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This study examines the reliability of cross-national subjective well-being (SWB) survey data, by corroborating the persistently high SWB-rankings of Denmark through a comparison to Sweden and Australia, two countries with similar or superior social, economic, and health indicators. Our research focuses on both the affective and the cognitive component of SWB, with a special emphasis on the affective component. We investigate four potential measurement issues that could contribute to Denmark’s elevated SWB scores: linguistic inconsistencies in survey translations, variations in answering scale usage, recall bias of affect, and positivity bias in life satisfaction judgments. To address these concerns, we utilize multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, analyse emotion-focused anchoring vignettes, examine affect items across varying time frames, and contrast overall life satisfaction assessments with those of domain-specific satisfaction. Despite accounting for various potential measurement issues, our results reveal that Danes consistently report higher SWB than their Swedish and Australian counterparts, although the differences are small for several of the measures. This finding implies that the SWB survey-data is reliable in this case, and that Denmark's high SWB rankings are not attributable to measurement biases but may indeed signify genuinely high levels of SWB. This paper adds to the growing body of literature on cross-national SWB comparisons and might provide insights for researchers aiming to compare well-being across countries.

The aim of this registered report is to investigate how the core components of subjective wellbeing, Life Satisfaction (LS) and Emotional Wellbeing (EWB), differ with respect to their relationship to antecedent factors. Seven factors are proposed that have been found in previous research to antecede LS and EWB. Social Comparisons, Meaningfulness, Economic/Social Resources, and Opportunities are hypothesized to correlate more closely with LS than EWB, while Time Use, Hassles/Uplifts, and Neuroticism are hypothesized to correlate more strongly with EWB than LS. A combined online and paper-and-pencil survey was administered to a representative sample of 974 Swedish citizens aged 15 years or older. LS and EWB were measured by self-report methods that have been developed and used in previous research. Index measures were constructed from self-reports of each antecedent factor by means of ratings on two scales developed in this study. Multivariate regression and relative weight analyses confirmed two of the hypotheses in showing that Economic/Social Resources and Opportunities were significantly more strongly related with LS than EWB. Of those hypothesized to correlate more strongly with EWB than LS, support was obtained for Neuroticism. Social Comparisons, Meaningfulness, Time Use, and Hassles/Uplifts did not have different relationships with LS and EWB. The results confirm that to some extent antecedent factors are differentially associated with LS and EWB, thus contributing to a better understanding of the antecedents of the cognitive and affective components of subjective wellbeing. Future research should further explore the mechanisms underlying these different relationships as well as moderators and mediators of the relationships.

This research investigates the impact of disgust towards culture mixing on acculturation and life satisfaction among mainland Chinese sojourners adapting to life in Hong Kong. In Study 1, drawing from previous research, we developed a measurement tool for assessing disgust towards mainland China-Hong Kong culture mixing and validated it in a sample of mainland Chinese students. We then conducted two longitudinal studies (Study 2 and 3) to examine the effects of disgust towards culture mixing on life satisfaction over 3-month and 6-month periods. Consistent with prior findings, our results showed that mainland Chinese sojourners perceived mixed cultural symbols as more disgusting compared to standalone ones. Cross-lagged analyses revealed that disgust towards culture mixing negatively predicted life satisfaction after 3 and 6 months of stay. Our findings indicate that initial disgust reactions towards culture mixing may have a causal influence on subsequent life satisfaction during the acculturation process. In conclusion, our study highlights the negative impact that disgust towards cultural mixing has on the acculturation process for Mainland Chinese immigrants in Hong Kong. The findings underscore the importance of promoting greater cultural awareness, understanding, and inclusiveness for the acculturative well-being of immigrants.

This research investigates the impact of disgust towards culture mixing on acculturation and life satisfaction among mainland Chinese sojourners adapting to life in Hong Kong. In Study 1, drawing from previous research, we developed a measurement tool for assessing disgust towards mainland China-Hong Kong culture mixing and validated it in a sample of mainland Chinese students. We then conducted two longitudinal studies (Study 2 and 3) to examine the effects of disgust towards culture mixing on life satisfaction over 3-month and 6-month periods. Consistent with prior findings, our results showed that mainland Chinese sojourners perceived mixed cultural symbols as more disgusting compared to standalone ones. Cross-lagged analyses revealed that disgust towards culture mixing negatively predicted life satisfaction after 3 and 6 months of stay. Our findings indicate that initial disgust reactions towards culture mixing may have a causal influence on subsequent life satisfaction during the acculturation process. In conclusion, our study highlights the negative impact that disgust towards cultural mixing has on the acculturation process for Mainland Chinese immigrants in Hong Kong. The findings underscore the importance of promoting greater cultural awareness, understanding, and inclusiveness for the acculturative well-being of immigrants.

Background: We aimed to investigate how self-reported physical and cognitive limitations (challenges), self-efficacy, and social support interacted with life satisfaction in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) or acquired heart disease, among whom life satisfaction may be impaired. Methods: “Adolescence with Heart Disease” was a cross-sectional, nationwide survey of patients with CHD or early acquired heart disease aged 15–25. Structural equation modeling was used to test the implied latent variable mediation model between the main outcome of interest (life satisfaction) and challenges, social support, and self-efficacy. The correlation factors between life satisfaction and the latent variables with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: A total of 1691 patients were included: 72% had CHD, 52% were females, the median age at response was 20 years [interquartile range: 18;23], and 69% reported high life satisfaction. In the univariate models, high life satisfaction was significantly associated with low challenges (-0.5 [CI: -0.6;-0.5]), high self-efficacy (0.8 [CI: 0.7; 0.8]), and high social support (0.4 [CI: 0.3; 0.5]). In the multivariate model, only self-efficacy remained significantly associated with life satisfaction (0.8 [CI: 0.7; 0.9]). Furthermore, there was a significant negative covariance between challenges and both self-efficacy (-0.67) and social support (-0.4), while the two latter variables had a positive covariance (0.55). Conclusions: In adolescents with heart disease, high life satisfaction was associated with high levels of self-efficacy. High levels of self-efficacy and social support attenuated the association between physical and cognitive challenges and life satisfaction. In this group that may face higher challenges than their peers, future interventions should aim to increase their self-efficacy to improve their life satisfaction, potentially through promoting social support.

Objective Schizophrenia disorders severely impact social and occupational function and reduce quality of life, furthermore patients often suffer from social withdrawal and isolation. The aim of this study was to investigate long-term quality of life and social disconnection and determine 10-year changes in quality of life and social disconnection later in life in association with changes in symptom severity, cognition, and global function. Methods We used assessments of quality of life and assessor rated social disconnection from the 10- and 20-year follow-up of the OPUS trial to examined 10-year changes in self-rated quality of life and social disconnection in the later stage of illness following a first episode psychosis. Self-rated social disconnection was only assessed in the 174 participants of the 20-year follow-up. Results Twenty years after a first episode psychosis only half of the participants reported having face-to-face contact with someone in their network more than once a week, while 90 % reported often or always being able to get emotional support when needed. Quality of life ratings were lower in our study population compared to the general population. On average physical and environmental quality of life worsened from the 10- to the 20-year follow-up while psychological and social quality of life remained stable. All quality-of-life domains were associated with negative symptoms (physical QoL: b = −6.6, p < 0.001, psychological QoL: b = −8, p < 0.001, social QoL: b = −5.7, p < 0.001 and environmental QoL: b = −6.5, p < 0.001) and global function (physical QoL: b = −0. 47, p < 0.001, psychological QoL: b = 0.52, p < 0.001, social QoL: b = 0.31, p < 0.001 and environmental QoL: b = 0.49, p < 0.001). Conclusion Social disconnection seems to persist over time. Social disconnection and quality of life were associated with negative symptoms and poor functioning, therefore interven, Objective: Schizophrenia disorders severely impact social and occupational function and reduce quality of life, furthermore patients often suffer from social withdrawal and isolation. The aim of this study was to investigate long-term quality of life and social disconnection and determine 10-year changes in quality of life and social disconnection later in life in association with changes in symptom severity, cognition, and global function. Methods: We used assessments of quality of life and assessor rated social disconnection from the 10- and 20-year follow-up of the OPUS trial to examined 10-year changes in self-rated quality of life and social disconnection in the later stage of illness following a first episode psychosis. Self-rated social disconnection was only assessed in the 174 participants of the 20-year follow-up. Results: Twenty years after a first episode psychosis only half of the participants reported having face-to-face contact with someone in their network more than once a week, while 90 % reported often or always being able to get emotional support when needed. Quality of life ratings were lower in our study population compared to the general population. On average physical and environmental quality of life worsened from the 10- to the 20-year follow-up while psychological and social quality of life remained stable. All quality-of-life domains were associated with negative symptoms (physical QoL: b = −6.6, p < 0.001, psychological QoL: b = −8, p < 0.001, social QoL: b = −5.7, p < 0.001 and environmental QoL: b = −6.5, p < 0.001) and global function (physical QoL: b = −0. 47, p < 0.001, psychological QoL: b = 0.52, p < 0.001, social QoL: b = 0.31, p < 0.001 and environmental QoL: b = 0.49, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Social disconnection seems to persist over time. Social disconnection and quality of life were associated with negative symptoms and poor functioning, therefore interventions aimed at improving global and social fu

