Search

By-products produced during the processing of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice are currently undervalued and discarded, hence, this study investigated the effects of temperature (30–60 °C) and pressure (10–40 MPa) on the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of a mixture of pomegranate peels and seeds (1:1) at a fixed CO2 flow rate of 10 L/min (0.1 MPa, 25 °C). The global yield increased with temperature but decreased with pressure, with the highest global yield (11.5%) obtained at 40 MPa and 40 °C. The reaction constants (0.044–0.066 min−1) and activation energy (6.06 kJ/mol) were determined with the first-order model. The Pardo-Castaño model I correlated with the experimental data with an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 6.1%, with the Chrastil model correlating with the solubility data with an AARD of 2.5%. The synergistic effect of PME was demonstrated with regard to yield as it had a higher extract to seed ratio.

By-products produced during the processing of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice are currently undervalued and discarded, hence, this study investigated the effects of temperature (30–60 °C) and pressure (10–40 MPa) on the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of a mixture of pomegranate peels and seeds (1:1) at a fixed CO2 flow rate of 10 L/min (0.1 MPa, 25 °C). The global yield increased with temperature but decreased with pressure, with the highest global yield (11.5%) obtained at 40 MPa and 40 °C. The reaction constants (0.044–0.066 min−1) and activation energy (6.06 kJ/mol) were determined with the first-order model. The Pardo-Castaño model I correlated with the experimental data with an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 6.1%, with the Chrastil model correlating with the solubility data with an AARD of 2.5%. The synergistic effect of PME was demonstrated with regard to yield as it had a higher extract to seed ratio.

The poor aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of andrographolide in aqueous gastrointestinal fluids often cause low oral bioavailability. In this work, Andrographis paniculata extract containing 16% andrographolide was coprecipitated with Pluronic F127, Eudragit EPO, and Eudragit L100-55 via solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) to improve andrographolide dissolution in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4). The SEDS working parameters were set constant as follows: 150 bar, 40 °C, CO2 flow rate 15 L/min (1 bar, 25 °C), liquid feed flow rate 0.5 mL/min, and 25 mg/mL of A. paniculata extract. SEDS coprecipitates formulated with lower Eudragit L100-55:A. paniculata mass ratios exhibited improved andrographolide dissolution in SIF (pH 7.4), while SEDS coprecipitates formulated with either Pluronic F127:A. paniculata or Eudragit EPO:A. paniculata at any mass ratio exhibited poorer andrographolide dissolution (<0.03 mg/mL released in 90 min) than SEDS-precipitated A. paniculata extract powder (0.06 mg/mL released in 90 min). In particular, SEDS coprecipitates formulated with a Eudragit L100-55:A. paniculata mass ratio of 6:25 were found to have the highest andrographolide release and dissolution rate in SIF (pH 7.4) (0.09 mg/mL released in 30 min). SEDS coprecipitation was successful, as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis.

The poor aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of andrographolide in aqueous gastrointestinal fluids often cause low oral bioavailability. In this work, Andrographis paniculata extract containing 16% andrographolide was coprecipitated with Pluronic F127, Eudragit EPO, and Eudragit L100-55 via solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) to improve andrographolide dissolution in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4). The SEDS working parameters were set constant as follows: 150 bar, 40 °C, CO2 flow rate 15 L/min (1 bar, 25 °C), liquid feed flow rate 0.5 mL/min, and 25 mg/mL of A. paniculata extract. SEDS coprecipitates formulated with lower Eudragit L100-55:A. paniculata mass ratios exhibited improved andrographolide dissolution in SIF (pH 7.4), while SEDS coprecipitates formulated with either Pluronic F127:A. paniculata or Eudragit EPO:A. paniculata at any mass ratio exhibited poorer andrographolide dissolution (<0.03 mg/mL released in 90 min) than SEDS-precipitated A. paniculata extract powder (0.06 mg/mL released in 90 min). In particular, SEDS coprecipitates formulated with a Eudragit L100-55:A. paniculata mass ratio of 6:25 were found to have the highest andrographolide release and dissolution rate in SIF (pH 7.4) (0.09 mg/mL released in 30 min). SEDS coprecipitation was successful, as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis.

