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The current state of decline of elasmobranch stocks is fuelled by overfishing and a lack of ecological and biological knowledge on many of the exploited species. Several of these sharks and rays species have shown complex behaviours and sociality that influence their distribution and ecology, both determinant factors for their management. The present work focuses on the undulate ray (Raja undulata), a commercially important skate classified as endangered in 2009 by the IUCN. In NW Spain (Galicia), its population and genetic structure – as well as basic biological and ecological knowledge – remains unknown, while available abundance indexes have revealed a decreasing trend in the last years. We used genetic and acoustic telemetry tools to assess the genetic structure, spatial distribution, and the interaction of both in a dense aggregation of undulate rays located within the Cíes Islands MPA. For this, 108 specimens were characterized using eight microsatellite markers that revealed a highly connected genetic network, with almost all its individuals genetically related through at least one first-order relationship. While previous studies had demonstrated the patchy distribution of the undulate ray, this is the first work addressing the genetic structure of these ‘patches’. The species’ local population aggregates seasonally, and skates were found to have up to 10-11 direct relatives within the aggregation area. Furthermore, telemetry data from the 85 tagged skates revealed that bigger females use less space in common between them than their smaller counterparts, while bigger males were found to do the opposite. Our results demonstrate how kinship is likely to be influencing the distribution of this elasmobranch species, either by means of genetic relatedness or familiarity, and lay the foundation for the long-term monitoring, conservation and future management of the species.

No-take zones can be an effective tool for protecting fish and crustacean stocks as well as marine ecosystems. However, it is important that these closed areas are properly designed and large enough. Seasonal spawning closures may be easier to enforce, but do not have as strong positive effects as no-take zones.

The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) treaty aims to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity within areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are identified as a crucial tool under area-based management measures within this framework. However, the establishment of MPAs in ABNJ may face challenges due to the presence of extended continental shelves (ECS). This paper explores two primary issues: the overlap of ECS claims and the interaction between the water column and the ocean floor in ECS areas. It aims to analyse how these factors might affect MPA establishment under the BBNJ treaty.

No-take zones can be an effective tool for protecting fish and crustacean stocks as well as marine ecosystems. However, it is important that these closed areas are properly designed and large enough. Seasonal spawning closures may be easier to enforce, but do not have as strong positive effects as no-take zones.

Fiskefria områden kan vara ett effektivt verktyg för att skydda både fisk- och kräftdjursbestånd och marina ekosystem. Men det är viktigt att områdena utformas på rätt sätt och är tillräckligt stora. Lektidsfredade områden kan vara enklare att driva igenom, men ger inte lika goda effekter.

The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is considered part of the ‘Outstanding Universal Value’ characterising the Wadden Sea World Heritage Site (WS WHS). The Trilateral Wadden Sea Plan aims to preserve the conservation status of the Trilateral Wadden Sea Cooperation Area, encompassing the WS WHS. The plan has specified two conservation targets for the harbour porpoise: (1) viable stocks and a natural reproduction capacity and (2) conservation of habitat quality for its conservation. To assess the current occurrence of the harbour porpoise in the Wadden Sea area, we collated and analysed data from regional and national research projects using telemetry, aerial surveys, strandings and passive acoustic monitoring, obtained over the years 1990–2020. The results illustrate that porpoises occur in both offshore and intertidal waters, showing seasonal movements and changes in local occurrence over time. Some porpoises displayed limited home ranges throughout the year, suggesting a possible residency for some of the animals using the Wadden Sea area. We also showed that methods, frequency and spatial coverage of monitoring activities vary among the countries Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. We discuss the suitability of the different methods both regarding the challenges of monitoring in the complex Wadden Sea habitat as well as their ability to target the conservation aims of the WHS. We give several recommendations to assess the status of the species to meet the identified conservation aims.

Fiskefria områden kan vara ett effektivt verktyg för att skydda både fisk- och kräftdjursbestånd och marina ekosystem. Men det är viktigt att områdena utformas på rätt sätt och är tillräckligt stora. Lektidsfredade områden kan vara enklare att driva igenom, men ger inte lika goda effekter.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) (Kenny, 2011) hos musikelever samt att förstå musiklärarnas olika strategier, erfarenheter och kunskaper kring MPA, med särskilt fokus på Albert Banduras (1991) Socialt lärandeperspektiv. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med fyra musiklärare i Stockholm. Därefter har musiklärarnas utsagor analyserats utifrån ett socialt lärandeperspektiv teoriperspektiv och en tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att musiklärare använder individuella strategier för att försöka hjälpa elever med Music Performance Anxiety (MPA). Men elever har olika behov så det kan vara svårt att hitta rätta strategier för eleverna. Elever som har tappat tron på sin egen förmåga genom att de har låg självkänsla behöver bra förebilder som kan stärka dem. Musiklärarna talar om flera olika tillvägagångssätt i undervisningen som har sammanställts i olika kategorier: Individanpassa, Relationsskapande, Reflektion, och Avdramatisera. De strategier som ansågs vara mest användbara i musikundervisningen för att hjälpa elever med MPA visas vara: Skapa en god relation med eleverna, visa att lärarna är här för att hjälpa och stärka eleverna., elevanpassad undervisning efter elevens behov och stöd, peppa eleverna för att stärka sin självkänsla och våga ta plats i klassrummet och i gruppen. Nyckelord: MPA, Musikundervisning, Individanpassa, Relationskompetens.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) (Kenny, 2011) hos musikelever samt att förstå musiklärarnas olika strategier, erfarenheter och kunskaper kring MPA, med särskilt fokus på Albert Banduras (1991) Socialt lärandeperspektiv. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med fyra musiklärare i Stockholm. Därefter har musiklärarnas utsagor analyserats utifrån ett socialt lärandeperspektiv teoriperspektiv och en tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att musiklärare använder individuella strategier för att försöka hjälpa elever med Music Performance Anxiety (MPA). Men elever har olika behov så det kan vara svårt att hitta rätta strategier för eleverna. Elever som har tappat tron på sin egen förmåga genom att de har låg självkänsla behöver bra förebilder som kan stärka dem. Musiklärarna talar om flera olika tillvägagångssätt i undervisningen som har sammanställts i olika kategorier: Individanpassa, Relationsskapande, Reflektion, och Avdramatisera. De strategier som ansågs vara mest användbara i musikundervisningen för att hjälpa elever med MPA visas vara: Skapa en god relation med eleverna, visa att lärarna är här för att hjälpa och stärka eleverna., elevanpassad undervisning efter elevens behov och stöd, peppa eleverna för att stärka sin självkänsla och våga ta plats i klassrummet och i gruppen. Nyckelord: MPA, Musikundervisning, Individanpassa, Relationskompetens.