Background: We aimed to investigate how self-reported physical and cognitive limitations (challenges), self-efficacy, and social support interacted with life satisfaction in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) or acquired heart disease, among whom life satisfaction may be impaired. Methods: “Adolescence with Heart Disease” was a cross-sectional, nationwide survey of patients with CHD or early acquired heart disease aged 15–25. Structural equation modeling was used to test the implied latent variable mediation model between the main outcome of interest (life satisfaction) and challenges, social support, and self-efficacy. The correlation factors between life satisfaction and the latent variables with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: A total of 1691 patients were included: 72% had CHD, 52% were females, the median age at response was 20 years [interquartile range: 18;23], and 69% reported high life satisfaction. In the univariate models, high life satisfaction was significantly associated with low challenges (-0.5 [CI: -0.6;-0.5]), high self-efficacy (0.8 [CI: 0.7; 0.8]), and high social support (0.4 [CI: 0.3; 0.5]). In the multivariate model, only self-efficacy remained significantly associated with life satisfaction (0.8 [CI: 0.7; 0.9]). Furthermore, there was a significant negative covariance between challenges and both self-efficacy (-0.67) and social support (-0.4), while the two latter variables had a positive covariance (0.55). Conclusions: In adolescents with heart disease, high life satisfaction was associated with high levels of self-efficacy. High levels of self-efficacy and social support attenuated the association between physical and cognitive challenges and life satisfaction. In this group that may face higher challenges than their peers, future interventions should aim to increase their self-efficacy to improve their life satisfaction, potentially through promoting social support.

(1) Background: The stress experienced by parents with children with developmental disorders who present temporary or permanent needs, makes them experience a series of daily situations that may be linked to coping strategies. Resilient attributes are considered one of the factors that have a decisive influence on the behavior of parents related to raising their children and that affect greater well-being and life satisfaction. The objective of this research is to study the mediating effect of resilient attributes between parental stress and life satisfaction; (2) Methods: In this study, mothers and fathers of boys and girls from 0 to 6 years old with developmental disorders from different Early Childhood Care Centers (CAIT) in the Province of Jaén (Andalusia) [Spain]. Of them, 96 are mothers (78.0%) and 27 are fathers (22.0%), with a mean age of 37.85 years (±5.043). The Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), Resilience Scale (RS-14), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used. The structural equations model (PLS-SEM) was applied to estimate the proposed theoretical model, from an explanatory-predictive perspective; (3) Results: The results showed the coefficients of determination Parental distress [(Q2 = 0.144); (R2 = 0.329)]; Personal competence [(Q2 = 0.106); (R2 = 0.246)]; Acceptance of self and life [(Q2 = 0.094); (R2 = 0.172)] and Life satisfaction [(Q2 = 0.182); (R2 = 0.563)], in the estimation of the reflective model, indicating a moderate fit; (4) Conclusions: The present investigation is not conclusive; however, the implications of these findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are considered.

Background: Although positive associations between life satisfaction, self-esteem, and body image have previously been established, differences in these variables by gender and age have yielded mixed results. Moreover, little is known about the interplay between self-esteem and body appreciation on life satisfaction. This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of body appreciation on the relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction, considering disparities between females and males and also between emerging adults (before the age of thirty) and older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was performed in Poland with a sample of 449 adults aged between 18 and 75 (M = 30.41, SD = 12.72), including 68% of women. The survey included the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2). Results: Men scored higher than women in terms of life satisfaction and self-esteem, while older participants (age > 30) scored higher than younger individuals (age ≤ 30) in terms of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and body appreciation. The study confirmed positive and moderate correlations between life satisfaction, self-esteem, and body appreciation. The interactive effect of self-esteem and body appreciation on life satisfaction was also found by controlling for age and gender. Conclusions: Some intervention programs focused on increasing levels of self-esteem and body appreciation should be implemented, especially among women and emerging adults, to improve their well-being.

This study aimed to report the indirect effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between discrimination and life satisfaction in migrant children and adoles‐cents in Chile. Two studies were conducted with 494 migrant children and adolescents in Chile (Study 1, n=292; Study 2, n=202), ranging in age from 9 to 18 years (Study 1, ME=12.30, SD=2.57; Study 2, ME=12.57, SD=2.51). To‐taling both samples, 50% were female (Study 1, n=143; Study 2, n=104) and 50% male (Study 1, n=149; Study 2, n=98). The first study investigated the re‐lationship between discrimination and life satisfaction. The second study repli‐cated this association in a different sample, including self-efficacy as a media‐ting variable. Structural equation modeling was used in both studies to estima‐te the proposed relationships. The results showed that discrimination is nega‐tively related to life satisfaction and that the self-efficacy of migrant children and adolescents partially mediates this relationship., El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar el efecto indirecto de la autoeficacia en la relación entre discriminación y satisfacción vital en niños y adolescentes migrantes en Chile. Se realizaron dos estudios con 494 niños y adolescentes migrantes en Chile (Estudio 1, n=292; Estudio 2, n=202) cuyas edades oscila‐ron entre 9 y 18 años (Estudio 1, ME=12.30, DT=2.57; Estudio 2, ME=12.57, DT=2.51). Sumando ambas muestras, el 50% eran mujeres (Estudio 1, n=143; Estudio 2, n=104) y el 50%, hombres (Estudio 1, n=149; Estudio 2, n=98). El primer estudio indagó la relación entre la discriminación y la satis‐facción vital. El segundo estudio replicó esta asociación en una muestra dife‐rente, incluyendo la autoeficacia como variable mediadora. En ambos estu‐dios se utilizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para estimar las rela‐ciones propuestas. Los resultados demostraron que la discriminación se rela‐ciona negativamente con la satisfacción vital y que esta relación está parcial‐mente mediada por la autoeficacia de los niños y adolescentes migrantes.

Military personnel with developed psychophysical qualities have a higher likelihood of success in their profession. The development of psychophysical preparedness can help maintain efficiency and health in extreme conditions. Today, there is a need to improve the psychophysical training of security and defense sector personnel in Ukraine. Engaging in sports can be one of the possible ways to enhance the psychophysical preparedness of the personnel in the security and defense sector of Ukraine. However, differences in psychophysical indicators between cadet-athletes and cadets without sports experience in the conditions of full-scale war have not been determined. This complicates the process of forming recommendations for developing physical training programs for cadets. Research methods used include theoretical analysis and summarization of scientific-methodical literature and internet data, sociological surveys (questionnaires), and methods of mathematical statistics. Results have confirmed that sports activities have a positive impact on the psycho-emotional state of cadets: they shape a higher level of life satisfaction, personal stress resistance (without affecting situational anxiety); they increase the ability to control anger without affecting the ability to control emotions of depression and anxiety. Similar tendencies were observed for other psychophysical state indicators, which, however, did not statistically confirm, possibly explained by their heterogeneity. It can be recommended to engage in sports for the correction of the psychophysical state of cadets in higher education institutions during wartime conflicts.

