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BACKGROUND: Recent changes in the infant feeding guidelines for women living with HIV from high-income countries recommend a more supportive approach focusing on shared decision-making. Limited information is available on the infant feeding knowledge of women living with HIV and how healthcare providers engage with them in this context. This multicenter, longitudinal, mixed methods study aims to get a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of infant feeding knowledge among women living with HIV of Nordic and non-Nordic origin living in Nordic countries, and their interaction with healthcare providers regarding infant feeding planning. METHODS: Pregnant women living with HIV in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden were recruited in 2019-2020. The Positive Attitudes Concerning Infant Feeding (PACIFY) questionnaire was completed in the 3rd trimester (T1), three (T2), and six (T3) months postpartum. Women who completed the quantitative survey were also invited to participate in qualitative semi-structured interviews at T1 and T3. Results from the survey and interviews were brought together through merging to assess for concordance, complementarity, expansion, or discordance between the datasets and to draw meta-inferences. RESULTS: In total, 44 women living with HIV completed the survey, of whom 31 also participated in the interviews. The merged analyses identified two overarching domains: Knowledge about breastfeeding in the U = U era and Communications with healthcare providers. The women expressed confusion about breastfeeding in the context of undetectable equals untransmittable (U = U). Women of Nordic origin were more unsure about whether breastfeeding was possible in the context of U = U than women of non-Nordic origin. Increased postpartum monitoring with monthly testing of the mother was not seen as a barrier to breastfeeding, but concerns were found regarding infant testing and infant ART exposure. Infant feeding discussions with healthcare providers were welcome

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) other than anaplastic large-cell lymphoma are rare in children, and the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has not been clarified yet. In a retrospective analysis of registry-data of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation we analyzed 55 patients aged < 18 years who received allogeneic (N = 46) or autologous (N = 9) HSCT for PTCL. Median age at HSCT was 13.9 years; 33 patients (60%) were in first remission, and 6 (19%) in progression at HSCT. Conditioning was myeloablative in 87% of the allogeneic HSCTs and in 27 (58.7%) based on total body irradiation. After allogeneic HSCT the 5-year overall- and progression-free survival was 58.9% (95% CI 42.7-71.9) and 52.6% (95% CI 36.8-66.1), respectively. 5-year relapse incidence was 27.6% (95% CI 15.1-41.6), the non-relapse mortality rate was 19.8% (95% CI 9.7-32.6). Five of the six patients with progression at HSCT died. Seven of nine patients after autologous HSCT were alive and disease-free at last follow-up. Our data suggest a role of allogeneic HSCT in consolidation-treatment of patients with high-risk disease, who reach at least partial remission after primary- or relapse-therapy, whereas patients with therapy-refractory or progressive disease prior to transplantation do not profit from HSCT.

Objectives: Paediatric Burkitt's lymphoma (pBL) is the most common childhood non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. Despite the encouraging survival rates for most children, treating cases with relapse/resistance to current therapies remains challenging. CD38 is a transmembrane protein highly expressed in pBL. This study investigates the effectiveness of CD38-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), daratumumab and isatuximab, in impairing crucial cellular processes and survival pathways in pBL malignant cells. Methods: In silico analyses of patient samples, combined with in vitro experiments using the Ramos cell line, were conducted to assess the impact of daratumumab and isatuximab on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Results: Isatuximab was found to be more effective than daratumumab in disrupting B-cell receptor signalling, reducing cellular proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Additionally, isatuximab caused a significant impairment of the PI3K pathway and induced metabolic reprogramming in pBL cells. The study also revealed a correlation between CD38 and MYC expression levels in pBL patient samples, suggesting CD38 involvement in key oncogenic processes. Conclusion: The study emphasises the therapeutic potential of CD38-targeting mAbs, particularly isatuximab, in pBL., CC BY 4.0© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical & Translational Immunology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology, Inc.Correspondence Address: A. Camponeschi; Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; email: alessandro.camponeschi@gu.seThis work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2018-03128), the Swedish Cancer Foundation (19 0464), the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund (PR2018-0170, PR2020-0147), Assar Gabrielsson’s Foundation (FB21-104, FB22-70, BGR23-03), Reumatikerförbundet, ALF (agreement between the Swedish government and the county council), Kungl. Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhället, Adlerbertska stiftelsen, Stiftelsen Apotekare Hedbergs fond för medicinsk forskning, Åke Wibergs Stiftelse, Lundgrens Stiftelse, Göteborgsregionens Stiftelse för Reumatologisk Forskning and Ingabritt och Arne Lundbergs Forskningsstiftelse. The German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG]) through TRR130 to MR and Roche Innovation Center Zurich.