Andrographolide with poor aqueous solubility and poor dissolution rate is predisposed to low oral bioavailability. To overcome these constraints, strategies (reducing crystallinity and increasing surface area) were employed through Solution-Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SEDS). SEDS precipitation of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees extract from CO2-Acetone and CO2- Acetone:Ethanol (v/v) 1:1 systems at different pressure (100, 150 bar) and temperature (40, 50 ̊C) combination as well as aqueous solubility of andrographolide precipitated were first studied. Modification of its aqueous solubility was then conducted by manipulating precipitation using CO2-Acetone:Ethanol (v/v) of different proportions at selected pressure-temperature combination. Results showed that the low crystalline A. paniculata extract powder precipitated from CO2-Acetone system at 150 bar, 40 ̊C had the highest aqueous solubility of andrographolide (0.06 mg/mL), a two-fold increment than extract. However, absorption of andrographolide could still be poor for its low dissolution rate in Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF), pH 7.4 (0.06 mg/mL release in 90 min). Therefore, SEDS co-precipitation of A. paniculata with polymers were conducted using the best SEDS precipitation parameters (150 bar, 40 ̊C, CO2-Acetone system). SEDS co-precipitated A. paniculata with Pluronic F127 or Eudragit EPO exhibited poorer andrographolide dissolution in SIF (< 0.03 mg/mL release in 90 min). SEDS coprecipitated A. paniculata with Eudragit L100-55 in Eudragit L100-55:A. paniculata mass ratio (2:25) showed improved dissolution rate of andrographolide in SIF (0.06 mg/mL release in 45 min) and mass ratio increment to 6:25 resulted in higher andrographolide release and dissolution rate (0.09 mg/mL release in 30 min). Only 20- 30% of andrographolide from SEDS co-precipitates (6:25) was degraded after twomonth storage whereas 30-60% of andrographolide was degraded after addition into beverag

The objective of study is to improve aqueous solubility of andrographolide through particle engineering using Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids (SEDS) approach. The precipitation pattern of sticky crude Andrographis paniculata extract from CO2-acetone system and CO2-acetone:ethanol (v/v) 1:1 system as well as the aqueous solubility of andrographolide precipitated were first studied at different pressure (100, 150 bar) and temperature (40, 50 °C) combination (full factorial design). The modification of aqueous solubility of andrographolide was then attempted by manipulating its precipitation process from CO2-solvent systems consisting of single solvent and solvent mixture at different proportions (v/v) at the appropriate pressure-temperature combination. A. paniculata powder precipitated from CO2-acetone system at 150 bar, 40 °C was found to be large, irregularly shaped, less crystalline with the highest andrographolide aqueous solubility (twofold increment compared to crude extract) and recovery compared to those precipitated from CO2-ethanol system and other CO2-solvent mixture systems. Complete dissolution of andrographolide from A. paniculata powder precipitated from CO2-acetone system had been achieved within 90 min. For SEDS precipitation under solvent mixture system, with increment of proportion of ethanol from 25% to 75%, larger particles and change of powder morphology from stripes into plates were resulted. Based on the higher aqueous solubility and dissolution of andrographolide, recovery as well as a different morphology observed from the less crystalline A. paniculata powder precipitated from CO2-acetone system, less impurities could have co-precipitated with andrographolide.

The objective of study is to improve aqueous solubility of andrographolide through particle engineering using Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluids (SEDS) approach. The precipitation pattern of sticky crude Andrographis paniculata extract from CO2-acetone system and CO2-acetone:ethanol (v/v) 1:1 system as well as the aqueous solubility of andrographolide precipitated were first studied at different pressure (100, 150 bar) and temperature (40, 50 °C) combination (full factorial design). The modification of aqueous solubility of andrographolide was then attempted by manipulating its precipitation process from CO2-solvent systems consisting of single solvent and solvent mixture at different proportions (v/v) at the appropriate pressure-temperature combination. A. paniculata powder precipitated from CO2-acetone system at 150 bar, 40 °C was found to be large, irregularly shaped, less crystalline with the highest andrographolide aqueous solubility (twofold increment compared to crude extract) and recovery compared to those precipitated from CO2-ethanol system and other CO2-solvent mixture systems. Complete dissolution of andrographolide from A. paniculata powder precipitated from CO2-acetone system had been achieved within 90 min. For SEDS precipitation under solvent mixture system, with increment of proportion of ethanol from 25% to 75%, larger particles and change of powder morphology from stripes into plates were resulted. Based on the higher aqueous solubility and dissolution of andrographolide, recovery as well as a different morphology observed from the less crystalline A. paniculata powder precipitated from CO2-acetone system, less impurities could have co-precipitated with andrographolide.

Andrographolide with poor aqueous solubility and poor dissolution rate is predisposed to low oral bioavailability. To overcome these constraints, strategies (reducing crystallinity and increasing surface area) were employed through Solution-Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SEDS). SEDS precipitation of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees extract from CO2-Acetone and CO2- Acetone:Ethanol (v/v) 1:1 systems at different pressure (100, 150 bar) and temperature (40, 50 ̊C) combination as well as aqueous solubility of andrographolide precipitated were first studied. Modification of its aqueous solubility was then conducted by manipulating precipitation using CO2-Acetone:Ethanol (v/v) of different proportions at selected pressure-temperature combination. Results showed that the low crystalline A. paniculata extract powder precipitated from CO2-Acetone system at 150 bar, 40 ̊C had the highest aqueous solubility of andrographolide (0.06 mg/mL), a two-fold increment than extract. However, absorption of andrographolide could still be poor for its low dissolution rate in Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF), pH 7.4 (0.06 mg/mL release in 90 min). Therefore, SEDS co-precipitation of A. paniculata with polymers were conducted using the best SEDS precipitation parameters (150 bar, 40 ̊C, CO2-Acetone system). SEDS co-precipitated A. paniculata with Pluronic F127 or Eudragit EPO exhibited poorer andrographolide dissolution in SIF (< 0.03 mg/mL release in 90 min). SEDS coprecipitated A. paniculata with Eudragit L100-55 in Eudragit L100-55:A. paniculata mass ratio (2:25) showed improved dissolution rate of andrographolide in SIF (0.06 mg/mL release in 45 min) and mass ratio increment to 6:25 resulted in higher andrographolide release and dissolution rate (0.09 mg/mL release in 30 min). Only 20- 30% of andrographolide from SEDS co-precipitates (6:25) was degraded after twomonth storage whereas 30-60% of andrographolide was degraded after addition into beverag