Psychische Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für nachhaltigen Unternehmenserfolg. Daher ist es von zentraler Bedeutung, Arbeitsbedingungen zu bestimmen, die sich positiv auf die psychische Gesundheit auswirken. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Einfluss von organisationaler Demokratie und einem soziomoralischen Organisationsklima auf die psychische Gesundheit der Arbeitenden untersucht. Dabei wurde die psychische Gesundheit in Form der Lebenszufriedenheit und der emotionalen Erschöpfung erfasst. Des Weiteren wurde analysiert, inwieweit die individuelle Qualifikation und zeitliche Überforderung am Arbeitsplatz einen Einfluss auf den Zusammenhang zwischen der individuell wahrgenommenen organisationalen Mitbestimmung und der psychischen Gesundheit haben. Im Rahmen dieser Forschungsarbeit wurden insgesamt 236 deutschsprachige Arbeitende aus vier verschiedenen Organisationen mit einem Arbeitspensum von mindestens 15 Stunden pro Woche mittels Selbstauskunftsfragebögen untersucht. Es wurden Hypothesen formuliert, die sowohl mit bivariaten Korrelationsanalysen als auch mit Moderations- und Mediationsanalysen überprüft wurden. Die Analysen ergaben signifikant positive Zusammenhänge zwischen der organisationalen Demokratie, dem soziomoralischen Organisationsklima und der psychischen Gesundheit. Darüber hinaus konnte das aufgestellte Mediationsmodell bestätigt werden. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der organisationalen Demokratie und der psychischen Gesundheit wird durch das soziomoralische Organisationsklima vermittelt. Demgegenüber konnte der Einfluss von individueller Qualifikation und zeitlicher Überforderung auf den Zusammenhang zwischen organisationaler Demokratie und psychischer Gesundheit nicht bestätigt werden. Diese Studie unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit von organisationaler Mitbestimmung für die Entwicklung eines soziomoralischen Organisationsklimas und den langfristigen Erhalt der psychischen Gesundheit der Arbeitenden., Mental health in the workplace is an essential prerequisite for sustainable business success. It is therefore of central importance to determine working conditions that have a positive impact on mental health. In this study, the influence of organizational democracy and a socio-moral climate on the mental health of employees was investigated. Mental health was measured in terms of life satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. In addition, the extent to which individual qualifications and time overload at the workplace have an influence on the relationship between organizational democracy and mental health was analyzed. As part of this research, a total of 236 German-speaking employees from four different organizations with a workload of at least 15 hours per week were examined using self-report questionnaires. Hypotheses were formulated and tested using bivariate correlation analyses as well as moderation and mediation analyses. The analyses revealed significant positive correlations between organizational democracy, the socio-moral climate and mental health. In addition, the established mediation model was confirmed. The relationship between organizational democracy and mental health is mediated by the socio-moral climate. In contrast, the influence of individual qualifications and time overload on the relationship between organizational democracy and mental health could not be confirmed. This study underlines the importance of organizational co-determination for the development of a socio-moral climate and the long-term preservation of employees' mental health., Alexander Giehrl, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2024

Die Studie untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Bindung und Wohlbefinden (psychische Gesundheit und Lebenszufriedenheit) bei Psychotherapeut:innen. Ziel war es, die Einflüsse der beziehungsspezifischen Bindung an Mutter und Partner:in sowie der Berufserfahrung auf psychische Gesundheit und Lebenszufriedenheit zu analysieren. Approbierte Psychotherapeut:innen und Psychotherapeut:innen in Ausbildung (N = 152) beantworteten Fragebögen zur Bindung (erfasst mit den Beziehungsspezifischen Bindungsskalen, BBE), zur psychischen Gesundheit (gemessen mit der Symptom-Checklist-90-Standard, SCL-90-S) und zur Lebenszufriedenheit (erfasst mit dem Fragebogen zur Lebenszufriedenheit, FLZ). Die Daten wurden mittels einfacher linearer Regressionen und Mediationsanalysen ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit negativ durch Bindungsangst in der Beziehung zu Mutter und Partner:in vorhergesagt wurde. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde vollständig durch die psychische Gesundheit vermittelt. Weder bindungsbezogene Unabhängigkeit (Vermeidung von Nähe) noch die Berufserfahrung hatten einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Lebenszufriedenheit. Implikationen für die Praxis und Ausbildung von Psychotherapeut:innen sowie Ansätze für zukünftige Forschung werden diskutiert., The study examines the relationship between attachment and well-being (mental health and life satisfaction) in psychotherapists. The aim was to analyze the influences of relationship-specific attachment to mother and partner as well as therapist experience on mental health and life satisfaction. A total sample of 152 licensed psychotherapists and psychotherapists in training answered questionnaires on attachment (measured with the Relationship-Specific Attachment Scales, RSAS), mental health (measured with the Symptom-Checklist-90-Revised, SCL-90-R) and life satisfaction (measured with the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, FLZ). The data were analyzed using simple linear regressions and mediation analyses. The results showed that general life satisfaction was negatively predicted by attachment anxiety in the relationship with mother and partner. This relationship was fully mediated by mental health. Neither attachment-related independence (avoidance of closeness) nor work experience had a significant impact on life satisfaction. Implications for the practice and training of psychotherapists as well as approaches for future research are discussed., Hiwot Clausnitzer, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2024

IntroductionResearch on the dimensional structure of subjective well-being (SWB) suggests a five-dimensional solution, consisting of the three established dimensions of life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect, and two additional empirically supported dimensions: domain satisfaction and happiness. While these dimensions can be aggregated into a superordinate SWB construct, little research has explored how these dimensions differ in their variation across subpopulations of individuals.MethodsThe present study addresses this gap via secondary analysis of a sample of 1,487 partnered individuals, using the five dimensions of SWB as indicators for latent profile analysis.ResultsAnalyses returned five profiles, which we labeled Satisfied, Ambivalent, Indifferent, Dissatisfied, and Very Dissatisfied. In the Ambivalent and Indifferent profiles, the dimensions of negative affect and happiness exhibit discrepant behavior, resulting in shape differences. The five profiles are organized with reference to the external criterion of couple satisfaction. At the theoretical level, the results of the present study have the potential to inform current debates about the structure of well-being.DiscussionThese findings suggest that, while SWB can usually be measured as a unidimensional construct, there is still merit to using multidimensional approaches and alternative forms of measurement-such as LPA-that capture complexities normally absent from unidimensional treatments. At the practical level, the results of the current study have the potential to inform well-being interventions (both clinical and otherwise), suggesting that those dealing with well-being in real life situations should pause before concluding that the absence of negativity implies the presence of positivity, or vice versa.

Objective: Dispositional Mindfulness is a trait mindfulness linked with satisfaction with life, Psychological well-being and compassion for self. The present research focused on the intermediating function of compassion for self between mindfulness in disposition and psychological well-being and also in dispositional mindfulness and life satisfaction level. It also aimed to check moderating role of gender between these associations.Method: Sample of the study includes 300 students from various universities. Data was collected through Psychological Well-being scale (PWBS), Satisfaction with life Scale (SWLS), Mindfulness Attention Awareness scale (MAAS) and Self-compassion brief scale (SC-BS).Results: A substantial positive association occurs among mindfulness in disposition, mental well-being and satisfaction with life. Compassion in self-acts as a mediator between mindfulness in disposition and satisfaction with life and also between mindfulness in disposition and life satisfaction levels. Gender moderates the earlier association but not the later one.Conclusion:  With the increase of dispositional mindfulness, the life satisfaction levels and mental well-being also increases. The association between mindfulness in disposition and mental well-being is considerably moderated based on gender.

Literature supports the idea that parenting practices have a lasting impact on an individual's life and development. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine parental parenting styles, parental parenting dimensions, and independent adult child life satisfaction to determine what aspects of parental parenting styles are more likely to increase the chances of greater life satisfaction among males and female adults A sample of 94 adult participants were surveyed through Prolific to gather information on their perceived parental parenting styles, parental parenting dimensions experienced in childhood by their mother and their current level of perceived life satisfaction. Results indicated that participants reported greater life satisfaction when they had mothers who had an authoritative parenting style and higher levels of demandingness. Results also showed that participants reported lower levels of life satisfaction when mothers presented with higher levels of responsiveness. Additionally, results indicated that gender moderates the relationship between permissive parenting and life satisfaction in independent adult children, where women reported higher levels of life satisfaction when their mothers had higher scores of permissive parenting.

Life satisfaction among students is a complex phenomenon linked to avariety of factors. This study aimed to examine the relationshipbetween perfectionism, self-compassion, perceived stress, and lifesatisfaction. The aim was also to examine how well the threevariables perfectionism, self-compassion, and perceived stress predictlife satisfaction. The sample consisted of 154 students (Mage = 24.84,SDage = 5.09). Quantitative data was collected through an onlinesurvey where respondents were asked to answer statements andquestions linked to the scales: Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire,Self-Compassion Scale Short Form, Perceived Stress Scale, andSatisfaction With Life Scale. The results showed that there is astatistically significant relationship between perfectionism,self-compassion, perceived stress, and life satisfaction. The resultsalso showed that self-compassion and perceived stress are statisticallysignificant predictors of life satisfaction. Perfectionism, on the otherhand, is not a statistically significant predictor. Future researchshould use longitudinal studies as a complement, examine morevariables that may be related to life satisfaction, and conductmoderation and mediation analyses., Livstillfredsställelse bland studenter är ett komplext fenomen kopplattill en mängd olika faktorer. Den här studien syftade till att undersökasambandet mellan perfektionism, självmedkänsla, upplevd stress ochlivstillfredsställelse. Syftet var även att undersöka hur väl de trevariablerna perfektionism, självmedkänsla och upplevd stresspredicerar livstillfredsställelse. Urvalet bestod av 154 studenter (Målder= 24.84, SDålder = 5.09). Kvantitativ data samlades in genom enonline-enkät där respondenterna fick besvara delfrågor kopplat tillskalorna: Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire, Self-CompassionScale Short Form, Perceived Stress Scale och Satisfaction With LifeScale. Resultaten visade att det finns ett statistiskt signifikant sambandmellan perfektionism, självmedkänsla, upplevd stress ochlivstillfredsställelse. Resultaten visade även att självmedkänsla ochupplevd stress är statistiskt signifikanta prediktorer förlivstillfredsställelse. Perfektionism är däremot inte en statistisktsignifikant prediktor. Framtida forskning bör komplettera medlongitudinella studier, undersöka fler variabler som kan tänkas vararelaterade till livstillfredsställelse och genomföra moderations- ochmediationsanalyser.

