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Aseptic inflammation as the essential link in the pathogenesis of endometrioid disease. Orlova Yu.A., Hromova A.M., Ketova O.M., Liakhovska T.Yu., Martynenko V.B., Krutikova E.I. The paper was aimed at deter mination of the quantitative activity of iNOS and Arg1, as well as M1 and M2 phenotype macrophages in women with endometrioid disease to establish their role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. A prospective study was performed in gynecological units of the medical facilities of Poltava city. 140 women of reproductive age who made up the main group (110 women with endometrioid disease) and the control group (30 women without endometrioid disease) voluntarily participated in the study. All women underwent planned surgical treatment for existing gynecological pathology. Before surgical treatment, women were examined in accordance with the current Orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the enzymatic markers of macrophages (in the endometrium and peritoneal fluid) polarized into M1(iNOS) and M2 (Arg1) phenotypes. The type of macrophages was determined individually in each patient according to the ratios: in iNOS>Arg1, the M1 macrophage type prevailed; in Arg1>iNOS, the M2 macrophage type prevailed. When examining endometrial samplings in women from the main group, the iNOS indicator was by 1.4 times higher compared to women from the control group. The obtained results at the stage of entry into the abdominal cavity showed that mostly women from the main group suffered from the pelvic adhesion, especially stage 3 and stage 4. Among the obtained results, the increased quantitative activity in the peritoneal fluid of both iNOS and Arg1 in women of the main group was significant compared to the control group. When comparing the stages of endometrioid disease to the rates of quantitative activity of macrophage enzyme markers (in peritoneal fluid), it was found that the increase in the stage of the dise

The amniotic sac and amniotic membranes are of great importance in the release of childbirth activity, the biomechanism of childbirth, as a factor that contributes to the physiological processes of smoothing and opening of the cervix. We studied the changes in the morphological structure of 30 amniotic membranes during premature rupture and 10 during timely rupture. A clinical-morphological study with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes was carried out taking into account changes in the vaginal discharge depending on the duration of the waterless interval. In contrast to membranes with premature spillage of amniotic fluid, with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes near their edge, pronounced swelling of all elements of the membranes is noted. With premature discharge of amniotic fluid and a minimal waterless interval, degenerative changes in the membranes in women with premature rupture occur much earlier. Destruction of epithelial cells and their degenerative changes were observed in the amnion. There is no clear border between the amnion and the smooth chorion. With a waterless interval of 8 or more hours, parietal deciduitis develops first, then chorioamnionitis. Placental basal and septal deciduitis and less often intervillosis join. When the water-free period increased for more than 10 hours, dystrophic changes of the epithelium were noted, marked transformation into a continuous cuticular formation. The detected changes in the amnion and chorion, with a minimal waterless interval, are characterized by the destruction of epithelial cells, degenerative changes, the absence of a clear border between the amnion and the chorion, changes in the intercellular space, swelling and thickening of the walls of blood vessels, which suggests that with their premature rupture, the most characteristic degenerative-dystrophic changes. Inflammatory reaction is joined when the waterless interval is lengthened.

Premature discharge of amniotic fluid creates conditions for ascending infection of the placenta, fetus and newborn, disruption of uteroplacental blood circulation with the subsequent development of fetal distress. The placenta is one of the first barriers that help limit exposure to harmful substances. Dysfunction of the placenta can contribute to complications that increase the morbidity and mortality of both the fetus and the newborn. The study aimed to determine the morphological features of the placenta in case of premature discharge of amniotic fluid. Ninety placentas of women with the premature and timely discharge of amniotic fluid were examined using a standardized method of organo- and morphometry. In 42% of cases, there was a central attachment of the umbilical cord, in 35% (24/69) – lateral and in 1% – membrane. The length of the umbilical cord was 61.6±8.3 cm, and the distance from the place of the membranes to the edge of the placenta was 14.36±3.8 cm. In 41% (28/69) placentas, the course of the vessels was main, in 40% (27/69), it was mixed and in 20% (14/69) dispersed. The intervillous space with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid was empty in only three observation cases (4%). In other cases (96%), it is uneven, in some places sharply narrowed, up to its complete disappearance (the focus of acute infarction). In 10 observations (15%), the intervillous space was centrally expanded with the accumulation of blood and the formation of haemorrhages. In others, it is filled with single erythrocytes and exfoliated syncytial elements. In 8 observations (12%) in the intervillous space, single and concentrated accumulations of segmented nuclear leukocytes were found - focal intervillitis. Early signs of "ageing" of the placenta with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid and disruption of uteroplacental blood flow were revealed. The presence of "infarctions" of the placenta, partial thrombosis, and uneven blood vessels contributed to a synchronous i

States. Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of testosterone deficiency in the gonads in the 1940s and thus confirmed the concept that prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main palliative treatment for men with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, with the goal of reducing testosterone levels to the level obtained by surgical castration. The long-term chemical castration with triptorelin acetate leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in monocytic sprout cells at all levels of differentiation and proliferation with a complementary reaction of microenvironmental cells. The maximum quantitative changes in monocyte cells were observed at the 3rd month of the study, followed by a gradual recovery to the control group. Changes in the microenvironment cells: macrophages and reticular cells, were characterized by a stable reaction in the early stages of the study in the form of a decrease in the number and ratio of NSCs, with subsequent recovery of quantitative and qualitative changes to the level of the control group of animals. The adipocyte reacts at all stages of the study with a steady increase in quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

States. Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of testosterone deficiency in the gonads in the 1940s and thus confirmed the concept that prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main palliative treatment for men with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, with the goal of reducing testosterone levels to the level obtained by surgical castration. The long-term chemical castration with triptorelin acetate leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in monocytic sprout cells at all levels of differentiation and proliferation with a complementary reaction of microenvironmental cells. The maximum quantitative changes in monocyte cells were observed at the 3rd month of the study, followed by a gradual recovery to the control group. Changes in the microenvironment cells: macrophages and reticular cells, were characterized by a stable reaction in the early stages of the study in the form of a decrease in the number and ratio of NSCs, with subsequent recovery of quantitative and qualitative changes to the level of the control group of animals. The adipocyte reacts at all stages of the study with a steady increase in quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

