was performed in vitro on PDA medium in 2 repetitions. Oils were applied in three amounts (3, 5 and 7 μl), and the mycelial growth was measured after three and nine days of incubation. All oils, except oils of bitter orange, sandalwood and camphor, have shown a certain antifungal activity. Compared to the water control, thyme and anise oil have shown the best antifungal activity , while for oils of bitter orange, sandalwood and camphor a stimulating effect on growth of fungus B. cinerea was determined.

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj hranjive podloge (krumpir dekstrozni agar (PDA), podloga od mrkve) i temperature (15, 22 i 30ºC) na rast i razvoj micelija i formiranje sklerocija gljive Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Istraživanje je provedeno u laboratorijskim uvjetima 2013. godine. Statističkom obradom podataka utvrđeno je da podloga i temperatura značajno utječu na porast micelija i formiranje sklerocija. Utvrđen je statistički značajno bolji razvoj micelija na PDA podlozi te na temperaturama 15 i 20ºC, nego na drugom ispitivanom supstratu i temperaturi 30ºC. Sklerociji su se, također, formirali samo na PDA podlozi i na dvije niže temperature. Sklerociji formirani na 15ºC bili su veći od sklerocija formiranih na 20ºC., The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of nutrition media (PDA, carrot agar) and temperature (15, 22 and 30ºC) on growth and mycelium development As well as sclerotium formation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The experiment was set up under laboratory conditions in year 2013. Statistical analysis showed that nutrition media and temperature had significant influence on mycelim development and formation on sclerotia. Mycelial growth was significantly higher on PDA and at 15 and 20ºC. Sclerotia are formed only on PDA and the two lower temperatures. Sclerotia formed at 15ºC were bigger than sclerotia formed at 20ºC.

Different formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum are the main causal agent of Fusarium wilts. In 2008 and 2009 we collected F. oxysporum samples from symptomless Abutilon theophrasti, Xanthium strumarium, Chenopodium album, Matricaria perforata, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Polygonum lapathifolium, Sonchus arvensis, Amaranthus blitoides, Amaranthus retroflexus, Datura stramonium, Sorghum halepense and Hibiscus trionum. Only 16 out of 41 isolates of F. oxysporum yielded nit mutants. The frequency of nit3 mutants was higher (43%) than the frequency of nit1 (35%) and NitM (22%) mutants. Two vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) of F. oxysporum were determined in the complementation tests. These results stress out the problem with isolation of nit mutants and show a high genetic diversity of F. oxysporum isolated from weeds., Različite formae speciales Fusarium oxysporum glavni su uzročnik fuzarijskih venuća. U 2008. i 2009. godini prikupili smo F. oxysporum uzorke sa sljedećih korova bez simptoma bolesti: Abutilon theophrasti, Xanthium strumarium, Chenopodium album, Matricaria perforata, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Polygonum lapathifolium, Sonchus arvensis, Amaranthus blitoides, Amaranthus retroflexus, Datura stramonium, Sorghum halepense i Hibiscus trionum. Izolirali smo nit mutante za 16 od 41 izolata F. oxysporum. Učestalost nit3 mutanata bila je veća (43%) od učestalosti nit1(35%) i NitM (22%) mutanata. Testovima uparivanja utvrđene su dvije vegetativne grupe (VCG) F. oxysporum. Ti rezultati ukazuju na problem izolacije nit mutanata i upućuju na veliku genetsku raznolikost F. oxysporum izoliranoga s korova.

Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom 2011. i 2012. godine na pet lokacija istočnoga dijela Republike Hrvatske. Ispitivana je pojava smeđe pjegavosti lista, čiji je uzročnik Mycosphaerella graminicola. Prvi simptomi infekcije tijekom 2011. godine uočeni su početkom travnja, a tijekom 2012. već početkom ožujka na svim lokacijama. Nakon statističke obrade rezultata vidljivo je da postoje statistički značajne razlike u broju pjega po listu i broju piknida po pjegi između lokacija u obje godine istraživanja., A research was conducted during 2011 and 2012 on five locations of Eastern Croatia in order to investigate the occurrence of Septoria leaf bloch of wheat caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola. The first symptoms of the infection during 2011 were determined at the beginning of April, and during 2012 in early March. After statistical analysis has been conducted results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the number of spots on the leaf and number of pycnidia on the spots between locations in both years of the investigation.