Två bivariata regressionsanalyser har utförts med syfte att studera om social jämförelse av förmåga på sociala medier kan predicera självkänsla och livstillfredsställelse hos unga vuxna i Sverige. I studien medverkade 81 personer, varav 55 deltagare var kvinnor (m = 23,4 år, s = 2,9 år) och 26 män (m = 23,7 år, s = 3,1 år). I en enkätundersökning fick deltagarna skatta sitt användningsmönster på sociala medier (SNSUN) och besvara tre olika instrument som avsåg att mäta social jämförelse av förmåga (INCOM), självkänsla (SISE) och sin tillfredsställelse i livet (SWLS). Resultatet visade att social jämförelse av förmåga på sociala medier kan predicera självkänsla och tillfredsställelse i livet hos unga vuxna. Modellen för deltagarnas predicerade självkänsla visade en förklarad varians på 16,5 % och modellen för livstillfredsställelse uppgav endast en förklarad varians på 5,6 %. Modellen med självkänsla och social jämförelse av förmåga som prediktorvariabel hade tre gånger större förklaringskraft vilket stärker antagandet om att sociala jämförelser på sociala medier har en större inverkan på unga vuxnas självkänsla. Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad mellan män och kvinnor, avseende på social jämförelse av förmåga på sociala medier (t = 2,490, df = 79, p = 0,015). Kvinnorna jämförde sig i högre grad på sociala medier än männen i studien. Det framgick dock inte att det fanns någon skillnad mellan kön, avseende på självkänsla och tillfredsställelse i livet. Unga vuxna upplever däremot en viss saknad av tillfredsställelse i livet, vilket kan bero på den höga användningen av sociala medier och positiva ideal som framställs på dessa plattformar. Förklaringskraften anses låg för unga vuxnas livstillfredsställelse i relation till deras sociala jämförelser på sociala medier. För framtida studier hade det varit av betydelse att genomföra en multipel regressionsanalys där fler förklaringsfaktorer inkluderas för att stärka föreliggande resultat i studien., Two bivariate regression analyses were conducted to study whether social comparison of ability on social media can predict self-esteem and life satisfaction among young adults in Sweden. The study involved 81 participants, of which 55 were women (M = 23.4 years, SD = 2.9 years) and 26 were men (M = 23.7 years, SD = 3.1 years). In a survey, participants rated their social media usage patterns (SNSUN) and completed three different instruments aimed at measuring social comparison of ability (INCOM), self-esteem (SISE), and life satisfaction (SWLS). The results showed that social comparison of ability on social media can predict self-esteem and life satisfaction among young adults. The model for participants' predicted self-esteem showed an explained variance of 16.5%, while the model for life satisfaction indicated an explained variance of only 5.6%. The model with self-esteem and social comparison of abilities as predictor variables had three times greater explanatory variance, reinforcing the assumption that social comparisons on social media have a more significant impact on young adults' self-esteem. The results revealed a significant difference between men and women regarding social comparison of abilities on social media (t = 2.490, df = 79, p = 0.015). Women compared themselves more on social media than men in the study. However, there was no difference between genders in terms of self-esteem and life satisfaction. Young adults experience a certain lack of life satisfaction, which may be due to their high use of social media and the positive ideals presented on these platforms. The explanatory variance is considered low for young adults' life satisfaction in relation to their social comparisons on social media. For future studies, it would be significant to conduct a multiple regression analysis including more explanatory factors to strengthen the current study's results.

This paper presents new evidence linking different aspects of perceived inequality (education, employment, law enforcement, income and wealth, power, and gender) to life satisfaction. Using large-scale national survey data, we examined the relationships between the six aspects of perceived inequality, life satisfaction, and generalized trust among South Koreans (N = 17, 357). Exploratory structural equation modelling identified a two-factor structure of perceived inequality: Opportunity Inequality (inequalities in education and employment) and Power Inequality (inequalities in income and wealth, law enforcement, power, and gender). Results from mediation analysis suggested that both aspects of inequality negatively predicted life satisfaction via reduced generalized trust. Those processes were consistent regardless of household income. The study underscores the critical impact that public perceptions of (in)equality in various opportunity and power aspects have on well-being and trust and emphasizes the urgency of government and policy action to address the growing problem of inequality in South Korean society. The findings highlight the urgent need to address disparities and promote social harmony and well-being in countries facing similar challenges.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the associations of eating habits with self-rated health and life satisfaction in adolescents using a multiple-country sample. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) 2013/2014 wave was used in this study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on independent variables including breakfast on weekdays, breakfast at weekends, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, and soft dirks. Outcomes included self-rated health and life satisfaction. Regression models were used to assess the associations between the independent variables and the two outcomes, separately, after controlling for covariates. Results were presented using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Of all the study participants (aged 11–15 years), 50.8% were girls. Compared with no consumption of breakfast on weekdays, eating breakfast for five days had 1.22 times greater likelihood for improved self-rated health (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.19–1.25, p < 0.001). Participants who ate breakfast for both days (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.36–1.46, p < 0.001) and one day (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.08–1.17, p < 0.001) were more likely to experience improved self-rated health compared to never eating breakfast at weekends. Five or more days for fruit and vegetable consumption resulted in better self-rated health (all p < 0.001). Similar results were found in terms of the associations of breakfast, fruit, and vegetable consumption with life satisfaction. For example, a higher frequency of fruit intake was associated with enhanced self-rated health (e.g., OR for more than once daily = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.34–1.51, p < 0.001) compared to no fruit consumption. Similarly, a higher-frequency vegetable intake, such as more than once daily (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.26–1.39, p < 0.001), was associated with improved self-rated health. Conclusions: Healthy eating habits, especially regular breakfast and a higher

Gratitude has been considered a protective factor against various mental illnesses, providing individuals with heightened positive feelings towards life, thereby promoting well-being. However, little exploration has been conducted on its relationship with life satisfaction and resilience. Therefore, the objective of this research was to identify whether there is a relationship between gratitude, resilience, and life satisfaction and to compare these factors based on gender and income among Colombian adults. A quantitative, non-experimental study with correlational scope was conducted. The Gratitude Questionnaire (G-20), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were administered to a sample of 1099 Colombian partici-pants, including 123 men, 971 women, and 5 o thers. Participants ranged in age from 19 to 67 years, with the majority earning monthly incomes between 400,000 COP-900,000 COP (96.06 USD-218.07 USD). The results revealed high levels of gratitude, resilience, and life satisfaction. Comparatively, no differences were found between men and women. Participants with higher incomes exhibited greater levels of gratitude and life satisfaction compared to those with lower incomes. Furthermore, strong positive correlations were found between gratitude, resilience, and life satisfaction. In conclusion, gratitude can be considered a favorable aspect for health, quality of life, and the improvement of other psychological conditions, La gratitud ha sido considerada como un factor protector de diferentes enfermedades mentales y proporciona a los individuos mayores sentimientos de connotación positiva hacia la vida, lo que favorece al bienestar de las personas, pero poco se ha explorado su relación con la satisfacción con la vida y la resiliencia. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar si existe relación entre la gratitud, la resiliencia y la satisfacción con la vida, y compararlas según el sexo e ingresos económicos en adultos colombianos. Para ello se realizó un estudio cuanti-tativo, no experimental, con alcance correlacional. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios Cuestionario de Gratitud (G-20), Escala de Resiliencia Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC 10) y Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) en una muestra de 1099 participantes de nacionalidad colombiana, 123 hombres, 971 mujeres y 5 otros. Sus edades oscilaban entre los 19 y 67 años, y recibían en su mayoría mensualmente entre 400 000 COP y 900 000 COP (96.06 USD-218.07 USD). Los resultados mostraron altos niveles de gratitud, resiliencia y satisfacción con la vida, a nivel comparativo no se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres, los participantes con mayores ingresos económicos presentaron mayores niveles de gratitud y satisfacción con la vida en comparación de aquellos con menores ingresos, y finalmente se hallaron correlaciones fuertes y positivas entre la gratitud, resiliencia y satisfacción con la vida. En conclusión, puede contemplarse a la gratitud como un aspecto favorable para la salud, la calidad de vida y el mejoramiento de otras condiciones psicológicas.