Fiskefria områden kan vara ett effektivt verktyg för att skydda både fisk- och kräftdjursbestånd och marina ekosystem. Men det är viktigt att områdena utformas på rätt sätt och är tillräckligt stora. Lektidsfredade områden kan vara enklare att driva igenom, men ger inte lika goda effekter.

The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is considered part of the ‘Outstanding Universal Value’ characterising the Wadden Sea World Heritage Site (WS WHS). The Trilateral Wadden Sea Plan aims to preserve the conservation status of the Trilateral Wadden Sea Cooperation Area, encompassing the WS WHS. The plan has specified two conservation targets for the harbour porpoise: (1) viable stocks and a natural reproduction capacity and (2) conservation of habitat quality for its conservation. To assess the current occurrence of the harbour porpoise in the Wadden Sea area, we collated and analysed data from regional and national research projects using telemetry, aerial surveys, strandings and passive acoustic monitoring, obtained over the years 1990–2020. The results illustrate that porpoises occur in both offshore and intertidal waters, showing seasonal movements and changes in local occurrence over time. Some porpoises displayed limited home ranges throughout the year, suggesting a possible residency for some of the animals using the Wadden Sea area. We also showed that methods, frequency and spatial coverage of monitoring activities vary among the countries Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. We discuss the suitability of the different methods both regarding the challenges of monitoring in the complex Wadden Sea habitat as well as their ability to target the conservation aims of the WHS. We give several recommendations to assess the status of the species to meet the identified conservation aims.

As offshore wind energy expands in Europe, maritime planners increasingly need to consider the potential effects of these activities on the different types of marine protected areas (MPAs), including Natura 2000 sites. The aim of this article is to critically review the initial development of offshore wind energy inside and/or in the vicinity of Mediterranean Natura 2000 sites and other types of MPAs. The western Mediterranean Sea is taken as an example as this is where most of the offshore wind developments have been proposed. In order to open up discussion of offshore wind energy policy and guide ecological research that supports holistic decisions regarding offshore wind farm (OWF) installation in the region, we (i) outline the context of Natura 2000 and other MPA policy in the Mediterranean for OWF development, (ii) summarize the potential impacts of OWF on EU-protected habitats and species, (iii) assess the interactions of OWFs, the Natura 2000 sites, and other MPAs, and (iv) propose recommendations to approach OWF development in the Mediterranean in order to safeguard the Natura 2000 sites and other MPAs. After documenting the potential overlaps between OWFs and MPAs in the western Mediterranean, we recommend OWFs be placed outside Natura 2000 and other MPA sites, including their buffer zones. We also advocate for rigorous and independent Appropriate Assessments to be carried out for OWF proposals that could affect protected areas., The authors thank the three reviewers who have helped us greatly to improve the manuscript with their valuable comments and suggestions. This research was carried out in the frame of the BIOPAIS project (www.oceanshealth.udg.edu/en/biopais.html), which has the support of the Fundación Biodiversidad of the Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO) within the framework of the Recovery, Transformation, and Resilience Plan (PRTR), financed by the European Union—NextGenerationEU., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

A novel wide dual-band, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna design for the upcoming fifth generation (5G) wireless communication is presented in this work. The size of single element of the proposed MIMO configuration is 4×5 mm2having L-shaped slot at the top edge. Rogers TMM4 with thickness of 0.508 mm having relative permittivity of 4.5 is used as a substrate material. Resonating frequencies of single antenna element are 40.15, 67.80 and 91.23 GHz with a wide impedance bandwidth of 2.22 and 34.43 GHz, respectively. The return loss at resonating frequencies are - 29.25, -66.30. and -20.00 dB with a good gain of 5.51, 4.27 and 3.70 dBi, respectively. The overall size of proposed 1×2 MIMO antenna is 4×7 mm2with a separation of 3.6 mm in between two elements and 0.6 mm separation between the edges and elements. The resonating frequencies of the proposed MIMO antenna are 40.36 GHz with reasonable gain of 4.62 dBi, and 67.59 and 95.73 GHz with improved gain of 5.42 and 5.70 dBi, respectively. The simulated return loss below -10db at resonating frequencies are -21.92, -63.38 and -27.87 dB, respectively. Inter-port isolation of above 20 dB throughout the operating frequencies, is achieved without using any complex technique. Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) and Diversity Gain (DG), are important MIMO antenna parameters are less than 0.001 and 10 dB respectively. The proposed design with a high radiation efficiency at resonating frequencies is a good candidate for the satellite and radar communication as the achieved operating range lies in the proposed Ka-band (26-40 GHz), V-band (40-75 GHz), E-band (60-90 GHz) and W-band (75-110 GHz)., Part of ISBN 9798350320602QC 20240705

The singing voice is a highly personal instrument which occasionally may harvest feelings of MPA (music performance anxiety) and low self-efficacy among singing pupils. This qualitative study investigates pupil-teacher relationships and teachers' handling of MPA and self-efficacy from a pupil’s perspective implemented through semi-structured interviews. The study is permeated by a relational perspective focused on relational competence. Results obtained show that pupils describe the majority of pupil-teacher relationships as good and secure. A dauntless relationship is incused by trust and openness which is obtained through the teachers' ability to listen, show compassion, establish a forgiving atmosphere, attach to and treat the pupil with kindness and respect. The results show the importance of the teachers ability to communicate, read and differentiate relative to the pupil. Concerning MPA the results indicate the importance of teachers' ability to interact with the pupil in a communicative way through compassion, understanding and guidance. Furthermore the results emphasize teachers' ability to adjust the teaching according to individuals and the situation in relational practices., Sång är ett högst personligt instrument vilket emellanåt kan generera känslor av prestationsångest, även kallat MPA (music performance anxiety), och problematik gällande självtilltro hos sångelever. I denna kvalitativa studie undersöks elev-lärarrelationer samt lärares hantering av prestationsångest och självtilltro ur ett elevperspektiv genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Undersökningen genomsyras av ett relationellt perspektiv med fokus på lärares relationskompetens. Resultatet visar att elever upplever majoriteten elev- lärarrelationer goda och trygga. En trygg relation präglas av tillit och öppenhet vilket skapas utifrån lärarens förmåga att lyssna, förstå, skapa en tillåtande atmosfär, anknyta till samt bemöta eleven på ett trevligt och respektfullt vis. Samtliga erhållna resultat präglas av lärarens förmåga att kommunicera, läsa av samt förhålla sig till eleven med en adekvat nivå av närhet och distans. Gällande hantering av prestationsångest visar resultatet vikten av lärares förmåga att bemöta eleven både kommunikativt och inkännande, visa förståelse samt vägleda. Vidare understryker resultatet vikten av lärares förmåga att anpassa undervisningen efter individ och undervisningssituation i relationell praktik.

