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1. Neutrino propagation through Earth: modeling uncertainties using nuPyProp

Author: Garg, Diksha, Reno, Mary Hall, Patel, Sameer, Ruestle, Alexander, Akaike, Yosui, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bergman, Douglas R., Buckland, Isaac, Cummings, Austin L., Eser, Johannes, Garcia, Fred, Guépin, Claire, Heibges, Tobias, Ludwig, Andrew, Krizmanic, John F., Mackovjak, Simon, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Olinto, Angela V., Paul, Thomas C., Romero-Wolf, Andrés, Sarazin, Frédéric, Venters, Tonia M., Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Garg, Diksha, Reno, Mary Hall, Patel, Sameer, Ruestle, Alexander, Akaike, Yosui, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bergman, Douglas R., Buckland, Isaac, Cummings, Austin L., Eser, Johannes, Garcia, Fred, Guépin, Claire, Heibges, Tobias, Ludwig, Andrew, Krizmanic, John F., Mackovjak, Simon, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Olinto, Angela V., Paul, Thomas C., Romero-Wolf, Andrés, Sarazin, Frédéric, Venters, Tonia M., Wiencke, Lawrence, and Wissel, Stephanie
Abstract: Using the Earth as a neutrino converter, tau neutrino fluxes from astrophysical point sources can be detected by tau-lepton-induced extensive air showers (EASs). Both muon neutrino and tau neutrino induced upward-going EAS signals can be detected by terrestrial, sub-orbital and satellite-based instruments. The sensitivity of these neutrino telescopes can be evaluated with the nuSpaceSim package, which includes the nuPyProp simulation package. The nuPyProp package propagates neutrinos ($\nu_\mu$, $\nu_\tau$) through the Earth to produce the corresponding charged leptons (muons and tau-leptons). We use nuPyProp to quantify the uncertainties from Earth density models, tau depolarization effects and photo-nuclear electromagnetic energy loss models in the charged lepton exit probabilities and their spectra. The largest uncertainties come from electromagnetic energy loss modeling, with as much as a 20-50% difference between the models. We compare nuPyProp results with other simulation package results., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings for International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC) 2023
Published: 2023

2. Neutrino propagation through Earth: modeling uncertainties using nuPyProp

Author: Garg, Diksha, Reno, Mary Hall, Patel, Sameer, Ruestle, Alexander, Akaike, Yosui, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bergman, Douglas R., Buckland, Isaac, Cummings, Austin L., Eser, Johannes, Garcia, Fred, Guépin, Claire, Heibges, Tobias, Ludwig, Andrew, Krizmanic, John F., Mackovjak, Simon, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Olinto, Angela V., Paul, Thomas C., Romero-Wolf, Andrés, Sarazin, Frédéric, Venters, Tonia M., Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Garg, Diksha, Reno, Mary Hall, Patel, Sameer, Ruestle, Alexander, Akaike, Yosui, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bergman, Douglas R., Buckland, Isaac, Cummings, Austin L., Eser, Johannes, Garcia, Fred, Guépin, Claire, Heibges, Tobias, Ludwig, Andrew, Krizmanic, John F., Mackovjak, Simon, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Olinto, Angela V., Paul, Thomas C., Romero-Wolf, Andrés, Sarazin, Frédéric, Venters, Tonia M., Wiencke, Lawrence, and Wissel, Stephanie
Abstract: Using the Earth as a neutrino converter, tau neutrino fluxes from astrophysical point sources can be detected by tau-lepton-induced extensive air showers (EASs). Both muon neutrino and tau neutrino induced upward-going EAS signals can be detected by terrestrial, sub-orbital and satellite-based instruments. The sensitivity of these neutrino telescopes can be evaluated with the nuSpaceSim package, which includes the nuPyProp simulation package. The nuPyProp package propagates neutrinos ($\nu_\mu$, $\nu_\tau$) through the Earth to produce the corresponding charged leptons (muons and tau-leptons). We use nuPyProp to quantify the uncertainties from Earth density models, tau depolarization effects and photo-nuclear electromagnetic energy loss models in the charged lepton exit probabilities and their spectra. The largest uncertainties come from electromagnetic energy loss modeling, with as much as a 20-50% difference between the models. We compare nuPyProp results with other simulation package results., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings for International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC) 2023
Published: 2023

3. Tau Neutrinos in the Next Decade: from GeV to EeV

Author: Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Argüelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvêa, André, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind V., Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhu, Jing-yu, Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Argüelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvêa, André, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind V., Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhu, Jing-yu
Abstract: Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the Standard Model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop., Comment: 154 pages, 63 figures, 10 tables, 68 endorsers, comments welcome~ Contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

4. High-Energy and Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos

Author: Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Argüelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Hörandel, Jörg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Vandenbroucke, Justin, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhou, Bei, Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Argüelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Hörandel, Jörg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Vandenbroucke, Justin, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhou, Bei
Abstract: Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos, high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos probe fundamental physics from the TeV scale to the EeV scale and beyond. They are sensitive to physics both within and beyond the Standard Model through their production mechanisms and in their propagation over cosmological distances. They carry unique information about their extreme non-thermal sources by giving insight into regions that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation. This white paper describes the opportunities astrophysical neutrino observations offer for astrophysics and high-energy physics, today and in coming years., Comment: contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

5. The Future of Gamma-Ray Experiments in the MeV-EeV Range

Author: Engel, Kristi, Goodman, Jordan, Huentemeyer, Petra, Kierans, Carolyn, Lewis, Tiffany R., Negro, Michela, Santander, Marcos, Williams, David A., Allen, Alice, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Batista, Rafael Alves, Benoit, Mathieu, Bloser, Peter, Bohon, Jennifer, Bolotnikov, Aleksey E., Brewer, Isabella, Briggs, Michael S., Brisbois, Chad, Burgess, J. Michael, Burns, Eric, Caputo, Regina, Carini, Gabriella A., Cenko, S. Bradley, Charles, Eric, Ciprini, Stefano, D'Elia, Valerio, Daylan, Tansu, Distel, James, Donath, Axel, Duvall, Wade, Fleischhack, Henrike, Fletcher, Corinne, Fong, Wen Fe, Gasparrini, Dario, Giardino, Marco, Goldstein, Adam, Griffin, Sean, Grove, J. Eric, Hamburg, Rachel, Harding, J. Patrick, Hare, Jeremy, Hristov, Boyan, Hui, C. Michelle, Jaffe, Tess, Jenke, Pete, Kargaltsev, Oleg, Karwin, Christopher M., Kerr, Matthew, Kim, Dongsung, Kocevski, Daniel, Krizmanic, John, Laha, Ranjan, Di Lalla, Niccolo, Legere, Jason, Leto, Cristina, Leys, Richard, Lucarelli, Fabrizio, Martinez-Castellanos, Israel, Maselli, Alessandro, Mazziotta, M. Nicola, McConnell, Mark, McEnery, Julie, Metcalfe, Jessica, Meyer, Manuel, Moiseev, Alexander A., Mukherjee, Reshmi, Ogasawara, Keiichi, Omodei, Nicola, Peric, Ivan, Perkins, Jeremy S., Perri, Matteo, Pittori, Carlotta, Polenta, Gianluca, Poulson, Daniel, Preece, Robert, Principe, Giacomo, Racusin, Judith L., Roberts, Oliver, Rodd, Nicholas L., Shawhan, Peter, Shutt, Thomas, Sleator, Clio, Smale, Alan, Smedley, John, Smith, Jacob R., Tasson, Jay, Teuben, Peter, Tomsick, John, Veres, Peter, Verrecchia, Francesco, Wadiasingh, Zorawar, Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A., Wood, Joshua, Woolf, Richard S., Yang, Hui, Zhang, Bing, Zhang, Haocheng, Zoglauer, Andreas, Engel, Kristi, Goodman, Jordan, Huentemeyer, Petra, Kierans, Carolyn, Lewis, Tiffany R., Negro, Michela, Santander, Marcos, Williams, David A., Allen, Alice, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Batista, Rafael Alves, Benoit, Mathieu, Bloser, Peter, Bohon, Jennifer, Bolotnikov, Aleksey E., Brewer, Isabella, Briggs, Michael S., Brisbois, Chad, Burgess, J. Michael, Burns, Eric, Caputo, Regina, Carini, Gabriella A., Cenko, S. Bradley, Charles, Eric, Ciprini, Stefano, D'Elia, Valerio, Daylan, Tansu, Distel, James, Donath, Axel, Duvall, Wade, Fleischhack, Henrike, Fletcher, Corinne, Fong, Wen Fe, Gasparrini, Dario, Giardino, Marco, Goldstein, Adam, Griffin, Sean, Grove, J. Eric, Hamburg, Rachel, Harding, J. Patrick, Hare, Jeremy, Hristov, Boyan, Hui, C. Michelle, Jaffe, Tess, Jenke, Pete, Kargaltsev, Oleg, Karwin, Christopher M., Kerr, Matthew, Kim, Dongsung, Kocevski, Daniel, Krizmanic, John, Laha, Ranjan, Di Lalla, Niccolo, Legere, Jason, Leto, Cristina, Leys, Richard, Lucarelli, Fabrizio, Martinez-Castellanos, Israel, Maselli, Alessandro, Mazziotta, M. Nicola, McConnell, Mark, McEnery, Julie, Metcalfe, Jessica, Meyer, Manuel, Moiseev, Alexander A., Mukherjee, Reshmi, Ogasawara, Keiichi, Omodei, Nicola, Peric, Ivan, Perkins, Jeremy S., Perri, Matteo, Pittori, Carlotta, Polenta, Gianluca, Poulson, Daniel, Preece, Robert, Principe, Giacomo, Racusin, Judith L., Roberts, Oliver, Rodd, Nicholas L., Shawhan, Peter, Shutt, Thomas, Sleator, Clio, Smale, Alan, Smedley, John, Smith, Jacob R., Tasson, Jay, Teuben, Peter, Tomsick, John, Veres, Peter, Verrecchia, Francesco, Wadiasingh, Zorawar, Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A., Wood, Joshua, Woolf, Richard S., Yang, Hui, Zhang, Bing, Zhang, Haocheng, and Zoglauer, Andreas
Abstract: Gamma-rays, the most energetic photons, carry information from the far reaches of extragalactic space with minimal interaction or loss of information. They bring messages about particle acceleration in environments so extreme they cannot be reproduced on earth for a closer look. Gamma-ray astrophysics is so complementary with collider work that particle physicists and astroparticle physicists are often one in the same. Gamma-ray instruments, especially the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, have been pivotal in major multi-messenger discoveries over the past decade. There is presently a great deal of interest and scientific expertise available to push forward new technologies, to plan and build space- and ground-based gamma-ray facilities, and to build multi-messenger networks with gamma rays at their core. It is therefore concerning that before the community comes together for planning exercises again, much of that infrastructure could be lost to a lack of long-term planning for support of gamma-ray astrophysics. Gamma-rays with energies from the MeV to the EeV band are therefore central to multiwavelength and multi-messenger studies to everything from astroparticle physics with compact objects, to dark matter studies with diffuse large scale structure. These goals and new discoveries have generated a wave of new gamma-ray facility proposals and programs. This paper highlights new and proposed gamma-ray technologies and facilities that have each been designed to address specific needs in the measurement of extreme astrophysical sources that probe some of the most pressing questions in fundamental physics for the next decade. The proposed instrumentation would also address the priorities laid out in the recent Astro2020 Decadal Survey, a complementary study by the astrophysics community that provides opportunities also relevant to Snowmass., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