This study aimed to report the indirect effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between discrimination and life satisfaction in migrant children and adoles‐cents in Chile. Two studies were conducted with 494 migrant children and adolescents in Chile (Study 1, n=292; Study 2, n=202), ranging in age from 9 to 18 years (Study 1, ME=12.30, SD=2.57; Study 2, ME=12.57, SD=2.51). To‐taling both samples, 50% were female (Study 1, n=143; Study 2, n=104) and 50% male (Study 1, n=149; Study 2, n=98). The first study investigated the re‐lationship between discrimination and life satisfaction. The second study repli‐cated this association in a different sample, including self-efficacy as a media‐ting variable. Structural equation modeling was used in both studies to estima‐te the proposed relationships. The results showed that discrimination is nega‐tively related to life satisfaction and that the self-efficacy of migrant children and adolescents partially mediates this relationship., El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar el efecto indirecto de la autoeficacia en la relación entre discriminación y satisfacción vital en niños y adolescentes migrantes en Chile. Se realizaron dos estudios con 494 niños y adolescentes migrantes en Chile (Estudio 1, n=292; Estudio 2, n=202) cuyas edades oscila‐ron entre 9 y 18 años (Estudio 1, ME=12.30, DT=2.57; Estudio 2, ME=12.57, DT=2.51). Sumando ambas muestras, el 50% eran mujeres (Estudio 1, n=143; Estudio 2, n=104) y el 50%, hombres (Estudio 1, n=149; Estudio 2, n=98). El primer estudio indagó la relación entre la discriminación y la satis‐facción vital. El segundo estudio replicó esta asociación en una muestra dife‐rente, incluyendo la autoeficacia como variable mediadora. En ambos estu‐dios se utilizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para estimar las rela‐ciones propuestas. Los resultados demostraron que la discriminación se rela‐ciona negativamente con la satisfacción vital y que esta relación está parcial‐mente mediada por la autoeficacia de los niños y adolescentes migrantes.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, disruptions to adolescents' routines manifested in increased sedentary behaviors, reduced physical activity (PA), diminished social contacts, and adverse effects on mental health. The study's objective was to analyze and compare adolescents' self-perceptions concerning health, vitality, and life satisfaction based on gender, PA, and education levels during the pandemic's restrictive timeframe before the January 2021 lockdown. A total of 1369 Portuguese students (621 boys and 748 girls; Mage: 14.4 years; SD: 1.74) participated in this study. Group differences were analyzed via ANCOVA, considering age, standardized BMI, socioeconomic status, and daily moderate-to-vigorous PA both pre- and during the pandemic. Only 3.1% of adolescents adhered to international PA guidelines. Results indicated generally low levels of adolescents' health self-perceptions, particularly among girls. The study sheds light on adolescents' self-perceptions of health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the associations between restrictive measures and adolescents' health perceptions and PA levels. Future studies are necessary to assess students' self-perceptions upon returning to normalcy and understand lingering negative effects on adolescents' well-being., Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, las interrupciones en las rutinas de los adolescentes se manifestaron en un aumento de comportamientos sedentarios, una reducción de la actividad física (AF), contactos sociales disminuidos y efectos adversos en la salud mental. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y comparar las auto-percepciones de salud, vitalidad y satisfacción con la vida de los adolescentes según el género, la AF y los niveles de educación durante el período restrictivo de la pandemia antes del confinamiento de enero de 2021. Participaron un total de 1369 estudiantes portugueses (621 niños y 748 niñas; edad media: 14.4 años; DE: 1.74). Las diferencias entre grupos se analizaron mediante ANCOVA, considerando la edad, el IMC estandarizado, el estatus socioeconómico y la AF moderada a vigorosa diaria tanto antes como durante la pandemia. Solo el 3.1% de los adolescentes cumplían con las pautas internacionales de AF. Los resultados indicaron niveles generalmente bajos de auto-percepciones de salud en los adolescentes, especialmente entre las niñas. El estudio arroja luz sobre las auto-percepciones de salud y bienestar de los adolescentes durante la pandemia de COVID-19, destacando las asociaciones entre las medidas restrictivas y la percepción de salud y los niveles de AF de los adolescentes. Futuros estudios son necesarios para evaluar las auto-percepciones de los estudiantes al volver a la normalidad y comprender los efectos negativos persistentes em el bienestar de los adolescentes.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the relative weight of life satisfaction and psychological well-being in predicting the flourishing of adolescents, evaluating in turn the profile of flourishing based on the degree of satisfaction with life and the levels of each of the aspects of well-being. Methodology: From a non-probabilistic sampling, 421 Argentine adolescents participated (Mage = 14,9; SD = 1,75), who answered the PERMA Profile Scale (Waigel & Lemos, 2023), Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale (Meier & Oros, 2019) and the Life Satisfaction Scale (Castro Solano, 2000). Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVAs). Results: The findings indicate that both life satisfaction and psychological well-being significantly predict adolescent flourishing. The proposed model explains 65,5 % of the variance, highlighting the predictive weight of hedonic aspects. Furthermore, there are differences in the general profile of flourishing depending on the level of satisfaction with life and some of the dimensions of psychological well-being. Conclusion: The importance of designing interventions that consider the predictors with the greatest impact on prosperity during adolescence is highlighted. Likewise, it is suggested to deepen the study of the precursors of flourishing to consolidate the science of flourishing., Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar cuál es el peso relativo de la satisfacción con la vida y el bienestar psicológico en la predicción del florecimiento de los adolescentes, evaluando a su vez el perfil de florecimiento en función del grado de satisfacción con la vida y de los niveles de cada uno de los aspectos del bienestar. Metodología: A partir de un muestreo no probabilístico participaron 421 adolescentes argentinos (Medad = 14,9; DE = 1,75), quienes respondieron la Escala Perfil PERMA (Waigel & Lemos, 2023), la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff (Meier & Oros, 2019) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la vida (Castro Solano, 2000). Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de regresión jerárquica y análisis multivariados de variancia (MANOVAs). Resultados: Los hallazgos indican que tanto la satisfacción con la vida como el bienestar psicológico predicen significativamente el florecimiento de los adolescentes. El modelo explica un 65,5 % de la variancia, destacándose el peso predictivo de los aspectos hedónicos. Además, existen diferencias en el perfil general de florecimiento en función del nivel de satisfacción con la vida y de algunas de las dimensiones del bienestar psicológico. Conclusión: Se destaca la importancia de diseñar intervenciones que contemplen los predictores con mayor incidencia sobre la prosperidad durante la adolescencia. Asimismo, se sugiere profundizar en el estudio de los precursores del florecimiento para consolidar la ciencia del florecimiento.

This study examines the reliability of cross-national subjective well-being (SWB) survey data, by corroborating the persistently high SWB-rankings of Denmark through a comparison to Sweden and Australia, two countries with similar or superior social, economic, and health indicators. Our research focuses on both the affective and the cognitive component of SWB, with a special emphasis on the affective component. We investigate four potential measurement issues that could contribute to Denmark’s elevated SWB scores: linguistic inconsistencies in survey translations, variations in answering scale usage, recall bias of affect, and positivity bias in life satisfaction judgments. To address these concerns, we utilize multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, analyse emotion-focused anchoring vignettes, examine affect items across varying time frames, and contrast overall life satisfaction assessments with those of domain-specific satisfaction. Despite accounting for various potential measurement issues, our results reveal that Danes consistently report higher SWB than their Swedish and Australian counterparts, although the differences are small for several of the measures. This finding implies that the SWB survey-data is reliable in this case, and that Denmark's high SWB rankings are not attributable to measurement biases but may indeed signify genuinely high levels of SWB. This paper adds to the growing body of literature on cross-national SWB comparisons and might provide insights for researchers aiming to compare well-being across countries.

The aim of this registered report is to investigate how the core components of subjective wellbeing, Life Satisfaction (LS) and Emotional Wellbeing (EWB), differ with respect to their relationship to antecedent factors. Seven factors are proposed that have been found in previous research to antecede LS and EWB. Social Comparisons, Meaningfulness, Economic/Social Resources, and Opportunities are hypothesized to correlate more closely with LS than EWB, while Time Use, Hassles/Uplifts, and Neuroticism are hypothesized to correlate more strongly with EWB than LS. A combined online and paper-and-pencil survey was administered to a representative sample of 974 Swedish citizens aged 15 years or older. LS and EWB were measured by self-report methods that have been developed and used in previous research. Index measures were constructed from self-reports of each antecedent factor by means of ratings on two scales developed in this study. Multivariate regression and relative weight analyses confirmed two of the hypotheses in showing that Economic/Social Resources and Opportunities were significantly more strongly related with LS than EWB. Of those hypothesized to correlate more strongly with EWB than LS, support was obtained for Neuroticism. Social Comparisons, Meaningfulness, Time Use, and Hassles/Uplifts did not have different relationships with LS and EWB. The results confirm that to some extent antecedent factors are differentially associated with LS and EWB, thus contributing to a better understanding of the antecedents of the cognitive and affective components of subjective wellbeing. Future research should further explore the mechanisms underlying these different relationships as well as moderators and mediators of the relationships.

