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Hematology implies rapid and practical analysis to assist the diagnosis of fish homeostatic imbalance. This study determined the blood reference intervals in an important native South American catfish farmed in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland, Sorubim lima (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae), and describes the morphological and cytochemical characteristics of the cells. A total of 92 fish reared in a fish farm were examined for reference intervals 25 - 75% of total plasmatic protein, hemoglobin, red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and total thrombocyte and leukocyte count (WBC). Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) with salivary amylase, bromophenol blue, Sudan black B and toluidine blue (metacromasy) were the cytochemical stains employed to signal glycogen, proteins, lipids and nuclei in thrombocytes and leucocytes. In the blood smears, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, PAS - positive granular lymphocytes (LG-PAS) and thrombocytes were observed. Siluriforme similar results were observed in neutrophils and eosinophils morphology. Compared to other pimelodidae RBC, hematocrit and MCV showed the lowest index variation. In contrast to other siluriformes fish, S. lima showed the concomitant presence of circulating eosinophils and basophils., Hematologija podrazumijeva brze i praktične analize koje pomažu dijagnostici poremećene homeostatske ravnoteže u riba. Ovim istraživanjem utvrđeni su referentne vrijednosti morfoloških i citokemijskih obilježja krvnih stanica južnoameričkog soma Sorubim lima (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae), uzgajanog u močvarnim područjima Brazila. Kod ukupno 92 farmski uzgojene ribe istraženi su referentne vrijednosti za ukupne bjelačevine plazme, hemoglobin, broj eritrocita, hematokrit, srednji volumen eritrocita, prosječnu koncentraciju hemoglobina te ukupni broj trombocita i leukocita. Za citokemijsko određivanje glikogena, bjelančevina, masti te jezgri u trombocitima i leukocitima upotrijebljen je Schiffov perjodni reagens (PAS) s amilazom sline, bromfenolnim plavilom, sudanskim crnilom B i toluidinskim plavilom (metakromatska zrnca). U krvnim razmascima utvrđeni su monociti, limfociti, neutrofili, bazofili, eozinofili, PAS pozitivni granulirani limfociti i trombociti. Ustanovljeno je da je morfologija neutrofila slična onoj u riba somovki (Siluriformes). U usporedbi s ostalim dugobrkim ribama (Pimelodidae), broj eritrocita, hematokrit i srednji volumen eritrocita pokazali su najniži indeks varijacija. Za razliku od ostalih somovki, S. lima je pokazala istodobnu prisutnost cirkulirajućih eozinofila i bazofila.

Ishikawa M.M., de Pádua S.B., Satake F., Martins M.L. & Tavares-Dias M. [Morphological identification of anaplasmataceae-like organisms in monocytes of the hybrid surubim catfish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x P. corruscans) – case repot]. Identificação morfológica de organismos semelhantes à anaplasmataceae em monócitos de surubim híbrido (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x P. corruscans) – relato de caso. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 33(4):225-228, 2011. Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, BR 163 km 253,6, Cx. Postal 661, Dourados, MS 79804- 970, Brasil. E-mail: marcia@cpao.embrapa.br The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of Anaplasmataceae-like organisms in monocytes from the hybrid surubim catfish. During the hematological evaluation of fish infected by Pseudomonas sp. in a fish farm located in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul we observed into the monocytes the presence of numerous pleomorphic inclusions of various sizes, rough in appearance which presented basophilic staining. These inclusions were similar to elementary bodies, initial bodies and morule of the bacteria from Anaplasmataceae family, often diagnosed in domestic mammals. This is the first report of its occurrence possibly belonging to the family of Anaplasmataceae in cultured fish in Brazil. Additional studies are necessary for molecular characterization of this bacteria, pathogenic potential, life cycle and impact on the intensive production of fish., Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar a ocorrência de organismos semelhantes à Anaplasmataceae em monócitos de surubim híbridos. Durante a avaliação hematológica em peixes infectados por Pseudomonas sp., num evento natural, nos peixes cultivados no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, verificou-se a presença de várias inclusões pleomórficas, exibindo aparência rugosa e coloração predominantemente basofílica, apresentando-se em monócitos de apenas um indivíduo de surubim hí- brido. Estas inclusões são similares aos corpúsculos elementares, corpos inicias e mórulas de bactérias pertencentes à família Anaplasmataceae. Estudos adicionais são necessários para caracterização molecular desta bactéria, bem como caracterização do potencial patogênico, ciclo de vida e impacto de sua ocorrência na produção intensiva de peixes e saúde pública.