6. Tau Neutrinos in the Next Decade: from GeV to EeV

Author: Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Argüelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvêa, André, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind V., Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhu, Jing-yu, Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Argüelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvêa, André, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind V., Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhu, Jing-yu
Abstract: Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the Standard Model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop., Comment: 154 pages, 63 figures, 10 tables, 68 endorsers, comments welcome~ Contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

7. High-Energy and Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos

Author: Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Argüelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Das, Sudipta, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Hörandel, Jörg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Valera, Victor B., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhou, Bei, Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Argüelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Das, Sudipta, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Hörandel, Jörg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Valera, Victor B., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhou, Bei
Abstract: Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos, high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos probe fundamental physics from the TeV scale to the EeV scale and beyond. They are sensitive to physics both within and beyond the Standard Model through their production mechanisms and in their propagation over cosmological distances. They carry unique information about their extreme non-thermal sources by giving insight into regions that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation. This white paper describes the opportunities astrophysical neutrino observations offer for astrophysics and high-energy physics, today and in coming years., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021, updated to include community feedback
Published: 2022

8. High-Energy and Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos

Author: Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Argüelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Das, Sudipta, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Hörandel, Jörg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Valera, Victor B., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhou, Bei, Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Argüelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Das, Sudipta, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Hörandel, Jörg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Valera, Victor B., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhou, Bei
Abstract: Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos, high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos probe fundamental physics from the TeV scale to the EeV scale and beyond. They are sensitive to physics both within and beyond the Standard Model through their production mechanisms and in their propagation over cosmological distances. They carry unique information about their extreme non-thermal sources by giving insight into regions that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation. This white paper describes the opportunities astrophysical neutrino observations offer for astrophysics and high-energy physics, today and in coming years., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021, updated to include community feedback
Published: 2022

9. Tau Neutrinos in the Next Decade: from GeV to EeV

Author: Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Argüelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvêa, André, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind V., Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, V, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhu, Jing-yu, Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Argüelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvêa, André, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind V., Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, V, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhu, Jing-yu
Abstract: Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the Standard Model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop., Comment: 155 pages, 63 figures, 10 tables, 69 endorsers, comments welcome, Contribution to Snowmass 2021. v2: published version
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Tau neutrinos in the next decade : from GeV to EeV

Author: Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, V, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhu, Jing-yu, Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, V, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhu, Jing-yu
Abstract: Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the standard model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. High-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos : A Snowmass white paper

Author: Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Arguelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Das, Sudipta, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Horandel, Jorg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Valera, Victor B., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelning, Pavel, Zhou, Bei, Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Arguelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Das, Sudipta, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Horandel, Jorg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Valera, Victor B., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelning, Pavel, and Zhou, Bei
Abstract: Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos, high-energy and ultrahigh-energy neutrinos probe fundamental physics from the TeV scale to the EeV scale and beyond. They are sensitive to physics both within and beyond the Standard Model through their production mechanisms and in their propagation over cosmological distances. They carry unique information about their extreme non-thermal sources by giving insight into regions that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation. This white paper describes the opportunities astrophysical neutrino observations offer for astrophysics and high-energy physics, today and in coming years.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Tau neutrinos in the next decade : from GeV to EeV

Author: Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, V, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhu, Jing-yu, Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, V, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhu, Jing-yu
Abstract: Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the standard model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Tau neutrinos in the next decade : from GeV to EeV

Author: Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, V, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhu, Jing-yu, Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, V, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhu, Jing-yu
Abstract: Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the standard model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Tau neutrinos in the next decade : from GeV to EeV

Author: Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, V, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhu, Jing-yu, Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, V, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhu, Jing-yu
Abstract: Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the standard model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Report of the Topical Group on Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics for for Snowmass 2021

Author: Adhikari, Rana X., Anchordoqui, Luis A., Fang, Ke, Sathyaprakash, B. S., Tollefson, Kirsten, Lewis, Tiffany R., Engel, Kristi, Aboubrahim, Amin, Akarsu, Ozgur, Akrami, Yashar, Aloisio, Roberto, Batista, Rafael Alves, Ballardini, Mario, Ballmer, Stefan W., Bechtol, Ellen, Benisty, David, Berti, Emanuele, Birrer, Simon, Bonilla, Alexander, Brito, Richard, Bustamante, Mauricio, Caldwell, Robert, Cardoso, Vitor, Chakrabarti, Sukanya, Chen, Thomas Y., Cicoli, Michele, Clesse, Sebastien, Coleman, Alan, Cui, Yanou, Cusin, Giulia, Daylan, Tansu, Dienes, Keith R., Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dvorkin, Cora, Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, Farrar, Glennys R., Feng, Jonathan L., Frusciante, Noemi, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Canal, Carlos Garcia, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glombitza, Jonas, Golup, Geraldina, Gritsevich, Maria, Haiman, Zoltan, Haro, Jaume, Hazra, Dhiraj Kumar, Heavens, Alan, Holz, Daniel, Horandel, Jorg R., Ishak, Mustapha, Ivanov, Mikhail M., Joudaki, Shahab, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Karwin, Christopher M., Keeley, Ryan, Klasen, Michael, Konoplich, Rostislav, Krizmanic, John F., Kumar, Suresh, L'Huillier, Benjamin, Levi, Noam, Mandic, Vuk, Marra, Valerio, Martins, C. J. A. P., Matarrese, Sabino, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Mersini-Houghton, Laura, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Andrew L., Mottola, Emil, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Murase, Kohta, Muzio, Marco Stein, Nath, Pran, Ng, Ken K. Y., No, Jose Miguel, Nunes, Rafael C., Olinto, Angela V., Pace, Francesco, Pan, Supriya, Bergliaffa, Santiago E. Perez, Pogosian, Levon, Read, Jocelyn, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Reno, Mary Hall, Riess, Adam G., Sakellariadou, Mairi, Sakharov, Alexander S., Salucci, Paolo, Santander, Marcos, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Saridakis, Emmanuel N., Sciutto, Sergio J., Shafieloo, Arman, Shoemaker, David H., Sinha, Kuver, Soldin, Dennis, Soriano, Jorge F., Staicova, Denitsa, Sun, Ling, Steer, D. A., Thomas, Brooks, Tomsick, John A., Valera, Victor B., Vazquez, J. Alberto, Venters, Tonia M., Visinelli, Luca, Watson, Scott, Webb, John K., Weltman, Amanda, White, Graham, Wissel, Stephanie, Yadav, Anil Kumar, Yang, Fengwei, Yang, Weiqiang, Yunes, Nicolas, Yushkov, Alexey, Zhang, Haocheng, Adhikari, Rana X., Anchordoqui, Luis A., Fang, Ke, Sathyaprakash, B. S., Tollefson, Kirsten, Lewis, Tiffany R., Engel, Kristi, Aboubrahim, Amin, Akarsu, Ozgur, Akrami, Yashar, Aloisio, Roberto, Batista, Rafael Alves, Ballardini, Mario, Ballmer, Stefan W., Bechtol, Ellen, Benisty, David, Berti, Emanuele, Birrer, Simon, Bonilla, Alexander, Brito, Richard, Bustamante, Mauricio, Caldwell, Robert, Cardoso, Vitor, Chakrabarti, Sukanya, Chen, Thomas Y., Cicoli, Michele, Clesse, Sebastien, Coleman, Alan, Cui, Yanou, Cusin, Giulia, Daylan, Tansu, Dienes, Keith R., Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dvorkin, Cora, Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, Farrar, Glennys R., Feng, Jonathan L., Frusciante, Noemi, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Canal, Carlos Garcia, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glombitza, Jonas, Golup, Geraldina, Gritsevich, Maria, Haiman, Zoltan, Haro, Jaume, Hazra, Dhiraj Kumar, Heavens, Alan, Holz, Daniel, Horandel, Jorg R., Ishak, Mustapha, Ivanov, Mikhail M., Joudaki, Shahab, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Karwin, Christopher M., Keeley, Ryan, Klasen, Michael, Konoplich, Rostislav, Krizmanic, John F., Kumar, Suresh, L'Huillier, Benjamin, Levi, Noam, Mandic, Vuk, Marra, Valerio, Martins, C. J. A. P., Matarrese, Sabino, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Mersini-Houghton, Laura, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Andrew L., Mottola, Emil, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Murase, Kohta, Muzio, Marco Stein, Nath, Pran, Ng, Ken K. Y., No, Jose Miguel, Nunes, Rafael C., Olinto, Angela V., Pace, Francesco, Pan, Supriya, Bergliaffa, Santiago E. Perez, Pogosian, Levon, Read, Jocelyn, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Reno, Mary Hall, Riess, Adam G., Sakellariadou, Mairi, Sakharov, Alexander S., Salucci, Paolo, Santander, Marcos, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Saridakis, Emmanuel N., Sciutto, Sergio J., Shafieloo, Arman, Shoemaker, David H., Sinha, Kuver, Soldin, Dennis, Soriano, Jorge F., Staicova, Denitsa, Sun, Ling, Steer, D. A., Thomas, Brooks, Tomsick, John A., Valera, Victor B., Vazquez, J. Alberto, Venters, Tonia M., Visinelli, Luca, Watson, Scott, Webb, John K., Weltman, Amanda, White, Graham, Wissel, Stephanie, Yadav, Anil Kumar, Yang, Fengwei, Yang, Weiqiang, Yunes, Nicolas, Yushkov, Alexey, and Zhang, Haocheng
Abstract: Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics take two primary forms: Very high energy particles (cosmic rays, neutrinos, and gamma rays) and gravitational waves. Already today, these probes give access to fundamental physics not available by any other means, helping elucidate the underlying theory that completes the Standard Model. The last decade has witnessed a revolution of exciting discoveries such as the detection of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves. The scope for major developments in the next decades is dramatic, as we detail in this report., Comment: Report of theTopical Group on Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics, for the U.S. decadal Particle Physics Planning Exercise (Snowmass 2021)
Published: 2022