Premature discharge of amniotic fluid creates conditions for ascending infection of the placenta, fetus and newborn, disruption of uteroplacental blood circulation with the subsequent development of fetal distress. The placenta is one of the first barriers that help limit exposure to harmful substances. Dysfunction of the placenta can contribute to complications that increase the morbidity and mortality of both the fetus and the newborn. The study aimed to determine the morphological features of the placenta in case of premature discharge of amniotic fluid. Ninety placentas of women with the premature and timely discharge of amniotic fluid were examined using a standardized method of organo- and morphometry. In 42% of cases, there was a central attachment of the umbilical cord, in 35% (24/69) – lateral and in 1% – membrane. The length of the umbilical cord was 61.6±8.3 cm, and the distance from the place of the membranes to the edge of the placenta was 14.36±3.8 cm. In 41% (28/69) placentas, the course of the vessels was main, in 40% (27/69), it was mixed and in 20% (14/69) dispersed. The intervillous space with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid was empty in only three observation cases (4%). In other cases (96%), it is uneven, in some places sharply narrowed, up to its complete disappearance (the focus of acute infarction). In 10 observations (15%), the intervillous space was centrally expanded with the accumulation of blood and the formation of haemorrhages. In others, it is filled with single erythrocytes and exfoliated syncytial elements. In 8 observations (12%) in the intervillous space, single and concentrated accumulations of segmented nuclear leukocytes were found - focal intervillitis. Early signs of "ageing" of the placenta with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid and disruption of uteroplacental blood flow were revealed. The presence of "infarctions" of the placenta, partial thrombosis, and uneven blood vessels contributed to a synchronous i

The amniotic sac and amniotic membranes are of great importance in the release of childbirth activity, the biomechanism of childbirth, as a factor that contributes to the physiological processes of smoothing and opening of the cervix. We studied the changes in the morphological structure of 30 amniotic membranes during premature rupture and 10 during timely rupture. A clinical-morphological study with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes was carried out taking into account changes in the vaginal discharge depending on the duration of the waterless interval. In contrast to membranes with premature spillage of amniotic fluid, with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes near their edge, pronounced swelling of all elements of the membranes is noted. With premature discharge of amniotic fluid and a minimal waterless interval, degenerative changes in the membranes in women with premature rupture occur much earlier. Destruction of epithelial cells and their degenerative changes were observed in the amnion. There is no clear border between the amnion and the smooth chorion. With a waterless interval of 8 or more hours, parietal deciduitis develops first, then chorioamnionitis. Placental basal and septal deciduitis and less often intervillosis join. When the water-free period increased for more than 10 hours, dystrophic changes of the epithelium were noted, marked transformation into a continuous cuticular formation. The detected changes in the amnion and chorion, with a minimal waterless interval, are characterized by the destruction of epithelial cells, degenerative changes, the absence of a clear border between the amnion and the chorion, changes in the intercellular space, swelling and thickening of the walls of blood vessels, which suggests that with their premature rupture, the most characteristic degenerative-dystrophic changes. Inflammatory reaction is joined when the waterless interval is lengthened.

States. Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of testosterone deficiency in the gonads in the 1940s and thus confirmed the concept that prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main palliative treatment for men with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, with the goal of reducing testosterone levels to the level obtained by surgical castration. The long-term chemical castration with triptorelin acetate leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in monocytic sprout cells at all levels of differentiation and proliferation with a complementary reaction of microenvironmental cells. The maximum quantitative changes in monocyte cells were observed at the 3rd month of the study, followed by a gradual recovery to the control group. Changes in the microenvironment cells: macrophages and reticular cells, were characterized by a stable reaction in the early stages of the study in the form of a decrease in the number and ratio of NSCs, with subsequent recovery of quantitative and qualitative changes to the level of the control group of animals. The adipocyte reacts at all stages of the study with a steady increase in quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

States. Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of testosterone deficiency in the gonads in the 1940s and thus confirmed the concept that prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main palliative treatment for men with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, with the goal of reducing testosterone levels to the level obtained by surgical castration. The long-term chemical castration with triptorelin acetate leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in monocytic sprout cells at all levels of differentiation and proliferation with a complementary reaction of microenvironmental cells. The maximum quantitative changes in monocyte cells were observed at the 3rd month of the study, followed by a gradual recovery to the control group. Changes in the microenvironment cells: macrophages and reticular cells, were characterized by a stable reaction in the early stages of the study in the form of a decrease in the number and ratio of NSCs, with subsequent recovery of quantitative and qualitative changes to the level of the control group of animals. The adipocyte reacts at all stages of the study with a steady increase in quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

The amniotic sac and amniotic membranes are of great importance in the release of childbirth activity, the biomechanism of childbirth, as a factor that contributes to the physiological processes of smoothing and opening of the cervix. We studied the changes in the morphological structure of 30 amniotic membranes during premature rupture and 10 during timely rupture. A clinical-morphological study with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes was carried out taking into account changes in the vaginal discharge depending on the duration of the waterless interval. In contrast to membranes with premature spillage of amniotic fluid, with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes near their edge, pronounced swelling of all elements of the membranes is noted. With premature discharge of amniotic fluid and a minimal waterless interval, degenerative changes in the membranes in women with premature rupture occur much earlier. Destruction of epithelial cells and their degenerative changes were observed in the amnion. There is no clear border between the amnion and the smooth chorion. With a waterless interval of 8 or more hours, parietal deciduitis develops first, then chorioamnionitis. Placental basal and septal deciduitis and less often intervillosis join. When the water-free period increased for more than 10 hours, dystrophic changes of the epithelium were noted, marked transformation into a continuous cuticular formation. The detected changes in the amnion and chorion, with a minimal waterless interval, are characterized by the destruction of epithelial cells, degenerative changes, the absence of a clear border between the amnion and the chorion, changes in the intercellular space, swelling and thickening of the walls of blood vessels, which suggests that with their premature rupture, the most characteristic degenerative-dystrophic changes. Inflammatory reaction is joined when the waterless interval is lengthened.