U laboratoriju je ispitana patogenost trideset izolata 14 Fusarium vrsta izoliranih s korova i biljnih ostataka u istočnoj Hrvatskoj. Testovi patogenosti provedeni su na klijancima pšenice i kukuruza. Najpatogenija Fusarium vrsta bila je F. graminearum izolirana s Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti i Chenopodium album. Primijetili smo značajnu varijabilnost u patogenosti za pšenicu i kukuruz između i unutar vrsta. Izolati F. solani s Sonchus arvensis i F. verticillioides s Chenopodium album bili su vrlo patogeni za pšenicu, a nepatogeni za kukuruz. Izolati F. venenatum bili su vrlo patogeni za pšenicu i kukuruz, što je prvo izvješće o patogenosti te vrste. Ovo istraživanje potvrđuje da korovi i biljni ostatci mogu poslužiti kao alternativni domaćini i kao izvor biljnih patogena., Pathogenicity of thirty isolates representing 14 Fusarium species isolated from weeds and plant debris in eastern Croatia was investigated in the laboratory. Pathogenicity tests were performed on wheat and maize seedlings. The most pathogenic Fusarium spp. was F. graminearum isolated from Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti and Chenopodium album. There was a noticeable inter- and intraspecies variability in pathogenicity towards wheat and maize. Isolates of F. solani from Sonchus arvensis and F. verticillioides from C. album were highly pathogenic to wheat seedlings and apathogenic to maize seedlings. Isolates of F. venenatum were very pathogenic to wheat and maize being the first report about pathogenicity of this species. This experiment proves that weeds and plant debris can serve as alternate hosts and source of inoculum of plant pathogens.

Porast i sporulaciju odabranih izolata Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticillioides i Fusarium subglutinans pratili smo tijekom 15 dana na sedam hranjivih podloga različite kiselosti i dva svjetlosna režima. Svi izolati formirali su najbujniji micelij i imali su najbrži porast na PDA podlozi i u tami. Najslabija sporulacija utvrđena je za F. graminearum, bez obzira na podlogu, dok su F. verticillioides i F. subglutinans dobro sporulirali na svim podlogama. Statistički značajno sporiji porast micelija svih vrsta utvrđen je kod pH 4,5., Growth and sporulation of selected isolates of F. graminearum, F. verticillioides and F. subglutinans were examined over 15 days on seven different media of diverse pH levels and under two light conditions. All isolates formed the most densd mycelia and had the fastest growth on PDA media and under dark conditions. F. graminearum had the weakest sporulation on all media. F. verticillioides and F. subglutinans sporulated well on the all investigated media. Statisticaly significant slower mycelial growth was determined on pH 4.5 for all species.

Sustavnog istraživanja mikoflore ljekovitoga bilja u našoj zemlji do sada nije bilo. U ovome radu iznosimo rezultate preliminarnih istraživanja mikopopulacije 14 vrsta ljekovitih biljaka. Ukupno je pregledano 393 biljna dijela, s kojih je izolirano 10 rodova gljiva: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Sordaria, Phoma, Cladosporium, Rhizopus, Stemphillium, Fusarium, Phomopsis i jedan nedeterminirani rod. S najvećeg broja uzoraka izoliran je Penicillium sp. (s 11 od 14 biljnih vrsta). Na biljkama s kojih su izolirane gljive nisu utvrđeni makroskopski vidljivi simptomi zaraze, osim biljnih dijelova Lavandula x intermedia, s koje su izolirani Phomopsis sp. i Fusarium sp. i Foeniculum vulgare, s kojega je izoliran Phomopsis sp., There has not been a systematic research of medicinal plants mycoflora in Croatia. This paper aims to present the results of preliminary research of mycopopulation of 14 species of medicinal plants. Total of 393 plant parts has been examined and 10 genera of fungi were isolated: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Sordaria, Phoma, Cladosporium, Rhizopus, Stemphillium, Fusarium, Phomopsis and one unidentified genus. Penicillium sp. (from 11 of 14 plant species) was isolated from the majority of samples. The plants fungi were isolated from did not show any macroscopically visible symptoms of infection, except plant parts of Lavandula x intermedia and Foeniculum vulgare, from which Phomopsis sp. and Fusarium sp. were isolated.

