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asic protein source in certain countries. Their genetic diversity is needed to sustain the food supply and security for humans and livestock, especially because of the current loss of habitats, species, and genetic diversity worldwide, but also because of the ever present need to feed the increasing human population. Even though both legumes and nuts are considered as high-protein food and environmentally friendly crops, developed countries have lower consumption rates when compared to Asia or Africa. With a view to increasing the consumption of legumes and nuts, the objective of this review is to present the advantages on the use of autochthonous varieties from different countries around the world, thus providing a boost to the local market in the area. The consumption of these varieties could be helped by their use in ready-to-eat foods (RTE), which are now on the rise thanks to today’s fast-paced lifestyles and the search for more nutritious and sustainable foods. The versatility of legumes and nuts covers a wide range of possibilities through their use in plant-based dairy analogues, providing alternative-protein and maximal amounts of nutrients and bioactive compounds, potential plant-based flours for bakery and pasta, and added-value traditional RTE meals. For this reason, information about legume and nut nutrition could possibly increase its acceptance with consumers., PRIMA: Grant Agreement n° 2023; Foundation for Science and Technology, PIDDAC; CIMO, UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020; SusTEC, LA/P/0007/2020; Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, RYC-2016-19949, Postprint (published version)

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is an important annual leguminous crop grown in arid and semi-arid areas in Sub Saharan Africa. Most of the cowpea production in South Africa is mainly used for domestic consumption and, as seed for planting and little gets to be used in food processing, thus, there is a need to expand the utilization of cowpea through food processing. This study aimed to evaluate cowpea genotypes for phenotypic and canning quality traits. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Limpopo Province, namely Syferkuil Agricultural Experimental Farm and Ga-Molepo village during the 2017/2018 growing season. The field experiment was comprised of 100 cowpea genotypes laid out in an Alpha Lattice Design replicated twice. Cowpea canning analysis was done using tomato puree following ARC-GC in-house method at the Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops in Potchefstroom, North West Province of South Africa. Collected data on yield was analysed using Genstat 18th edition and XLSTAT 2021.1.1.1081 software for canning quality data. The results revealed significant differences among the cowpea genotypes based on the number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight for Syferkuil. Significant differences were also observed among the studied genotypes for 100 seed weight at Ga-Molepo. The highest yield recorded across locations was for genotypes RV 555 (875.4 kg/ha), RV 207 (756,3 kg/ha), RV 439 (694.6 kg/ha) and RV 554 (682.3 kg/ha) respectively. The number of pods per plant recorded a high positive association with pod number per plant and number of seeds per pod. Grain yield of RV 558, RV 556, RV 207, RV 439 and RV 553 was high at Syferkuil and at Ga-Molepo RV 353, RV 194, IT99K-494-6, RV 341 and RV 202 recorded the highest yield. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed the three most important PCs contributing to a total variation of 76.71%. PC1, PC2, and PC3 contributed 51.01, 13.97 and 11.73%, respectively. For canning ability, out of 79 cow

The amount, frequency, and type of pulses consumed by university students were explored using a cross-sectional online survey. Daily pulse consumers made up just 6% of participants, with 5% of the total participants eating more than three cups of pulses per week. It was found that a significant predictor of the amount of pulses consumed in a week was having more positive environmental attitudes (p < .001). There was a statistically significant difference between perceived body size groups and amount of pulses consumed in a week F(4, 243) = 2.715, p = .031, and the frequency of pulse consumption F(3, 257) = 3.712, p = .012, with post-hoc tests revealing a statistically significant difference between the overweight and below average weight groups, with the frequency of pulse consumption increasing as the perceived body size declined (mean difference 0.665). Eighty-five per cent of participants were more likely to consume pulses because they contain a high amount of vitamins and minerals. These findings suggest that understanding the attitudes and behaviours of university students towards pulse crops’ impact on health, nutrition, and the environment may help to inform initiatives aiming to increase pulse consumption among this group.

The amount, frequency, and type of pulses consumed by university students were explored using a cross-sectional online survey. Daily pulse consumers made up just 6% of participants, with 5% of the total participants eating more than three cups of pulses per week. It was found that a significant predictor of the amount of pulses consumed in a week was having more positive environmental attitudes (p < .001). There was a statistically significant difference between perceived body size groups and amount of pulses consumed in a week F(4, 243) = 2.715, p = .031, and the frequency of pulse consumption F(3, 257) = 3.712, p = .012, with post-hoc tests revealing a statistically significant difference between the overweight and below average weight groups, with the frequency of pulse consumption increasing as the perceived body size declined (mean difference 0.665). Eighty-five per cent of participants were more likely to consume pulses because they contain a high amount of vitamins and minerals. These findings suggest that understanding the attitudes and behaviours of university students towards pulse crops’ impact on health, nutrition, and the environment may help to inform initiatives aiming to increase pulse consumption among this group.

