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Though scholars have thoroughly explored the translation methods of passive voice, few studied the translation of passive sentences in UN legal documents. This research aims to identify the most frequently applied method of translating passive voice in UN legal documents. To this end, I adopt the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol as a case study. I employ quantitative analysis to analyze the frequency that the translation methods are used in the translation of the two legal documents. I apply qualitative analysis to analyze how and why these methods are employed. The result testifies to the correctness of the hypothesis, namely, the passive voice in UN legal documents is most often translated into passive voice in Chinese. After a thorough analysis of the parallel texts, I go on to suggest that translators need to choose translation methods based on the specific context. I hope this research will provide inspiration for the translation of international legal texts.

The application of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is gaining increasing popu-larity in impact-resistant devices, automotives, biomedical devices and aircraft structures due to their high strength-to-weight ratios and their potential for impact energy absorption. Impact-induced high loading rates can result in significant changes of mechanical properties (e.g., elastic modulus and strength) before strain softening occurs and failure characteristics inside the strain localization zone (e.g., failure mechanisms and fracture energy) for fiber-reinforced polymer composites. In general, these phenomena are called the strain rate effects. The underlying mechanisms of the observed rate-dependent deformation and failure of composites take place among multiple length and time scales. The contributing mechanisms can be roughly classified as: the viscosity of composite constituents (polymer, fiber and interfaces), the rate-dependency of the fracture mechanisms, the inertia effects, the thermomechanical dissipation and the characteristic fracture time. Numerical models, including the viscosity type of constitutive models, rate-dependent cohesive zone models, enriched equation of motion and thermomechanical numerical models, are useful for a better understanding of these contributing factors of strain rate effects of FRP composites., Applied Mechanics

The application of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is gaining increasing popu-larity in impact-resistant devices, automotives, biomedical devices and aircraft structures due to their high strength-to-weight ratios and their potential for impact energy absorption. Impact-induced high loading rates can result in significant changes of mechanical properties (e.g., elastic modulus and strength) before strain softening occurs and failure characteristics inside the strain localization zone (e.g., failure mechanisms and fracture energy) for fiber-reinforced polymer composites. In general, these phenomena are called the strain rate effects. The underlying mechanisms of the observed rate-dependent deformation and failure of composites take place among multiple length and time scales. The contributing mechanisms can be roughly classified as: the viscosity of composite constituents (polymer, fiber and interfaces), the rate-dependency of the fracture mechanisms, the inertia effects, the thermomechanical dissipation and the characteristic fracture time. Numerical models, including the viscosity type of constitutive models, rate-dependent cohesive zone models, enriched equation of motion and thermomechanical numerical models, are useful for a better understanding of these contributing factors of strain rate effects of FRP composites., Applied Mechanics

This study looked into the self-esteem, self-regulation, educational aspirations and priority concerns of the 226 SGP-PA grantees at West Visayas State University. Results revealed that the respondents had low self-esteem; mostly average self-regulation except those from the provinces of Antique and Guimaras who had poor self-regulation. Generally, they had moderate educational aspirations but high for those with average family size. Their topmost priority concern was their studies and the least was specific social issues. As to their studies, their topmost concern was: understanding their lessons and the least was working with classmates on projects. As regards self-development, planning their lives was topmost while knowing and understanding themselves was the least. As to family relationships, the topmost concern was improving their relationship with their siblings and least was teaching their parents how to handle their children effectively. In the area of social relationships, the topmost was developing their skills for starting/ maintaining friendships and the least was getting rid of their fear of social situations. On specific social issues, their topmost concern was handling adjustments caused by financial crises, and the least was learning more about sexual abuse/harassment. Finally, significant differences existed only in the level of educational aspirations according to grantees' family size; none were observed in the level of self-esteem and self- regulation. As gleaned from these results, appropriate intervention program on self-development may be designed for the grantees of the program.

This study looked into the self-esteem, self-regulation, educational aspirations and priority concerns of the 226 SGP-PA grantees at West Visayas State University. Results revealed that the respondents had low self-esteem; mostly average self-regulation except those from the provinces of Antique and Guimaras who had poor self-regulation. Generally, they had moderate educational aspirations but high for those with average family size. Their topmost priority concern was their studies and the least was specific social issues. As to their studies, their topmost concern was: understanding their lessons and the least was working with classmates on projects. As regards self-development, planning their lives was topmost while knowing and understanding themselves was the least. As to family relationships, the topmost concern was improving their relationship with their siblings and least was teaching their parents how to handle their children effectively. In the area of social relationships, the topmost was developing their skills for starting/ maintaining friendships and the least was getting rid of their fear of social situations. On specific social issues, their topmost concern was handling adjustments caused by financial crises, and the least was learning more about sexual abuse/harassment. Finally, significant differences existed only in the level of educational aspirations according to grantees' family size; none were observed in the level of self-esteem and self- regulation. As gleaned from these results, appropriate intervention program on self-development may be designed for the grantees of the program.