The obligate fungi inside the family Albuginaceae are widespread world wide and cause white rust or white blister disease. Mycopopulation of weeds has been researched within the project „The role of weeds in epidemiology of row-crop diseases“. The aim of this research was to identify white blister species occurring on weeds in Eastern Croatia. Weed plants with disease symptoms characteristic for white blister species have been collected since 2001 on location Slavonia and Baranja country. Determination of white blister species was based on morphological characters of pathogen and the host. Wilsoniana bliti was determined on Amaranthus retroflexus and Amaranthus hybridus leaves. Capsella bursa pastoris is a host for Albugo candida. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a host for Pustula sp. and Cirsium arvense was found to be host for Pustula spinulosa. Wilsoniana portulaceae was determined on Portulaca oleracea., Gljive iz porodice Albuginaceae utvrđene su diljem svijeta i uzrokuju bolesti poznate pod imenom bijela hrđa. U okviru projekta „Uloga korova u epidemiologiji bolesti okopavinskih kultura“ proučava se mikopopulacija korova, a cilj ovoga rada bio je proučiti Albugo vrste koje se javljaju na korovima u istočnoj Hrvatskoj. Korovi sa simptomima bolesti karakterističnim za bijelu hrđu prikupljani su od 2001. godine na lokacijama Slavonije i Baranje. Determinacija uzročnika bijele hrđe temeljila se na morfološkim karakteristikama patogena i domaćinu. S lišća Amaranthus retroflexus i Amaranthus hybridus izoliran je Wilsoniana bliti. Capsella bursa pastoris je domaćin za Albugo candida. Ambrosia artemisiifolia je domaćin za Pustula sp., Cirsium arvense za Pustula spinulosa, a Wilsoniana portulacae izolirana je s Portulaca oleracea.

During a three year period (2004 to 2006) on locations of Eastern Croatia (Kneževi Vinogradi, Osijek, Brođanci and Krndija) we collected plants of Achillea millefolium L. from which we isolated Phomopsis sp. Many of the collected plants exhibited no visible symptoms of infection but in spring pycnidia were noticed on overwintered plants. Isolation was done on PDA from naturally infected plants and morphological and molecular characteristics were studied. Biometrical values of reproductive structures developed on naturally infected plants and grown on PDA were measured. Internal transcribed spacers ITS rDNA of the examined isolates were sequenced. Although molecular analysis showed that isolates were grouped with Diaporthe arctii, we decided to classify isolates from A. millefolium as Phomopsis sp., the details of which were discussed in the paper., Phomopsis sp. izolirali smo s biljaka A. millefolium na kojima nije bilo vidljivih simptoma zaraze, kao i s biljaka sa simptomima tipičnima za Phomopsis vrste. Biljke su prikupljene tijekom tri godine (2004.-2006. godine) u jesen i proljeće na lokacijama (Kneževi Vinogradi, Osijek, Brođanci i Krndija) istočne Hrvatske. S prirodno zaraženih biljaka izolacija gljive obavljena je na KDA te su proučene morfološke i molekularne karakteristike. Biometrijske vrijednosti reproduktivnih struktura izmjerene su u kulturi (KDA) i na prirodno inficiranome materijalu. Za proučavane izolate sekvencirane su unutarnje prijepisne razmaknice jezgrine DNA (ITS rDNA) te je utvrđena povezanost analiziranih izolata s Diaporthe arctii. Zbog nedovoljno pouzdanih informacija zadržan je naziv Phomopsis sp. detalji su raspravljeni u radu.