The singing voice is a highly personal instrument which occasionally may harvest feelings of MPA (music performance anxiety) and low self-efficacy among singing pupils. This qualitative study investigates pupil-teacher relationships and teachers' handling of MPA and self-efficacy from a pupil’s perspective implemented through semi-structured interviews. The study is permeated by a relational perspective focused on relational competence. Results obtained show that pupils describe the majority of pupil-teacher relationships as good and secure. A dauntless relationship is incused by trust and openness which is obtained through the teachers' ability to listen, show compassion, establish a forgiving atmosphere, attach to and treat the pupil with kindness and respect. The results show the importance of the teachers ability to communicate, read and differentiate relative to the pupil. Concerning MPA the results indicate the importance of teachers' ability to interact with the pupil in a communicative way through compassion, understanding and guidance. Furthermore the results emphasize teachers' ability to adjust the teaching according to individuals and the situation in relational practices., Sång är ett högst personligt instrument vilket emellanåt kan generera känslor av prestationsångest, även kallat MPA (music performance anxiety), och problematik gällande självtilltro hos sångelever. I denna kvalitativa studie undersöks elev-lärarrelationer samt lärares hantering av prestationsångest och självtilltro ur ett elevperspektiv genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Undersökningen genomsyras av ett relationellt perspektiv med fokus på lärares relationskompetens. Resultatet visar att elever upplever majoriteten elev- lärarrelationer goda och trygga. En trygg relation präglas av tillit och öppenhet vilket skapas utifrån lärarens förmåga att lyssna, förstå, skapa en tillåtande atmosfär, anknyta till samt bemöta eleven på ett trevligt och respektfullt vis. Samtliga erhållna resultat präglas av lärarens förmåga att kommunicera, läsa av samt förhålla sig till eleven med en adekvat nivå av närhet och distans. Gällande hantering av prestationsångest visar resultatet vikten av lärares förmåga att bemöta eleven både kommunikativt och inkännande, visa förståelse samt vägleda. Vidare understryker resultatet vikten av lärares förmåga att anpassa undervisningen efter individ och undervisningssituation i relationell praktik.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are expected to be applied to a broad range of abiotic and biotic factors, and therefore ecosystem conditions, to deescalate over-exploitative practices that are threatening global levels of marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Yet controversy and discourse remain on how this tool can match local access to benefits gained from ecosystem services with the global need to conserve marine areas to a much stronger degree. The first chapter of this thesis assesses this in depth in the form of a literature review, finding that whilst globally MPA coverage has increased, the number of unsustainably managed fishery stocks has also. Stakeholders linked with fisheries also remain hesitant to implement stronger protection of areas, due to the loss of fishing grounds. A second chapter then examines the implementation of MPAs and ‘buffer zones’ in an experimental setting, whereby a standardized ‘unsustainable’ level of harvesting effort was redistributed across a ‘landscape’. The biomass of protist populations was tracked over time and subsequently analysed in generalised linear models. Different MPA strategies correlated with changes in biomass levels and body-size distributions of populations. Implementing fully and strongly protected MPAs was associated with the greater recovery of landscape-level biomass and biomass which could be termed ‘fishable’, under a greater unsustainable total harvesting effort. There were largely non-significant differences between strategies when a lower total harvesting effort was present. Whilst this study was conducted in an experimental environment where many variables could be controlled, similarities could be seen between these populations and real-world fishery systems. These results showcase how fishery yields can be maintained despite a restriction of access and thus the wider adoption of marine protection measures to reduce the changes of future ecosystem losses.

As offshore wind energy expands in Europe, maritime planners increasingly need to consider the potential effects of these activities on the different types of marine protected areas (MPAs), including Natura 2000 sites. The aim of this article is to critically review the initial development of offshore wind energy inside and/or in the vicinity of Mediterranean Natura 2000 sites and other types of MPAs. The western Mediterranean Sea is taken as an example as this is where most of the offshore wind developments have been proposed. In order to open up discussion of offshore wind energy policy and guide ecological research that supports holistic decisions regarding offshore wind farm (OWF) installation in the region, we (i) outline the context of Natura 2000 and other MPA policy in the Mediterranean for OWF development, (ii) summarize the potential impacts of OWF on EU-protected habitats and species, (iii) assess the interactions of OWFs, the Natura 2000 sites, and other MPAs, and (iv) propose recommendations to approach OWF development in the Mediterranean in order to safeguard the Natura 2000 sites and other MPAs. After documenting the potential overlaps between OWFs and MPAs in the western Mediterranean, we recommend OWFs be placed outside Natura 2000 and other MPA sites, including their buffer zones. We also advocate for rigorous and independent Appropriate Assessments to be carried out for OWF proposals that could affect protected areas

Receiver detection algorithm has always been a research hotspot in communication system and the key point to determine the performance of 5G system. Both industry and academia have been committed to finding detection algorithms with lower complexity and higher detection performance. This paper will study how to solve the problems of low detection performance and high complexity of classical algorithms. Taking Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) as an example, this paper improves the existing receiver detection algorithms such as Minimum Mean Square Error-Serial Interference Cancellation (MMSE-SIC), Message Passing Algorithm (MPA) and Expectation Propagation Algorithm (EPA), and puts forward corresponding improved algorithms with specific formulas, i.e. Enhanced-MMSE-SIC, Turbo-like MPA (MPA-Turbo) and Turbo-like EPA with hybrid parallel interference cancellation (EPATurbo-PIC). Link-level simulation results and analysis show that the proposed improved algorithms have performance advantages over the corresponding traditional algorithms.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The field of public administration and policy faces ongoing calls to maintain its relevancy to public sector practice. A variety of innovations have thrived in the recent years, striving to fill the gap between theory and practice. Faculty-practitioner exchange is one such attempt. This study examines the micro dynamics of such exchange in Master of Public Administration (MPA) programs in China where the gap was seen to be particularly wide. Using qualitative methods, this study interviewed 13 faculty instructors in Chinese MPA programs with experience of government engagement. We found that the instructors were predominantly driven by a keen awareness of their weakness in real-world exposure. The government engagement experience boosted their self-efficacy when teaching in-service students, and the empathy developed between instructors and students augmented educational outcomes. The engagement service invigorated pedagogical innovations towards enhanced case teaching conducive to the co-production of practical knowledge with practitioners. The engagement service strengthened the faculty instructors’ awareness of the theory-practice gap and their appreciation of students’ needs. They became more cognizant of the usefulness of various theories and more capable of relating theory to practice. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Mobile marine protected areas have been proposed for the conservation of highly seasonal or mobile marine megafauna. However, seasonal data on the distribution of marine wildlife to inform protected areas are generally scarce worldwide, especially for cetaceans, which makes dynamic solutions difficult to implement. Furthermore, conservation objectives are often set at the level of individual species rather than at the community level, despite many species having similar or overlapping habitat requirements, and a comparison of the effectiveness of mobile vs. static Marine Protected Areas options has rarely been done. Systematic conservation planning was used to identify priority areas of cetacean biodiversity in the north-east Atlantic accounting for seasonal changes in distribution. Consistent hotspots across seasons at a community level, in particular along the shelf edge, suggest that fixed priority areas for cetacean biodiversity may be appropriate. The area required for protection to meet conservation targets (i.e. 20% of a population occurring within a protected area) is minimized when considering populations at basin scale rather than national level. Highly mobile megafauna normally exploit persistent and predictable oceanographic features, so a habitat suitability rather than a jurisdiction-based approach is more appropriate