BACKGROUND: Recent changes in the infant feeding guidelines for women living with HIV from high-income countries recommend a more supportive approach focusing on shared decision-making. Limited information is available on the infant feeding knowledge of women living with HIV and how healthcare providers engage with them in this context. This multicenter, longitudinal, mixed methods study aims to get a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of infant feeding knowledge among women living with HIV of Nordic and non-Nordic origin living in Nordic countries, and their interaction with healthcare providers regarding infant feeding planning. METHODS: Pregnant women living with HIV in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden were recruited in 2019-2020. The Positive Attitudes Concerning Infant Feeding (PACIFY) questionnaire was completed in the 3rd trimester (T1), three (T2), and six (T3) months postpartum. Women who completed the quantitative survey were also invited to participate in qualitative semi-structured interviews at T1 and T3. Results from the survey and interviews were brought together through merging to assess for concordance, complementarity, expansion, or discordance between the datasets and to draw meta-inferences. RESULTS: In total, 44 women living with HIV completed the survey, of whom 31 also participated in the interviews. The merged analyses identified two overarching domains: Knowledge about breastfeeding in the U = U era and Communications with healthcare providers. The women expressed confusion about breastfeeding in the context of undetectable equals untransmittable (U = U). Women of Nordic origin were more unsure about whether breastfeeding was possible in the context of U = U than women of non-Nordic origin. Increased postpartum monitoring with monthly testing of the mother was not seen as a barrier to breastfeeding, but concerns were found regarding infant testing and infant ART exposure. Infant feeding discussions with healthcare providers were welcome

Objectives: Paediatric Burkitt's lymphoma (pBL) is the most common childhood non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. Despite the encouraging survival rates for most children, treating cases with relapse/resistance to current therapies remains challenging. CD38 is a transmembrane protein highly expressed in pBL. This study investigates the effectiveness of CD38-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), daratumumab and isatuximab, in impairing crucial cellular processes and survival pathways in pBL malignant cells. Methods: In silico analyses of patient samples, combined with in vitro experiments using the Ramos cell line, were conducted to assess the impact of daratumumab and isatuximab on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Results: Isatuximab was found to be more effective than daratumumab in disrupting B-cell receptor signalling, reducing cellular proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Additionally, isatuximab caused a significant impairment of the PI3K pathway and induced metabolic reprogramming in pBL cells. The study also revealed a correlation between CD38 and MYC expression levels in pBL patient samples, suggesting CD38 involvement in key oncogenic processes. Conclusion: The study emphasises the therapeutic potential of CD38-targeting mAbs, particularly isatuximab, in pBL., CC BY 4.0© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical & Translational Immunology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology, Inc.Correspondence Address: A. Camponeschi; Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; email: alessandro.camponeschi@gu.seThis work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2018-03128), the Swedish Cancer Foundation (19 0464), the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund (PR2018-0170, PR2020-0147), Assar Gabrielsson’s Foundation (FB21-104, FB22-70, BGR23-03), Reumatikerförbundet, ALF (agreement between the Swedish government and the county council), Kungl. Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhället, Adlerbertska stiftelsen, Stiftelsen Apotekare Hedbergs fond för medicinsk forskning, Åke Wibergs Stiftelse, Lundgrens Stiftelse, Göteborgsregionens Stiftelse för Reumatologisk Forskning and Ingabritt och Arne Lundbergs Forskningsstiftelse. The German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG]) through TRR130 to MR and Roche Innovation Center Zurich.