Plastic net is commonly used as shading material for anthurium because it is readily available in the market though it is synthetic, expensive, and non-biodegradable. Geo-textile net on the other hand, is a recycled waste product from coconut, used for erosion control and bio-engineering needs known for high strength, and bio-degradable and ornamental plant growers are interested to use this as natural shade for anthurium. In this paper we determine the effect of Coconut fiber geo-textile net as shading material for anthurium, by looking into its economic viability and anthurium life span vis-à-vis the effect of plastic net in the same environment. Baguio Red anthuriums were planted in plastic bags using chopped coconut husk as soil medium. Randomized Complete Block Design was used; it was replicated three times with 10 plants per treatment. Results show that the number of suckers, leaves and flowers produced, width of the flowers and the temperature received by the plants, are comparable when both materials were used, this inform us that geo textile can replace plastic net. However, the geo-textile net has lower return of investment (ROI) than plastic net. In terms of life span of the materials, the plastic net has longer life duration than the geo-textile net. This result may suggest to the horticulturist to use geo-textile net for the shade it offers is comparable to plastic net.

Plastic net is commonly used as shading material for anthurium because it is readily available in the market though it is synthetic, expensive, and non-biodegradable. Geo-textile net on the other hand, is a recycled waste product from coconut, used for erosion control and bio-engineering needs known for high strength, and bio-degradable and ornamental plant growers are interested to use this as natural shade for anthurium. In this paper we determine the effect of Coconut fiber geo-textile net as shading material for anthurium, by looking into its economic viability and anthurium life span vis-à-vis the effect of plastic net in the same environment. Baguio Red anthuriums were planted in plastic bags using chopped coconut husk as soil medium. Randomized Complete Block Design was used; it was replicated three times with 10 plants per treatment. Results show that the number of suckers, leaves and flowers produced, width of the flowers and the temperature received by the plants, are comparable when both materials were used, this inform us that geo textile can replace plastic net. However, the geo-textile net has lower return of investment (ROI) than plastic net. In terms of life span of the materials, the plastic net has longer life duration than the geo-textile net. This result may suggest to the horticulturist to use geo-textile net for the shade it offers is comparable to plastic net.

Li Deng,1,* Yingying Zhang,1,* Lulu Ma,1,5,* Xiaolong Jing,1,3 Xingfa Ke,1,3 Jianhao Lian,1,3 Qiang Zhao,1,3 Bo Yan,1,3 Jinfeng Zhang,4 Jianzhong Yao,2 Jianming Chen1 1Department of Pharmaceutical Science, 2Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 4Shanghai TCM Integrated Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this paper Background: Targeted liposome-polycation-DNA complex (LPD), mainly conjugated with antibodies using functionalized PEG derivatives, is an effective nanovector for systemic delivery of small interference RNA (siRNA). However, there are few studies reporting the effect of different conjugation linkers on LPD for gene silencing. To clarify the influence of antibody conjugation linkers on LPD, we prepared two different immunoliposomes to deliver siRNA in which DSPE-PEG-COOH and DSPE-PEG-MAL, the commonly used PEG derivative linkers, were used to conjugate anti-EGFR Fab’ with the liposome. Methods: First, 600 µg of anti-EGFR Fab’ was conjugated with 28.35 µL of a micelle solution containing DSPE-PEG-MAL or DSPE-PEG-COOH, and then post inserted into the prepared LPD. Various liposome parameters, including particle size, zeta potential, stability, and encapsulation efficiency were evaluated, and the targeting ability and gene silencing activity of TLPD-FPC (DSPE-PEG-COOH conjugated with Fab’) was compared with that of TLPD-FPM (DSPE-PEG-MAL conjugated with Fab’) in SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Results: There was no significant difference in particle size between the two TLPDs, but the zeta po

This descriptive study looked at the profile, the personal attributes and protective factors of resilient at-risk youth in the academe as well as identified other factors instrumental in making them resilient. Data were taken from 86 students of the West Visayas State University system. Results showed that the respondents were young (16-21 years old), female, in good health, and eldest or middle child. They had legitimate birth status, come from intact family structure with nuclear household composition, and the majorities were extremely poor and orphans. As to their personal attributes, spiritual connectedness rank first, followed by cognitive competence, autonomy, and social competence. On the contrary, their protective factors come primarily from the school, then the home and community providing almost equal protection and support. Further, another significant factor that makes the participants resilient is the presence of care and support from a significant adult, caregiver or teacher, or .having at least one strong personal relationship with a role model.

This descriptive study looked at the profile, the personal attributes and protective factors of resilient at-risk youth in the academe as well as identified other factors instrumental in making them resilient. Data were taken from 86 students of the West Visayas State University system. Results showed that the respondents were young (16-21 years old), female, in good health, and eldest or middle child. They had legitimate birth status, come from intact family structure with nuclear household composition, and the majorities were extremely poor and orphans. As to their personal attributes, spiritual connectedness rank first, followed by cognitive competence, autonomy, and social competence. On the contrary, their protective factors come primarily from the school, then the home and community providing almost equal protection and support. Further, another significant factor that makes the participants resilient is the presence of care and support from a significant adult, caregiver or teacher, or .having at least one strong personal relationship with a role model.