CRUE-CSIC (Acuerdos Transformativos 2022), Deep-sea North Atlantic sponge grounds are crucial components of the marine fauna providing a key role in ecosystem functioning. To properly develop effective conservation and management plans, it is crucial to understand the genetic diversity, molecular connectivity patterns and turnover at the population level of the species involved. Here we present the study of two congeneric sponges, Phakellia robusta and Phakellia hirondellei, using multiple sources of evidence. Our phylogenetic study using a fragment of COI placed these two species as sister. Haplotype network analysis using COI revealed no genetic structure for P. hirondellei in samples from the Cantabrian Sea (<100 km). Contrastingly, P. robusta showed a clear genetic structure separating deep-water samples from the Cantabrian Sea and the Hatton-Rockall Basin, from samples from shallower waters from Kerry Head Reefs, NW of Orkney, and Norway. ddRADseq-derived SNPs for P. robusta also segregated samples by bathymetry rather than by geographical distances, and detected a predominant northwards migration for shallow-water specimens connecting sites separated ca. 2,000 km, probably thanks to prevalent oceanographic currents. Importantly, our analysis using SNPs combining the datasets of the two species revealed the presence of potential hybrids, which was corroborated by morphological (spicule) and microbial (16S amplicon sequencing) analyses. Our data suggest that hybridization between these two species occurred at least two times in the past. We discuss the importance of using next-generation techniques to unveil hybridization and the implications of our results for conservation., Unión Europea. Horizonte 2020, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN) / Agencia Española de Investigación (AEI), Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica (FONDECYT - Peru), Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

CRUE-CSIC (Acuerdos Transformativos 2022), Deep-sea North Atlantic sponge grounds are crucial components of the marine fauna providing a key role in ecosystem functioning. To properly develop effective conservation and management plans, it is crucial to understand the genetic diversity, molecular connectivity patterns and turnover at the population level of the species involved. Here we present the study of two congeneric sponges, Phakellia robusta and Phakellia hirondellei, using multiple sources of evidence. Our phylogenetic study using a fragment of COI placed these two species as sister. Haplotype network analysis using COI revealed no genetic structure for P. hirondellei in samples from the Cantabrian Sea (<100 km). Contrastingly, P. robusta showed a clear genetic structure separating deep-water samples from the Cantabrian Sea and the Hatton-Rockall Basin, from samples from shallower waters from Kerry Head Reefs, NW of Orkney, and Norway. ddRADseq-derived SNPs for P. robusta also segregated samples by bathymetry rather than by geographical distances, and detected a predominant northwards migration for shallow-water specimens connecting sites separated ca. 2,000 km, probably thanks to prevalent oceanographic currents. Importantly, our analysis using SNPs combining the datasets of the two species revealed the presence of potential hybrids, which was corroborated by morphological (spicule) and microbial (16S amplicon sequencing) analyses. Our data suggest that hybridization between these two species occurred at least two times in the past. We discuss the importance of using next-generation techniques to unveil hybridization and the implications of our results for conservation., Unión Europea. Horizonte 2020, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN) / Agencia Española de Investigación (AEI), Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica (FONDECYT - Peru), Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Gast dieser Podcast Episode ist George Wang, ehemaliger Masterstudent von Alfred Angerer und Leiter Shared Services und New Business sowie Mitglied der Geschäftsleitung von Acamed Ärztezentren. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Ambulante Ärztliche Institution, welche als Praxisnetz mehrere interdisziplinäre Gruppenpraxen im Kanton Zürich betreibt. In diesem Praxisnetz ist George unter anderem verantwortlich für die Prozessoptimierung und das Lean Management. Im Zusammenhang damit ist er Alfred vor allem aufgrund seiner ausgezeichneten MAS Arbeit zum Thema «Chancen und Gefahren des elektronischen Patientendossiers (EPD) für den externen Kommunikationsprozess einer Hausarztpraxis» geblieben, über deren Inhalte er nun berichtet. Weniger interessant für ihn war dabei die medizinische Qualitätssteigerung der Harztarztpraxen von Acamed als vielmehr die Kommunikationsverbesserung mit Blick auf Prozesse und Lean.

Deep-sea North Atlantic sponge grounds are crucial components of the marine fauna providing a key role in ecosystem functioning. To properly develop effective conservation and management plans, it is crucial to understand the genetic diversity, molecular connectivity patterns and turnover at the population level of the species involved. Here we present the study of two congeneric sponges, Phakellia robusta and Phakellia hirondellei, using multiple sources of evidence. Our phylogenetic study using a fragment of COI placed these two species as sister. Haplotype network analysis using COI revealed no genetic structure for P. hirondellei in samples from the Cantabrian Sea (<100 km). Contrastingly, P. robusta showed a clear genetic structure separating deep-water samples from the Cantabrian Sea and the Hatton-Rockall Basin, from samples from shallower waters from Kerry Head Reefs, NW of Orkney, and Norway. ddRADseq-derived SNPs for P. robusta also segregated samples by bathymetry rather than by geographical distances, and detected a predominant northwards migration for shallow-water specimens connecting sites separated ca. 2,000 km, probably thanks to prevalent oceanographic currents. Importantly, our analysis using SNPs combining the datasets of the two species revealed the presence of potential hybrids, which was corroborated by morphological (spicule) and microbial (16S amplicon sequencing) analyses. Our data suggest that hybridization between these two species occurred at least two times in the past. We discuss the importance of using next-generation techniques to unveil hybridization and the implications of our results for conservation.