Det här arbetet undersöker hur visuella kommunikationstekniker kan öka förståelsen för kontorslokaler och deras potential utan fysisk närvaro på platsen. Genom tvådimensionella representationer analyseras hur olika visualiseringar informerar om lokalernas uppbyggnad och möjligheter ur användarens perspektiv. Metoderna som använts är omvärldsanalys, fotoelicitering och prototyptest. Detta för att skapa en uppfattning om kontext samt användarnas preferenser och åsikter. Resultaten visar att en kombination av visualiseringar spelar en avgörande roll för att effektivt förmedla kontorslokalers utformning och potential. I arbete presenteras ett designförslag på hur detta skulle kunna se ut. Målet med designförslaget och detta arbete är att minska risken för missförstånd och att lokaler står outnyttjade, samt främja en mer effektiv användning av arbetsmiljöer., This study investigates how visual communication techniques can enhance the understanding of office spaces and their potential without physical presence in the location. Through two-dimensional representations, different visualizations are analyzed for how they inform about the layout and opportunities of the spaces from the user's perspective. The methods used are market analysis, photo elicitation, and prototype testing. This is done to create an understanding of the context as well as users’ preferences and opinions. The results show that a combination of visualizations plays a crucial role in effectively conveying the design and potential of office spaces. The work presents a design proposal on how this could be implemented. The goal of the design proposal and this study is to reduce the risk of misunderstandings and underutilized spaces, and to promote a more efficient use of work environments.

Objectives: Paediatric Burkitt's lymphoma (pBL) is the most common childhood non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. Despite the encouraging survival rates for most children, treating cases with relapse/resistance to current therapies remains challenging. CD38 is a transmembrane protein highly expressed in pBL. This study investigates the effectiveness of CD38-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), daratumumab and isatuximab, in impairing crucial cellular processes and survival pathways in pBL malignant cells. Methods: In silico analyses of patient samples, combined with in vitro experiments using the Ramos cell line, were conducted to assess the impact of daratumumab and isatuximab on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Results: Isatuximab was found to be more effective than daratumumab in disrupting B-cell receptor signalling, reducing cellular proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Additionally, isatuximab caused a significant impairment of the PI3K pathway and induced metabolic reprogramming in pBL cells. The study also revealed a correlation between CD38 and MYC expression levels in pBL patient samples, suggesting CD38 involvement in key oncogenic processes. Conclusion: The study emphasises the therapeutic potential of CD38-targeting mAbs, particularly isatuximab, in pBL., CC BY 4.0© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical & Translational Immunology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology, Inc.Correspondence Address: A. Camponeschi; Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; email: alessandro.camponeschi@gu.seThis work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2018-03128), the Swedish Cancer Foundation (19 0464), the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund (PR2018-0170, PR2020-0147), Assar Gabrielsson’s Foundation (FB21-104, FB22-70, BGR23-03), Reumatikerförbundet, ALF (agreement between the Swedish government and the county council), Kungl. Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhället, Adlerbertska stiftelsen, Stiftelsen Apotekare Hedbergs fond för medicinsk forskning, Åke Wibergs Stiftelse, Lundgrens Stiftelse, Göteborgsregionens Stiftelse för Reumatologisk Forskning and Ingabritt och Arne Lundbergs Forskningsstiftelse. The German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG]) through TRR130 to MR and Roche Innovation Center Zurich.

PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of metformin and lifestyle intervention on metabolic, inflammatory, and steroid biomarkers of breast cancer (BC) recurrence risk in two intervention trials among BC survivors with overweight or obesity. METHODS: Baseline and follow-up serum samples collected during the two trials were analyzed and data pooled. The USA trial (Reach for Health) included postmenopausal BC survivors (n = 333) randomly assigned to 6-month metformin vs placebo and lifestyle intervention (LSI) vs control (2 × 2 factorial design). The Italian trial (MetBreCS) included BC survivors (n = 40) randomized to 12-month metformin vs placebo. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adipokines, cytokines, and steroids were measured. RESULTS: Metformin compared to placebo showed a favorable decrease in leptin (- 8.8 vs - 3.5 ng/mL; p < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (- 0.48 vs - 0.25; p = 0.03), and an increase in SHBG (2.80 vs 1.45 nmol/L; p < 0.01). Excluding women taking aromatase inhibitors, metformin (n = 84) compared to placebo (n = 99) decreased estradiol (- 4 vs 0 pmol/L; p < 0.01), estrone (- 8 vs 2 pmol/L; p < 0.01) and testosterone (- 0.1 vs 0 nmol/L-; p = 0.02). LSI favorably affected adiponectin (0.45 vs - 0.06 ug/mL; p < 0.01), leptin (- 10.5 vs - 4.4 ng/mL; p < 0.01), HOMA-IR (- 0.6 vs 0.2; p = 0.03), and SHBG (2.7 vs 1.1 nMol/L; p = 0.04) compared to controls. The strongest impact was observed combining metformin with LSI on adipokines, CRP, SHBG, and estrogens. CONCLUSIONS: Supportive healthy lifestyle programs combined with metformin to achieve maximal risk reduction among BC cancer survivors are recommended, especially for those with obesity in menopause.