This paper attempts to create a WeeliciousCuisine quick respond (QR) code content which including some guideline video to guide the users on how to use this product and also providing some recipe to teach them how to used and how to made a complete dishes.The target of audience ages are in seventeen to twenty five years old.Besides that, it also aim for the restaurants, shops and bars to provide them a better understanding of how the products have been use as to improve the services of the tourism industry as this application provides the useful information related to the products or ingredients that required by the foreigners, so the users can get the right ingredients in overseas for example, Malaysia.Research conducted by using the descriptive statistics and result shown more than 58% respondents are still not familiar with Quick respond code but more than a half respondents are interested to know more about Quick respond code and requested to improve their content on food and beverage.In conclusion, WeeliciousCuisine Quick Response (QR) is a system that helps user to have a quick look and learn how to cook in short time.The function of this system is to prevent users for choosing the wrong ingredients and also help them to save time and cost in the supermarket.

In vitro propagation of papaya has been reported to be hindered by slow explant initiation and proliferation as well as the production of abnormal shoots and roots which resulted in low plantlets survival rate during transplantation. Chitosan supplementation to culture media and through foliar application has been reported to give positive effects on in vitro growth and ex vitro acclimatization of several crop species. The present study aims at establishing a complete and reliable method of propagation of hermaphrodite papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. Eksotika) through the determination of best sterilization procedure, type of explant, medium and plant growth regulators (PGRs) requirements, the application of chitosan to improve in vitro shoot and root growth and plantlets performance during ex vitro acclimatization. In attempts to minimize the possible variations, a single mother plant was used as source of planting material throughout the study. This is the first report on the application of chitosan on Eksotika papaya. Explants taken from greenhouse mother plant and treated with 20% NaOCl solution for 20 minutes experienced low percentage of explant contamination (35.20%) with comparatively high rate of explant viability (74.67%). Shoot tip was identified as the suitable planting material with higher percentage of explant viability (73.33%). Full-MS salt was superior to half-MS in shoot growth and development. The combination of 1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA was selected as the basal plant growth regulators for experiment with chitosan application based on its maximum performance on shoot proliferation. The treatment induced shoot after 13 days of culture, resulted in highest rate of proliferation (128.9 shoots per explant) and an average shoot height of 1.96 cm. Chitosan supplementation had significantly enhanced growth and development of papaya shoot tip explants. Chitosan at 20 mg L-1 induced earliest shoot initiation which occurred after seven days of culture

In vitro propagation of papaya has been reported to be hindered by slow explant initiation and proliferation as well as the production of abnormal shoots and roots which resulted in low plantlets survival rate during transplantation. Chitosan supplementation to culture media and through foliar application has been reported to give positive effects on in vitro growth and ex vitro acclimatization of several crop species. The present study aims at establishing a complete and reliable method of propagation of hermaphrodite papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. Eksotika) through the determination of best sterilization procedure, type of explant, medium and plant growth regulators (PGRs) requirements, the application of chitosan to improve in vitro shoot and root growth and plantlets performance during ex vitro acclimatization. In attempts to minimize the possible variations, a single mother plant was used as source of planting material throughout the study. This is the first report on the application of chitosan on Eksotika papaya. Explants taken from greenhouse mother plant and treated with 20% NaOCl solution for 20 minutes experienced low percentage of explant contamination (35.20%) with comparatively high rate of explant viability (74.67%). Shoot tip was identified as the suitable planting material with higher percentage of explant viability (73.33%). Full-MS salt was superior to half-MS in shoot growth and development. The combination of 1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg L-1 NAA was selected as the basal plant growth regulators for experiment with chitosan application based on its maximum performance on shoot proliferation. The treatment induced shoot after 13 days of culture, resulted in highest rate of proliferation (128.9 shoots per explant) and an average shoot height of 1.96 cm. Chitosan supplementation had significantly enhanced growth and development of papaya shoot tip explants. Chitosan at 20 mg L-1 induced earliest shoot initiation which occurred after seven days of culture