Deep-sea North Atlantic sponge grounds are crucial components of the marine fauna providing a key role in ecosystem functioning. To properly develop effective conservation and management plans, it is crucial to understand the genetic diversity, molecular connectivity patterns and turnover at the population level of the species involved. Here we present the study of two congeneric sponges, Phakellia robusta and Phakellia hirondellei, using multiple sources of evidence. Our phylogenetic study using a fragment of COI placed these two species as sister. Haplotype network analysis using COI revealed no genetic structure for P. hirondellei in samples from the Cantabrian Sea (<100 km). Contrastingly, P. robusta showed a clear genetic structure separating deep-water samples from the Cantabrian Sea and the Hatton-Rockall Basin, from samples from shallower waters from Kerry Head Reefs, NW of Orkney, and Norway. ddRADseq-derived SNPs for P. robusta also segregated samples by bathymetry rather than by geographical distances, and detected a predominant northwards migration for shallow-water specimens connecting sites separated ca. 2,000 km, probably thanks to prevalent oceanographic currents. Importantly, our analysis using SNPs combining the datasets of the two species revealed the presence of potential hybrids, which was corroborated by morphological (spicule) and microbial (16S amplicon sequencing) analyses. Our data suggest that hybridization between these two species occurred at least two times in the past. We discuss the importance of using next-generation techniques to unveil hybridization and the implications of our results for conservation.

Deep-sea North Atlantic sponge grounds are crucial components of the marine fauna providing a key role in ecosystem functioning. To properly develop effective conservation and management plans, it is crucial to understand the genetic diversity, molecular connectivity patterns and turnover at the population level of the species involved. Here we present the study of two congeneric sponges, Phakellia robusta and Phakellia hirondellei, using multiple sources of evidence. Our phylogenetic study using a fragment of COI placed these two species as sister. Haplotype network analysis using COI revealed no genetic structure for P. hirondellei in samples from the Cantabrian Sea (<100 km). Contrastingly, P. robusta showed a clear genetic structure separating deep-water samples from the Cantabrian Sea and the Hatton-Rockall Basin, from samples from shallower waters from Kerry Head Reefs, NW of Orkney, and Norway. ddRADseq-derived SNPs for P. robusta also segregated samples by bathymetry rather than by geographical distances, and detected a predominant northwards migration for shallow-water specimens connecting sites separated ca. 2,000 km, probably thanks to prevalent oceanographic currents. Importantly, our analysis using SNPs combining the datasets of the two species revealed the presence of potential hybrids, which was corroborated by morphological (spicule) and microbial (16S amplicon sequencing) analyses. Our data suggest that hybridization between these two species occurred at least two times in the past. We discuss the importance of using next-generation techniques to unveil hybridization and the implications of our results for conservation.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are critically involved in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) pathogenesis, and some patients with MPA possess anti-NET antibody (ANETA). Anti-myosin light chain 6 (MYL6) antibody is an ANETA that affects NETs. This study aimed to determine the significance of anti-MYL6 antibody in MPA. Methods: The influence of anti-MYL6 antibody on NET formation and actin rearrangement necessary for NET formation was assessed by fluorescent staining. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established to detect serum anti-MYL6 antibody, and the prevalence of this antibody in MPA was determined. Furthermore, the disease activity and response to remission-induction therapy of MPA were compared between anti-MYL6 antibody-positive and anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients. Results: Anti-MYL6 antibody disrupted G-actin polymerization into F-actin, suppressing phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced NET formation. Serum anti-MYL6 antibody was detected in 7 of 59 patients with MPA. The Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) of anti-MYL6 antibody-positive MPA patients was significantly lower than anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients. Among the nine BVAS evaluation items, the cutaneous, cardiovascular, and nervous system scores of anti-MYL6 antibody-positive MPA patients were significantly lower than anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients, although other items, including the renal and chest scores, were equivalent between the two groups. The proportion of patients with remission 6 months after initiation of remission-induction therapy in anti-MYL6 antibody-positive MPA patients was significantly higher than in anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients. Conclusions: Collective findings suggested that anti-MYL6 antibody disrupted actin rearrangement necessary for NET formation and could reduce the disease activity of MPA.

Deep-sea North Atlantic sponge grounds are crucial components of the marine fauna providing a key role in ecosystem functioning. To properly develop effective conservation and management plans, it is crucial to understand the genetic diversity, molecular connectivity patterns and turnover at the population level of the species involved. Here we present the study of two congeneric sponges, Phakellia robusta and Phakellia hirondellei, using multiple sources of evidence. Our phylogenetic study using a fragment of COI placed these two species as sister. Haplotype network analysis using COI revealed no genetic structure for P. hirondellei in samples from the Cantabrian Sea (<100 km). Contrastingly, P. robusta showed a clear genetic structure separating deep-water samples from the Cantabrian Sea and the Hatton-Rockall Basin, from samples from shallower waters from Kerry Head Reefs, NW of Orkney, and Norway. ddRADseq-derived SNPs for P. robusta also segregated samples by bathymetry rather than by geographical distances, and detected a predominant northwards migration for shallow-water specimens connecting sites separated ca. 2,000 km, probably thanks to prevalent oceanographic currents. Importantly, our analysis using SNPs combining the datasets of the two species revealed the presence of potential hybrids, which was corroborated by morphological (spicule) and microbial (16S amplicon sequencing) analyses. Our data suggest that hybridization between these two species occurred at least two times in the past. We discuss the importance of using next-generation techniques to unveil hybridization and the implications of our results for conservation.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are critically involved in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) pathogenesis, and some patients with MPA possess anti-NET antibody (ANETA). Anti-myosin light chain 6 (MYL6) antibody is an ANETA that affects NETs. This study aimed to determine the significance of anti-MYL6 antibody in MPA. Methods: The influence of anti-MYL6 antibody on NET formation and actin rearrangement necessary for NET formation was assessed by fluorescent staining. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established to detect serum anti-MYL6 antibody, and the prevalence of this antibody in MPA was determined. Furthermore, the disease activity and response to remission-induction therapy of MPA were compared between anti-MYL6 antibody-positive and anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients. Results: Anti-MYL6 antibody disrupted G-actin polymerization into F-actin, suppressing phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced NET formation. Serum anti-MYL6 antibody was detected in 7 of 59 patients with MPA. The Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) of anti-MYL6 antibody-positive MPA patients was significantly lower than anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients. Among the nine BVAS evaluation items, the cutaneous, cardiovascular, and nervous system scores of anti-MYL6 antibody-positive MPA patients were significantly lower than anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients, although other items, including the renal and chest scores, were equivalent between the two groups. The proportion of patients with remission 6 months after initiation of remission-induction therapy in anti-MYL6 antibody-positive MPA patients was significantly higher than in anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients. Conclusions: Collective findings suggested that anti-MYL6 antibody disrupted actin rearrangement necessary for NET formation and could reduce the disease activity of MPA.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are critically involved in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) pathogenesis, and some patients with MPA possess anti-NET antibody (ANETA). Anti-myosin light chain 6 (MYL6) antibody is an ANETA that affects NETs. This study aimed to determine the significance of anti-MYL6 antibody in MPA. Methods: The influence of anti-MYL6 antibody on NET formation and actin rearrangement necessary for NET formation was assessed by fluorescent staining. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established to detect serum anti-MYL6 antibody, and the prevalence of this antibody in MPA was determined. Furthermore, the disease activity and response to remission-induction therapy of MPA were compared between anti-MYL6 antibody-positive and anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients. Results: Anti-MYL6 antibody disrupted G-actin polymerization into F-actin, suppressing phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced NET formation. Serum anti-MYL6 antibody was detected in 7 of 59 patients with MPA. The Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) of anti-MYL6 antibody-positive MPA patients was significantly lower than anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients. Among the nine BVAS evaluation items, the cutaneous, cardiovascular, and nervous system scores of anti-MYL6 antibody-positive MPA patients were significantly lower than anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients, although other items, including the renal and chest scores, were equivalent between the two groups. The proportion of patients with remission 6 months after initiation of remission-induction therapy in anti-MYL6 antibody-positive MPA patients was significantly higher than in anti-MYL6 antibody-negative MPA patients. Conclusions: Collective findings suggested that anti-MYL6 antibody disrupted actin rearrangement necessary for NET formation and could reduce the disease activity of MPA.