Eleven essential oils (clove, rosemary, cinnamon leaf, sage, scots pine, neroli, peppermint, aniseed, caraway, lavander, common thyme) were tested for in vitro antifungal activity on twelve plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium graminearum, F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans, F. oxysporum, F. avenaceum, Diaporthe helianthi, Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora, Phomopsis longicolla, P. viticola, Helminthosporium sativum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Thanatephorus cucumeris). The results indicated that all oils except scots pine and neroli had antifungal activity against some or all tested fungi. The best antifungal activity had common thyme, cinnamon leaf, clove and aniseed oils. When compared to control, scots pine, neroli and sage oils stimulated mycelium growth of some investigated fungi., U radu je testiran utjecaj jedanaest vrsta eteričnih ulja (klinčićevac, ružmarin, list cimeta, kadulja, bor, gorka naranča, metvica, anis, kim, lavanda, timijan) na porast micelija dvanaest fitopatogenih gljiva (Fusarium graminearum, F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans, F. oxysporum, F. avenaceum, Diaporthe helianthi, Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora, Phomopsis longicolla, P. viticola, Helminthosporium sativum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Thanatephorus cucumeris). Sva eterična ulja koja smo koristili, izuzev ulja bora i gorke naranče, pokazala su određeno inhibitorno djelovanje prema nekim ili svim istraživanim gljivama. Najbolje antifungalno djelovanje imala su ulja timijana, lista cimeta, klinčićevca i anisa. U usporedbi s kontrolom, ulja bora, gorke naranče i kadulje pozitivno su utjecala na porast micelija nekih gljiva.

Sveučilišni udžbenik Bolesti cvije}a i ukrasnog bilja upoznaje studente preddiplomskih, diplomskih i poslijediplomskih sveučilišnih studija, ali i sve koji se bave proizvodnjom cvijeća i ukrasnog bilja, s najznačajnijim uzročnicima bolesti. Cvjećarstvo je kao grana biljne proizvodnje vrlo staro i razvijalo se zajedno s ljudskim rodom, a bolesti su, iako se to ponekada ne čini tako, iznimno važne u proizvodnome ciklusu cvijeća i ukrasnoga bilja. Bolesti su opisane po skupinama uzročnika (gljive, bakterije i virusi). Unutar skupina paraziti su svrstani prema sistematskoj pripadnosti pa su na taj način izbjegnuta ponavljanja, jer jedan uzročnik može parazitirati i više od deset različitih vrsta biljaka. Za svakog su uzročnika bolesti opisani simptomi koje izaziva na napadnutim biljkama, što je popraćeno fotografijama te razvojni ciklus i mjere zaštite. Na kraju knjige nalaze se Rječnik stručnih izraza i pojmova te Stručni i udomaćeni nazivi cvijeća i ukrasnog bilja. U udžbeniku su prikazana saznanja mnogih stručnjaka i znanstvenika, ali i vlastitog istraživačkog rada., The academic textbook Diseases of Flowers and Decorative Plants introduces the most important casual agents of flower and decorative plant diseases to students at all study levels, as well as to floriculturists. Floriculture as a branch of plant production is a very old discipline that was developed along with human mankind. Although it may seem otherwise, diseases are extremely important in plant production cycle. Diseases elaborated in the present handbook are classified according to their casual agents (fungi, bacteria and viruses). Parasites are organized according to their systematic grouping within separate classes, thus avoiding repetitions, as one parasite can attack different plant sorts. Disease symptoms appearing on attacked plants, development stages and protection measures are presented for each casual agent. The textbook is also well illustrated with photographs. The list of professional terminology and the list of scientific and common names for flowers and decorative plants are provided at the end of the handbook. Besides results of the authors’ own researches, this academic textbook comprises up-to-date findings of well known scientists and professionals.