This study examined how satisfaction with aspects of running the business as well as satisfaction with aspects of the private life are related to small-business owners' subjective well-being (SWB). Measures were obtained of both life satisfaction (LS) and emotional well-being (EWB) to investigate possible differences. Questionnaire data from a survey of small-business owners (n=614) showed that in the business domain LS is associated with satisfaction with revenues, EWB with satisfaction with customer and employee contacts, and both LS and EWB with satisfaction with working time. In the private life domain, LS is associated with satisfaction with family and economy and EWB with satisfaction with leisure. Overall, LS has a stronger association than EWB with satisfaction with aspects of private life, while the associations with satisfaction with business aspects are equally strong.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine is accompanied by horrific losses among civilians. This study investigates various individual (hope, optimism, resilience, post-traumatic growth, and coping strategies) and contextual predictors (experience of life under occupation, actively hostile home environment, and frequent moves) of subjective well-being among the youth living in Ukraine. A total sample of 593 students from several universities participated in the study using surveys that contained questions about sociodemographic characteristics, life satisfaction, hope, optimism, personal post-traumatic growth, resilience, and coping strategies. Data were analyzed using JAMOVI software. The level of dissatisfaction with their own lives was 34.7%; most of the respondents had a higher incidence of minimal/mild hopelessness (88.7%) and high/moderate level of optimism (60.9%). The majority of participants had moderate and high levels of post-traumatic growth (51.9% and 6.7%, respectively) and resilience (46.0% and 14.5%, respectively). Optimism, hope, resilience, post-traumatic growth, using emotional support, and life in occupation predicted life satisfaction among the study sample., Research was performed within the framework of the project “Young Ukrainians' Experiences and Perspectives of the Russia–Ukraine War. A Mixed-Methods Investigation on How to Promote Resilience and Sustainable Peacebuilding” and was supported by Small Grant Award, APA Division 48, The Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict and Violence.

This study examined how satisfaction with aspects of running the business as well as satisfaction with aspects of the private life are related to small-business owners' subjective well-being (SWB). Measures were obtained of both life satisfaction (LS) and emotional well-being (EWB) to investigate possible differences. Questionnaire data from a survey of small-business owners (n=614) showed that in the business domain LS is associated with satisfaction with revenues, EWB with satisfaction with customer and employee contacts, and both LS and EWB with satisfaction with working time. In the private life domain, LS is associated with satisfaction with family and economy and EWB with satisfaction with leisure. Overall, LS has a stronger association than EWB with satisfaction with aspects of private life, while the associations with satisfaction with business aspects are equally strong.

En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie som undersökts via en digital frågeenkät i syfte att se omdet fanns en korrelation mellan antal spelade timmar och självuppskattad livstillfredsställelsebland gamers och esportare.Livstillfredsställelse beskrivs enligt Kobau et al. (2010) som “Ett dynamiskt och relativttillstånd där man maximerar sin fysiska, mentala och sociala funktion i samband med stödjandemiljöer för att leva ett fullständigt, tillfredsställande och produktivt liv”. Denna definition går isamma linje som World Health Organization WHO (2012) definition av livskvalité. Till grundför studien ligger den exponentiella tillväxten inom spelbranschen med sina 3,22 miljarderdeltagare, där man kan anse att forskningen för dess potentiella negativa och positiva effekter ärobalanserade och fokuserade på olika områden och avgörande faktorer.I studien deltog 51 respondenter varav 49 med kompletta enkätsvar. Den insamlade datananalyserades med hjälp av statistikprogrammet SPSS och analysverktyget Spearmansrankkorrelationskoefficient.Studiens resultat visade på att det inte finns en signifikant korrelation mellan antalspelade timmar och självuppskattad livstillfredsställelse bland gamers och esportare. Resultatetgår alltså inte i hand med stora delar av tidigare forskning. Framtida forskning bör därför iakttapotentiella bakomliggande faktorer till gamers och esportares livstillfredsställelse, så som detsociala umgänget via Discord och Teamspeak där större delar av gamers och esportarekommunicerar och socialiserar sig i samband med spelandet., A quantitative cross-sectional study investigated via a digital questionnaire in order to see whether there was a correlation between number of hours played and self-rated life satisfaction among gamers and esports players. Life satisfaction is described according to Kobau et al. (2010) as “A dynamic and relative condition in which one maximizes one's physical, mental and social functioning in connection with supporting environments to live a full, fulfilling and productive life”. This definition goes into the same line as the World Health Organization WHO (2012) definition of quality of life. Basis for the study, the exponential growth lies within the gaming industry with its 3.22 billion participants, where one can consider the research for its potential negative and positive effects unbalanced and focused on different areas and decisive factors. 51 respondents took part in the study, of which 49 provided complete survey responses. The collected data was analyzed using the statistical program SPSS and the analysis tool Spearmans rank correlation coefficient.The results of the study showed that there is no significant correlation between numbers hours played and self-rated life satisfaction among gamers and esports players. The result thus does not go hand in hand with large parts of previous research. Future research should therefore take note potential underlying factors to gamers' and esporters' life satisfaction, such as that social interaction via Discord and Teamspeak where larger parts of gamers and esports playerscommunicates and socializes in connection with playing.

Problematic social media use (PSMU) is a societal problem, which impacts adolescents' well-being. Fear of missing out (FoMO) has been suggested as a core risk factor predicting both PSMU and adolescents' well-being. However, longitudinal research on the directionality of these relationships is scarce. The present study aims to fill this knowledge gap by testing the bidirectional relationships between FoMO, PSMU and adolescents’ life satisfaction in the total sample, as well as for girls and boys separately. This study used four-waves annual longitudinal data collected from 2015 to 2019 among Dutch adolescents aged 11–15 years (n = 1419, Mage = 12.5 ± 0.60, 45.9% girls). We applied random intercept cross-lagged panel model(s) to separate within-person level effects from between-person level effects. On the within-person level, findings suggested a unidirectional relationship whereby FoMO increased PSMU during mid-adolescence, but not vice versa. Moreover, low life satisfaction predicted an increase in FoMO during early adolescents. These findings underline that FoMO can be considered a risk factor of PSMU, and that low life satisfaction may be a risk factor for developing FoMO. These insights should be considered in intervention programs developed to effectively prevent unhealthy internet use in adolescents.

This thesis analyses the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the life satisfaction of students in Germany one year after the start of the pandemic. The motivation for this thesis is the lack of studies to date that analyse the long-term effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on life satisfaction. In a difference-in-difference design, I compare the development of German students who were in their first year of university during the start of the pandemic (N=522) with a group of students who started their studies without Covid-19 (N=1,163). Furthermore, the impact of the pandemic on different demographic groups was analysed. The results indicated a negative effect of the pandemic on the life satisfaction of students in Germany. The analysis revealed that the effects of the pandemic were more pronounced in males than in females. Migration background and parental education did not exert a significant influence on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on life satisfaction. Finally, this thesis examines various aspects that influence life satisfaction.

Objective: The main purpose of this study is to explore the influences of Financial Knowledge for Retirement and Retirement Self-efficacy on Life Satisfaction, with a specific focus on the mediating role of Retirement Readiness among working adults in China. Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in the context of China’s aging population and slowing economic growth, highlighting the increasing importance of Retirement Readiness. It posits that Financial Knowledge for Retirement and Retirement Self-efficacy are key determinants of Retirement Readiness, which in turn impacts Life Satisfaction. Method: Utilizing a quantitative research methodology, data were collected from a stratified sample of working adults in China, covering diverse age groups, regions, and occupational backgrounds. Results and Discussion: The findings confirm all five proposed hypotheses, demonstrating that both Financial Knowledge for Retirement and Retirement Self-efficacy have a statistically significant impact on Retirement Readiness. Retirement Readiness, in turn, has a statistically significant influence on Life Satisfaction. This suggests that enhancing financial knowledge and self-efficacy in retirement planning can improve Retirement Readiness and, consequently, Life Satisfaction among working adults in China. Research Implications: The study highlights the importance of financial education and tailored guidance for retirement planning. It suggests that working adults, policymakers, educators, financial advisors, and researchers should focus on improving Financial Knowledge for Retirement and Retirement Self-efficacy to help individuals better prepare for retirement. Originality/Value: This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the determinants of Life Satisfaction among working adults in China, with a particular emphasis on the mediating role of Retirement Readiness.