16. Neutrino propagation in the Earth and emerging charged leptons with $\texttt{nuPyProp}$

Author: Garg, Diksha, Patel, Sameer, Reno, Mary Hall, Reustle, Alexander, Akaike, Yosui, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bergman, Douglas R., Buckland, Isaac, Cummings, Austin L., Eser, Johannes, Garcia, Fred, Guépin, Claire, Heibges, Tobias, Ludwig, Andrew, Krizmanic, John F., Mackovjak, Simon, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Olinto, Angela V., Paul, Thomas C., Romero-Wolf, Andrés, Sarazin, Frédéric, Venters, Tonia M., Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Garg, Diksha, Patel, Sameer, Reno, Mary Hall, Reustle, Alexander, Akaike, Yosui, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bergman, Douglas R., Buckland, Isaac, Cummings, Austin L., Eser, Johannes, Garcia, Fred, Guépin, Claire, Heibges, Tobias, Ludwig, Andrew, Krizmanic, John F., Mackovjak, Simon, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Olinto, Angela V., Paul, Thomas C., Romero-Wolf, Andrés, Sarazin, Frédéric, Venters, Tonia M., Wiencke, Lawrence, and Wissel, Stephanie
Abstract: Ultra-high-energy neutrinos serve as messengers of some of the highest energy astrophysical environments. Given that neutrinos are neutral and only interact via weak interactions, neutrinos can emerge from sources, traverse astronomical distances, and point back to their origins. Their weak interactions require large target volumes for neutrino detection. Using the Earth as a neutrino converter, terrestrial, sub-orbital, and satellite-based instruments are able to detect signals of neutrino-induced extensive air showers. In this paper, we describe the software code $\texttt{nuPyProp}$ that simulates tau neutrino and muon neutrino interactions in the Earth and predicts the spectrum of the $\tau$-lepton and muons that emerge. The $\texttt{nuPyProp}$ outputs are lookup tables of charged lepton exit probabilities and energies that can be used directly or as inputs to the $\texttt{nuSpaceSim}$ code designed to simulate optical and radio signals from extensive air showers induced by the emerging charged leptons. We describe the inputs to the code, demonstrate its flexibility and show selected results for $\tau$-lepton and muon exit probabilities and energy distributions. The $\texttt{nuPyProp}$ code is open source, available on Github., Comment: 42 pages, 21 figures, fixed typo in one of the author's name. Code available at https://github.com/NuSpaceSim/nupyprop
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. High-Energy and Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos

Author: Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Argüelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Das, Sudipta, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Hörandel, Jörg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Valera, Victor B., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhou, Bei, Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Argüelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Das, Sudipta, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Hörandel, Jörg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Valera, Victor B., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhou, Bei
Abstract: Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos, high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos probe fundamental physics from the TeV scale to the EeV scale and beyond. They are sensitive to physics both within and beyond the Standard Model through their production mechanisms and in their propagation over cosmological distances. They carry unique information about their extreme non-thermal sources by giving insight into regions that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation. This white paper describes the opportunities astrophysical neutrino observations offer for astrophysics and high-energy physics, today and in coming years., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021, updated to include community feedback
Published: 2022

18. Tau Neutrinos in the Next Decade: from GeV to EeV

Author: Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Argüelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvêa, André, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind V., Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, V, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhu, Jing-yu, Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Argüelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvêa, André, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind V., Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, V, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhu, Jing-yu
Abstract: Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the Standard Model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop., Comment: 155 pages, 63 figures, 10 tables, 69 endorsers, comments welcome, Contribution to Snowmass 2021. v2: published version
Published: 2022
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19. Tau neutrinos in the next decade:from GeV to EeV

Author: Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhu, Jing-yu, Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhu, Jing-yu
Abstract: Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the standard model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop.
Published: 2022

20. High-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos:A Snowmass white paper

Author: Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Arguelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Das, Sudipta, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Horandel, Jorg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Valera, Victor B., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelning, Pavel, Zhou, Bei, Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Arguelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Das, Sudipta, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Horandel, Jorg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Valera, Victor B., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelning, Pavel, and Zhou, Bei
Abstract: Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos, high-energy and ultrahigh-energy neutrinos probe fundamental physics from the TeV scale to the EeV scale and beyond. They are sensitive to physics both within and beyond the Standard Model through their production mechanisms and in their propagation over cosmological distances. They carry unique information about their extreme non-thermal sources by giving insight into regions that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation. This white paper describes the opportunities astrophysical neutrino observations offer for astrophysics and high-energy physics, today and in coming years. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2022

21. Tau neutrinos in the next decade:from GeV to EeV

Author: Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhu, Jing-yu, Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhu, Jing-yu
Abstract: Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the standard model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop.
Published: 2022

22. Tau neutrinos in the next decade : from GeV to EeV

Author: Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, V, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhu, Jing-yu, Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime, Arguelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvea, Andre, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind, V, Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, Jeremy, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhu, Jing-yu
Abstract: Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the standard model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Neutrino propagation in the Earth and emerging charged leptons with $\texttt{nuPyProp}$

Author: Garg, Diksha, Patel, Sameer, Reno, Mary Hall, Reustle, Alexander, Akaike, Yosui, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bergman, Douglas R., Buckland, Isaac, Cummings, Austin L., Eser, Johannes, Garcia, Fred, Guépin, Claire, Heibges, Tobias, Ludwig, Andrew, Krizmanic, John F., Mackovjak, Simon, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Olinto, Angela V., Paul, Thomas C., Romero-Wolf, Andrés, Sarazin, Frédéric, Venters, Tonia M., Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Garg, Diksha, Patel, Sameer, Reno, Mary Hall, Reustle, Alexander, Akaike, Yosui, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bergman, Douglas R., Buckland, Isaac, Cummings, Austin L., Eser, Johannes, Garcia, Fred, Guépin, Claire, Heibges, Tobias, Ludwig, Andrew, Krizmanic, John F., Mackovjak, Simon, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Olinto, Angela V., Paul, Thomas C., Romero-Wolf, Andrés, Sarazin, Frédéric, Venters, Tonia M., Wiencke, Lawrence, and Wissel, Stephanie
Abstract: Ultra-high-energy neutrinos serve as messengers of some of the highest energy astrophysical environments. Given that neutrinos are neutral and only interact via weak interactions, neutrinos can emerge from sources, traverse astronomical distances, and point back to their origins. Their weak interactions require large target volumes for neutrino detection. Using the Earth as a neutrino converter, terrestrial, sub-orbital, and satellite-based instruments are able to detect signals of neutrino-induced extensive air showers. In this paper, we describe the software code $\texttt{nuPyProp}$ that simulates tau neutrino and muon neutrino interactions in the Earth and predicts the spectrum of the $\tau$-lepton and muons that emerge. The $\texttt{nuPyProp}$ outputs are lookup tables of charged lepton exit probabilities and energies that can be used directly or as inputs to the $\texttt{nuSpaceSim}$ code designed to simulate optical and radio signals from extensive air showers induced by the emerging charged leptons. We describe the inputs to the code, demonstrate its flexibility and show selected results for $\tau$-lepton and muon exit probabilities and energy distributions. The $\texttt{nuPyProp}$ code is open source, available on Github., Comment: 42 pages, 21 figures, fixed typo in one of the author's name. Code available at https://github.com/NuSpaceSim/nupyprop
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Report of the Topical Group on Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics for for Snowmass 2021

Author: Adhikari, Rana X., Anchordoqui, Luis A., Fang, Ke, Sathyaprakash, B. S., Tollefson, Kirsten, Lewis, Tiffany R., Engel, Kristi, Aboubrahim, Amin, Akarsu, Ozgur, Akrami, Yashar, Aloisio, Roberto, Batista, Rafael Alves, Ballardini, Mario, Ballmer, Stefan W., Bechtol, Ellen, Benisty, David, Berti, Emanuele, Birrer, Simon, Bonilla, Alexander, Brito, Richard, Bustamante, Mauricio, Caldwell, Robert, Cardoso, Vitor, Chakrabarti, Sukanya, Chen, Thomas Y., Cicoli, Michele, Clesse, Sebastien, Coleman, Alan, Cui, Yanou, Cusin, Giulia, Daylan, Tansu, Dienes, Keith R., Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dvorkin, Cora, Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, Farrar, Glennys R., Feng, Jonathan L., Frusciante, Noemi, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Canal, Carlos Garcia, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glombitza, Jonas, Golup, Geraldina, Gritsevich, Maria, Haiman, Zoltan, Haro, Jaume, Hazra, Dhiraj Kumar, Heavens, Alan, Holz, Daniel, Horandel, Jorg R., Ishak, Mustapha, Ivanov, Mikhail M., Joudaki, Shahab, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Karwin, Christopher M., Keeley, Ryan, Klasen, Michael, Konoplich, Rostislav, Krizmanic, John F., Kumar, Suresh, L'Huillier, Benjamin, Levi, Noam, Mandic, Vuk, Marra, Valerio, Martins, C. J. A. P., Matarrese, Sabino, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Mersini-Houghton, Laura, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Andrew L., Mottola, Emil, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Murase, Kohta, Muzio, Marco Stein, Nath, Pran, Ng, Ken K. Y., No, Jose Miguel, Nunes, Rafael C., Olinto, Angela V., Pace, Francesco, Pan, Supriya, Bergliaffa, Santiago E. Perez, Pogosian, Levon, Read, Jocelyn, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Reno, Mary Hall, Riess, Adam G., Sakellariadou, Mairi, Sakharov, Alexander S., Salucci, Paolo, Santander, Marcos, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Saridakis, Emmanuel N., Sciutto, Sergio J., Shafieloo, Arman, Shoemaker, David H., Sinha, Kuver, Soldin, Dennis, Soriano, Jorge F., Staicova, Denitsa, Sun, Ling, Steer, D. A., Thomas, Brooks, Tomsick, John A., Valera, Victor B., Vazquez, J. Alberto, Venters, Tonia M., Visinelli, Luca, Watson, Scott, Webb, John K., Weltman, Amanda, White, Graham, Wissel, Stephanie, Yadav, Anil Kumar, Yang, Fengwei, Yang, Weiqiang, Yunes, Nicolas, Yushkov, Alexey, Zhang, Haocheng, Adhikari, Rana X., Anchordoqui, Luis A., Fang, Ke, Sathyaprakash, B. S., Tollefson, Kirsten, Lewis, Tiffany R., Engel, Kristi, Aboubrahim, Amin, Akarsu, Ozgur, Akrami, Yashar, Aloisio, Roberto, Batista, Rafael Alves, Ballardini, Mario, Ballmer, Stefan W., Bechtol, Ellen, Benisty, David, Berti, Emanuele, Birrer, Simon, Bonilla, Alexander, Brito, Richard, Bustamante, Mauricio, Caldwell, Robert, Cardoso, Vitor, Chakrabarti, Sukanya, Chen, Thomas Y., Cicoli, Michele, Clesse, Sebastien, Coleman, Alan, Cui, Yanou, Cusin, Giulia, Daylan, Tansu, Dienes, Keith R., Di Valentino, Eleonora, Dvorkin, Cora, Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, Farrar, Glennys R., Feng, Jonathan L., Frusciante, Noemi, Garcia-Bellido, Juan, Canal, Carlos Garcia, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glombitza, Jonas, Golup, Geraldina, Gritsevich, Maria, Haiman, Zoltan, Haro, Jaume, Hazra, Dhiraj Kumar, Heavens, Alan, Holz, Daniel, Horandel, Jorg R., Ishak, Mustapha, Ivanov, Mikhail M., Joudaki, Shahab, Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Karwin, Christopher M., Keeley, Ryan, Klasen, Michael, Konoplich, Rostislav, Krizmanic, John F., Kumar, Suresh, L'Huillier, Benjamin, Levi, Noam, Mandic, Vuk, Marra, Valerio, Martins, C. J. A. P., Matarrese, Sabino, Mayotte, Eric, Mayotte, Sonja, Mersini-Houghton, Laura, Meyers, Joel, Miller, Andrew L., Mottola, Emil, Mukherjee, Suvodip, Murase, Kohta, Muzio, Marco Stein, Nath, Pran, Ng, Ken K. Y., No, Jose Miguel, Nunes, Rafael C., Olinto, Angela V., Pace, Francesco, Pan, Supriya, Bergliaffa, Santiago E. Perez, Pogosian, Levon, Read, Jocelyn, Reininghaus, Maximilian, Reno, Mary Hall, Riess, Adam G., Sakellariadou, Mairi, Sakharov, Alexander S., Salucci, Paolo, Santander, Marcos, Santos, Eva, Sarazin, Fred, Saridakis, Emmanuel N., Sciutto, Sergio J., Shafieloo, Arman, Shoemaker, David H., Sinha, Kuver, Soldin, Dennis, Soriano, Jorge F., Staicova, Denitsa, Sun, Ling, Steer, D. A., Thomas, Brooks, Tomsick, John A., Valera, Victor B., Vazquez, J. Alberto, Venters, Tonia M., Visinelli, Luca, Watson, Scott, Webb, John K., Weltman, Amanda, White, Graham, Wissel, Stephanie, Yadav, Anil Kumar, Yang, Fengwei, Yang, Weiqiang, Yunes, Nicolas, Yushkov, Alexey, and Zhang, Haocheng
Abstract: Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics take two primary forms: Very high energy particles (cosmic rays, neutrinos, and gamma rays) and gravitational waves. Already today, these probes give access to fundamental physics not available by any other means, helping elucidate the underlying theory that completes the Standard Model. The last decade has witnessed a revolution of exciting discoveries such as the detection of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves. The scope for major developments in the next decades is dramatic, as we detail in this report., Comment: Report of theTopical Group on Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics, for the U.S. decadal Particle Physics Planning Exercise (Snowmass 2021)
Published: 2022