The aim of this paper was to characterize the morphological and cytochemical aspects of thrombocytes and leukocytes in hatchlings of Podocnemis expansa, P. unifilis and P. sextuberculata from the lower Purus River, Amazonas State, Brazil. Blood smears were submitted to staining by Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Peroxidase (PER), Toluidine Blue (TB), Sudan Black B (SBB) and Bromophenol Blue (BB). Only the lymphocytes did not present a positive-PAS reaction, while heterophils of P. unifilis showed a weak positive reaction. Azurophils, heterophils and eosinophils had a weak positive reaction for PER, with the exception of heterophils in P. expansa which stained intensely. Positive staining with BB was observed in granules of heterophils, eosinophils and basophils of P. expansa, P. unifilis and P. sextuberculata, but this was weak in basophils of P. sextuberculata. Sudanophilia was observed in heterophils granules and in eosinophils of P. expansa, P. unifilis and P. sextuberculata. Metachromasia was demonstrated in basophils of these three species. In these turtle hatchlings, heterophils and eosinophils are the most frequent leukocytes and both have a similar role in defense, since the granules of these granulocytes present glycogen, sudanophilia, peroxidase and basic proteins., Svrha ovog rada bila je odrediti morfološke i citokemijske značajke trombocita i leukocita mlađa kornjača Podocnemis expansa, P. unifilis i P. sextuberculata iz donjega toka rijeke Purus River u državi Amazona u Brazilu. Razmasci krvi bili su obojeni perjodnom kiselinom i Shiffovim reagensom (PAS), peroksidazom (PER), toluidinskim plavilom (TB), sudanskim crnilom B (SBB) i bromfenolskim plavilom (BB). Samo limfociti se nisu obojili metodom PAS, dok su heterofili vrste P. unifilis pokazivali slabo pozitivnu reakciju. Bazofili, heterofili i eozinofili pokazivali su slabu aktivnost peroksidaze s iznimkom heterofila u vrste P. expansa koji su pokazivali jaču aktivnost. Bromfenolskim plavilom obojila su se zrnca heterofila, eozinofila i bazofila u vrsta P. expansa, P. unifilis i P. sextuberculata, ali je bojenje bilo slabo u bazofifi lima vrste P. sextuberculata. Sudanskim crnilom B obojila su se zrnca heterofila vrsta P. expansa, P. unifilis i P. sextuberculata. Metakromatska zrnca bila su uočena u bazofilima svih triju vrsta. U njihova mlađa najčešće su dokazani heterofili i eozinofili, a i jedni i drugi imaju sličnu ulogu u obrani. Zrnca tih granulocita upućuju na sadržaj glikogena, peroksidaze, bazičnih proteina, a imaju afinitet prema sudanskom bojenju.

Ishikawa M.M., de Pádua S.B., Satake F., Martins M.L. & Tavares-Dias M. [Morphological identification of anaplasmataceae-like organisms in monocytes of the hybrid surubim catfish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x P. corruscans) – case repot]. Identificação morfológica de organismos semelhantes à anaplasmataceae em monócitos de surubim híbrido (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x P. corruscans) – relato de caso. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 33(4):225-228, 2011. Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, BR 163 km 253,6, Cx. Postal 661, Dourados, MS 79804- 970, Brasil. E-mail: marcia@cpao.embrapa.br The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of Anaplasmataceae-like organisms in monocytes from the hybrid surubim catfish. During the hematological evaluation of fish infected by Pseudomonas sp. in a fish farm located in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul we observed into the monocytes the presence of numerous pleomorphic inclusions of various sizes, rough in appearance which presented basophilic staining. These inclusions were similar to elementary bodies, initial bodies and morule of the bacteria from Anaplasmataceae family, often diagnosed in domestic mammals. This is the first report of its occurrence possibly belonging to the family of Anaplasmataceae in cultured fish in Brazil. Additional studies are necessary for molecular characterization of this bacteria, pathogenic potential, life cycle and impact on the intensive production of fish., Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar a ocorrência de organismos semelhantes à Anaplasmataceae em monócitos de surubim híbridos. Durante a avaliação hematológica em peixes infectados por Pseudomonas sp., num evento natural, nos peixes cultivados no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, verificou-se a presença de várias inclusões pleomórficas, exibindo aparência rugosa e coloração predominantemente basofílica, apresentando-se em monócitos de apenas um indivíduo de surubim hí- brido. Estas inclusões são similares aos corpúsculos elementares, corpos inicias e mórulas de bactérias pertencentes à família Anaplasmataceae. Estudos adicionais são necessários para caracterização molecular desta bactéria, bem como caracterização do potencial patogênico, ciclo de vida e impacto de sua ocorrência na produção intensiva de peixes e saúde pública.