It has been seen that the objective economic measures as the GDP, do not faithfully reflect the welfare of the society. Therefore, other subjective measurements have been used such as the life satisfaction, this being the main indicator for subjective well-being that is examined through self-assessment, that the person makes about their own life. This has given place to the homeostatic theory. This theory indicates that the person evaluates their level of life satisfaction in a positive way and in the most general sense. The response that the person expresses reflects the level in which the homeostatic system operates, as a mechanism of self-regulation, in order to adapt to variations from the outside. The objective of the current research is to show the presence of such system when measuring life satisfaction through the fuzzy inference method. To achieve this measurement, a part of the published data on subjective well-being, generated by the BIARE Basic survey managed by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (NISG) is used. The numeric result of this process shows a positive and stable behavior, illustrating with this the principle of homeostasis that rules this theory., Se ha visto que las medidas económicas objetivas como el PIB no reflejan fielmente el bienestar de la sociedad. Por ello, se han utilizado otras mediciones subjetivas como la satisfacción con la vida, siendo éste el indicador principal del bienestar subjetivo que se examina por medio de la autoevaluación que hace la propia persona sobre su vida. Lo anterior ha dado lugar a la teoría homeostática. Esta teoría indica que la persona evalúa su nivel de satisfacción con su vida de forma positiva y en el sentido más general. La respuesta que la persona manifiesta, refleja el nivel en el que opera el sistema homeostático como mecanismo de autorregulación para adaptarse ante variaciones del exterior. El objetivo de la presente investigación es mostrar la presencia de dicho sistema al medir la satisfacción con la vida a través de un método de inferencia difuso. Para lograr tal medición, se utiliza una parte de los datos publicados referentes al bienestar subjetivo que genera la encuesta BIARE Básico, gestionada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). Los valores numéricos de este proceso muestran un comportamiento estable y positivo, ilustrando con esto el principio de la homeostasis que rige dicha teoría.

OBJECTIVE: One large focus of personality psychology is to understand the biopsychosocial factors responsible for adult personality development and well-being change. However, little is known about how macro-level contextual factors, such as rurality-urbanicity, are related to personality development and well-being change. METHOD: The present study uses data from two large longitudinal studies of U.S. Americans (MIDUS, HRS) to examine whether there are rural-urban differences in levels and changes in the Big Five personality traits and well-being (i.e., psychological well-being, and life satisfaction) in adulthood. RESULTS: Multilevel models showed that Americans who lived in more rural areas tended to have lower levels of openness, conscientiousness, and psychological well-being, and higher levels of neuroticism. With the exception of psychological well-being (which replicated across MIDUS and HRS), rural-urban differences in personality traits were only evident in the HRS sample. The effect of neuroticism was fully robust to the inclusion of socio-demographic and social network covariates, but other effects were partially robust (i.e., conscientiousness and openness) or were not robust at all (i.e., psychological well-being). In both samples, there were no rural-urban differences in Big Five or well-being change. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the implications of these findings for personality and rural health research.

Identifying and promoting students’ social-emotional strengths is essential in building their mental health. Covitality, representing the co-occurrence of psychological strengths, is a helpful framework for characterizing students’ well-being. This study used latent profile analysis to identify adolescents’ (n = 11,217; 50.3% female, 37.8% male; grades 9 [33.7%], 10 [21.0%], 11 [28.9%], and 12 [16.5%]) covitality patterns across 12 social-emotional health domains. We investigated whether student demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, parent educational attainment, ethnic identification) were related to profile membership. We further examined profiles’ relations to students’ proximal academic and mental health outcomes, including self-reported grades, school connectedness, life satisfaction, and psychological distress. Four covitality profiles were identified—High, Moderate-High, Moderate-Low, and Low. Profile membership was statistically significantly related to students’ sex and socioeconomic circumstances but with small effect sizes. We identified consistent differences across covitality profiles on student self-reported proximal outcomes. Overall, students in profiles with higher covitality levels (High and Moderate-High) reported (a) higher grades, school connectedness, and life satisfaction and (b) less psychological distress, with students in the High profile reporting the most favorable outcomes. Assessing students’ strengths and providing interventions focused on building strengths across domains are recommended.

The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore the prevalence and impact of workplace bullying among public school teachers in Lahore, Pakistan. Semi-structures interviews were conducted in order to collect insights from the public-school teachers who were selected through purposive sampling technique. Questions were related to the prevalence of bullying among school teachers and its impact on the victims. Through the use of thematic analysis technique, two major themes were identified: Verbal bullying and consequences for the victim. Subthemes of verbal bullying included uncomfortable jokes about personal characteristics and personal life, sexist remarks, name calling, teasing comments, narrative building and indirect bullying. The second theme “consequences for the victims” demonstrated the unwanted consequences which included mental health challenges such as stress, anxiety, sleep issues, job burnout and lack of focus on professional responsibilities. Further research work in different settings is needed for a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of bullying at educational workplaces is needed. Adoption of anti-bullying programs by the management at school level is also suggested for the improvement of the situation.

The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore the prevalence and impact of workplace bullying among public school teachers in Lahore, Pakistan. Semi-structures interviews were conducted in order to collect insights from the public-school teachers who were selected through purposive sampling technique. Questions were related to the prevalence of bullying among school teachers and its impact on the victims. Through the use of thematic analysis technique, two major themes were identified: Verbal bullying and consequences for the victim. Subthemes of verbal bullying included uncomfortable jokes about personal characteristics and personal life, sexist remarks, name calling, teasing comments, narrative building and indirect bullying. The second theme “consequences for the victims” demonstrated the unwanted consequences which included mental health challenges such as stress, anxiety, sleep issues, job burnout and lack of focus on professional responsibilities. Further research work in different settings is needed for a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of bullying at educational workplaces is needed. Adoption of anti-bullying programs by the management at school level is also suggested for the improvement of the situation.

The Achievement Goal Theory has been commonly used in the literature and the relation between the goal orientation construct and aspects of athletes’ personality and well-being is an important element to be considered in the sports field. The objectives of this study were: (i) to confirm the reliability, factorial invariance and existence of latent mean differences of the Goal Orientations in Exercise Scale (GOES) in an Ecuadorian sample across sex; (ii) to identify the existence of subgroups of Ecuadorian students with different profiles of goal orientations to exercise; and iii) to determine the differences in resilience and life satisfaction among these profiles. A total of 597 Ecuadorian students from the Sports Sciences degree participated in this study. Confirmatory factorial analysis supported the two-dimensional (ego-task) GOES structure. The GOES has an adequate reliability and structural invariance across sex. Significant latent mean differences on the ego orientation subscale were found across sex but not in the task one. Cluster analysis identified three task-ego orientation profiles: (1) moderately high on task and low on ego; (2) low on task and slightly high on ego; (3) high in both task and ego orientation. Post hoc comparisons showed statistical differences in resilience between the three profiles and in life satisfaction between the profile 3 and profiles 1 and 2. The current study allows the possibility of using the GOES as an invariant and reliable scale in Ecuadorian sample and initiates the use of goal orientation profiles and their relationship with resilience and life satisfaction in the sports field.

Life satisfaction is a key aspect of subjective well-being (SWB) and is often referred to as an individual’s cognitive assessment of their overall life. Measured by tools such as the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), life satisfaction is crucial for reliably assessing SWB. It serves as a stable measure, reflecting long-term judgements of SWB - unlike affect measures that capture more short-term judgements influenced by situational variability. While the SWLS demonstrates internal consistency, the neural correlates of life satisfaction remain largely unknown, limiting our comprehension of SWB’s cognitive dimension. This systematic review aims to bridge the gap by comprehensively examining relevant literature, emphasizing resting-state neuroimaging studies. Despite methodological differences, the authors discovered relationships between brain structures and life satisfaction, revealing a spectrum of associations ranging from positive to negative, alongside correlations with varying strengths. These structures include the left SFG, bilateral MFG, frontoinsular cortex, and other areas correlated with microstructural connections, including the SPL, IPL and TPJ. Considering the novelty and limited establishment of this subject, ongoing research is crucial for uncovering the precise neural correlates of life satisfaction.