25. EAS optical Cherenkov signatures of tau neutrinos for space and suborbital detectors

Author: Reno, Mary Hall, Venters, Tonia M., Krizmanic, John F., Reno, Mary Hall, Venters, Tonia M., and Krizmanic, John F.
Abstract: Multi-messenger observations of transient astrophysical sources have the potential to characterize the highest energy accelerators and the most extreme environments in the Universe. Detection of neutrinos, in particular tau neutrinos generated by neutrino oscillations in transit from their sources to Earth, is possible for neutrino energies above 10 PeV using optical Cherenkov detectors imaging upward-moving extensive air showers (EAS). These EAS are produced from Earth interacting tau neutrinos leading to tau leptons that subsequently decay in the atmosphere. We compare neutrino detection sensitivities for generic short- and long-burst transient neutrino sources and sensitivities to the diffuse neutrino flux for the second generation Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon (EUSO-SPB2) balloon-borne mission and the proposed space-based Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) mission., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, ICRC 2021 proceedings
Published: 2022
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26. Neutrino Target-of-Opportunity Observations with Space-based and Suborbital Optical Cherenkov Detectors

Author: Venters, Tonia M., Reno, Mary Hall, Krizmanic, John F., Venters, Tonia M., Reno, Mary Hall, and Krizmanic, John F.
Abstract: Cosmic-ray accelerators capable of reaching ultra-high energies are expected to also produce very-high energy neutrinos via hadronic interactions within the source or its surrounding environment. Many of the candidate astrophysical source classes are either transient in nature or exhibit flaring activity. Using the Earth as a neutrino converter, suborbital and space-based optical Cherenkov detectors, such as POEMMA and EUSO-SPB2, will be able to detect upward-moving extensive air showers induced by decaying tau-leptons generated from cosmic tau neutrinos with energies $\sim 10$ PeV and above. Both EUSO-SPB2 and POEMMA will be able to quickly repoint, enabling rapid response to astrophysical transient events. We calculate the transient sensitivity and sky coverage for both EUSO-SPB2 and POEMMA, accounting for constraints imposed by the Sun and the Moon on the observation time. We also calculate both detectors' neutrino horizons for a variety of modeled astrophysical neutrino fluences. We find that both EUSO-SPB2 and POEMMA will achieve transient sensitivities at the level of modeled neutrino fluences for nearby sources. We conclude with a discussion of the prospects of each mission detecting at least one transient event for various modeled astrophysical neutrino sources., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021)
Published: 2022
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27. High-Energy and Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos

Author: Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Argüelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Das, Sudipta, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Hörandel, Jörg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Valera, Victor B., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhou, Bei, Ackermann, Markus, Agarwalla, Sanjib K., Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Batista, Rafael Alves, Argüelles, Carlos A., Bustamante, Mauricio, Clark, Brian A., Cummings, Austin, Das, Sudipta, Decoene, Valentin, Denton, Peter B., Dornic, Damien, Dzhilkibaev, Zhan-Arys, Farzan, Yasaman, Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Glaser, Christian, Heijboer, Aart, Hörandel, Jörg R., Illuminati, Giulia, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelley, John L., Kelly, Kevin J., Kheirandish, Ali, Klein, Spencer R., Krizmanic, John F., Larson, Michael J., Lu, Lu, Murase, Kohta, Narang, Ashish, Otte, Nepomuk, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Reno, Mary Hall, Resconi, Elisa, Santander, Marcos, Suvorova, Olga Vasil'evna, Valera, Victor B., Vandenbroucke, Justin, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Yoshida, Shigeru, Yuan, Tianlu, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhou, Bei
Abstract: Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos, high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos probe fundamental physics from the TeV scale to the EeV scale and beyond. They are sensitive to physics both within and beyond the Standard Model through their production mechanisms and in their propagation over cosmological distances. They carry unique information about their extreme non-thermal sources by giving insight into regions that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation. This white paper describes the opportunities astrophysical neutrino observations offer for astrophysics and high-energy physics, today and in coming years., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021, updated to include community feedback
Published: 2022

28. Tau Neutrinos in the Next Decade: from GeV to EeV

Author: Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Argüelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvêa, André, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind V., Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, V, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, Zhu, Jing-yu, Abraham, Roshan Mammen, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Argüelles, Carlos A., Ariga, Akitaka, Ariga, Tomoko, Aurisano, Adam, Autiero, Dario, Bishai, Mary, Bostan, Nilay, Bustamante, Mauricio, Cummings, Austin, Decoene, Valentin, de Gouvêa, André, De Lellis, Giovanni, De Roeck, Albert, Denton, Peter B., Di Crescenzo, Antonia, Diwan, Milind V., Farzan, Yasaman, Fedynitch, Anatoli, Feng, Jonathan L., Fields, Laura J., Garcia, Alfonso, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gehrlein, Julia, Glaser, Christian, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Hallmann, Steffen, Hewes, V, Indumathi, D., Ismail, Ahmed, Jana, Sudip, Jeong, Yu Seon, Kelly, Kevin J., Klein, Spencer R., Kling, Felix, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Koskinen, D. Jason, Krizmanic, John, Lazar, Jeff, Li, Yichen, Martinez-Soler, Ivan, Mocioiu, Irina, Nam, Jiwoo, Niess, Valentin, Otte, Nepomuk, Patel, Sameer, Petti, Roberto, Prechelt, Remy L., Prohira, Steven, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Reno, Mary Hall, Safa, Ibrahim, Sarasty-Segura, Carlos, Senthil, R. Thiru, Stachurska, Juliana, Tomalak, Oleksandr, Trojanowski, Sebastian, Wendell, Roger Alexandre, Williams, Dawn, Wissel, Stephanie, Yaeggy, Barbara, Zas, Enrique, Zhelnin, Pavel, and Zhu, Jing-yu
Abstract: Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the Standard Model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop., Comment: 155 pages, 63 figures, 10 tables, 69 endorsers, comments welcome, Contribution to Snowmass 2021. v2: published version
Published: 2022
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29. The Future of Gamma-Ray Experiments in the MeV-EeV Range