Tamoxifen is widely used in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The polymorphic enzyme CYP2D6 is primarily responsible for metabolic activation of tamoxifen, resulting in substantial interindividual variability of plasma concentrations of its most important metabolite, Z-endoxifen. The Z-endoxifen concentration thresholds below which tamoxifen treatment is less efficacious have been proposed but not validated, and prospective trials of individualized tamoxifen treatment to achieve Z-endoxifen concentration thresholds are considered infeasible. Therefore, we aim to validate the association between Z-endoxifen concentration and tamoxifen treatment outcomes, and identify a Z-endoxifen concentration threshold of tamoxifen efficacy, using pharmacometric modeling and simulation. As a first step, the CYP2D6 Endoxifen Percentage Activity Model (CEPAM) cohort was created by pooling data from 28 clinical studies (> 7,000 patients) with measured endoxifen plasma concentrations. After cleaning, data from 6,083 patients were used to develop a nonlinear mixed-effect (NLME) model for tamoxifen and Z-endoxifen pharmacokinetics that includes a conversion factor to allow inclusion of studies that measured total endoxifen but not Z-endoxifen. The final parent-metabolite NLME model confirmed the primary role of CYP2D6, and contributions from body weight, CYP2C9 phenotype, and co-medication with CYP2D6 inhibitors, on Z-endoxifen pharmacokinetics. Future work will use the model to simulate Z-endoxifen concentrations in patients receiving single agent tamoxifen treatment within large prospective clinical trials with long-term survival to identify the Z-endoxifen concentration threshold below which tamoxifen is less efficacious. Identification of this concentration threshold would allow personalized tamoxifen treatment to improve outcomes in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

Purpose To elucidate mealtime experiences of children hospitalized with a malignant or severe non-malignant disorder —and their parents—after a gastrostomy tube insertion. Methods A qualitative design involving a child-centred care approach was used. Parents of children aged 1–18 years old who had received a gastrostomy tube during treatment for a malignant or non-malignant disorder were included, as were the children themselves when aged 5–18 years old. Semi-structured interviews with 21 families were carried out and a thematic analysis performed. Results The findings were presented in four themes: changed meal conditions, a troublesome sensory dimension, aggravating obstacles and solving the unmanageable. Hospitalization involves challenges regarding environmental aspects, hospital food and side effects, contributing to impaired nutritional intake and aggravated mealtime situations. Conclusions Hospital environment and hospital food have a profound impact on children's nutritional intake and mealtime situations. In addition, sensory aspects and side effects aggravate the child's motivation to eat, resulting in demanding meals. The families described a gastrostomy tube as a valuable strategy for improving mealtime situations.

This study investigates public perceptions regarding the prioritization of different areas of police work in Sweden amid growing concerns over crime and public safety. Utilizing a best–worst scaling (BWS) approach, the research aims to discern which police activities citizens deem most and least important, thereby shedding light on public expectations for police resource allocation. The findings reveal a strong public emphasis on the importance of responding to emergency calls and addressing gang criminality. Conversely, administrative tasks and traffic safety are viewed as lower priorities. The article offers insights into the alignment (or misalignment) between public expectations and police practices, emphasizing the role of public opinion in shaping police strategies and the importance of balancing crime fighting with social service functions to maintain public trust and legitimacy in law enforcement.

Purpose To elucidate mealtime experiences of children hospitalized with a malignant or severe non-malignant disorder —and their parents—after a gastrostomy tube insertion. Methods A qualitative design involving a child-centred care approach was used. Parents of children aged 1–18 years old who had received a gastrostomy tube during treatment for a malignant or non-malignant disorder were included, as were the children themselves when aged 5–18 years old. Semi-structured interviews with 21 families were carried out and a thematic analysis performed. Results The findings were presented in four themes: changed meal conditions, a troublesome sensory dimension, aggravating obstacles and solving the unmanageable. Hospitalization involves challenges regarding environmental aspects, hospital food and side effects, contributing to impaired nutritional intake and aggravated mealtime situations. Conclusions Hospital environment and hospital food have a profound impact on children's nutritional intake and mealtime situations. In addition, sensory aspects and side effects aggravate the child's motivation to eat, resulting in demanding meals. The families described a gastrostomy tube as a valuable strategy for improving mealtime situations.