The amount, frequency, and type of pulses consumed by university students were explored using a cross-sectional online survey. Daily pulse consumers made up just 6% of participants, with 5% of the total participants eating more than three cups of pulses per week. It was found that a significant predictor of the amount of pulses consumed in a week was having more positive environmental attitudes (p < .001). There was a statistically significant difference between perceived body size groups and amount of pulses consumed in a week F(4, 243) = 2.715, p = .031, and the frequency of pulse consumption F(3, 257) = 3.712, p = .012, with post-hoc tests revealing a statistically significant difference between the overweight and below average weight groups, with the frequency of pulse consumption increasing as the perceived body size declined (mean difference 0.665). Eighty-five per cent of participants were more likely to consume pulses because they contain a high amount of vitamins and minerals. These findings suggest that understanding the attitudes and behaviours of university students towards pulse crops’ impact on health, nutrition, and the environment may help to inform initiatives aiming to increase pulse consumption among this group.

The amount, frequency, and type of pulses consumed by university students were explored using a cross-sectional online survey. Daily pulse consumers made up just 6% of participants, with 5% of the total participants eating more than three cups of pulses per week. It was found that a significant predictor of the amount of pulses consumed in a week was having more positive environmental attitudes (p < .001). There was a statistically significant difference between perceived body size groups and amount of pulses consumed in a week F(4, 243) = 2.715, p = .031, and the frequency of pulse consumption F(3, 257) = 3.712, p = .012, with post-hoc tests revealing a statistically significant difference between the overweight and below average weight groups, with the frequency of pulse consumption increasing as the perceived body size declined (mean difference 0.665). Eighty-five per cent of participants were more likely to consume pulses because they contain a high amount of vitamins and minerals. These findings suggest that understanding the attitudes and behaviours of university students towards pulse crops’ impact on health, nutrition, and the environment may help to inform initiatives aiming to increase pulse consumption among this group.

The amount, frequency, and type of pulses consumed by university students were explored using a cross-sectional online survey. Daily pulse consumers made up just 6% of participants, with 5% of the total participants eating more than three cups of pulses per week. It was found that a significant predictor of the amount of pulses consumed in a week was having more positive environmental attitudes (p < .001). There was a statistically significant difference between perceived body size groups and amount of pulses consumed in a week F(4, 243) = 2.715, p = .031, and the frequency of pulse consumption F(3, 257) = 3.712, p = .012, with post-hoc tests revealing a statistically significant difference between the overweight and below average weight groups, with the frequency of pulse consumption increasing as the perceived body size declined (mean difference 0.665). Eighty-five per cent of participants were more likely to consume pulses because they contain a high amount of vitamins and minerals. These findings suggest that understanding the attitudes and behaviours of university students towards pulse crops’ impact on health, nutrition, and the environment may help to inform initiatives aiming to increase pulse consumption among this group.

The amount, frequency, and type of pulses consumed by university students were explored using a cross-sectional online survey. Daily pulse consumers made up just 6% of participants, with 5% of the total participants eating more than three cups of pulses per week. It was found that a significant predictor of the amount of pulses consumed in a week was having more positive environmental attitudes (p < .001). There was a statistically significant difference between perceived body size groups and amount of pulses consumed in a week F(4, 243) = 2.715, p = .031, and the frequency of pulse consumption F(3, 257) = 3.712, p = .012, with post-hoc tests revealing a statistically significant difference between the overweight and below average weight groups, with the frequency of pulse consumption increasing as the perceived body size declined (mean difference 0.665). Eighty-five per cent of participants were more likely to consume pulses because they contain a high amount of vitamins and minerals. These findings suggest that understanding the attitudes and behaviours of university students towards pulse crops’ impact on health, nutrition, and the environment may help to inform initiatives aiming to increase pulse consumption among this group.

The amount, frequency, and type of pulses consumed by university students were explored using a cross-sectional online survey. Daily pulse consumers made up just 6% of participants, with 5% of the total participants eating more than three cups of pulses per week. It was found that a significant predictor of the amount of pulses consumed in a week was having more positive environmental attitudes (p < .001). There was a statistically significant difference between perceived body size groups and amount of pulses consumed in a week F(4, 243) = 2.715, p = .031, and the frequency of pulse consumption F(3, 257) = 3.712, p = .012, with post-hoc tests revealing a statistically significant difference between the overweight and below average weight groups, with the frequency of pulse consumption increasing as the perceived body size declined (mean difference 0.665). Eighty-five per cent of participants were more likely to consume pulses because they contain a high amount of vitamins and minerals. These findings suggest that understanding the attitudes and behaviours of university students towards pulse crops’ impact on health, nutrition, and the environment may help to inform initiatives aiming to increase pulse consumption among this group.