Besides indicating the baseline values of the species, blood parameter assessments of chelonian may also be used as quick tools for diagnosing health status. An investigation was carried out to assess and compare red blood cells parameters, white blood cell (WBC) and total thrombocyte counts and certain blood biochemical parameters for freshwater turtles, Podocnemis expansa Schweigger, 1812 (Pelomedusidae) reared on normal (control group) and poor nutrition (malnourished group). For the malnourished turtles, a signififi cant decrease (P<0.05) in red blood cell counts was found, including hematocrit, plasma glucose, plasma total protein, cholesterol and urea levels, as well as WBC counts, azurophils and heterophils. Malnutrition did not alter the hemostasis, but caused severe normocytic-hypocromic anemia and marked immune depression, which were diagnosed here. This study was the fifi rst to characterize the physiological and immune status of giant turtles from the Amazon under adverse nutritional conditions., Osim za utvrđivanje osnovnih vrijednosti osebujnih za vrstu, pretraživanje krvnih pokazatelja može u kornjača biti rabljeno za brzo određivanje njihova zdravstvenoga stanja. Istraživanje je poduzeto da se odrede i usporede pokazatelji crvenih krvnih stanica, bijelih krvnih stanica, ukupnog broja trombocita i neki biokemijski pokazatelji za slatkovodne kornjače Podocnemis expansa Schweigger, 1812 (Pelomedusidae) uzgajane u normalnim (kontrolna skupina) i lošim hranidbenim uvjetima (pokusna skupina). U kornjača uzgajanih u lošim uvjetima ustanovljen je značajno smanjen (P<0,05) broj crvenih krvnih stanica kao i smanjene vrijednosti hematokrita, razine glukoze u plazmi, razine ukupnih proteina plazme, kolesterola i mokraćevine te broj bijelih krvnih stanica, azurofila i heterofila. Loša hranidba nije utjecala na hemostazu, ali je prouzročila tešku normocitnu hipokromnu anemiju i znatnu imunodepresiju. Ovo je prvo istraživanje u kojem je prikazan fiziološki i imunološki status divovske kornjače iz Amazone, držane u nepovoljnim hranidbenim uvjetima.

Studies regarding parasite fauna in farmed fish are of great relevance to the knowledge of the parasites species, allowing interference in their proliferation in order to avoid epizooties and consequently, economical losses. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and intensity of parasites in fry Arapaima gigas maintained in ponds of a semi-intensive fifi sh farm in Amazonas State, Brazil. On necropsy, 96.0% of A. gigas were found parasitized by Dawestrema cycloancistrioides, Dawestrema cycloancistrium (Monogenoidea), Trichodina sp., Ichthyobodo sp. (Protozoa), Camallanus tridentatus, Terranova serrata, Goezia spinulosa (Nematoda) and Argulidae. However, D. cycloancistrium, D. cycloancistrioides and Trichodina fariai were the parasites of greatest intensity. This study is the first to report parasitic infections in farmed A. gigas and the results indicated a high rate of infection that might lead to important changes in the health of the hosts., Istraživanje parazitske faune na farmama riba od velikoga je značenja za nove spoznaje o parazitskim vrstama jer omogućuje upletanje u njihovo razmnožavanje s ciljem sprječavanja pojave epizootija i smanjenja posljedičnih gospodarskih šteta. Ovo istraživanje poduzeto je u svrhu određivanja prevalencije i intenziteta parazita u mlađi vrste Arapaima gigas držane na poluintenzivnim jezerskim farmama u državi Amazona u Brazilu. Pri razudbi je ustanovljeno da je 96,0% A. gigas bilo pozitivno na parazite Dawestrema cycloancistrioides, Dawestrema cycloancistrium (Monogenoidea), Trichodina sp., Ichthyobodo sp. (Protozoa), Camallanus tridentatus, Terranova serrata, Goezia spinulosa (Nematoda) i Argulidae. Ipak, najčešće dokazane vrste parazita bile su D. cycloancistrium, D. cycloancistrioides i Trichodina fariai. U istraživanju se prvi put izvješćuje o parazitima u farmski držane A. gigas, a rezultati govore o visokoj stopi invadiranosti što može dovesti do znatnih poremećaja zdravlja domaćina.

Measurement of blood parameters has been used for many years as a tool for monitoring the health of fish. The present study investigated the effects of a natural infestation of Dolops carvalhoi Lemos de Castro, 1949, on red blood cells, thrombocytes and white blood cell counts, as well as plasma glucose and serum electrolyte levels in hybrid tambacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus x Colossoma macropomum). Parasitized fish showed low haematocrit and magnesium levels and increases in MCHC, plasma glucose levels, serum protein, sodium and chloride levels, number of monocytes and PAS-positive granular leukocytes (PAS-GL), when compared with values in control fish. This study is the first to report changes in fish physiology caused by D. Carvalhoi infestation, and the results obtained indicate that a mild infection can lead to important osmoregulatory disturbances in hosts., Poznato je da se mjerenje vrijednosti različitih pokazatelja u krvi riba upotrebljava za praćenje njihova zdravlja. U ovom istraživanju promatran je učinak prirodne invazije ribljom uši Dolops carvalhoi, Lemos de Castro, 1949., na broj eritrocita, trombocita, leukocita te na razinu glukoze u plazmi i elektrolita u serumu u hibridne ribe tambacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus x Colossoma macropomum). U invadiranih riba zabilježene su niže vrijednosti hematokrita i magnezija te povećane vrijednosti srednje koncentracije hemoglobina, glukoze u plazmi, serumskih proteina, natrija i klorida, broja monocita te PAS pozitivnih granuliranih leukocita u odnosu na kontrolne ribe. Ovo je prvo izvješće o fiziološkim promjenama uzrokovanima ribljom uši Dolops carvalhoi. Rezultati naznačuju da blaga invazija može dovesti do znatnih osmozoregulacijskih poremećaja u domaćina.