A set of lander deployments in a deep marine protected area (MPA; El Cachucho) combining environmental sensors and a baited camera provided insight on the relationship between faunal behavior and oceanographic dynamics. Landers were deployed at different depths, ranging from 500 to 960 m for a period of 24–26 h. A total of 10,989 photographs were downloaded and synchronized using a time code with all the environmental variables recorded (pressure, temperature, salinity, water current, and direction). Total richness accounted for 41 species of different taxonomic groups (21 fishes, 11 crustaceans, 6 echinoderms, and 3 molluscs). The most abundant species were Synaphobranchus kaupii, Mora moro, Phycis blennoides, Helicolenus dactylopterus, and Etmopterus spinax. Arrival times (Tarr) and maximum number of individuals (Nmax) greatly differed among stations. Cluster analysis showed two main faunal groups in relation to depth: those close to the top of the bank and those in the flanks. Species densities were estimated using Priede's equations and compared with those obtained in previous studies using trawl samplers. The relation of species with environmental variables showed high variability depending on the location of the station and the associated variables (depth, current, and water masses). Near-bottom dynamics were consistent with previously known oceanographic patterns at the bank, dominated by background anticyclonic recirculation along the flanks overlaid by strong tidal cycles. Current and hydrography tidally driven phases showed an evident effect in the arrival of species at some locations. Species appeared during specific periods matching the beginning of the flooding phase or end of the ebb phase. Movement rates (cm s−1) were estimated for some invertebrate species, such as crabs (Bathynectes maravigna, 0.66; Pagurus sp., 0.09), the gasteropod Colus gracilis (0.15), and echinoderms (Cidaris cidaris, 0.04; Araeosoma fenestratum, 0.23).

Multiple initiatives have called for large-scale representative networks of marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs should be ecologically representative to be effective, but in large, remote regions this can be difficult to quantify and assess. We present a novel bioregionalization for the Southern Ocean, which uses the modelled circumpolar habitat importance of 17 marine bird and mammal species. The habitat-use of these predators indicates biodiversity patterns that require representation in Southern Ocean conservation and management planning. In the predator habitat importance predictions, we identified 17 statistical clusters, falling into four larger groups. We characterized and contrasted these clusters based on their predator, prey and oceanographic characteristics. Under the existing Southern Ocean MPA network, some clusters fall short of 10 % representation, yet others meet or exceed these targets. Implementation of currently proposed MPAs can in some cases contribute to meeting even 30 % spatial coverage conservation targets. However, the effectiveness of mixed-use versus no-take MPAs should be taken into consideration, since some clusters are not adequately represented by no-take MPAs. These results, combined with previous studies in the Southern Ocean, can help inform the continued design, implementation, and evaluation of a representative system of MPAs for Southern Ocean conservation and management., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Investigating the foraging patterns of tropical seabirds can provide important information about their ocean habitat affinities as well as prey choice. Foraging studies of Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus populations in the Caribbean are lacking. We sought to rectify this by opportunistically sampling regurgitates at nest sites on the island of St. Eustatius, Lesser Antilles, and by linking the GPS tracks of foraging adults to remotely sensed environmental variables. Diet samples were dominated by Exocoetidae (59.5%) and Belonidae (14.9%), although we were unable to identify 25.5% of samples due to digestion. Tropicbirds nesting on St. Eustatius exhibited diurnal foraging patterns, foraged in deeper waters with higher chlorophyll concentration, and consumed fewer Exocoetidae species compared to travelling behaviour. The maximum distance travelled from the colony was 953.7 km, with an average trip length of 176.8 (± 249.8) km. The biologged birds crossed multiple exclusive economic zones and marine protected areas, and on that basis, we suggest that efforts to protect and conserve this species may require transboundary collaboration throughout the wider Caribbean.

This systematic review includes a search of the literature covering the period 2005-2021 to understand what preventative teaching approaches and interventions have been developed in higher education to reduce music performance anxiety (MPA). The focus here is on identifying interventions that are applicable to higher education teaching practice, in an attempt to support music educators to reduce the negative effects of MPA, and, by so doing, support better learning outcomes. A systematic review of the literature on MPA (2005-2021) was undertaken to explore the teaching strategies that are used to help students in higher education. The researchers performed independent assessments of the literature based on the inclusion criteria. Discrepancies between the two reviewers were resolved through discussion. Each of the articles that met the research conditions was classified using four treatment modalities: cognitive interventions, behavioural interventions, pharmacological treatment and complementary. The initial scoping resulted in a total of 116 research articles. This was reduced to 18 articles that fully met the inclusion criteria. There is a wealth of literature exploring MPA; however, very few teaching approaches or interventions have been found that can easily be embedded in music education. The findings indicate that interventions deriving from promising reactive treatment have been developed, but that these are rarely generalisable to typical teaching practice.