Author: Engel, Kristi, Goodman, Jordan, Huentemeyer, Petra, Kierans, Carolyn, Lewis, Tiffany R., Negro, Michela, Santander, Marcos, Williams, David A., Allen, Alice, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Batista, Rafael Alves, Benoit, Mathieu, Bloser, Peter, Bohon, Jennifer, Bolotnikov, Aleksey E., Brewer, Isabella, Briggs, Michael S., Brisbois, Chad, Burgess, J. Michael, Burns, Eric, Caputo, Regina, Carini, Gabriella A., Cenko, S. Bradley, Charles, Eric, Ciprini, Stefano, D'Elia, Valerio, Daylan, Tansu, Distel, James, Donath, Axel, Duvall, Wade, Fleischhack, Henrike, Fletcher, Corinne, Fong, Wen Fe, Gasparrini, Dario, Giardino, Marco, Goldstein, Adam, Griffin, Sean, Grove, J. Eric, Hamburg, Rachel, Harding, J. Patrick, Hare, Jeremy, Hristov, Boyan, Hui, C. Michelle, Jaffe, Tess, Jenke, Pete, Kargaltsev, Oleg, Karwin, Christopher M., Kerr, Matthew, Kim, Dongsung, Kocevski, Daniel, Krizmanic, John, Laha, Ranjan, Di Lalla, Niccolo, Legere, Jason, Leto, Cristina, Leys, Richard, Lucarelli, Fabrizio, Martinez-Castellanos, Israel, Maselli, Alessandro, Mazziotta, M. Nicola, McConnell, Mark, McEnery, Julie, Metcalfe, Jessica, Meyer, Manuel, Moiseev, Alexander A., Mukherjee, Reshmi, Ogasawara, Keiichi, Omodei, Nicola, Peric, Ivan, Perkins, Jeremy S., Perri, Matteo, Pittori, Carlotta, Polenta, Gianluca, Poulson, Daniel, Preece, Robert, Principe, Giacomo, Racusin, Judith L., Roberts, Oliver, Rodd, Nicholas L., Shawhan, Peter, Shutt, Thomas, Sleator, Clio, Smale, Alan, Smedley, John, Smith, Jacob R., Tasson, Jay, Teuben, Peter, Tomsick, John, Veres, Peter, Verrecchia, Francesco, Wadiasingh, Zorawar, Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A., Wood, Joshua, Woolf, Richard S., Yang, Hui, Zhang, Bing, Zhang, Haocheng, Zoglauer, Andreas, Engel, Kristi, Goodman, Jordan, Huentemeyer, Petra, Kierans, Carolyn, Lewis, Tiffany R., Negro, Michela, Santander, Marcos, Williams, David A., Allen, Alice, Aramaki, Tsuguo, Batista, Rafael Alves, Benoit, Mathieu, Bloser, Peter, Bohon, Jennifer, Bolotnikov, Aleksey E., Brewer, Isabella, Briggs, Michael S., Brisbois, Chad, Burgess, J. Michael, Burns, Eric, Caputo, Regina, Carini, Gabriella A., Cenko, S. Bradley, Charles, Eric, Ciprini, Stefano, D'Elia, Valerio, Daylan, Tansu, Distel, James, Donath, Axel, Duvall, Wade, Fleischhack, Henrike, Fletcher, Corinne, Fong, Wen Fe, Gasparrini, Dario, Giardino, Marco, Goldstein, Adam, Griffin, Sean, Grove, J. Eric, Hamburg, Rachel, Harding, J. Patrick, Hare, Jeremy, Hristov, Boyan, Hui, C. Michelle, Jaffe, Tess, Jenke, Pete, Kargaltsev, Oleg, Karwin, Christopher M., Kerr, Matthew, Kim, Dongsung, Kocevski, Daniel, Krizmanic, John, Laha, Ranjan, Di Lalla, Niccolo, Legere, Jason, Leto, Cristina, Leys, Richard, Lucarelli, Fabrizio, Martinez-Castellanos, Israel, Maselli, Alessandro, Mazziotta, M. Nicola, McConnell, Mark, McEnery, Julie, Metcalfe, Jessica, Meyer, Manuel, Moiseev, Alexander A., Mukherjee, Reshmi, Ogasawara, Keiichi, Omodei, Nicola, Peric, Ivan, Perkins, Jeremy S., Perri, Matteo, Pittori, Carlotta, Polenta, Gianluca, Poulson, Daniel, Preece, Robert, Principe, Giacomo, Racusin, Judith L., Roberts, Oliver, Rodd, Nicholas L., Shawhan, Peter, Shutt, Thomas, Sleator, Clio, Smale, Alan, Smedley, John, Smith, Jacob R., Tasson, Jay, Teuben, Peter, Tomsick, John, Veres, Peter, Verrecchia, Francesco, Wadiasingh, Zorawar, Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A., Wood, Joshua, Woolf, Richard S., Yang, Hui, Zhang, Bing, Zhang, Haocheng, and Zoglauer, Andreas
Abstract: Gamma-rays, the most energetic photons, carry information from the far reaches of extragalactic space with minimal interaction or loss of information. They bring messages about particle acceleration in environments so extreme they cannot be reproduced on earth for a closer look. Gamma-ray astrophysics is so complementary with collider work that particle physicists and astroparticle physicists are often one in the same. Gamma-ray instruments, especially the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, have been pivotal in major multi-messenger discoveries over the past decade. There is presently a great deal of interest and scientific expertise available to push forward new technologies, to plan and build space- and ground-based gamma-ray facilities, and to build multi-messenger networks with gamma rays at their core. It is therefore concerning that before the community comes together for planning exercises again, much of that infrastructure could be lost to a lack of long-term planning for support of gamma-ray astrophysics. Gamma-rays with energies from the MeV to the EeV band are therefore central to multiwavelength and multi-messenger studies to everything from astroparticle physics with compact objects, to dark matter studies with diffuse large scale structure. These goals and new discoveries have generated a wave of new gamma-ray facility proposals and programs. This paper highlights new and proposed gamma-ray technologies and facilities that have each been designed to address specific needs in the measurement of extreme astrophysical sources that probe some of the most pressing questions in fundamental physics for the next decade. The proposed instrumentation would also address the priorities laid out in the recent Astro2020 Decadal Survey, a complementary study by the astrophysics community that provides opportunities also relevant to Snowmass., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

30. Probing the properties of superheavy dark matter annihilating or decaying into neutrinos with ultra-high energy neutrino experiments

Author: Guépin, Claire, Aloisio, Roberto, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Cummings, Austin, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Reno, Mary Hall, Venters, Tonia M., Guépin, Claire, Aloisio, Roberto, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Cummings, Austin, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Reno, Mary Hall, and Venters, Tonia M.
Abstract: The evidence for dark matter particles, $\chi$, is compelling based on Galactic to cosmological scale observations. Thus far, the promising weakly interacting massive particle scenario have eluded detection, motivating alternative models of dark matter. We consider scenarios involving superheavy dark matter (SHDM) that potentially can decay or annihilate to neutrinos and antineutrinos. In the mass range $m_\chi=10^7-10^{15}\,{\rm GeV}$, we evaluate the sensitivities of future observatories POEMMA and GRAND for indirect dark matter detection via the measurement of neutrino-induced extensive air showers (EAS), compute the Auger and ANITA limits using their last up-to-date sensitivities, and compare them with IceCube limits. We also show that the uncertainties related to the dark matter distribution in the Galactic halo have a large impact on the neutrino flux. We show that a ground-based radio detector such as GRAND can achieve high sensitivities due to its large effective area and high duty cycle. Space-based Cherenkov detectors such as POEMMA that measure the EAS optical Cherenkov signal have the advantage of full-sky coverage and rapid slewing, enabling an optimized SHDM observation strategy focusing on the Galactic Center. We show that increasing the field of view of the Cherenkov detectors can significantly enhance the sensitivity. Moreover, POEMMA's fluorescence observation mode that measures EAS above $20\,$EeV will achieve state-of-the-art sensitivity to SHDM properties at the highest mass scales., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021)
Published: 2021

31. Overview of Cherenkov Telescope on-board EUSO-SPB2 for the Detection of Very-High-Energy Neutrinos

Author: Bagheri, Mahdi, Bertone, Peter, Fontane, Ivan, Gazda, Eliza, Judd, Eleanor G., Krizmanic, John F., Kuznetsov, Evgeny N., Miller, Michael J., Nachtman, Jane, Onel, Yasar, Otte, A. Nepomuk, Reardon, Patrick J., Matamala, Oscar Romero, Wang, Andrew, Wiencke, Lawrence, Bagheri, Mahdi, Bertone, Peter, Fontane, Ivan, Gazda, Eliza, Judd, Eleanor G., Krizmanic, John F., Kuznetsov, Evgeny N., Miller, Michael J., Nachtman, Jane, Onel, Yasar, Otte, A. Nepomuk, Reardon, Patrick J., Matamala, Oscar Romero, Wang, Andrew, and Wiencke, Lawrence
Abstract: We present the status of the development of a Cherenkov telescope to be flown on a long-duration balloon flight, the Extreme Universe Space Observatory Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2). EUSO-SPB2 is an approved NASA balloon mission that is planned to fly in 2023 and is a precursor of the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA), a candidate for an Astrophysics probe-class mission. The purpose of the Cherenkov telescope on-board EUSOSPB2 is to classify known and unknown sources of backgrounds for future space-based neutrino detectors. Furthermore, we will use the Earth-skimming technique to search for Very-High-Energy (VHE) tau neutrinos below the limb (E > 10 PeV) and observe air showers from cosmic rays above the limb. The 0.785 m^2 Cherenkov telescope is equipped with a 512-pixel SiPM camera covering a 12.8{\deg} x 6.4{\deg} (Horizontal x Vertical) field of view. The camera signals are digitized with a 100 MS/s readout system. In this paper, we discuss the status of the telescope development, the camera integration, and simulation studies of the camera response., Comment: Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, PoS(ICRC2021) 1191
Published: 2021

32. Modeling the Optical Cherenkov Signals by Cosmic Ray Extensive Air Showers Directly Observed from Sub-Orbital and Orbital Altitudes

Author: Cummings, Austin, Aloisio, Roberto, Eser, Johannes, Krizmanic, John, Cummings, Austin, Aloisio, Roberto, Eser, Johannes, and Krizmanic, John
Abstract: Future experiments based on the observation of Earth's atmosphere from sub-orbital and orbital altitudes plan to include optical Cherenkov cameras to observe extensive air showers produced by high-energy cosmic radiation via its interaction with both the Earth and its atmosphere. As discussed elsewhere, particularly relevant is the case of upward-moving showers initiated by astrophysical neutrinos skimming and interacting in the Earth. The Cherenkov cameras, by looking above Earth's limb, can also detect cosmic rays with energies starting from less than a PeV up to the highest energies (tens of EeV). Using a customized computation scheme to determine the expected optical Cherenkov signal from these high-energy cosmic rays, we estimate the sensitivity and event rate for balloon-borne and satellite-based instruments, focusing our analysis on the Extreme Universe Space Observatory aboard a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) and the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) experiments. We find the expected event rates to be larger than hundreds of events per hour of experimental live time, enabling a promising overall test of the Cherenkov detection technique from sub-orbital and orbital altitudes as well as a guaranteed signal that can be used for understanding the response of the instrument.
Published: 2021
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33. Probing the properties of superheavy dark matter annihilating or decaying into neutrinos with ultra-high energy neutrino experiments

Author: Guépin, Claire, Aloisio, Roberto, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Cummings, Austin, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Reno, Mary Hall, Venters, Tonia M., Guépin, Claire, Aloisio, Roberto, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Cummings, Austin, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Reno, Mary Hall, and Venters, Tonia M.
Abstract: The evidence for dark matter particles, $\chi$, is compelling based on Galactic to cosmological scale observations. Thus far, the promising weakly interacting massive particle scenario have eluded detection, motivating alternative models of dark matter. We consider scenarios involving superheavy dark matter (SHDM) that potentially can decay or annihilate to neutrinos and antineutrinos. In the mass range $m_\chi=10^7-10^{15}\,{\rm GeV}$, we evaluate the sensitivities of future observatories POEMMA and GRAND for indirect dark matter detection via the measurement of neutrino-induced extensive air showers (EAS), compute the Auger and ANITA limits using their last up-to-date sensitivities, and compare them with IceCube limits. We also show that the uncertainties related to the dark matter distribution in the Galactic halo have a large impact on the neutrino flux. We show that a ground-based radio detector such as GRAND can achieve high sensitivities due to its large effective area and high duty cycle. Space-based Cherenkov detectors such as POEMMA that measure the EAS optical Cherenkov signal have the advantage of full-sky coverage and rapid slewing, enabling an optimized SHDM observation strategy focusing on the Galactic Center. We show that increasing the field of view of the Cherenkov detectors can significantly enhance the sensitivity. Moreover, POEMMA's fluorescence observation mode that measures EAS above $20\,$EeV will achieve state-of-the-art sensitivity to SHDM properties at the highest mass scales., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021)
Published: 2021