Premature discharge of amniotic fluid creates conditions for ascending infection of the placenta, fetus and newborn, disruption of uteroplacental blood circulation with the subsequent development of fetal distress. The placenta is one of the first barriers that help limit exposure to harmful substances. Dysfunction of the placenta can contribute to complications that increase the morbidity and mortality of both the fetus and the newborn. The study aimed to determine the morphological features of the placenta in case of premature discharge of amniotic fluid. Ninety placentas of women with the premature and timely discharge of amniotic fluid were examined using a standardized method of organo- and morphometry. In 42% of cases, there was a central attachment of the umbilical cord, in 35% (24/69) – lateral and in 1% – membrane. The length of the umbilical cord was 61.6±8.3 cm, and the distance from the place of the membranes to the edge of the placenta was 14.36±3.8 cm. In 41% (28/69) placentas, the course of the vessels was main, in 40% (27/69), it was mixed and in 20% (14/69) dispersed. The intervillous space with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid was empty in only three observation cases (4%). In other cases (96%), it is uneven, in some places sharply narrowed, up to its complete disappearance (the focus of acute infarction). In 10 observations (15%), the intervillous space was centrally expanded with the accumulation of blood and the formation of haemorrhages. In others, it is filled with single erythrocytes and exfoliated syncytial elements. In 8 observations (12%) in the intervillous space, single and concentrated accumulations of segmented nuclear leukocytes were found - focal intervillitis. Early signs of "ageing" of the placenta with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid and disruption of uteroplacental blood flow were revealed. The presence of "infarctions" of the placenta, partial thrombosis, and uneven blood vessels contributed to a synchronous i

Premature discharge of amniotic fluid creates conditions for ascending infection of the placenta, fetus and newborn, disruption of uteroplacental blood circulation with the subsequent development of fetal distress. The placenta is one of the first barriers that help limit exposure to harmful substances. Dysfunction of the placenta can contribute to complications that increase the morbidity and mortality of both the fetus and the newborn. The study aimed to determine the morphological features of the placenta in case of premature discharge of amniotic fluid. Ninety placentas of women with the premature and timely discharge of amniotic fluid were examined using a standardized method of organo- and morphometry. In 42% of cases, there was a central attachment of the umbilical cord, in 35% (24/69) – lateral and in 1% – membrane. The length of the umbilical cord was 61.6±8.3 cm, and the distance from the place of the membranes to the edge of the placenta was 14.36±3.8 cm. In 41% (28/69) placentas, the course of the vessels was main, in 40% (27/69), it was mixed and in 20% (14/69) dispersed. The intervillous space with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid was empty in only three observation cases (4%). In other cases (96%), it is uneven, in some places sharply narrowed, up to its complete disappearance (the focus of acute infarction). In 10 observations (15%), the intervillous space was centrally expanded with the accumulation of blood and the formation of haemorrhages. In others, it is filled with single erythrocytes and exfoliated syncytial elements. In 8 observations (12%) in the intervillous space, single and concentrated accumulations of segmented nuclear leukocytes were found - focal intervillitis. Early signs of "ageing" of the placenta with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid and disruption of uteroplacental blood flow were revealed. The presence of "infarctions" of the placenta, partial thrombosis, and uneven blood vessels contributed to a synchronous i

The amniotic sac and amniotic membranes are of great importance in the release of childbirth activity, the biomechanism of childbirth, as a factor that contributes to the physiological processes of smoothing and opening of the cervix. We studied the changes in the morphological structure of 30 amniotic membranes during premature rupture and 10 during timely rupture. A clinical-morphological study with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes was carried out taking into account changes in the vaginal discharge depending on the duration of the waterless interval. In contrast to membranes with premature spillage of amniotic fluid, with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes near their edge, pronounced swelling of all elements of the membranes is noted. With premature discharge of amniotic fluid and a minimal waterless interval, degenerative changes in the membranes in women with premature rupture occur much earlier. Destruction of epithelial cells and their degenerative changes were observed in the amnion. There is no clear border between the amnion and the smooth chorion. With a waterless interval of 8 or more hours, parietal deciduitis develops first, then chorioamnionitis. Placental basal and septal deciduitis and less often intervillosis join. When the water-free period increased for more than 10 hours, dystrophic changes of the epithelium were noted, marked transformation into a continuous cuticular formation. The detected changes in the amnion and chorion, with a minimal waterless interval, are characterized by the destruction of epithelial cells, degenerative changes, the absence of a clear border between the amnion and the chorion, changes in the intercellular space, swelling and thickening of the walls of blood vessels, which suggests that with their premature rupture, the most characteristic degenerative-dystrophic changes. Inflammatory reaction is joined when the waterless interval is lengthened.

States. Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of testosterone deficiency in the gonads in the 1940s and thus confirmed the concept that prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main palliative treatment for men with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, with the goal of reducing testosterone levels to the level obtained by surgical castration. The long-term chemical castration with triptorelin acetate leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in monocytic sprout cells at all levels of differentiation and proliferation with a complementary reaction of microenvironmental cells. The maximum quantitative changes in monocyte cells were observed at the 3rd month of the study, followed by a gradual recovery to the control group. Changes in the microenvironment cells: macrophages and reticular cells, were characterized by a stable reaction in the early stages of the study in the form of a decrease in the number and ratio of NSCs, with subsequent recovery of quantitative and qualitative changes to the level of the control group of animals. The adipocyte reacts at all stages of the study with a steady increase in quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

States. Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of testosterone deficiency in the gonads in the 1940s and thus confirmed the concept that prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main palliative treatment for men with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, with the goal of reducing testosterone levels to the level obtained by surgical castration. The long-term chemical castration with triptorelin acetate leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in monocytic sprout cells at all levels of differentiation and proliferation with a complementary reaction of microenvironmental cells. The maximum quantitative changes in monocyte cells were observed at the 3rd month of the study, followed by a gradual recovery to the control group. Changes in the microenvironment cells: macrophages and reticular cells, were characterized by a stable reaction in the early stages of the study in the form of a decrease in the number and ratio of NSCs, with subsequent recovery of quantitative and qualitative changes to the level of the control group of animals. The adipocyte reacts at all stages of the study with a steady increase in quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

Red bone marrow (RBM) is the main organ of human haemopoiesis. Monocytopoiesis plays an important role in the formation of transitional states: from normal to pathology and in the transformation of pathological processes from one stage to another. In modern urological practice, the substance triptorelin is widely used for androgen deprivation therapy, according to the recommendations of the European Association of Urology. Ki67, a commercially available monoclonal antibody that reacts with a nuclear antigen detected only in proliferating cells, is used to assess immunohistochemical changes. CD68 is a valuable cytochemical marker for immunostaining of monocytes/macrophages during histochemical analysis of tissues in inflammation, cancer and other immunohistopathological purposes. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the proliferative activity and differentiation of progenitor cells through the expression of Ki67 and CD68+ monocyte sprouting of RBM under chemical castration of central origin in male rats caused by the administration of triptorelin solution with quercetin addition to the diet for one year.

The amniotic sac and amniotic membranes are of great importance in the release of childbirth activity, the biomechanism of childbirth, as a factor that contributes to the physiological processes of smoothing and opening of the cervix. We studied the changes in the morphological structure of 30 amniotic membranes during premature rupture and 10 during timely rupture. A clinical-morphological study with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes was carried out taking into account changes in the vaginal discharge depending on the duration of the waterless interval. In contrast to membranes with premature spillage of amniotic fluid, with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes near their edge, pronounced swelling of all elements of the membranes is noted. With premature discharge of amniotic fluid and a minimal waterless interval, degenerative changes in the membranes in women with premature rupture occur much earlier. Destruction of epithelial cells and their degenerative changes were observed in the amnion. There is no clear border between the amnion and the smooth chorion. With a waterless interval of 8 or more hours, parietal deciduitis develops first, then chorioamnionitis. Placental basal and septal deciduitis and less often intervillosis join. When the water-free period increased for more than 10 hours, dystrophic changes of the epithelium were noted, marked transformation into a continuous cuticular formation. The detected changes in the amnion and chorion, with a minimal waterless interval, are characterized by the destruction of epithelial cells, degenerative changes, the absence of a clear border between the amnion and the chorion, changes in the intercellular space, swelling and thickening of the walls of blood vessels, which suggests that with their premature rupture, the most characteristic degenerative-dystrophic changes. Inflammatory reaction is joined when the waterless interval is lengthened.

Premature discharge of amniotic fluid creates conditions for ascending infection of the placenta, fetus and newborn, disruption of uteroplacental blood circulation with the subsequent development of fetal distress. The placenta is one of the first barriers that help limit exposure to harmful substances. Dysfunction of the placenta can contribute to complications that increase the morbidity and mortality of both the fetus and the newborn. The study aimed to determine the morphological features of the placenta in case of premature discharge of amniotic fluid. Ninety placentas of women with the premature and timely discharge of amniotic fluid were examined using a standardized method of organo- and morphometry. In 42% of cases, there was a central attachment of the umbilical cord, in 35% (24/69) – lateral and in 1% – membrane. The length of the umbilical cord was 61.6±8.3 cm, and the distance from the place of the membranes to the edge of the placenta was 14.36±3.8 cm. In 41% (28/69) placentas, the course of the vessels was main, in 40% (27/69), it was mixed and in 20% (14/69) dispersed. The intervillous space with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid was empty in only three observation cases (4%). In other cases (96%), it is uneven, in some places sharply narrowed, up to its complete disappearance (the focus of acute infarction). In 10 observations (15%), the intervillous space was centrally expanded with the accumulation of blood and the formation of haemorrhages. In others, it is filled with single erythrocytes and exfoliated syncytial elements. In 8 observations (12%) in the intervillous space, single and concentrated accumulations of segmented nuclear leukocytes were found - focal intervillitis. Early signs of "ageing" of the placenta with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid and disruption of uteroplacental blood flow were revealed. The presence of "infarctions" of the placenta, partial thrombosis, and uneven blood vessels contributed to a synchronous i

Aseptic inflammation as the essential link in the pathogenesis of endometrioid disease. Orlova Yu.A., Hromova A.M., Ketova O.M., Liakhovska T.Yu., Martynenko V.B., Krutikova E.I. The paper was aimed at deter mination of the quantitative activity of iNOS and Arg1, as well as M1 and M2 phenotype macrophages in women with endometrioid disease to establish their role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. A prospective study was performed in gynecological units of the medical facilities of Poltava city. 140 women of reproductive age who made up the main group (110 women with endometrioid disease) and the control group (30 women without endometrioid disease) voluntarily participated in the study. All women underwent planned surgical treatment for existing gynecological pathology. Before surgical treatment, women were examined in accordance with the current Orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the enzymatic markers of macrophages (in the endometrium and peritoneal fluid) polarized into M1(iNOS) and M2 (Arg1) phenotypes. The type of macrophages was determined individually in each patient according to the ratios: in iNOS>Arg1, the M1 macrophage type prevailed; in Arg1>iNOS, the M2 macrophage type prevailed. When examining endometrial samplings in women from the main group, the iNOS indicator was by 1.4 times higher compared to women from the control group. The obtained results at the stage of entry into the abdominal cavity showed that mostly women from the main group suffered from the pelvic adhesion, especially stage 3 and stage 4. Among the obtained results, the increased quantitative activity in the peritoneal fluid of both iNOS and Arg1 in women of the main group was significant compared to the control group. When comparing the stages of endometrioid disease to the rates of quantitative activity of macrophage enzyme markers (in peritoneal fluid), it was found that the increase in the stage of the dise

States. Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of testosterone deficiency in the gonads in the 1940s and thus confirmed the concept that prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main palliative treatment for men with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, with the goal of reducing testosterone levels to the level obtained by surgical castration. The long-term chemical castration with triptorelin acetate leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in monocytic sprout cells at all levels of differentiation and proliferation with a complementary reaction of microenvironmental cells. The maximum quantitative changes in monocyte cells were observed at the 3rd month of the study, followed by a gradual recovery to the control group. Changes in the microenvironment cells: macrophages and reticular cells, were characterized by a stable reaction in the early stages of the study in the form of a decrease in the number and ratio of NSCs, with subsequent recovery of quantitative and qualitative changes to the level of the control group of animals. The adipocyte reacts at all stages of the study with a steady increase in quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

Red bone marrow (RBM) is the main organ of human haemopoiesis. Monocytopoiesis plays an important role in the formation of transitional states: from normal to pathology and in the transformation of pathological processes from one stage to another. In modern urological practice, the substance triptorelin is widely used for androgen deprivation therapy, according to the recommendations of the European Association of Urology. Ki67, a commercially available monoclonal antibody that reacts with a nuclear antigen detected only in proliferating cells, is used to assess immunohistochemical changes. CD68 is a valuable cytochemical marker for immunostaining of monocytes/macrophages during histochemical analysis of tissues in inflammation, cancer and other immunohistopathological purposes. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the proliferative activity and differentiation of progenitor cells through the expression of Ki67 and CD68+ monocyte sprouting of RBM under chemical castration of central origin in male rats caused by the administration of triptorelin solution with quercetin addition to the diet for one year.

Laparoscopic gynecology has been used worldwide over the last few decades. Many surgical interventions previously performed laparotomically use minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques. Gynecological diseases often occur with other pathologies of internal organs that require surgical treatment. Simultaneous interventions have numerical advantages compared to traditional methods of surgical treatment. As a result of the analyzed clinical data of the conducted research, it can be stated that the simultaneous operations performed to solve gynecological and general surgical pathologies had a course similar to traditional surgical interventions. No cases of development of complications or adverse events were recorded. All patients received the maximum possible amount of treatment with the elimination of more pathological processes, which significantly improved their quality of life.

Premature discharge of amniotic fluid creates conditions for ascending infection of the placenta, fetus and newborn, disruption of uteroplacental blood circulation with the subsequent development of fetal distress. The placenta is one of the first barriers that help limit exposure to harmful substances. Dysfunction of the placenta can contribute to complications that increase the morbidity and mortality of both the fetus and the newborn. The study aimed to determine the morphological features of the placenta in case of premature discharge of amniotic fluid. Ninety placentas of women with the premature and timely discharge of amniotic fluid were examined using a standardized method of organo- and morphometry. In 42% of cases, there was a central attachment of the umbilical cord, in 35% (24/69) – lateral and in 1% – membrane. The length of the umbilical cord was 61.6±8.3 cm, and the distance from the place of the membranes to the edge of the placenta was 14.36±3.8 cm. In 41% (28/69) placentas, the course of the vessels was main, in 40% (27/69), it was mixed and in 20% (14/69) dispersed. The intervillous space with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid was empty in only three observation cases (4%). In other cases (96%), it is uneven, in some places sharply narrowed, up to its complete disappearance (the focus of acute infarction). In 10 observations (15%), the intervillous space was centrally expanded with the accumulation of blood and the formation of haemorrhages. In others, it is filled with single erythrocytes and exfoliated syncytial elements. In 8 observations (12%) in the intervillous space, single and concentrated accumulations of segmented nuclear leukocytes were found - focal intervillitis. Early signs of "ageing" of the placenta with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid and disruption of uteroplacental blood flow were revealed. The presence of "infarctions" of the placenta, partial thrombosis, and uneven blood vessels contributed to a synchronous i

The amniotic sac and amniotic membranes are of great importance in the release of childbirth activity, the biomechanism of childbirth, as a factor that contributes to the physiological processes of smoothing and opening of the cervix. We studied the changes in the morphological structure of 30 amniotic membranes during premature rupture and 10 during timely rupture. A clinical-morphological study with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes was carried out taking into account changes in the vaginal discharge depending on the duration of the waterless interval. In contrast to membranes with premature spillage of amniotic fluid, with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes near their edge, pronounced swelling of all elements of the membranes is noted. With premature discharge of amniotic fluid and a minimal waterless interval, degenerative changes in the membranes in women with premature rupture occur much earlier. Destruction of epithelial cells and their degenerative changes were observed in the amnion. There is no clear border between the amnion and the smooth chorion. With a waterless interval of 8 or more hours, parietal deciduitis develops first, then chorioamnionitis. Placental basal and septal deciduitis and less often intervillosis join. When the water-free period increased for more than 10 hours, dystrophic changes of the epithelium were noted, marked transformation into a continuous cuticular formation. The detected changes in the amnion and chorion, with a minimal waterless interval, are characterized by the destruction of epithelial cells, degenerative changes, the absence of a clear border between the amnion and the chorion, changes in the intercellular space, swelling and thickening of the walls of blood vessels, which suggests that with their premature rupture, the most characteristic degenerative-dystrophic changes. Inflammatory reaction is joined when the waterless interval is lengthened.

States. Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of testosterone deficiency in the gonads in the 1940s and thus confirmed the concept that prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main palliative treatment for men with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, with the goal of reducing testosterone levels to the level obtained by surgical castration. The long-term chemical castration with triptorelin acetate leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in monocytic sprout cells at all levels of differentiation and proliferation with a complementary reaction of microenvironmental cells. The maximum quantitative changes in monocyte cells were observed at the 3rd month of the study, followed by a gradual recovery to the control group. Changes in the microenvironment cells: macrophages and reticular cells, were characterized by a stable reaction in the early stages of the study in the form of a decrease in the number and ratio of NSCs, with subsequent recovery of quantitative and qualitative changes to the level of the control group of animals. The adipocyte reacts at all stages of the study with a steady increase in quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

Aseptic inflammation as the essential link in the pathogenesis of endometrioid disease. Orlova Yu.A., Hromova A.M., Ketova O.M., Liakhovska T.Yu., Martynenko V.B., Krutikova E.I. The paper was aimed at deter mination of the quantitative activity of iNOS and Arg1, as well as M1 and M2 phenotype macrophages in women with endometrioid disease to establish their role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. A prospective study was performed in gynecological units of the medical facilities of Poltava city. 140 women of reproductive age who made up the main group (110 women with endometrioid disease) and the control group (30 women without endometrioid disease) voluntarily participated in the study. All women underwent planned surgical treatment for existing gynecological pathology. Before surgical treatment, women were examined in accordance with the current Orders of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the enzymatic markers of macrophages (in the endometrium and peritoneal fluid) polarized into M1(iNOS) and M2 (Arg1) phenotypes. The type of macrophages was determined individually in each patient according to the ratios: in iNOS>Arg1, the M1 macrophage type prevailed; in Arg1>iNOS, the M2 macrophage type prevailed. When examining endometrial samplings in women from the main group, the iNOS indicator was by 1.4 times higher compared to women from the control group. The obtained results at the stage of entry into the abdominal cavity showed that mostly women from the main group suffered from the pelvic adhesion, especially stage 3 and stage 4. Among the obtained results, the increased quantitative activity in the peritoneal fluid of both iNOS and Arg1 in women of the main group was significant compared to the control group. When comparing the stages of endometrioid disease to the rates of quantitative activity of macrophage enzyme markers (in peritoneal fluid), it was found that the increase in the stage of the dise

The amniotic sac and amniotic membranes are of great importance in the release of childbirth activity, the biomechanism of childbirth, as a factor that contributes to the physiological processes of smoothing and opening of the cervix. We studied the changes in the morphological structure of 30 amniotic membranes during premature rupture and 10 during timely rupture. A clinical-morphological study with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes was carried out taking into account changes in the vaginal discharge depending on the duration of the waterless interval. In contrast to membranes with premature spillage of amniotic fluid, with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes near their edge, pronounced swelling of all elements of the membranes is noted. With premature discharge of amniotic fluid and a minimal waterless interval, degenerative changes in the membranes in women with premature rupture occur much earlier. Destruction of epithelial cells and their degenerative changes were observed in the amnion. There is no clear border between the amnion and the smooth chorion. With a waterless interval of 8 or more hours, parietal deciduitis develops first, then chorioamnionitis. Placental basal and septal deciduitis and less often intervillosis join. When the water-free period increased for more than 10 hours, dystrophic changes of the epithelium were noted, marked transformation into a continuous cuticular formation. The detected changes in the amnion and chorion, with a minimal waterless interval, are characterized by the destruction of epithelial cells, degenerative changes, the absence of a clear border between the amnion and the chorion, changes in the intercellular space, swelling and thickening of the walls of blood vessels, which suggests that with their premature rupture, the most characteristic degenerative-dystrophic changes. Inflammatory reaction is joined when the waterless interval is lengthened.

Laparoscopic gynecology has been used worldwide over the last few decades. Many surgical interventions previously performed laparotomically use minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques. Gynecological diseases often occur with other pathologies of internal organs that require surgical treatment. Simultaneous interventions have numerical advantages compared to traditional methods of surgical treatment. As a result of the analyzed clinical data of the conducted research, it can be stated that the simultaneous operations performed to solve gynecological and general surgical pathologies had a course similar to traditional surgical interventions. No cases of development of complications or adverse events were recorded. All patients received the maximum possible amount of treatment with the elimination of more pathological processes, which significantly improved their quality of life.

Premature discharge of amniotic fluid creates conditions for ascending infection of the placenta, fetus and newborn, disruption of uteroplacental blood circulation with the subsequent development of fetal distress. The placenta is one of the first barriers that help limit exposure to harmful substances. Dysfunction of the placenta can contribute to complications that increase the morbidity and mortality of both the fetus and the newborn. The study aimed to determine the morphological features of the placenta in case of premature discharge of amniotic fluid. Ninety placentas of women with the premature and timely discharge of amniotic fluid were examined using a standardized method of organo- and morphometry. In 42% of cases, there was a central attachment of the umbilical cord, in 35% (24/69) – lateral and in 1% – membrane. The length of the umbilical cord was 61.6±8.3 cm, and the distance from the place of the membranes to the edge of the placenta was 14.36±3.8 cm. In 41% (28/69) placentas, the course of the vessels was main, in 40% (27/69), it was mixed and in 20% (14/69) dispersed. The intervillous space with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid was empty in only three observation cases (4%). In other cases (96%), it is uneven, in some places sharply narrowed, up to its complete disappearance (the focus of acute infarction). In 10 observations (15%), the intervillous space was centrally expanded with the accumulation of blood and the formation of haemorrhages. In others, it is filled with single erythrocytes and exfoliated syncytial elements. In 8 observations (12%) in the intervillous space, single and concentrated accumulations of segmented nuclear leukocytes were found - focal intervillitis. Early signs of "ageing" of the placenta with the premature discharge of amniotic fluid and disruption of uteroplacental blood flow were revealed. The presence of "infarctions" of the placenta, partial thrombosis, and uneven blood vessels contributed to a synchronous i

States. Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of testosterone deficiency in the gonads in the 1940s and thus confirmed the concept that prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main palliative treatment for men with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, with the goal of reducing testosterone levels to the level obtained by surgical castration. The long-term chemical castration with triptorelin acetate leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in monocytic sprout cells at all levels of differentiation and proliferation with a complementary reaction of microenvironmental cells. The maximum quantitative changes in monocyte cells were observed at the 3rd month of the study, followed by a gradual recovery to the control group. Changes in the microenvironment cells: macrophages and reticular cells, were characterized by a stable reaction in the early stages of the study in the form of a decrease in the number and ratio of NSCs, with subsequent recovery of quantitative and qualitative changes to the level of the control group of animals. The adipocyte reacts at all stages of the study with a steady increase in quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

Red bone marrow (RBM) is the main organ of human haemopoiesis. Monocytopoiesis plays an important role in the formation of transitional states: from normal to pathology and in the transformation of pathological processes from one stage to another. In modern urological practice, the substance triptorelin is widely used for androgen deprivation therapy, according to the recommendations of the European Association of Urology. Ki67, a commercially available monoclonal antibody that reacts with a nuclear antigen detected only in proliferating cells, is used to assess immunohistochemical changes. CD68 is a valuable cytochemical marker for immunostaining of monocytes/macrophages during histochemical analysis of tissues in inflammation, cancer and other immunohistopathological purposes. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the proliferative activity and differentiation of progenitor cells through the expression of Ki67 and CD68+ monocyte sprouting of RBM under chemical castration of central origin in male rats caused by the administration of triptorelin solution with quercetin addition to the diet for one year.

Laparoscopic gynecology has been used worldwide over the last few decades. Many surgical interventions previously performed laparotomically use minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques. Gynecological diseases often occur with other pathologies of internal organs that require surgical treatment. Simultaneous interventions have numerical advantages compared to traditional methods of surgical treatment. As a result of the analyzed clinical data of the conducted research, it can be stated that the simultaneous operations performed to solve gynecological and general surgical pathologies had a course similar to traditional surgical interventions. No cases of development of complications or adverse events were recorded. All patients received the maximum possible amount of treatment with the elimination of more pathological processes, which significantly improved their quality of life.

The aim: To assess the CSF – 1 level in peritoneal fluid and menstrual blood of women with endometrioid disease and to investigate its diagnostic and prognostic specificity. Materials and methods: The study included 80 women of child-bearing age (mean age 30.95 ± 6.49 years) with benign gynaecological pathology of the ovaries and / or fallopian tubes. The women included in the study were divided into two groups: study group (n = 50, mean age 31.04 ± 6.3 years), consisting of patients with confirmed endometrioid disease, and control group (n = 30, mean age 30.8 ± 6.8 years), involving individuals without signs of endometriosis (p> 0.05). Results: We have found significantly higher level of CSF-1 content in the peritoneal fluid in the subjects of the study group (2027.05 ± 732.64 pg / ml) compared with those in the control group (1725.62 ± 466.06 pg / ml) (p = 0.029). There is a tendency towards an increase in CSF-1 level in women with endometriosis in its more severe stages and more severe and extended adhesions. The investigation of CSF-1 content in menstrual blood has demonstrated significant increase in its values in the women of the study group (9431.6 ± 2866.22 pg / ml) compared with the values in the control group (6637.12 ± 954.05 pg / ml), (p = 0.00004). Thus, there is a tendency towards the growth in CSF-1 level in peritoneal fluid and menstrual blood in women with endometriosis and concurrent increase in severity of the disease. Conclusions: There has been found significant increase in CSF-1 content in women with endometrioid disease in both peritoneal fluid and menstrual blood (1.2 and 1.4 times, respectively). Thus, macrophage growth factor (CSF-1) can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic criterion in evaluating the progression of endomertioid disease

Ki67 is not only one of the markers of proliferation, but also an indirect determinant of the rate of cell division. CD68 is exploited as a valuable cytochemical marker to immunostain monocyte/macrophages in the histochemical analysis of inflamed tissues, tumor tissues, and other immunohistopathological applications. The purpose of the study was to determine the cell proliferation index of the monocytic line of red bone marrow using antibodies to CD68+ and Ki-67 in the control and intact groups of animals. There were established an equivalent degree of proliferative activity by progenitor cells with Ki-67 expression in the control and intact groups.

Ki67 is not only one of the markers of proliferation, but also an indirect determinant of the rate of cell division. CD68 is exploited as a valuable cytochemical marker to immunostain monocyte/macrophages in the histochemical analysis of inflamed tissues, tumor tissues, and other immunohistopathological applications. The purpose of the study was to determine the cell proliferation index of the monocytic line of red bone marrow using antibodies to CD68+ and Ki-67 in the control and intact groups of animals. There were established an equivalent degree of proliferative activity by progenitor cells with Ki-67 expression in the control and intact groups.

Ki67 is not only one of the markers of proliferation, but also an indirect determinant of the rate of cell division. CD68 is exploited as a valuable cytochemical marker to immunostain monocyte/macrophages in the histochemical analysis of inflamed tissues, tumor tissues, and other immunohistopathological applications. The purpose of the study was to determine the cell proliferation index of the monocytic line of red bone marrow using antibodies to CD68+ and Ki-67 in the control and intact groups of animals. There were established an equivalent degree of proliferative activity by progenitor cells with Ki-67 expression in the control and intact groups.

Ki67 is not only one of the markers of proliferation, but also an indirect determinant of the rate of cell division. CD68 is exploited as a valuable cytochemical marker to immunostain monocyte/macrophages in the histochemical analysis of inflamed tissues, tumor tissues, and other immunohistopathological applications. The purpose of the study was to determine the cell proliferation index of the monocytic line of red bone marrow using antibodies to CD68+ and Ki-67 in the control and intact groups of animals. There were established an equivalent degree of proliferative activity by progenitor cells with Ki-67 expression in the control and intact groups.