This systematic review includes a search of the literature covering the period 2005-2021 to understand what preventative teaching approaches and interventions have been developed in higher education to reduce music performance anxiety (MPA). The focus here is on identifying interventions that are applicable to higher education teaching practice, in an attempt to support music educators to reduce the negative effects of MPA, and, by so doing, support better learning outcomes. A systematic review of the literature on MPA (2005-2021) was undertaken to explore the teaching strategies that are used to help students in higher education. The researchers performed independent assessments of the literature based on the inclusion criteria. Discrepancies between the two reviewers were resolved through discussion. Each of the articles that met the research conditions was classified using four treatment modalities: cognitive interventions, behavioural interventions, pharmacological treatment and complementary. The initial scoping resulted in a total of 116 research articles. This was reduced to 18 articles that fully met the inclusion criteria. There is a wealth of literature exploring MPA; however, very few teaching approaches or interventions have been found that can easily be embedded in music education. The findings indicate that interventions deriving from promising reactive treatment have been developed, but that these are rarely generalisable to typical teaching practice.

Gast dieser Podcast Episode ist George Wang, ehemaliger Masterstudent von Alfred Angerer und Leiter Shared Services und New Business sowie Mitglied der Geschäftsleitung von Acamed Ärztezentren. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Ambulante Ärztliche Institution, welche als Praxisnetz mehrere interdisziplinäre Gruppenpraxen im Kanton Zürich betreibt. In diesem Praxisnetz ist George unter anderem verantwortlich für die Prozessoptimierung und das Lean Management. Im Zusammenhang damit ist er Alfred vor allem aufgrund seiner ausgezeichneten MAS Arbeit zum Thema «Chancen und Gefahren des elektronischen Patientendossiers (EPD) für den externen Kommunikationsprozess einer Hausarztpraxis» geblieben, über deren Inhalte er nun berichtet. Weniger interessant für ihn war dabei die medizinische Qualitätssteigerung der Harztarztpraxen von Acamed als vielmehr die Kommunikationsverbesserung mit Blick auf Prozesse und Lean.

The marine environment is a vital resource protecting our ecosystem and a critical part of the wellbeing of our planet. Marine Strategy Planning (MSP) is essential for conservation and protection of marine monitoring systems and governments should constantly improve their strategies and aim for increased effectiveness of these systems. This thesis focuses on marine conservation in Sweden and reviews how it could be improved using the concept of citizen science (CS). It presents CS as a promising monitoring method that has gained large momentum recently, and more specifically it describes it as a scientific research method used for monitoring where citizens contribute by collecting or reviewing data. The research investigates the effectiveness of CS by analyzing and comparing two different Swedish monitoring cases, one of which uses citizens in its methodology. Both projects survey bottom fauna and create habitat mapping for the seafloor, however, only one includes CS and the project is categorized as a traditional monitoring method. In addition, the thesis examines government reports and evaluates described suggestions in the field of marine monitoring and evaluates recommendations for potential changes in their execution. The results of the thesis indicate that CS is suitable for projects of a more simple nature where execution requires simple instructions and low marine monitoring skills. However, findings indicate that CS is not as applicable in more complex contexts and therefore it is concluded that as a method it does not complement all monitoring projects. On the contrary it indicates that CS could complicate the execution and create less reliable results in such contexts. Interestingly, findings indicate that CS drives positive complementary effects and for example it could increase awareness of marine environmental issues in areas where it is applied. Furthermore, CS could potentially contribute to innovation and streamline marine resource management in Swe

Deep-sea North Atlantic sponge grounds are crucial components of the marine fauna providing a key role in ecosystem functioning. To properly develop effective conservation and management plans, it is crucial to un- derstand the genetic diversity, molecular connectivity patterns and turnover at the population level of the species involved. Here we present the study of two congeneric sponges, Phakellia robusta and Phakellia hirondellei, using multiple sources of evidence. Our phylogenetic study using a fragment of COI placed these two species as sister. Haplotype network analysis using COI revealed no genetic structure for P. hirondellei in samples from the Cantabrian Sea (<100 km). Contrastingly, P. robusta showed a clear genetic structure separating deep-water samples from the Cantabrian Sea and the Hatton-Rockall Basin, from samples from shallower waters from Kerry Head Reefs, NW of Orkney, and Norway. ddRADseq-derived SNPs for P. robusta also segregated samples by bathymetry rather than by geographical distances, and detected a predominant northwards migration for shallow-water specimens connecting sites separated ca. 2,000 km, probably thanks to prevalent oceanographic currents. Importantly, our analysis using SNPs combining the datasets of the two species revealed the presence of potential hybrids, which was corroborated by morphological (spicule) and microbial (16S amplicon sequencing) analyses. Our data suggest that hybridization between these two species occurred at least two times in the past. We discuss the importance of using next-generation techniques to unveil hybridization and the implications of our results for conservation.

Deep-sea North Atlantic sponge grounds are crucial components of the marine fauna providing a key role in ecosystem functioning. To properly develop effective conservation and management plans, it is crucial to understand the genetic diversity, molecular connectivity patterns and turnover at the population level of the species involved. Here we present the study of two congeneric sponges, Phakellia robusta and Phakellia hirondellei, using multiple sources of evidence. Our phylogenetic study using a fragment of COI placed these two species as sister. Haplotype network analysis using COI revealed no genetic structure for P. hirondellei in samples from the Cantabrian Sea (<100 km). Contrastingly, P. robusta showed a clear genetic structure separating deep-water samples from the Cantabrian Sea and the Hatton-Rockall Basin, from samples from shallower waters from Kerry Head Reefs, NW of Orkney, and Norway. ddRADseq-derived SNPs for P. robusta also segregated samples by bathymetry rather than by geographical distances, and detected a predominant northwards migration for shallow-water specimens connecting sites separated ca. 2,000 km, probably thanks to prevalent oceanographic currents. Importantly, our analysis using SNPs combining the datasets of the two species revealed the presence of potential hybrids, which was corroborated by morphological (spicule) and microbial (16S amplicon sequencing) analyses. Our data suggest that hybridization between these two species occurred at least two times in the past. We discuss the importance of using next-generation techniques to unveil hybridization and the implications of our results for conservation.

Invasive species are one of many anthropogenic challenges to maintaining a healthy marine ecosystem. Two rabbitfish species (Siganus rivulatus and Siganus luridus) are among the more successful migrants from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean, where their intense foraging has caused damage to the algae community, thus reducing primary production and habitat complexity, and impacting nurseries for early life stages. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the impact of rabbitfish on algae is lower in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) although rabbitfish densities are similar in protected and fished areas. One explanation could be that fear of predators, more often present inside MPAs and an important component of a healthy marine ecosystem, reduces the ecological impacts of rabbitfish. This research aimed to test if such fear effects do occur in rabbitfish. Using controlled mesocosm experiments, we tested S. rivulatus reactions to two chemical predation cues: chemical alarm cues released from a recently killed conspecific fish, and water-borne cues from a tank with a live grouper predator, Epinephelus marginatus. We found that rabbitfish significantly reduce their overall food consumption as well as their bites per minute when exposed to the alarm cue, but not when exposed to the grouper water cue. These results support the idea that MPAs, which effectively increase the density of large piscivores and hence predation, can mitigate the impact of invasive herbivorous species. If the mesocosm results can scale up to natural systems, predation cues may be artificially introduced to other target areas in order to reduce rabbitfish grazing outside reserves. Thus, this study provides information that can be used to manage the ecological impacts caused by invasive rabbitfish, both inside and outside of marine reserves.

