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Contains fulltext : 153022.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.

Contains fulltext : 153022.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.

In a worldwide collaborative effort, 19,630 Y-chromosomes were sampled from 129 different populations in 51 countries. These chromosomes were typed for 23 short-tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385ab, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, GATAH4, DYS481, DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, and DYS643) and using the PowerPlex Y23 System (PPY23, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI). Locus-specific allelic spectra of these markers were determined and a consistently high level of allelic diversity was observed. A considerable number of null, duplicate and off-ladder alleles were revealed. Standard single-locus and haplotype-based parameters were calculated and compared between subsets of Y-STR markers established for forensic casework. The PPY23 marker set provides substantially stronger discriminatory power than other available kits but at the same time reveals the same general patterns of population structure as other marker sets. A strong correlation was observed between the number of Y-STRs included in a marker set and some of the forensic parameters under study. Interestingly a weak but consistent trend toward smaller genetic distances resulting from larger numbers of markers became apparent.

This paper explores the effect of culture on the emotions invoked when different websites are viewed, and the perception of that websites trustworthiness. Traditionally, researchers in the human computer interaction (HCI) field have focused on task-oriented usability, committed to improving efficiency. Eventually, the importance of other aspects of technology use was recognized, one of which were emotions, all grouped under the umbrella term - user experience. Numerous studies show that culture has an influence on the users perception of usability and interface preferences. Seeing this relationship between culture and usability, one between culture and user experience remains to be explored. A survey was conducted as part of the methodology, where two cultural groups, Bosnians and the Chinese, participated with the aim of capturing differences and similarities in the perceptions of different classes of websites. The different types used are flashbased, text-dominated, combination of text and graphics, graphic-intensive and virtual reality. Two samples are culture-specific and the rest are either Australian or American. The study reveals the similarities and differences between the two cultural groups examined. Each cultural group rendered both positive and negative emotional responses from the survey and their perceptions of trustworthiness also varied.

This paper explores the effect of culture on the emotions invoked when different websites are viewed, and the perception of that websites trustworthiness. Traditionally, researchers in the human computer interaction (HCI) field have focused on task-oriented usability, committed to improving efficiency. Eventually, the importance of other aspects of technology use was recognized, one of which were emotions, all grouped under the umbrella term - user experience. Numerous studies show that culture has an influence on the users perception of usability and interface preferences. Seeing this relationship between culture and usability, one between culture and user experience remains to be explored. A survey was conducted as part of the methodology, where two cultural groups, Bosnians and the Chinese, participated with the aim of capturing differences and similarities in the perceptions of different classes of websites. The different types used are flashbased, text-dominated, combination of text and graphics, graphic-intensive and virtual reality. Two samples are culture-specific and the rest are either Australian or American. The study reveals the similarities and differences between the two cultural groups examined. Each cultural group rendered both positive and negative emotional responses from the survey and their perceptions of trustworthiness also varied.

This paper explores the effect of culture on the emotions invoked when different web sites are viewed and the perception that website's trustworthiness. Traditionally, researchers in the human computer interaction (HCI) field have focused on task-orientated usability, cmmitted to improving efficiency. Eventually the importance of other aspects of technology use was recognized, one of which were emotions, all grouped under the umbrella term - user experience. Numerous studies show that culture has an influence on the user's perception of usability and interface preferences. Seeing this relationship between culture and usabilty, one between culture and user experience remains to be explored. A survey was conducted as part of the methodology, where two cultural groups, Bosnians and the Chineese participated, with the aim of capturing differences and similarities, in the perceptions of different classes of websites. The different types used were flash-based, text-dominated, combination of text and graphics, graphic-intensive and virtual reality. Two samples were culture-specific and the rest either Australian or American. The study reveals similarities and differences beteen the two cultural groups examined. Each cultural group rendered both positive and negative emotional responces from the survey and their perceptions of the trustworthiness also varied.

This paper explores the effect of culture on the emotions invoked when different web sites are viewed and the perception of that website's trustworthiness. Traditionally, researchers in the human computer interaction (HCI) field have focused on task-oriented usability, committed to improving efficiency. Eventually, the importance of other aspects of technology use was recognized, one of which were emotions, all grouped under the umbrella term - user experience. Numerous studies show that culture has an influence on the user's perception of usability and interface preferences. Seeing this relationship between culture and usability, one between culture and user experience remains to be explored. A survey was conducted as part of the methodology, where two cultural groups, Bosnians and the Chinese participated, with the aim of capturing differences and similarities in the perceptions of different classes of websites. The different types used were flash-based, text-dominated, combination of text and graphics, graphic-intensive and virtual reality. Two samples were culture-specific and the rest either Australian or American. The study reveals the similarities and differences between the two cultural groups examined. Each cultural group rendered both positive and negative emotional responses from the survey and their perceptions of trustworthiness also varied.

This paper explores the effect of culture on the emotions invoked when different web sites are viewed and the perception that website's trustworthiness. Traditionally, researchers in the human computer interaction (HCI) field have focused on task-orientated usability, cmmitted to improving efficiency. Eventually the importance of other aspects of technology use was recognized, one of which were emotions, all grouped under the umbrella term - user experience. Numerous studies show that culture has an influence on the user's perception of usability and interface preferences. Seeing this relationship between culture and usabilty, one between culture and user experience remains to be explored. A survey was conducted as part of the methodology, where two cultural groups, Bosnians and the Chineese participated, with the aim of capturing differences and similarities, in the perceptions of different classes of websites. The different types used were flash-based, text-dominated, combination of text and graphics, graphic-intensive and virtual reality. Two samples were culture-specific and the rest either Australian or American. The study reveals similarities and differences beteen the two cultural groups examined. Each cultural group rendered both positive and negative emotional responces from the survey and their perceptions of the trustworthiness also varied.