Li Deng,1,* Yingying Zhang,1,* Lulu Ma,1,5,* Xiaolong Jing,1,3 Xingfa Ke,1,3 Jianhao Lian,1,3 Qiang Zhao,1,3 Bo Yan,1,3 Jinfeng Zhang,4 Jianzhong Yao,2 Jianming Chen1 1Department of Pharmaceutical Science, 2Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 4Shanghai TCM Integrated Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this paper Background: Targeted liposome-polycation-DNA complex (LPD), mainly conjugated with antibodies using functionalized PEG derivatives, is an effective nanovector for systemic delivery of small interference RNA (siRNA). However, there are few studies reporting the effect of different conjugation linkers on LPD for gene silencing. To clarify the influence of antibody conjugation linkers on LPD, we prepared two different immunoliposomes to deliver siRNA in which DSPE-PEG-COOH and DSPE-PEG-MAL, the commonly used PEG derivative linkers, were used to conjugate anti-EGFR Fab’ with the liposome. Methods: First, 600 µg of anti-EGFR Fab’ was conjugated with 28.35 µL of a micelle solution containing DSPE-PEG-MAL or DSPE-PEG-COOH, and then post inserted into the prepared LPD. Various liposome parameters, including particle size, zeta potential, stability, and encapsulation efficiency were evaluated, and the targeting ability and gene silencing activity of TLPD-FPC (DSPE-PEG-COOH conjugated with Fab’) was compared with that of TLPD-FPM (DSPE-PEG-MAL conjugated with Fab’) in SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Results: There was no significant difference in particle size between the two TLPDs, but the zeta po

Baoyue Ding1,2, Xin Wu1, Wei Fan1,3, Zhaoyong Wu4, Jing Gao5, Wei Zhang1, Lulu Ma5, Wang Xiang1, Quangang Zhu1, Jiyong Liu1, Xueying Ding5, Shen Gao11Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 3The 425th Hospital of PLA, Department of Pharmacy, Sanya, 4Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Maternal and Childcare Hospital, Jiaxing, 5Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China The first three authors contributed equally to this work. Background: The increased incidence of malignant melanoma in recent decades, along with its high mortality rate and pronounced resistance to therapy pose an enormous challenge. Novel therapeutic strategies, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy, are urgently needed for melanoma. In this study, a new active targeting drug delivery system was constructed to combine chemotherapy and active specifc immunotherapy. Methods: The chemotherapeutic drug, dacarbazine (DTIC), that induces apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway which typically responds to severe DNA damage, was used as a model drug to prepare DTIC-loaded polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles (DTIC-NPs), which were covalently conjugated to a highly specific targeting functional TRAIL-receptor 2 (DR5) monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can contribute directly to cancer cell apoptosis or growth inhibition through the extrinsic pathway. Results: Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that DTIC-PLA-DR5 mAb nanoparticles (DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb) are an active targeting drug delivery system which can specifcally target DR5-overexpressing malignant melanoma cells and become efficiently internalized. Most strikingly, compared with conventional DTIC-NPs, DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and increased cell apoptosis in DR5-positive malignant melanoma cells. Conclusi

Baoyue Ding1,2, Xin Wu1, Wei Fan1,3, Zhaoyong Wu4, Jing Gao5, Wei Zhang1, Lulu Ma5, Wang Xiang1, Quangang Zhu1, Jiyong Liu1, Xueying Ding5, Shen Gao11Department of Pharmaceutics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Medical College of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 3The 425th Hospital of PLA, Department of Pharmacy, Sanya, 4Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Maternal and Childcare Hospital, Jiaxing, 5Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China The first three authors contributed equally to this work. Background: The increased incidence of malignant melanoma in recent decades, along with its high mortality rate and pronounced resistance to therapy pose an enormous challenge. Novel therapeutic strategies, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy, are urgently needed for melanoma. In this study, a new active targeting drug delivery system was constructed to combine chemotherapy and active specifc immunotherapy. Methods: The chemotherapeutic drug, dacarbazine (DTIC), that induces apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway which typically responds to severe DNA damage, was used as a model drug to prepare DTIC-loaded polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles (DTIC-NPs), which were covalently conjugated to a highly specific targeting functional TRAIL-receptor 2 (DR5) monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can contribute directly to cancer cell apoptosis or growth inhibition through the extrinsic pathway. Results: Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that DTIC-PLA-DR5 mAb nanoparticles (DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb) are an active targeting drug delivery system which can specifcally target DR5-overexpressing malignant melanoma cells and become efficiently internalized. Most strikingly, compared with conventional DTIC-NPs, DTIC-NPs-DR5 mAb showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and increased cell apoptosis in DR5-positive malignant melanoma cells. Conclusi