34. Monte Carlo simulations of neutrino and charged lepton propagation in the Earth with nuPyProp

Author: Patel, Sameer, Reno, Mary Hall, Akaike, Yosui, Anchordoqui, Luis, Bergman, Douglas, Buckland, Isaac, Cummings, Austin, Eser, Johannes, Guépin, Claire, Krizmanic, John F., Mackovjak, Simon, Olinto, Angela, Paul, Thomas, Reustle, Alex, Romero-Wolf, Andrew, Sarazin, Fred, Venters, Tonia, Wiencke, Lawrence, Wissel, Stephanie, Patel, Sameer, Reno, Mary Hall, Akaike, Yosui, Anchordoqui, Luis, Bergman, Douglas, Buckland, Isaac, Cummings, Austin, Eser, Johannes, Guépin, Claire, Krizmanic, John F., Mackovjak, Simon, Olinto, Angela, Paul, Thomas, Reustle, Alex, Romero-Wolf, Andrew, Sarazin, Fred, Venters, Tonia, Wiencke, Lawrence, and Wissel, Stephanie
Abstract: An accurate modeling of neutrino flux attenuation and the distribution of leptons they produce in transit through the Earth is an essential component to determine neutrino flux sensitivities of underground, sub-orbital and space-based detectors. Through neutrino oscillations over cosmic distances, astrophysical neutrino sources are expected to produce nearly equal fluxes of electron, muon and tau neutrinos. Of particular interest are tau neutrinos that interact in the Earth at modest slant depths to produce $\tau$-leptons. Some $\tau$-leptons emerge from the Earth and decay in the atmosphere to produce extensive air showers. Future balloon-borne and satellite-based optical Cherenkov neutrino telescopes will be sensitive to upward air showers from tau neutrino induced $\tau$-lepton decays. We present nuPyProp, a python code that is part of the nuSpaceSim package. nuPyProp generates look-up tables for exit probabilities and energy distributions for $\nu_\tau\to \tau$ and $\nu_\mu\to \mu$ propagation in the Earth. This flexible code runs with either stochastic or continuous electromagnetic energy losses for the lepton transit through the Earth. Current neutrino cross section models and energy loss models are included along with templates for user input of other models. Results from nuPyProp are compared with other recent simulation packages for neutrino and charged lepton propagation. Sources of modeling uncertainties are described and quantified., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, PoS(ICRC2021)1203; for associated code, see https://github.com/NuSpaceSim/nupyprop
Published: 2021
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35. Indirect dark matter searches at ultrahigh energy neutrino detectors

Author: Guépin, Claire, Aloisio, Roberto, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Cummings, Austin, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Reno, Mary Hall, Venters, Tonia M., Guépin, Claire, Aloisio, Roberto, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Cummings, Austin, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Reno, Mary Hall, and Venters, Tonia M.
Abstract: High to ultrahigh energy neutrino detectors can uniquely probe the properties of dark matter $\chi$ by searching for the secondary products produced through annihilation and/or decay processes. We evaluate the sensitivities to dark matter thermally averaged annihilation cross section $\langle\sigma v\rangle$ and partial decay width into neutrinos $\Gamma_{\chi\rightarrow\nu\bar{\nu}}$ (in the mass scale $10^7 \leq m_\chi/{\rm GeV} \leq 10^{15}$) for next generation observatories like POEMMA and GRAND. We show that in the range $ 10^7 \leq m_\chi/{\rm GeV} \leq 10^{11}$, space-based Cherenkov detectors like POEMMA have the advantage of full-sky coverage and rapid slewing, enabling an optimized dark matter observation strategy focusing on the Galactic center. We also show that ground-based radio detectors such as GRAND can achieve high sensitivities and high duty cycles in radio quiet areas. We compare the sensitivities of next generation neutrino experiments with existing constraints from IceCube and updated 90\% C.L. upper limits on $\langle\sigma v\rangle$ and $\Gamma_{\chi\rightarrow\nu\bar{\nu}}$ using results from the Pierre Auger Collaboration and ANITA. We show that in the range $ 10^7 \leq m_\chi/{\rm GeV} \leq 10^{11}$ POEMMA and GRAND10k will improve the neutrino sensitivity to particle dark matter by factors of 2 to 10 over existing limits, whereas GRAND200k will improve this sensitivity by two orders of magnitude. In the range $10^{11} \leq m_\chi/{\rm GeV} \leq 10^{15}$, POEMMA's fluorescence observation mode will achieve an unprecedented sensitivity to dark matter properties. Finally, we highlight the importance of the uncertainties related to the dark matter distribution in the Galactic halo, using the latest fit and estimates of the Galactic parameters., Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures, accepted to PRD
Published: 2021
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36. Neutrino constraints on long-lived heavy dark sector particle decays in the Earth

Author: Reno, Mary Hall, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bhattacharya, Atri, Cummings, Austin, Eser, Johannes, Guépin, Claire, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Paul, Thomas, Sarcevic, Ina, Venters, Tonia M., Reno, Mary Hall, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bhattacharya, Atri, Cummings, Austin, Eser, Johannes, Guépin, Claire, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Paul, Thomas, Sarcevic, Ina, and Venters, Tonia M.
Abstract: Recent theoretical work has explored dark matter accumulation in the Earth and its drift towards the center of the Earth that, for the current age of the Earth, does not necessarily result in a concentration of dark matter ($\chi$) in the Earth's core. We consider a scenario of long-lived ($\tau_\chi\sim 10^{28}$ s), super heavy ($m_\chi=10^7-10^{10}$ GeV) dark matter that decays via $\chi\to \nu_\tau \bar{\nu}_\tau$ or $\chi\to \nu_\mu \bar{\nu}_\mu$. We show that an IceCube-like detector over 10 years can constrain a dark matter density that mirrors the Earth's density or has a uniform density with density fraction $\epsilon_\rho$ combined with the partial decay width $B_{\chi\to \nu_\tau \bar{\nu}_\tau}\Gamma_\chi$ in the range of $(\epsilon_\rho/10^{-10}) B_{\chi\to \nu_\tau}\Gamma_\chi \lesssim 1.5\times 10^{-29}-1.5\times 10^{-28}$ s$^{-1}$. For $\chi\to \nu_\mu \bar{\nu}_\mu$, $m_\chi = 10^8-10^{10}$ GeV and $E_\mu>10^7$ GeV, the range of constraints is $(\epsilon_\rho/10^{-10}) B_{\chi\to \nu_\mu}\Gamma_\chi \lesssim 3\times 10^{-29}-7\times 10^{-28}$ s$^{-1}$., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, matching version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Published: 2021

37. Prospects for macroscopic dark matter detection at space-based and suborbital experiments

Author: Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bertaina, Mario E., Casolino, Marco, Eser, Johannes, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Otte, A. Nepomuk, Paul, Thomas C., Piotrowski, Lech W., Reno, Mary Hall, Sarazin, Fred, Shinozaki, Kenji, Soriano, Jorge F., Venters, Tonia M., Wiencke, Lawrence, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bertaina, Mario E., Casolino, Marco, Eser, Johannes, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Otte, A. Nepomuk, Paul, Thomas C., Piotrowski, Lech W., Reno, Mary Hall, Sarazin, Fred, Shinozaki, Kenji, Soriano, Jorge F., Venters, Tonia M., and Wiencke, Lawrence
Abstract: We compare two different formalisms for modeling the energy deposition of macroscopically sized/massive quark nuggets (a.k.a. macros) in the Earth's atmosphere. We show that for a reference mass of 1 g, there is a discrepancy in the macro luminosity of about 14 orders of magnitude between the predictions of the two formalisms. Armed with our finding we estimate the sensitivity for macro detection at space-based (Mini-EUSO and POEMMA) and suborbital (EUSO-SPB2) experiments., Comment: 5 pages revtex, 3 figures
Published: 2021
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38. Probing the properties of superheavy dark matter annihilating or decaying into neutrinos with ultra-high energy neutrino experiments

Author: Guépin, Claire, Aloisio, Roberto, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Cummings, Austin, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Reno, Mary Hall, Venters, Tonia M., Guépin, Claire, Aloisio, Roberto, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Cummings, Austin, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Reno, Mary Hall, and Venters, Tonia M.
Abstract: The evidence for dark matter particles, $\chi$, is compelling based on Galactic to cosmological scale observations. Thus far, the promising weakly interacting massive particle scenario have eluded detection, motivating alternative models of dark matter. We consider scenarios involving superheavy dark matter (SHDM) that potentially can decay or annihilate to neutrinos and antineutrinos. In the mass range $m_\chi=10^7-10^{15}\,{\rm GeV}$, we evaluate the sensitivities of future observatories POEMMA and GRAND for indirect dark matter detection via the measurement of neutrino-induced extensive air showers (EAS), compute the Auger and ANITA limits using their last up-to-date sensitivities, and compare them with IceCube limits. We also show that the uncertainties related to the dark matter distribution in the Galactic halo have a large impact on the neutrino flux. We show that a ground-based radio detector such as GRAND can achieve high sensitivities due to its large effective area and high duty cycle. Space-based Cherenkov detectors such as POEMMA that measure the EAS optical Cherenkov signal have the advantage of full-sky coverage and rapid slewing, enabling an optimized SHDM observation strategy focusing on the Galactic Center. We show that increasing the field of view of the Cherenkov detectors can significantly enhance the sensitivity. Moreover, POEMMA's fluorescence observation mode that measures EAS above $20\,$EeV will achieve state-of-the-art sensitivity to SHDM properties at the highest mass scales., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021)
Published: 2021