Objectives: This study quantifies the economic value of knowing a close family member or friend who attempted or died by suicide, using the Well-being Valuation Method (WVM). Background: Prior research has varied in assessing the valuation of suicide prevention, often not comparing it with other mortality causes. Our study presents a pioneering exploration into quantifying the economic value of experiencing a close family member or friend’s suicide attempt or suicide death using the Well-being Valuation Method (WVM), also known as the life satisfaction approach (LSA). Methods: Data from an online survey of 1,000 Swedish adults were used to apply the WVM. This included information on life satisfaction, knowing someone who attempted or died by suicide, household income, and healthcare resource allocation attitudes. We estimated life satisfaction equations and the implicit marginal rate of substitution between income and the experience of knowing someone who attempted or died by suicide. Results: Knowing a close individual who attempted or died by suicide significantly reduces life satisfaction. The monetary compensation to maintain life satisfaction varied, ranging from 6.4-9.6 thousand Euros for those knowing someone who died by suicide, to 8.1-9.9 thousand Euros for knowing someone who attempted suicide. Discussion: The study highlights the significant economic burden and varying compensation needs based on different suicide-related experiences. It emphasizes the importance of incorporating these individual experiences into healthcare policy and suicide prevention strategies, reflecting the broader economic and social implications of suicide. This approach advocates for informed policymaking and resource allocation, addressing the comprehensive impact of suicide.

The variety and the number of ways of measuring individual wellbeing has increased over the past two decades. In addition to all self-reported measures, researchers also consider a wide variety of objectively-measured indicators of wellbeing (e.g., blood pressure, pulse rate, and the pattern of activity in different parts of the brain). However, it has not yet been established if the analysis of one only of these measurement concepts suffices, or rather whether more can be learnt from the joint analyses of both subjective and objective adult wellbeing indicators. This chapter briefly reviews this question, focussing on cortisol (as a potential objective measure) and life satisfaction (as a subjective measure), and suggests directions for future research.

The aim of this registered report is to investigate how the core components of subjective wellbeing, Life Satisfaction (LS) and Emotional Wellbeing (EWB), differ with respect to their relationship to antecedent factors. Seven factors are proposed that have been found in previous research to antecede LS and EWB. Social Comparisons, Meaningfulness, Economic/Social Resources, and Opportunities are hypothesized to correlate more closely with LS than EWB, while Time Use, Hassles/Uplifts, and Neuroticism are hypothesized to correlate more strongly with EWB than LS. A combined online and paper-and-pencil survey was administered to a representative sample of 974 Swedish citizens aged 15 years or older. LS and EWB were measured by self-report methods that have been developed and used in previous research. Index measures were constructed from self-reports of each antecedent factor by means of ratings on two scales developed in this study. Multivariate regression and relative weight analyses confirmed two of the hypotheses in showing that Economic/Social Resources and Opportunities were significantly more strongly related with LS than EWB. Of those hypothesized to correlate more strongly with EWB than LS, support was obtained for Neuroticism. Social Comparisons, Meaningfulness, Time Use, and Hassles/Uplifts did not have different relationships with LS and EWB. The results confirm that to some extent antecedent factors are differentially associated with LS and EWB, thus contributing to a better understanding of the antecedents of the cognitive and affective components of subjective wellbeing. Future research should further explore the mechanisms underlying these different relationships as well as moderators and mediators of the relationships.

In recent years, policymakers and researchers have shown increased interest in subjective well-being across countries. While previous research primarily focused on country averages, measuring the distribution of subjective well-being through standard deviation has become more frequent. This article introduces a new approach to assess subjective well-being: focusing on the “worst off," or the group with the lowest levels of well-being. Based on several ethical and political theories, this measure is deemed the most relevant when assessing well-being levels in society. The study constructs new measures of low subjective well-being (the bottom 10%) to evaluate differences across countries, changes over time, and associations with economic growth, using data from 33 European countries from 2002 to 2018. The findings indicate significant variations in well-being for the worst off across countries, with improvements observed in almost all countries studied, particularly in Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic. Improvements are generally larger for the worst off compared to the general population. Furthermore, both GDP per capita and financial satisfaction are positively associated with the subjective well-being of the worst off, both over time and when countries are compared cross-sectionally. The implications of these findings for future research and benchmarking quality of life are discussed.

Background Subjective well-being (SWB) is associated with social support in cross-sectional studies. However, it remains unclear whether and how social support predicts SWB longitudinally, especially during the COVID-19 contingency. Methods By adopting a prospective design, the current work addressed this research question in a sample of 594 participants from the U.K. The data were collected via the online platform, Prolific, at two time points (June, 2020 and August, 2021) with a 14-month interval. Descriptive analysis and a moderated mediation model were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Results Baseline social support was a significant predictor of subjective well-being (SWB) 14 months later, even after controlling for baseline SWB and other covariates such as personality traits. Additionally, affect balance (i.e., the affective component of SWB) fully mediated the link between baseline social support and subsequent life satisfaction (i.e., the cognitive component of SWB). Moreover, household income moderated this relationship, indicating a stronger mediation for individuals with lower monthly household income. Conclusion The present work sheds light on the underlying mechanism and boundary condition of the association between social support and different components of SWB during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background Subjective well-being (SWB) is associated with social support in cross-sectional studies. However, it remains unclear whether and how social support predicts SWB longitudinally, especially during the COVID-19 contingency. Methods By adopting a prospective design, the current work addressed this research question in a sample of 594 participants from the U.K. The data were collected via the online platform, Prolific, at two time points (June, 2020 and August, 2021) with a 14-month interval. Descriptive analysis and a moderated mediation model were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Results Baseline social support was a significant predictor of subjective well-being (SWB) 14 months later, even after controlling for baseline SWB and other covariates such as personality traits. Additionally, affect balance (i.e., the affective component of SWB) fully mediated the link between baseline social support and subsequent life satisfaction (i.e., the cognitive component of SWB). Moreover, household income moderated this relationship, indicating a stronger mediation for individuals with lower monthly household income. Conclusion The present work sheds light on the underlying mechanism and boundary condition of the association between social support and different components of SWB during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In recent years, policymakers and researchers have shown increased interest in subjective well-being across countries. While previous research primarily focused on country averages, measuring the distribution of subjective well-being through standard deviation has become more frequent. This article introduces a new approach to assess subjective well-being: focusing on the “worst off," or the group with the lowest levels of well-being. Based on several ethical and political theories, this measure is deemed the most relevant when assessing well-being levels in society. The study constructs new measures of low subjective well-being (the bottom 10%) to evaluate differences across countries, changes over time, and associations with economic growth, using data from 33 European countries from 2002 to 2018. The findings indicate significant variations in well-being for the worst off across countries, with improvements observed in almost all countries studied, particularly in Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic. Improvements are generally larger for the worst off compared to the general population. Furthermore, both GDP per capita and financial satisfaction are positively associated with the subjective well-being of the worst off, both over time and when countries are compared cross-sectionally. The implications of these findings for future research and benchmarking quality of life are discussed.

Background Subjective well-being (SWB) is associated with social support in cross-sectional studies. However, it remains unclear whether and how social support predicts SWB longitudinally, especially during the COVID-19 contingency. Methods By adopting a prospective design, the current work addressed this research question in a sample of 594 participants from the U.K. The data were collected via the online platform, Prolific, at two time points (June, 2020 and August, 2021) with a 14-month interval. Descriptive analysis and a moderated mediation model were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. Results Baseline social support was a significant predictor of subjective well-being (SWB) 14 months later, even after controlling for baseline SWB and other covariates such as personality traits. Additionally, affect balance (i.e., the affective component of SWB) fully mediated the link between baseline social support and subsequent life satisfaction (i.e., the cognitive component of SWB). Moreover, household income moderated this relationship, indicating a stronger mediation for individuals with lower monthly household income. Conclusion The present work sheds light on the underlying mechanism and boundary condition of the association between social support and different components of SWB during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Martial arts and combat sports have been shown to influence several desirable psychological factors positively. This quantitative study aimed to explore the differences in mental strength, resilience, grit, self-efficacy, self-control, aggression, life satisfaction, and mental health between belt ranks in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) athletes. A sample of 410 BJJ participants (323 males and 87 females) from 18 to 60 years of age was included in this study. Data was collected anonymously via Google Form and included the Mental Strength Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Grit Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Brief Self-Control Scale, Brief Aggression Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Mental Health Disorders Screening Instrument for Athletes, and additional demographic information. Analyses of variance with Tukey post-hoc were performed to compare the psychological profile among BJJ belt ranks. Independent samples t-tests were performed to access the differences between white and black belts, and biological sexes. ANOVA revealed significantly higher grit in black belts than white and blue belts, in addition to higher grit in purple than white belts. Black belts reported significantly higher mental strength, resilience, grit, self-efficacy, self-control, life satisfaction, and better mental health than white belts. Moreover, significantly higher mental strength, resilience, and aggression were found in males than females. In conclusion, this study's findings provide evidence of the positive impact of BJJ training on mental strength, resilience, grit, self-efficacy, self-control, life satisfaction, and mental health, with no significant differences in aggression after short-, mid-, and long-term engagement with BJJ.