Diaporthe helianthi isolates were grown on various media (water agar with various plant tissues, potatoes dextrose agar, malt agar and V-8 juice agar) with the aim to examine media influence on the development of reproductive structures. Isolates were distinguished by whether they form teleomorphic stage or not, and by the number of formed pycnidia and perithecia. Water agar with various plant parts was proved as a suitable media for perithecia production., Izolate Diaporthe helianthi uzgajali smo na različitim supstratima (vodeni agar uz dodatak tkiva različitih biljnih vrsta, krumpir dekstrozni agar, maltz agar i podloga s dodatkom soka rajčice) kako bismo ispitali utjecaj supstrata na razvoj reproduktivnih struktura. Izolati se razlikuju prema tome formiraju li teleomorfni stadij ili ne te prema broju formiranih piknida i peritecija. Vodeni agar s dodatkom pojedinih biljnih dijelova pokazao se kao pogodan medij za produkciju askusa i askospora.

Pojava bolesti na soji može utjecati na kvalitetu i količinu uroda. Različite vrste saprofitnih i parazitnih gljiva mogu se izolirati sa stabljika, mahuna i sjemena soje. Cilj ovih istraživanja bio je ocijeniti pojavu značajnijih bolesti na naturalnom zrnu soje tijekom 4 godine (2004.-2007.), a provedeno je na lokalitetu Sopot-Vinkovci i obuhvaćalo je 9 sorata soje. Identificirani su uzročnici bolesti iz rodova: Peronospora, Sclerotinia, Cercospora, Fusarium i Diaporthe/Phomopsis. Najčešće izolirane gljive pripadale su saprofitnoj flori, a one su iz rodova: Cladosporium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Aspergillus i Epicoccum. Zdravstveno stanje naturalnoga zrna soje tijekom sve četiri godine na svim sortama ocijenjeno je kao dobro., Disease appearance on soybean can influence quality and quantity of yield. Different spieces of saprophyte and parasite fungi can be isolated from stems, pods and grain of soybean. The aim of the research was to evaluate the incidence of important disease on natural soybean grain over the period of 4 years (2004-2007) of experiment held on the location Sopot-Vinkovci and included 9 cultivars of soybean. The following plant pathogenic fungi were identified: Peronospora, Sclerotinia, Cercospora, Fusarium and Diaporthe/Phomopsis. The most frequent fungi on soybean grains were: Cladosporium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Epicoccum. The health condition of the natural soybean grains over the four years period on all cultivars was good.

Diaporthe/Phomopsis sp. was isolated from Xanthium italicum (Italian cockleburr) for the first time in Eastern Croatia during 2004 year. As Diaporthe/Phomopsis species are known as pathogens of soybean, sunflower and other arable crops, it is important to study alternative hosts as a possible source of inoculum from an epidemiological point of view. This paper describes symptoms of infection on X. italicum, pathogen morphological and cultural characters on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), biometrical values of reproductive structures (pycnidia, beta conidia, perithecia, asci and ascospores) of naturally infected plants and of cultures grown on PDA. Results obtained from undertaken studies indicate that our Phomopsis sp. isolates from X. italicum belong to the group of P. helianthi., Tijekom 2004. godine s Xanthium italicum (dikica vodena) prvi put je u istočnoj Hrvatskoj izoliran Diaporthe/Phomopsis sp. Kako su Diaporthe/Phomopsis vrste poznati paraziti soje, suncokreta i drugog uzgajanog bilja, značajno je, s epidemiološkog stajališta, proučiti krug alternativnih domaćina kao mogućeg izvora inokuluma. U ovom su radu opisani simptomi zaraze na X. italicum, proučene su karakteristike parazita uzgojem na krumpir dekstroznom agaru (PDA), utvrđene su biometrijske vrijednosti reproduktivnih struktura: piknida, beta konidija, peritecija, askusa i askospora, s prirodno zaraženih biljaka i iz kultura razvijenih na PDA. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata proučavanja Phomopsis sp. s X. italicum, držimo da naši izolati pripadaju vrsti P. helianthi.