39. Overview of Cherenkov Telescope on-board EUSO-SPB2 for the Detection of Very-High-Energy Neutrinos

Author: Bagheri, Mahdi, Bertone, Peter, Fontane, Ivan, Gazda, Eliza, Judd, Eleanor G., Krizmanic, John F., Kuznetsov, Evgeny N., Miller, Michael J., Nachtman, Jane, Onel, Yasar, Otte, A. Nepomuk, Reardon, Patrick J., Matamala, Oscar Romero, Wang, Andrew, Wiencke, Lawrence, Bagheri, Mahdi, Bertone, Peter, Fontane, Ivan, Gazda, Eliza, Judd, Eleanor G., Krizmanic, John F., Kuznetsov, Evgeny N., Miller, Michael J., Nachtman, Jane, Onel, Yasar, Otte, A. Nepomuk, Reardon, Patrick J., Matamala, Oscar Romero, Wang, Andrew, and Wiencke, Lawrence
Abstract: We present the status of the development of a Cherenkov telescope to be flown on a long-duration balloon flight, the Extreme Universe Space Observatory Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2). EUSO-SPB2 is an approved NASA balloon mission that is planned to fly in 2023 and is a precursor of the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA), a candidate for an Astrophysics probe-class mission. The purpose of the Cherenkov telescope on-board EUSOSPB2 is to classify known and unknown sources of backgrounds for future space-based neutrino detectors. Furthermore, we will use the Earth-skimming technique to search for Very-High-Energy (VHE) tau neutrinos below the limb (E > 10 PeV) and observe air showers from cosmic rays above the limb. The 0.785 m^2 Cherenkov telescope is equipped with a 512-pixel SiPM camera covering a 12.8{\deg} x 6.4{\deg} (Horizontal x Vertical) field of view. The camera signals are digitized with a 100 MS/s readout system. In this paper, we discuss the status of the telescope development, the camera integration, and simulation studies of the camera response., Comment: Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, PoS(ICRC2021) 1191
Published: 2021

40. Indirect dark matter searches at ultrahigh energy neutrino detectors

Author: Guépin, Claire, Aloisio, Roberto, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Cummings, Austin, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Reno, Mary Hall, Venters, Tonia M., Guépin, Claire, Aloisio, Roberto, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Cummings, Austin, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Reno, Mary Hall, and Venters, Tonia M.
Abstract: High to ultrahigh energy neutrino detectors can uniquely probe the properties of dark matter $\chi$ by searching for the secondary products produced through annihilation and/or decay processes. We evaluate the sensitivities to dark matter thermally averaged annihilation cross section $\langle\sigma v\rangle$ and partial decay width into neutrinos $\Gamma_{\chi\rightarrow\nu\bar{\nu}}$ (in the mass scale $10^7 \leq m_\chi/{\rm GeV} \leq 10^{15}$) for next generation observatories like POEMMA and GRAND. We show that in the range $ 10^7 \leq m_\chi/{\rm GeV} \leq 10^{11}$, space-based Cherenkov detectors like POEMMA have the advantage of full-sky coverage and rapid slewing, enabling an optimized dark matter observation strategy focusing on the Galactic center. We also show that ground-based radio detectors such as GRAND can achieve high sensitivities and high duty cycles in radio quiet areas. We compare the sensitivities of next generation neutrino experiments with existing constraints from IceCube and updated 90\% C.L. upper limits on $\langle\sigma v\rangle$ and $\Gamma_{\chi\rightarrow\nu\bar{\nu}}$ using results from the Pierre Auger Collaboration and ANITA. We show that in the range $ 10^7 \leq m_\chi/{\rm GeV} \leq 10^{11}$ POEMMA and GRAND10k will improve the neutrino sensitivity to particle dark matter by factors of 2 to 10 over existing limits, whereas GRAND200k will improve this sensitivity by two orders of magnitude. In the range $10^{11} \leq m_\chi/{\rm GeV} \leq 10^{15}$, POEMMA's fluorescence observation mode will achieve an unprecedented sensitivity to dark matter properties. Finally, we highlight the importance of the uncertainties related to the dark matter distribution in the Galactic halo, using the latest fit and estimates of the Galactic parameters., Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures, accepted to PRD
Published: 2021
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41. Modeling the Optical Cherenkov Signals by Cosmic Ray Extensive Air Showers Directly Observed from Sub-Orbital and Orbital Altitudes

Author: Cummings, Austin, Aloisio, Roberto, Eser, Johannes, Krizmanic, John, Cummings, Austin, Aloisio, Roberto, Eser, Johannes, and Krizmanic, John
Abstract: Future experiments based on the observation of Earth's atmosphere from sub-orbital and orbital altitudes plan to include optical Cherenkov cameras to observe extensive air showers produced by high-energy cosmic radiation via its interaction with both the Earth and its atmosphere. As discussed elsewhere, particularly relevant is the case of upward-moving showers initiated by astrophysical neutrinos skimming and interacting in the Earth. The Cherenkov cameras, by looking above Earth's limb, can also detect cosmic rays with energies starting from less than a PeV up to the highest energies (tens of EeV). Using a customized computation scheme to determine the expected optical Cherenkov signal from these high-energy cosmic rays, we estimate the sensitivity and event rate for balloon-borne and satellite-based instruments, focusing our analysis on the Extreme Universe Space Observatory aboard a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) and the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) experiments. We find the expected event rates to be larger than hundreds of events per hour of experimental live time, enabling a promising overall test of the Cherenkov detection technique from sub-orbital and orbital altitudes as well as a guaranteed signal that can be used for understanding the response of the instrument.
Published: 2021
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42. Prospects for macroscopic dark matter detection at space-based and suborbital experiments

Author: Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bertaina, Mario E., Casolino, Marco, Eser, Johannes, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Otte, A. Nepomuk, Paul, Thomas C., Piotrowski, Lech W., Reno, Mary Hall, Sarazin, Fred, Shinozaki, Kenji, Soriano, Jorge F., Venters, Tonia M., Wiencke, Lawrence, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bertaina, Mario E., Casolino, Marco, Eser, Johannes, Krizmanic, John F., Olinto, Angela V., Otte, A. Nepomuk, Paul, Thomas C., Piotrowski, Lech W., Reno, Mary Hall, Sarazin, Fred, Shinozaki, Kenji, Soriano, Jorge F., Venters, Tonia M., and Wiencke, Lawrence
Abstract: We compare two different formalisms for modeling the energy deposition of macroscopically sized/massive quark nuggets (a.k.a. macros) in the Earth's atmosphere. We show that for a reference mass of 1 g, there is a discrepancy in the macro luminosity of about 14 orders of magnitude between the predictions of the two formalisms. Armed with our finding we estimate the sensitivity for macro detection at space-based (Mini-EUSO and POEMMA) and suborbital (EUSO-SPB2) experiments., Comment: 5 pages revtex, 3 figures
Published: 2021
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43. High-Energy Neutrinos from NGC 1068

Author: Anchordoqui, Luis A., Krizmanic, John F., Stecker, Floyd W., Anchordoqui, Luis A., Krizmanic, John F., and Stecker, Floyd W.
Abstract: IceCube has observed an excess of neutrino events over expectations from the isotropic background from the direction of NGC 1068. The excess is inconsistent with background expectations at the level of $2.9\sigma$ after accounting for statistical trials. Even though the excess is not statistical significant yet, it is interesting to entertain the possibility that it corresponds to a real signal. Assuming a single power-law spectrum, the IceCube Collaboration has reported a best-fit flux $\phi_\nu\sim 3 \times 10^{-8} (E_\nu/{\rm TeV})^{-3.2}~({\rm GeV \, cm^2 \, s})^{-1}$, where $E_\nu$ is the neutrino energy. Taking account of new physics and astronomy developments we give a revised high-energy neutrino flux for the Stecker-Done-Salamon-Sommers AGN core model and show that it can accommodate IceCube observations., Comment: To be published in Proceeding of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021)
Published: 2021

44. Formation Flying Techniques for the Virtual Telescope for X-Ray Observations

Author: Rankin, Kyle, Shah, Neerav, Krizmanic, John, Stochaj, Steven, Naseri, Asal, Rankin, Kyle, Shah, Neerav, Krizmanic, John, Stochaj, Steven, and Naseri, Asal
Abstract: The Virtual Telescope for X-Ray Observations (VTXO) is an Astrophysics SmallSat mission being developed to demonstrate 10-milliarcsecond X-ray imaging using a Phase Fresnel Lense (PFL) based space telescope. PFLs promise to provide several orders of magnitude improvement in angular resolution over current state of the art X-ray optics. However, PFLs for astronomical applications require a long focal length, for VTXO the focal length is estimated to be in the range of 0.5 km to 4 km. Since these focal lengths are not feasible on a single spacecraft, the proposed solution is to use two separate spacecraft, one with the lense(s), and the second with an X-ray camera. These two spacecrafts will then fly in a formation approximating a single rigid telescope. In order to achieve this configuration, the two spacecraft must maintain the formation a focal length distance apart, with centimeter level control, and sub-millimeter level knowledge requirements. Additionally, the system must keep the telescope axis pointed at a fixed target on the celestial sphere for extended durations. VTXOs system architecture calls for two CubeSats to operate in a highly eccentric Earth orbit with one of the spacecrafts traveling on a natural keplarian orbit. The second spacecraft will then fly on a pseudo orbit maintaining a fixed offset during observations. Observations with this system will occur near apogee where differential forces on the spacecrafts are minimal which in turn minimizes fuel consumption. This paper overviews VTXOs system architecture, and looks in depth at the formation flying techniques, including fuel consumption, and methods maintaining the formation. Beyond its use in X-ray astronomy, these formations flying techniques should eventually contribute to the development of distributed aperture telescopes, with imaging performance orders of magnitude better than the current state of the art., Comment: 8 pages, IAC-2018
Published: 2020

45. Virtual Telescope for X-Ray Observations

Author: Rankin, Kyle, Krizmanic, John, Shah, Neerav, Stochaj, Steven, Naseri, Asal, Rankin, Kyle, Krizmanic, John, Shah, Neerav, Stochaj, Steven, and Naseri, Asal
Abstract: Selected by NASA for an Astrophysics Science SmallSat study, The Virtual Telescope for X-Ray Observations (VTXO) is a small satellite mission being developed by NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and New Mexico State University (NMSU). VTXO will perform X-ray observations with an angular resolution around 50 milliarcseconds, an order of magnitude better than is achievable by current state of the art X-ray telescopes. VTXOs fine angular resolution enables measuring the environments closer to the central engines in compact X-ray sources. This resolution will be achieved by the use of Phased Fresnel Lenses (PFLs) optics which provide near diffraction-limited imaging in the X-ray band. However, PFLs require long focal lengths in order to realize their imaging performance, for VTXO this dictates that the telescopes optics and the camera will have a separation of 1 km. As it is not realistic to build a structure this large in space, the solution being adapted for VTXO is to place the camera, and the optics on two separate spacecraft and fly them in formation with the necessary spacing. This requires centimeter level control, and sub-millimeter level knowledge of the two spacecrafts relative transverse position. This paper will present VTXOs current baseline, with particular emphasis on the missions flight dynamics design., Comment: SSC19-WK VII-09 Virtual Telescope for X-Ray Observations Conference on Small Satellites, in Small Satellite Conference, (Logan UT), 2019
Published: 2020