The amount, frequency, and type of pulses consumed by university students were explored using a cross-sectional online survey. Daily pulse consumers made up just 6% of participants, with 5% of the total participants eating more than three cups of pulses per week. It was found that a significant predictor of the amount of pulses consumed in a week was having more positive environmental attitudes (p < .001). There was a statistically significant difference between perceived body size groups and amount of pulses consumed in a week F(4, 243) = 2.715, p = .031, and the frequency of pulse consumption F(3, 257) = 3.712, p = .012, with post-hoc tests revealing a statistically significant difference between the overweight and below average weight groups, with the frequency of pulse consumption increasing as the perceived body size declined (mean difference 0.665). Eighty-five per cent of participants were more likely to consume pulses because they contain a high amount of vitamins and minerals. These findings suggest that understanding the attitudes and behaviours of university students towards pulse crops’ impact on health, nutrition, and the environment may help to inform initiatives aiming to increase pulse consumption among this group.

The amount, frequency, and type of pulses consumed by university students were explored using a cross-sectional online survey. Daily pulse consumers made up just 6% of participants, with 5% of the total participants eating more than three cups of pulses per week. It was found that a significant predictor of the amount of pulses consumed in a week was having more positive environmental attitudes (p < .001). There was a statistically significant difference between perceived body size groups and amount of pulses consumed in a week F(4, 243) = 2.715, p = .031, and the frequency of pulse consumption F(3, 257) = 3.712, p = .012, with post-hoc tests revealing a statistically significant difference between the overweight and below average weight groups, with the frequency of pulse consumption increasing as the perceived body size declined (mean difference 0.665). Eighty-five per cent of participants were more likely to consume pulses because they contain a high amount of vitamins and minerals. These findings suggest that understanding the attitudes and behaviours of university students towards pulse crops’ impact on health, nutrition, and the environment may help to inform initiatives aiming to increase pulse consumption among this group.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is an important grain legume grown in many parts of the world mostly by smallholder (SH) farmers. Low soil phosphorus (P) and drought stress are major constraints to legume production and threaten food security. Root architecture is a spatial configuration of the root system which is influenced by moisture status and P uptake. A field experiment was conducted at Ukulima farm near Modimolle in Waterberg district during 2012/13 summer growing season. The treatments comprised of two levels each for soil P (low and high) and moisture status (water stress and well-watered); and eight cowpea genotypes (Tvu 4632, Tvu 6365, Tvu 9848, Tvu 15445, Tvu 16408, Tvu 15143, Oloyin and IT00K-1217). The low P level implied the available P in the soil measured in situ, which was less than 8 mg kg-1 while the high P level entailed fertilization at the rate of 40 kg P ha-1 application to achieve approximately 35 mg P kg-1 of soil . The root traits measured included angle of adventitious and basal roots, number of basal roots, tap root diameters at 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm soil depths; lateral branching densities at depth 5,10 and 15 cm, nodule score, deep score, shallowness score, 3rd order branching density, and 1.5 branching densities at 5 and 10 cm depth. Plant parameters measured were plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, length of the pods, unshelled weight, shelled weight and number of primary and secondary branches. Photosynthetic parameters measured were photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, water conductance, transpiration rate, vapour pressure deficits, sample cell CO2, sample cell H2O and relative humidity in the cell. All treatment factors were combined as split-split plot arrangement fitted into randomized complete block design; with four replicates. Results indicate that the lateral root branching density at 5 and 10 cm differed significantly (P≤0.05) across cowpea genotypes. Genotype showed significa

Since 1980 the Thai government has been interested and active in increasing livestock production by improving the productivity and quality of natural and sown grassland. The introduction of forage legumes, particularly Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum), is one of the ways in which this can and is being achieved. The present study was carried out in two parts - the first involving two field trials conducted in Thailand during the wet and the dry season, and the second involving a controlled climate study at Palmerston North (N.Z.). The aim of the field trials was to investigate the effects of plant spacing, and during the dry season the effect of irrigation on Siratro seed production. In the controlled climate study a more detailed investigation was undertaken of the effects of water stress on plant growth and development and subsequent effects on seed yield. Particular attention was also given to relevant aspects of seed development in the latter study. Irrigation during the dry season produced relatively small but significant increases in plant dry weight and LAI and led to a sig­nificant increase in seed yield by the final harvest 40 days after peak flowering. By comparison, plant spacing had a marked effect on plant components and seed yield showing a negative response on a per plant basis but a positive response on a per unit area basis with increasing plant density. During the longer growing period of the wet season experiment, plant growth was substantial and again showed the same significant responses to increasing plant density stated above. Maximum seed yield per hectare was achieved at very high plant population densities approxi­mately 15 x 15 cm spacings. The major contributions to seed yield in both trials were inflores­cence numbers and especially pod numbers, reflecting their sensitivity to water stress and plant competition. Numbers of seeds per pod and individual seed weight were relatively insensitive to those environ­ mental factors. The growth