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High voltage direct current super-grids are one attractive solution for the transmission of bulk power of renewable electricity over long distances. Their protection is still an issue and superconducting fault current limiters (SCFCL) offer attractive perspectives. However, the actual superconducting tapes are not yet properly designed for operation at high voltages (>100 kV): The electric field developed during the current limitation is still too low (approximately 50 V/m for 50 ms) and the limiter requires too long lengths of tape. The European project FASTGRID aims at improving the properties of the REBCO tapes to enhance significantly (by 2-3 times) the electric field limit and so the economical SCFCL attractiveness. We use advanced THEVA tapes. Substantial improvements are also planned on the stabilizer (shunt) layer. Several shunt ways are under investigations. Other improvement on the tape properties will be carried out, namely the increase of the normal zone propagation velocity by at least one order of magnitude, with the help of the innovative current flow diverter architecture. The optimized conductor will be used in a SCFCL module (≈1.5 kA-50 kV) tested at 65 K. We will monitor the temperature along the conductor using an attached optical fibre. FASTGRID will also develop innovative tapes based on sapphire substrate, which can tolerate very high electric fields, in the range of kilovolts per meter. Validated on the laboratory scale, this game-changing technology needs to be implemented at long lengths with an industrial process. We will provide an overview of the project and its first results.

Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases, Second Edition, comprehensively reviews the extensive spectrum of diseases and disorders that can occur within the endocrine system. It serves as a useful and comprehensive source of information spanning the many and varied aspects of the endocrine end metabolic system. Students will find a concise description of the physiology and pathophysiology of endocrine and metabolic functions, as well as their diseases. Each article provides a comprehensive overview of the selected topic to inform a broad spectrum of readers, from advanced undergraduate students, to research professionals. Chapters explore the latest advances and hot topics that have emerged in recent years, such as the molecular basis of endocrine and metabolic diseases (mutations, epigenetics, signaling), the pathogenesis and therapy of common endocrine diseases (e.g. diabetes and endocrine malignancies), new technologies in endocrine research, new methods of treatment, and endocrine toxicology/disruptors. Covers all aspects of endocrinology and metabolism Incorporates perspectives from experts working within the domains of biomedicine (e.g. physiology, pharmacology and toxicology, immunology, genetics) and clinical sciences to provide readers with reputable, multi-disciplinary content from domain experts Provides a ?one-stop' resource for access to information as written by world-leading scholars in the field, with easy cross-referencing of related articles to promote understanding and further research

Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases, Second Edition, comprehensively reviews the extensive spectrum of diseases and disorders that can occur within the endocrine system. It serves as a useful and comprehensive source of information spanning the many and varied aspects of the endocrine end metabolic system. Students will find a concise description of the physiology and pathophysiology of endocrine and metabolic functions, as well as their diseases. Each article provides a comprehensive overview of the selected topic to inform a broad spectrum of readers, from advanced undergraduate students, to research professionals. Chapters explore the latest advances and hot topics that have emerged in recent years, such as the molecular basis of endocrine and metabolic diseases (mutations, epigenetics, signaling), the pathogenesis and therapy of common endocrine diseases (e.g. diabetes and endocrine malignancies), new technologies in endocrine research, new methods of treatment, and endocrine toxicology/disruptors. Covers all aspects of endocrinology and metabolism Incorporates perspectives from experts working within the domains of biomedicine (e.g. physiology, pharmacology and toxicology, immunology, genetics) and clinical sciences to provide readers with reputable, multi-disciplinary content from domain experts Provides a ?one-stop' resource for access to information as written by world-leading scholars in the field, with easy cross-referencing of related articles to promote understanding and further research

Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases, Second Edition, comprehensively reviews the extensive spectrum of diseases and disorders that can occur within the endocrine system. It serves as a useful and comprehensive source of information spanning the many and varied aspects of the endocrine end metabolic system. Students will find a concise description of the physiology and pathophysiology of endocrine and metabolic functions, as well as their diseases. Each article provides a comprehensive overview of the selected topic to inform a broad spectrum of readers, from advanced undergraduate students, to research professionals. Chapters explore the latest advances and hot topics that have emerged in recent years, such as the molecular basis of endocrine and metabolic diseases (mutations, epigenetics, signaling), the pathogenesis and therapy of common endocrine diseases (e.g. diabetes and endocrine malignancies), new technologies in endocrine research, new methods of treatment, and endocrine toxicology/disruptors. Covers all aspects of endocrinology and metabolism Incorporates perspectives from experts working within the domains of biomedicine (e.g. physiology, pharmacology and toxicology, immunology, genetics) and clinical sciences to provide readers with reputable, multi-disciplinary content from domain experts Provides a ?one-stop' resource for access to information as written by world-leading scholars in the field, with easy cross-referencing of related articles to promote understanding and further research

Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases, Second Edition, comprehensively reviews the extensive spectrum of diseases and disorders that can occur within the endocrine system. It serves as a useful and comprehensive source of information spanning the many and varied aspects of the endocrine end metabolic system. Students will find a concise description of the physiology and pathophysiology of endocrine and metabolic functions, as well as their diseases. Each article provides a comprehensive overview of the selected topic to inform a broad spectrum of readers, from advanced undergraduate students, to research professionals. Chapters explore the latest advances and hot topics that have emerged in recent years, such as the molecular basis of endocrine and metabolic diseases (mutations, epigenetics, signaling), the pathogenesis and therapy of common endocrine diseases (e.g. diabetes and endocrine malignancies), new technologies in endocrine research, new methods of treatment, and endocrine toxicology/disruptors. Covers all aspects of endocrinology and metabolism Incorporates perspectives from experts working within the domains of biomedicine (e.g. physiology, pharmacology and toxicology, immunology, genetics) and clinical sciences to provide readers with reputable, multi-disciplinary content from domain experts Provides a ?one-stop' resource for access to information as written by world-leading scholars in the field, with easy cross-referencing of related articles to promote understanding and further research

Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a major secretory product of the steroidogenic Leydig cells of the testes in the fetus as well as in the adult. It is a constitutive product of the mature Leydig cells and hence acts as an excellent biomarker for Leydig cell functional capacity, and can be used to monitor fetal and pubertal development, as well as male ageing. Its major function is to promote the first transabdominal phase of testis descent in the fetus, interacting with RXFP2 receptors on the gubernacular ligaments. It also has functions in the adult linked to spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis and bone metabolism. INSL3 is also produced in the female as a paracrine system within the ovary serving to promote steroidogenesis within growing antral follicles.

Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a major secretory product of the steroidogenic Leydig cells of the testes in the fetus as well as in the adult. It is a constitutive product of the mature Leydig cells and hence acts as an excellent biomarker for Leydig cell functional capacity, and can be used to monitor fetal and pubertal development, as well as male ageing. Its major function is to promote the first transabdominal phase of testis descent in the fetus, interacting with RXFP2 receptors on the gubernacular ligaments. It also has functions in the adult linked to spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis and bone metabolism. INSL3 is also produced in the female as a paracrine system within the ovary serving to promote steroidogenesis within growing antral follicles.

Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a major secretory product of the steroidogenic Leydig cells of the testes in the fetus as well as in the adult. It is a constitutive product of the mature Leydig cells and hence acts as an excellent biomarker for Leydig cell functional capacity, and can be used to monitor fetal and pubertal development, as well as male ageing. Its major function is to promote the first transabdominal phase of testis descent in the fetus, interacting with RXFP2 receptors on the gubernacular ligaments. It also has functions in the adult linked to spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis and bone metabolism. INSL3 is also produced in the female as a paracrine system within the ovary serving to promote steroidogenesis within growing antral follicles.

Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a major secretory product of the steroidogenic Leydig cells of the testes in the fetus as well as in the adult. It is a constitutive product of the mature Leydig cells and hence acts as an excellent biomarker for Leydig cell functional capacity, and can be used to monitor fetal and pubertal development, as well as male ageing. Its major function is to promote the first transabdominal phase of testis descent in the fetus, interacting with RXFP2 receptors on the gubernacular ligaments. It also has functions in the adult linked to spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis and bone metabolism. INSL3 is also produced in the female as a paracrine system within the ovary serving to promote steroidogenesis within growing antral follicles.