46. VTXO: the Virtual Telescope for X-ray Observations

Author: Krizmanic, John, Shah, Neerav, Harding, Alice, Calhoun, Phil, Purves, Lloyd, Webster, Cassandra, Stochaj, Steven, Rankin, Kyle, Smith, Daniel, Park, Hyeongjun, Boucheron, Laura, Kota, Krishna, Corcoran, Michael, Shrader, Chris, Naseri, Asal, Krizmanic, John, Shah, Neerav, Harding, Alice, Calhoun, Phil, Purves, Lloyd, Webster, Cassandra, Stochaj, Steven, Rankin, Kyle, Smith, Daniel, Park, Hyeongjun, Boucheron, Laura, Kota, Krishna, Corcoran, Michael, Shrader, Chris, and Naseri, Asal
Abstract: The Virtual Telescope for X-ray Observations (VTXO) will use lightweight Phase Frensel Lenses (PFLs) in a virtual X-ray telescope with 1 km focal length and with nearly 50 milli-arcsecond angular resolution. Laboratory characterization of PFLs have demonstrated near diffraction-limited angular resolution in the X-ray band, but they require long focal lengths to achieve this quality of imaging. VTXO is formed by using precision formation flying of two SmallSats: a smaller, 6U OpticsSat that houses the PFLs and navigation beacons while a larger, ESPA-class DetectorSat contains an X-ray camera, a charged-particle radiation monitor, a precision star tracker, and the propulsion for the formation flying. The baseline flight dynamics uses a highly-elliptical supersynchronous geostationary transfer orbit to allow the inertial formation to form and hold around the 90,000 km apogee for 10 hours of the 32.5-hour orbit with nearly a year mission lifetime. The guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) for the formation flying uses standard CubeSat avionics packages, a precision star tracker, imaging beacons on the OpticsSat, and a radio ranging system that also serves as an inter-satellite communication link. VTXO's fine angular resolution enables measuring the environments nearly an order of magnitude closer to the central engines of bright compact X-ray sources compared to the current state of the art. This X-ray imaging capability allows for the study of the effects of dust scattering nearer to the central objects such as Cyg X-3 and GX 5-1, for the search for jet structure nearer to the compact object in X-ray novae such as Cyg X-1 and GRS 1915+105, and for the search for structure in the termination shock of in the Crab pulsar wind nebula. The VTXO development was supported as one of the selected 2018 NASA Astrophysics SmallSat Study (AS3) missions., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to the Proceedings of the 34th Annual Small Satellite Conference (SmallSat 2020)
Published: 2020

47. VTXO: The Virtual Telescope for X-ray Observations

Author: Krizmanic, John F., Shah, Neerav, Calhoun, Philip C., Harding, Alice K., Purves, Lloyd R., Webster, Cassandra M., Corcoran, Michael F., Shrader, Chris R., Stochaj, Steven J., Rankin, Kyle A., Smith, Daniel T., Park, Hyeongjun, Boucheron, Laura E., Kota, Krishna, Naseri, Asal, Krizmanic, John F., Shah, Neerav, Calhoun, Philip C., Harding, Alice K., Purves, Lloyd R., Webster, Cassandra M., Corcoran, Michael F., Shrader, Chris R., Stochaj, Steven J., Rankin, Kyle A., Smith, Daniel T., Park, Hyeongjun, Boucheron, Laura E., Kota, Krishna, and Naseri, Asal
Abstract: The Virtual Telescope for X-ray Observations (VTXO) will use lightweight Phase Fresnel Lenses (PFLs) in a virtual X-ray telescope with $\sim$1 km focal length and with $\sim$50 milli-arcsecond angular resolution. VTXO is formed by using precision formation flying of two SmallSats: a smaller OpticsSat that houses the PFLs and navigation beacons while a larger DetectorSat contains an X-ray camera, a precision start tracker, and the propulsion for the formation flying. The baseline flight dynamics uses a highly elliptical supersynchronous orbit allow the formation to hold in an inertial frame around the 90,000 km apogee for 10 hours of the 32.5 hour orbit with nearly a year mission lifetime. VTXO's fine angular resolution enables measuring the environments close to the central engines of bright compact X-ray sources. This X-ray imaging capability allows for the study of the effects of dust scattering near to the central objects such as Cyg X-3 and GX 5-1, for the search for jet structure near to the compact object in X-ray novae such as Cyg X-1 and GRS 1915+105, and for the search for structure in the termination shock of in the Crab pulsar wind nebula. The VTXO SmallSat and instrument designs, mission parameters, and science performance are described. VTXO development was supported as one of the selected 2018 NASA Astrophysics SmallSat Study (AS$^3$) missions., Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, corrected version, Proceedings Volume 11444, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray; 114447V (2020). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2006.12174
Published: 2020
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48. Radio Detection of Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays with Low Lunar Orbiting SmallSats

Author: Romero-Wolf, Andrés, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bergman, Douglas, Carvalho Jr., Washington, Cummings, Austin L., Gorham, Peter, Handmer, Casey J., Harvey, Nate, Krizmanic, John, Nishimura, Kurtis, Prechelt, Remy, Reno, Mary Hall, Schoorlemmer, Harm, Varner, Gary, Venters, Tonia, Wissel, Stephanie, Zas, Enrique, Romero-Wolf, Andrés, Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime, Anchordoqui, Luis A., Bergman, Douglas, Carvalho Jr., Washington, Cummings, Austin L., Gorham, Peter, Handmer, Casey J., Harvey, Nate, Krizmanic, John, Nishimura, Kurtis, Prechelt, Remy, Reno, Mary Hall, Schoorlemmer, Harm, Varner, Gary, Venters, Tonia, Wissel, Stephanie, and Zas, Enrique
Abstract: Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are the most energetic particles observed and serve as a probe of the extreme universe. A key question to understanding the violent processes responsible for their acceleration is identifying which classes of astrophysical objects (active galactic nuclei or starburst galaxies, for example) correlate to their arrival directions. While source clustering is limited by deflections in the Galactic magnetic field, at the highest energies the scattering angles are sufficiently low to retain correlation with source catalogues. While there have been several studies attempting to identify source catalogue correlations with data from the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array, the significance above an isotropic background has not yet reached the threshold for discovery. It has been known for several decades that a full-sky UHECR observatory would provide a substantial increase in sensitivity to the anisotropic component of UHECRs. There have been several concepts developed in that time targeting the identification of UHECR sources such as OWL, JEM-EUSO, and POEMMA, using fluorescence detection in the Earth's atmosphere from orbit. In this white paper, we present a concept called the Zettavolt Askaryan Polarimeter (ZAP), designed to identify the source of UHECRs using radio detection of the Askaryan radio emissions produced by UHECRs interacting in the Moon's regolith from low lunar orbit., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, letter of interest submitted to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2020

49. Phase Fresnel Lens Development for X-ray and Gamma-ray Astronomy

Author: Krizmanic, John, Skinner, Gerald, Arzoumanian, Zaven, Badilita, Vlad, Gehrels, Neil, Gendreau, Keith, Ghodssi, Reza, Gorius, Nicolas, Morgan, Brian, Mosher, Lance, Streitmatter, Robert, Krizmanic, John, Skinner, Gerald, Arzoumanian, Zaven, Badilita, Vlad, Gehrels, Neil, Gendreau, Keith, Ghodssi, Reza, Gorius, Nicolas, Morgan, Brian, Mosher, Lance, and Streitmatter, Robert
Abstract: In principle, diffractive optics, particularly Phase Fresnel Lenses (PFLs), offer the ability to construct large, diffraction-limited, and highly efficient X-ray/$\gamma$-ray telescopes, leading to dramatic improvement in angular resolution and photon flux sensitivity. As the diffraction limit improves with increasing photon energy, gamma-ray astronomy would offer the best angular resolution over the entire electromagnetic spectrum. A major improvement in source sensitivity would be achieved if meter-size PFLs can be constructed, as the entire area of these optics focuses photons. We have fabricated small, prototype PFLs using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) fabrication techniques at the University of Maryland and measured near diffraction-limited performance with high efficiency using 8 keV and higher energy X-rays at the GSFC 600-meter Interferometry Testbed. A first generation, 8 keV PFL has demonstrated imaging corresponding to an angular resolution of approximately 20 milli-arcseconds with an efficiency $\sim$70$\%$ of the theoretical expectation. The results demonstrate the superior imaging potential in the X-ray/$\gamma$-ray energy band for PFL-based optics in a format that is scalable for astronomical instrumentation. Based upon this PFL development, we have also fabricated a `proof-of-principle' refractive-diffractive achromat and initial measurements have demonstrated nearly uniform imaging performance over a large energy range. These results indicate that the chromaticity inherent in diffractive optics can be alleviated., Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Proceedings of the 31st ICRC ({\L}\'{o}d\'{z}) Paper 1428 (2009)
Published: 2020

50. Space-based Extensive Air Shower Optical Cherenkov and Fluorescence Measurements using SiPM Detectors in context of POEMMA

Author: Krizmanic, John F. and Krizmanic, John F.
Abstract: Developed as NASA Astrophysics Probe-class mission, the Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) is designed to identify the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and to observe cosmic neutrinos. POEMMA consists of two spacecraft flying in a loose formation at 525 km altitude, 28.5$^\circ$ inclination orbits. Each spacecraft hosts a Schmidt telescope with a large collecting area and wide Field-of-View (FoV). A novel focal plane is employed that is optimized to observe both the UV fluorescence signal from extensive air showers (EASs) and the optical Cherenkov signals from EASs. In UHECR stereo fluorescence mode, POEMMA will measure the spectrum, composition, and full-sky distribution of the UHECRs above 20 EeV with high statistics along with remarkable sensitivity to UHE neutrinos. The POEMMA spacecraft are designed to quickly re-orient to a Target-of-Opportunity (ToO) neutrino mode to observe transient astrophysical sources with unique sensitivity. In this mode, POEMMA will be able to detect cosmic tau neutrino events above 20 PeV by measuring the upward-moving EASs for $\tau$-lepton decays induced from tau neutrino interactions in the Earth. In this paper, POEMMA's science goals and instrument design are summarized with a focus on the SiPM implementation in POEMMA, along with a detailed discussion of the properties of the Cherenkov EAS signal in the context of wide wavelength sensitivity offered by SiPMs. A comparison of the fluorescence response between SiPMs and the MAPMTs currently planned for use in POEMMA will also be discussed, assessing the potential for SiPMs to perform EAS fluorescence measurements., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, Final version for publication in the SiPM Workshop Bari 2019 conference proceedings
Published: 2020
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