Ki67 is not only one of the markers of proliferation, but also an indirect determinant of the rate of cell division. CD68 is exploited as a valuable cytochemical marker to immunostain monocyte/macrophages in the histochemical analysis of inflamed tissues, tumor tissues, and other immunohistopathological applications. The purpose of the study was to determine the cell proliferation index of the monocytic line of red bone marrow using antibodies to CD68+ and Ki-67 in the control and intact groups of animals. There were established an equivalent degree of proliferative activity by progenitor cells with Ki-67 expression in the control and intact groups.

Ki67 is not only one of the markers of proliferation, but also an indirect determinant of the rate of cell division. CD68 is exploited as a valuable cytochemical marker to immunostain monocyte/macrophages in the histochemical analysis of inflamed tissues, tumor tissues, and other immunohistopathological applications. The purpose of the study was to determine the cell proliferation index of the monocytic line of red bone marrow using antibodies to CD68+ and Ki-67 in the control and intact groups of animals. There were established an equivalent degree of proliferative activity by progenitor cells with Ki-67 expression in the control and intact groups.

The aim: To assess the CSF – 1 level in peritoneal fluid and menstrual blood of women with endometrioid disease and to investigate its diagnostic and prognostic specificity. Materials and methods: The study included 80 women of child-bearing age (mean age 30.95 ± 6.49 years) with benign gynaecological pathology of the ovaries and / or fallopian tubes. The women included in the study were divided into two groups: study group (n = 50, mean age 31.04 ± 6.3 years), consisting of patients with confirmed endometrioid disease, and control group (n = 30, mean age 30.8 ± 6.8 years), involving individuals without signs of endometriosis (p> 0.05). Results: We have found significantly higher level of CSF-1 content in the peritoneal fluid in the subjects of the study group (2027.05 ± 732.64 pg / ml) compared with those in the control group (1725.62 ± 466.06 pg / ml) (p = 0.029). There is a tendency towards an increase in CSF-1 level in women with endometriosis in its more severe stages and more severe and extended adhesions. The investigation of CSF-1 content in menstrual blood has demonstrated significant increase in its values in the women of the study group (9431.6 ± 2866.22 pg / ml) compared with the values in the control group (6637.12 ± 954.05 pg / ml), (p = 0.00004). Thus, there is a tendency towards the growth in CSF-1 level in peritoneal fluid and menstrual blood in women with endometriosis and concurrent increase in severity of the disease. Conclusions: There has been found significant increase in CSF-1 content in women with endometrioid disease in both peritoneal fluid and menstrual blood (1.2 and 1.4 times, respectively). Thus, macrophage growth factor (CSF-1) can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic criterion in evaluating the progression of endomertioid disease

The aim: To assess the CSF – 1 level in peritoneal fluid and menstrual blood of women with endometrioid disease and to investigate its diagnostic and prognostic specificity. Materials and methods: The study included 80 women of child-bearing age (mean age 30.95 ± 6.49 years) with benign gynaecological pathology of the ovaries and / or fallopian tubes. The women included in the study were divided into two groups: study group (n = 50, mean age 31.04 ± 6.3 years), consisting of patients with confirmed endometrioid disease, and control group (n = 30, mean age 30.8 ± 6.8 years), involving individuals without signs of endometriosis (p> 0.05). Results: We have found significantly higher level of CSF-1 content in the peritoneal fluid in the subjects of the study group (2027.05 ± 732.64 pg / ml) compared with those in the control group (1725.62 ± 466.06 pg / ml) (p = 0.029). There is a tendency towards an increase in CSF-1 level in women with endometriosis in its more severe stages and more severe and extended adhesions. The investigation of CSF-1 content in menstrual blood has demonstrated significant increase in its values in the women of the study group (9431.6 ± 2866.22 pg / ml) compared with the values in the control group (6637.12 ± 954.05 pg / ml), (p = 0.00004). Thus, there is a tendency towards the growth in CSF-1 level in peritoneal fluid and menstrual blood in women with endometriosis and concurrent increase in severity of the disease. Conclusions: There has been found significant increase in CSF-1 content in women with endometrioid disease in both peritoneal fluid and menstrual blood (1.2 and 1.4 times, respectively). Thus, macrophage growth factor (CSF-1) can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic criterion in evaluating the progression of endomertioid disease

Ki67 is not only one of the markers of proliferation, but also an indirect determinant of the rate of cell division. CD68 is exploited as a valuable cytochemical marker to immunostain monocyte/macrophages in the histochemical analysis of inflamed tissues, tumor tissues, and other immunohistopathological applications. The purpose of the study was to determine the cell proliferation index of the monocytic line of red bone marrow using antibodies to CD68+ and Ki-67 in the control and intact groups of animals. There were established an equivalent degree of proliferative activity by progenitor cells with Ki-67 expression in the control and intact groups.

Ki67 is not only one of the markers of proliferation, but also an indirect determinant of the rate of cell division. CD68 is exploited as a valuable cytochemical marker to immunostain monocyte/macrophages in the histochemical analysis of inflamed tissues, tumor tissues, and other immunohistopathological applications. The purpose of the study was to determine the cell proliferation index of the monocytic line of red bone marrow using antibodies to CD68+ and Ki-67 in the control and intact groups of animals. There were established an equivalent degree of proliferative activity by progenitor cells with Ki-67 expression in the control and intact groups.

Ki67 is not only one of the markers of proliferation, but also an indirect determinant of the rate of cell division. CD68 is exploited as a valuable cytochemical marker to immunostain monocyte/macrophages in the histochemical analysis of inflamed tissues, tumor tissues, and other immunohistopathological applications. The purpose of the study was to determine the cell proliferation index of the monocytic line of red bone marrow using antibodies to CD68+ and Ki-67 in the control and intact groups of animals. There were established an equivalent degree of proliferative activity by progenitor cells with Ki-67 expression in the control and intact groups.