The main objective of this research was to determinate the impact of downy mildew on soybean seed regarding to planting dates, as well as evaluated differences in occurrence and intensity of disease on seed among tested genotype (cultivar) and years, respectively. Infection of downy mildew in this trial was natural under field conditions. Four-year investigation (1998-2001) was undertaken on 10 domestic soybean cultivars with different level of resistance on downy mildew. The investigation was set up in two planting date (optimal and delayed) on experimental fields of the Agricultural Institute Osijek, Croatia. The obtained results indicate on significant differences in the occurrence and intensity of downy mildew on soybean seed among tested planting dates, cultivars and years. Variability of expression grain yield and percentage of diseased seed were caused by genotypic variability (cultivar) and environmental variability (year and planting date)., Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti pojavu i intenzitet plamenjače na sjemenu soje u odnosu na rok sjetve kao i procijeniti razlike u pojavi i intenzitetu bolesti na sjemenu između testiranih geno-tipova (kultivara) i godina. Provedeno je četverogodišnje istraživanje (1998.-2001.) na 10 domaćih kultivara soje sa različitim nivoom otpornosti na plamenjaču. Istraživanje je postavljeno u dva roka sjetve (optimalni i odgođeni) na eksperimentalnom polju Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek, Hrvatska. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na značajne razlike u pojavi i intenzitetu plamenjače na sjemenu soje između testiranih rokova sjetve, kultivara i godina. Varijabilnost u ekspresiji uroda zrna i postotku oboljelog zrna uzrokovana je genetskom varijabilnošću (kultivar) i varijabilnošću okoline (godina i rok sjetve).

The main objective of this research was to determinate the impact of downy mildew on soybean seed regarding to planting dates, as well as evaluated differences in occurrence and intensity of disease on seed among tested genotype (cultivar) and years, respectively. Infection of downy mildew in this trial was natural under field conditions. Four-year investigation (1998-2001) was undertaken on 10 domestic soybean cultivars with different level of resistance on downy mildew. The investigation was set up in two planting date (optimal and delayed) on experimental fields of the Agricultural Institute Osijek, Croatia. The obtained results indicate on significant differences in the occurrence and intensity of downy mildew on soybean seed among tested planting dates, cultivars and years. Variability of expression grain yield and percentage of diseased seed were caused by genotypic variability (cultivar) and environmental variability (year and planting date)., Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je odrediti pojavu i intenzitet plamenjače na sjemenu soje u odnosu na rok sjetve kao i procijeniti razlike u pojavi i intenzitetu bolesti na sjemenu između testiranih geno-tipova (kultivara) i godina. Provedeno je četverogodišnje istraživanje (1998.-2001.) na 10 domaćih kultivara soje sa različitim nivoom otpornosti na plamenjaču. Istraživanje je postavljeno u dva roka sjetve (optimalni i odgođeni) na eksperimentalnom polju Poljoprivrednog instituta Osijek, Hrvatska. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na značajne razlike u pojavi i intenzitetu plamenjače na sjemenu soje između testiranih rokova sjetve, kultivara i godina. Varijabilnost u ekspresiji uroda zrna i postotku oboljelog zrna uzrokovana je genetskom varijabilnošću (kultivar) i varijabilnošću okoline (godina i rok sjetve).