This study investigates public perceptions regarding the prioritization of different areas of police work in Sweden amid growing concerns over crime and public safety. Utilizing a best–worst scaling (BWS) approach, the research aims to discern which police activities citizens deem most and least important, thereby shedding light on public expectations for police resource allocation. The findings reveal a strong public emphasis on the importance of responding to emergency calls and addressing gang criminality. Conversely, administrative tasks and traffic safety are viewed as lower priorities. The article offers insights into the alignment (or misalignment) between public expectations and police practices, emphasizing the role of public opinion in shaping police strategies and the importance of balancing crime fighting with social service functions to maintain public trust and legitimacy in law enforcement.

Funding Agencies|Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund; Swedish Intensive Care

Background: The recommendation of breastfeeding avoidance for women living with HIV in high-income settings may be influenced by cultural beliefs and come at an emotional cost. This multicenter, longitudinal, convergent mixed methods study aimed to compare differences in attitudes, concerns, and experiences surrounding breastfeeding in women living with HIV of Nordic and non-Nordic origin. Setting: High-income setting. Methods: Pregnant women living with HIV in the Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, and Sweden were recruited in 2019–2020. Quantitative data on attitudes surrounding infant feeding were assessed using the Positive Attitudes Concerning Infant Feeding questionnaire completed in the third trimester (T1), and 3 (T2) and 6 (T3) months postpartum. Women who completed the survey were also invited to participate in semistructured interviews at T1 and T3. The findings from the quantitative survey and qualitative interviews were brought together through merging to assess for concordance, complementarity, expansion, or discordance between the data sets and to draw metainferences. Results: In total, 44 women completed the survey, of whom 31 also participated in qualitative interviews. The merged analyses identified three overarching domains representing commonalities across the quantitative and qualitative data: emotional impact, justifying not breastfeeding, and coping strategies. Not being able to breastfeed was emotionally challenging. Cultural expectations influenced the women's experiences and the strategies they used to justify their infant feeding choice. Conclusions: For women living with HIV in Nordic countries not breastfeeding was a complex, multilayered process substantially influenced by social and cultural expectations., Background:The recommendation of breastfeeding avoidance for women living with HIV in high-income settings may be influenced by cultural beliefs and come at an emotional cost. This multicenter, longitudinal, convergent mixed methods study aimed to compare differences in attitudes, concerns, and experiences surrounding breastfeeding in women living with HIV of Nordic and non-Nordic origin.Setting:High-income setting.Methods:Pregnant women living with HIV in the Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, and Sweden were recruited in 2019-2020. Quantitative data on attitudes surrounding infant feeding were assessed using the Positive Attitudes Concerning Infant Feeding questionnaire completed in the third trimester (T1), and 3 (T2) and 6 (T3) months postpartum. Women who completed the survey were also invited to participate in semistructured interviews at T1 and T3. The findings from the quantitative survey and qualitative interviews were brought together through merging to assess for concordance, complementarity, expansion, or discordance between the data sets and to draw metainferences.Results:In total, 44 women completed the survey, of whom 31 also participated in qualitative interviews. The merged analyses identified three overarching domains representing commonalities across the quantitative and qualitative data: emotional impact, justifying not breastfeeding, and coping strategies. Not being able to breastfeed was emotionally challenging. Cultural expectations influenced the women's experiences and the strategies they used to justify their infant feeding choice.Conclusions:For women living with HIV in Nordic countries not breastfeeding was a complex, multilayered process substantially influenced by social and cultural expectations.