Invasive species are one of many anthropogenic challenges to maintaining a healthy marine ecosystem. Two rabbitfish species (Siganus rivulatus and Siganus luridus) are among the more successful migrants from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean, where their intense foraging has caused damage to the algae community, thus reducing primary production and habitat complexity, and impacting nurseries for early life stages. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the impact of rabbitfish on algae is lower in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) although rabbitfish densities are similar in protected and fished areas. One explanation could be that fear of predators, more often present inside MPAs and an important component of a healthy marine ecosystem, reduces the ecological impacts of rabbitfish. This research aimed to test if such fear effects do occur in rabbitfish. Using controlled mesocosm experiments, we tested S. rivulatus reactions to two chemical predation cues: chemical alarm cues released from a recently killed conspecific fish, and water-borne cues from a tank with a live grouper predator, Epinephelus marginatus. We found that rabbitfish significantly reduce their overall food consumption as well as their bites per minute when exposed to the alarm cue, but not when exposed to the grouper water cue. These results support the idea that MPAs, which effectively increase the density of large piscivores and hence predation, can mitigate the impact of invasive herbivorous species. If the mesocosm results can scale up to natural systems, predation cues may be artificially introduced to other target areas in order to reduce rabbitfish grazing outside reserves. Thus, this study provides information that can be used to manage the ecological impacts caused by invasive rabbitfish, both inside and outside of marine reserves.

The article describes the co-spread of rabbits’ salmonellosis and colibacillosis in rabbit farms, which is one of the animal breeding branches, their clinical signs, pathogenesis, potency, treatment and prevention.

The article describes the co-spread of rabbits’ salmonellosis and colibacillosis in rabbit farms, which is one of the animal breeding branches, their clinical signs, pathogenesis, potency, treatment and prevention.

The article describes the co-spread of rabbits’ salmonellosis and colibacillosis in rabbit farms, which is one of the animal breeding branches, their clinical signs, pathogenesis, potency, treatment and prevention.

Invasive species are one of many anthropogenic challenges to maintaining a healthy marine ecosystem. Two rabbitfish species (Siganus rivulatus and Siganus luridus) are among the more successful migrants from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean, where their intense foraging has caused damage to the algae community, thus reducing primary production and habitat complexity, and impacting nurseries for early life stages. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the impact of rabbitfish on algae is lower in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) although rabbitfish densities are similar in protected and fished areas. One explanation could be that fear of predators, more often present inside MPAs and an important component of a healthy marine ecosystem, reduces the ecological impacts of rabbitfish. This research aimed to test if such fear effects do occur in rabbitfish. Using controlled mesocosm experiments, we tested S. rivulatus reactions to two chemical predation cues: chemical alarm cues released from a recently killed conspecific fish, and water-borne cues from a tank with a live grouper predator, Epinephelus marginatus. We found that rabbitfish significantly reduce their overall food consumption as well as their bites per minute when exposed to the alarm cue, but not when exposed to the grouper water cue. These results support the idea that MPAs, which effectively increase the density of large piscivores and hence predation, can mitigate the impact of invasive herbivorous species. If the mesocosm results can scale up to natural systems, predation cues may be artificially introduced to other target areas in order to reduce rabbitfish grazing outside reserves. Thus, this study provides information that can be used to manage the ecological impacts caused by invasive rabbitfish, both inside and outside of marine reserves.

Dette prosjektet utforsker hvordan bruken av ulike rutiner kan påvirke og dempe forekomsten av musikalsk prestasjonsangst (MPA). Målet er å finne en måte å håndtere prestasjonsangsten på, slik at den ikke påvirker spillegleden og uttrykket. Studien jeg har utført viser at bruken av enkle rutiner som god søvn, yoga og mosjon medførte at prestasjonsangsten sank drastisk. Dette har jeg dokumentert ved hjelp av pulsmålinger, tilpassede målinger og kartleggingsskjemaet Kenny Musical Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI). Tiltakene førte etter min opplevelse til forbedret spilleglede og uttrykk. Forhåpentligvis kan denne studien være til hjelp for musikere og musikkstudenter som opplever prestasjonsangst som en utfordring i arbeidet., This study explores how the usage of routines can affect and lower the occurrence of Musical Performance Anxiety (MPA). The main aim is to find a way to handle the performance anxiety, so that it doesn't affect the musical expression and the performer's way of playing. The study shows a correlation between the usage of simple routines such as; good sleep, yoga and light exercise, and descending levels of Musical Performance Anxiety (MPA). Documentation is done by heart rate measurement, customized measuring and Kenny Musical Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI). The usage of routines, in my opinion, led to improved musical expression in the performances. I hope this study may help other musicians and music students struggling with the challenge of performance anxiety.

Dette prosjektet utforsker hvordan bruken av ulike rutiner kan påvirke og dempe forekomsten av musikalsk prestasjonsangst (MPA). Målet er å finne en måte å håndtere prestasjonsangsten på, slik at den ikke påvirker spillegleden og uttrykket. Studien jeg har utført viser at bruken av enkle rutiner som god søvn, yoga og mosjon medførte at prestasjonsangsten sank drastisk. Dette har jeg dokumentert ved hjelp av pulsmålinger, tilpassede målinger og kartleggingsskjemaet Kenny Musical Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI). Tiltakene førte etter min opplevelse til forbedret spilleglede og uttrykk. Forhåpentligvis kan denne studien være til hjelp for musikere og musikkstudenter som opplever prestasjonsangst som en utfordring i arbeidet., This study explores how the usage of routines can affect and lower the occurrence of Musical Performance Anxiety (MPA). The main aim is to find a way to handle the performance anxiety, so that it doesn't affect the musical expression and the performer's way of playing. The study shows a correlation between the usage of simple routines such as; good sleep, yoga and light exercise, and descending levels of Musical Performance Anxiety (MPA). Documentation is done by heart rate measurement, customized measuring and Kenny Musical Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI). The usage of routines, in my opinion, led to improved musical expression in the performances. I hope this study may help other musicians and music students struggling with the challenge of performance anxiety.