Tijekom tri godine (2001.-2003.) praćena je pojava bolesti na stabljikama suncokreta na površinama PIK Vinkovci (lokacija Sopot). U pokusu je bilo posijano 24 genotipa 2001. godine, 30 genotipova 2002. godine te 20 genotipova 2003. godine u dvije varijante: netretirano i tretirano. Za zaštitu suncokreta primijenjen je fungicidni pripravak Konker u dozi 1,5 l/ha. Tretiranje je obavljeno u R1-R2 razvojnom stadiju suncokreta (veličina nezrelog butona do 2 cm). Na temelju obavljenih pregleda utvrđeno je da je u 2001. godini Sclerotinia sclerotiorum bila dominantan uzročnik bolesti na stabljikama suncokreta. Postotak zaraze u netretiranoj varijanti bio je između 0 i 32,5 te između 0 i 17,5 u tretiranoj varijanti. U 2002. i 2003. godini prevladavajući uzročnik bolesti bio je Phomopsis helianthi. Prosječna ocjena zaraze u 2002. godini bila je između 0,65 i 4,00 u netretiranoj varijanti te između 0,05 i 2,60 u tretiranoj varijanti. U klimatski nepovoljnoj 2003. godini za razvoj parazita pojava P. helianthi bila je vrlo slabog intenziteta. Prosječna ocjena kretala se od 0,35 do 3,30 u netretiranoj te između 0,20 i 1,85 u tretiranoj varijanti pokusa. Primjena fungicidnog pripravka u sve tri godine istraživanja pozitivno je utjecala na smanjenje intenziteta zaraze te, u pravilu, na povećanje prinosa zrna i ulja., During a three–year period (2001-2003), occurrence of diseases on sunflower stems was monitored in fields of PIK Vinkovci (on the Sopot location). The experiment involved 24 genotypes planted in 2001, 30 genotypes in 2002, and 20 genotypes in 2003, each of them repeated in two trials: treated and non-treated. The Konker fungicide preparation, dosed 1.5 l/ha, was used for sunflower protection. The treatment was applied at the R1-R2 development stage of sunflower (the size of immature bud was up to 2 cm). Based on the conducted survey, it was found out that Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was the most dominant disease agent to sunflower stems in 2001. Percentage of infection for the non-treated and treated trials was between 0 and 32.5%, and 0 and 17.5%, respectively. In 2002 and 2003, Phomopsis helianthi was the most dominant disease agent. Average value rate in 2002 fluctuated between 0.65 and 4.00 in non-treated trial and between 0.05 and 2.60 in treated trial. In 2003, occurrence of P. helianthi was of weak intensity, mostly because of unfavorable weather conditions for parasite development. Average ratings were 0.35 to 3.30 in the non-treated trial, and 0.20 to 1.85 in the treated trial. Application of fungicide during the whole experiment period had positive effects on the decrease of infection intensity and the increase of grain and oil yields.

Botrytis gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is an important pathogen of grapevines all over the world. In order to determine the intensity of B. cinerea attack on mature grapes and efficiency of botryticides (cv. Traminac - iprodion, pyrimethanil, fludioxinil + cyprodinil; cv. Graševina - fenhexamid, fludioxinil+cyprodinil, tebuconazol+diclofluanid) a two-year experiment (2001-2002) was set up on locations Mladice (Traminac) and Škomić (Graševina). By evaluation of the intensity of B. cinerea infection on the Graševina and Traminac grapes the strongest infection determined on the control, and the weakest on the variant with botryticides Switch. Comparison of infection intensity on the Traminac grapes with the Graševina grapes led to no differences concerning the sensitivity of varieties. The disease intensity primarily depended on climate conditions. Both experimental years were charactized by the quantity of precipitation in the vine-yards which were in favour of the high humidity allowing high disease intensity., Siva plijesan, koju uzrokuje Botrytis cinerea, značajna je bolest vinove loze diljem svijeta. S ciljem utvrđivanja intenziteta napada B. cinera na zrelim grozdovima i učinkovitosti botriticida (Traminac - iprodion, pirimetanil, fludioksinil+ciprodinil; Graševina - fenheksamid, fludioksinil+ ciprodinil, tebukonazol+ diklofluanid), postavljen je dvogodišnji pokus (2001.-2002.) na lokacijama Mladice (Traminac) i Škomić (Graševina). Procjenom intenziteta napada Botrytis cinerea na Graševini i Tramincu utvrđene su najjače zaraze na kontroli, a najslabije u varijanti pokusa s botriticidom Switch. Usporedbom jačine zaraze grozdova sorte Traminac, u odnosu na Graševinu, nisu nađene razlike koje se mogu pripisati različitoj osjetljivosti sorata. U konkretnim uvjetima lokaliteta Mladice i Škomić, jačina zaraze zavisila je, u prvom redu, o klimatskim čimbenicima. U obje pokusne godine količina i raspored oborina podržavale su visoku vlažnost u vinogradima, omogućivši brojne infekcije i intenzivan razvoj bolesti.