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Geographical Indications (GIs) are indications of products whose qualities or reputation is attributable to their place of origin. Based on specific know-how and the natural elements of the environment, GIs protect the value of the products and provide benefits for value chain stakeholders (producers, processors, traders, etc.), while supporting biodiversity and traditional knowledge in the territory. GIs are of growing importance in international trade, as illustrated by the renowned nuoc mam Phu Quoc (fish sauce), Champagne, Basmati rice, Rooibos herbal tea, Kampot pepper, Parmigiano Reggiano cheese or Kobe beef. Vietnam is very active in this field, with 54 GIs registered at the National Office of Intellectual Property (NOIP) for Vietnamese products up to 2017. The first law on the appellation of origin was passed in 1995, then remodeled in 2005 as the Intellectual Property Law. However, in Vietnam, GIs are underused by value chain stakeholders, who do not understand the concept. In addition, consumers do not recognize GIs. GI protection has consequently only led to limited changes in stakeholder practices and only limited benefit. In our research, we identified their management system as a major constraint for GI use.

In Vietnam, the emergence of large commercial farms and even of some “mega-farms”, questions the future of the dairy sector. Is social, economic and environmental sustainability of dairy farming likely to be affected by this rapid farms' upscaling? The Revalter foresight study depicted 3 contrasted plausible scenarios for the dairy sector by 2030 in order to challenge this rapid transformation. This foresight exercise was conducted through participatory scenario planning with local stakeholders and with the use of a quantitative model. The “Maximum concentration” scenario is based on the prominence of a limited number of integrated mega-farms of thousands of cows. The “Social and inclusive sector” scenario is built with an exclusive contribution of family dairy farms. The “Smiling cow” scenario is discussed to accommodate different farm models in a complementary approach. In the context of a rapid transition of the economy and of the ecosystems, and with some strong restriction on land access, smallholders and family farms show interesting results in terms of sustainable development. Appropriate policy actions are needed to ensure the coexistence of the different types of farms in view of balancing the supply and demand, as well as adapting to the puzzles of local land, rural labor and the environment.

Geographical Indications (GIs) are indications of products whose qualities or reputation is attributable to their place of origin. Based on specific know-how and the natural elements of the environment, GIs protect the value of the products and provide benefits for value chain stakeholders (producers, processors, traders, etc.), while supporting biodiversity and traditional knowledge in the territory. GIs are of growing importance in international trade, as illustrated by the renowned nuoc mam Phu Quoc (fish sauce), Champagne, Basmati rice, Rooibos herbal tea, Kampot pepper, Parmigiano Reggiano cheese or Kobe beef. Vietnam is very active in this field, with 54 GIs registered at the National Office of Intellectual Property (NOIP) for Vietnamese products up to 2017. The first law on the appellation of origin was passed in 1995, then remodeled in 2005 as the Intellectual Property Law. However, in Vietnam, GIs are underused by value chain stakeholders, who do not understand the concept. In addition, consumers do not recognize GIs. GI protection has consequently only led to limited changes in stakeholder practices and only limited benefit. In our research, we identified their management system as a major constraint for GI use.

In Vietnam, the emergence of large commercial farms and even of some “mega-farms”, questions the future of the dairy sector. Is social, economic and environmental sustainability of dairy farming likely to be affected by this rapid farms' upscaling? The Revalter foresight study depicted 3 contrasted plausible scenarios for the dairy sector by 2030 in order to challenge this rapid transformation. This foresight exercise was conducted through participatory scenario planning with local stakeholders and with the use of a quantitative model. The “Maximum concentration” scenario is based on the prominence of a limited number of integrated mega-farms of thousands of cows. The “Social and inclusive sector” scenario is built with an exclusive contribution of family dairy farms. The “Smiling cow” scenario is discussed to accommodate different farm models in a complementary approach. In the context of a rapid transition of the economy and of the ecosystems, and with some strong restriction on land access, smallholders and family farms show interesting results in terms of sustainable development. Appropriate policy actions are needed to ensure the coexistence of the different types of farms in view of balancing the supply and demand, as well as adapting to the puzzles of local land, rural labor and the environment.