Analysis of chimerism in blood post‐HCT using STR‐PCR is routinely applied in parallel with quantification of MRD to predict relapse of leukemia. Real time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) chimerism is 10‐ to 100‐fold more sensitive, but clinical studies in children are sparse. In a prospective multicenter study, we analyzed increasing mixed chimerism (IMC) in blood samples following transplantation for leukemia in 64 children. IMC was defined as a minimum increase of either 0.1% or 0.05% recipient DNA between two samples or a ≥10-fold increase. Samples closer than 30 days to diagnosis of relapse were omitted. The risk of relapse was higher in children with IMC of both 0.1% and 0.05% compared to children without IMC (27.8 (95% CI 4.4-175.8; P<.001), and 18.4 (95% CI 2.8-120.5; P=0.002), respectively). From the date of IMC, the 3-year CI of relapse or MRD-positivity was 26.7% (CI 9.4-47.0) and 18.5% (6.4-35.3) for IMC ≥ 0.1% (n=27) and ≥ 0.05% (n= 40), respectively. In the subset of children without an IMC ≥ 0.1% or ≥ 0.05%, CI of relapse or molecular relapse were 16.7% (5.0 -34.1) and 10.8% (3.4 -23.3), respectively. In all cases with a relapse undetectable by IMC, MRD remained undetectable prior to relapse and standard chimerism negative. In a landmark analysis, neither an IMC ≥ 0.1% nor ≥ 0.05% prior to 90 days post‐HCT was significantly associated with an increased relapse incidence. These results indicate that the serial monitoring of RQ‐PCR chimerism in peripheral blood post-HCT may be a valuable supplement to the minimal residual disease analysis for an early detection of relapse in acute childhood leukemia.

Analysis of chimerism in blood post‐HCT using STR‐PCR is routinely applied in parallel with quantification of MRD to predict relapse of leukemia. Real time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) chimerism is 10‐ to 100‐fold more sensitive, but clinical studies in children are sparse. In a prospective multicenter study, we analyzed increasing mixed chimerism (IMC) in blood samples following transplantation for leukemia in 64 children. IMC was defined as a minimum increase of either 0.1% or 0.05% recipient DNA between two samples or a ≥10-fold increase. Samples closer than 30 days to diagnosis of relapse were omitted. The risk of relapse was higher in children with IMC of both 0.1% and 0.05% compared to children without IMC (27.8 (95% CI 4.4-175.8; P<.001), and 18.4 (95% CI 2.8-120.5; P=0.002), respectively). From the date of IMC, the 3-year CI of relapse or MRD-positivity was 26.7% (CI 9.4-47.0) and 18.5% (6.4-35.3) for IMC ≥ 0.1% (n=27) and ≥ 0.05% (n= 40), respectively. In the subset of children without an IMC ≥ 0.1% or ≥ 0.05%, CI of relapse or molecular relapse were 16.7% (5.0 -34.1) and 10.8% (3.4 -23.3), respectively. In all cases with a relapse undetectable by IMC, MRD remained undetectable prior to relapse and standard chimerism negative. In a landmark analysis, neither an IMC ≥ 0.1% nor ≥ 0.05% prior to 90 days post‐HCT was significantly associated with an increased relapse incidence. These results indicate that the serial monitoring of RQ‐PCR chimerism in peripheral blood post-HCT may be a valuable supplement to the minimal residual disease analysis for an early detection of relapse in acute childhood leukemia.

To ensure high-quality care, operationalize resilience and fill the knowledge gap regarding how to improve the prerequisites for resilient performance, it is necessary to understand how adaptive capacity unfolds in practice. The main aim of this research was to explain the escalation process of intensive care during the first wave of the pandemic from a microlevel perspective, including expressions of resilient performance, intervening conditions at the micro-meso-macrolevels and short- and long-term consequences. A secondary aim was to provide recommendations regarding how to optimize the prerequisites for resilient performance in intensive care. A grounded theory methodology was used. First-person stories from different healthcare professionals (n70) in two Swedish regions were analyzed using the constant comparative method. This resulted in a novel conceptual model (including 6 main categories and 24 subcategories), and 41 recommendations. The conclusion of these findings is that the escalation of intensive care can be conceptualized as a transition from threatening chaos to temporary order through a complex process of adaptation. To prepare for the future, the components of space, stuff, staff, system and science, with associated continuity plans, must be implemented, anchored and communicated to actors at all levels of the system.

To ensure high-quality care, operationalize resilience and fill the knowledge gap regarding how to improve the prerequisites for resilient performance, it is necessary to understand how adaptive capacity unfolds in practice. The main aim of this research was to explain the escalation process of intensive care during the first wave of the pandemic from a microlevel perspective, including expressions of resilient performance, intervening conditions at the micro-meso-macrolevels and short- and long-term consequences. A secondary aim was to provide recommendations regarding how to optimize the prerequisites for resilient performance in intensive care. A grounded theory methodology was used. First-person stories from different healthcare professionals (n70) in two Swedish regions were analyzed using the constant comparative method. This resulted in a novel conceptual model (including 6 main categories and 24 subcategories), and 41 recommendations. The conclusion of these findings is that the escalation of intensive care can be conceptualized as a transition from threatening chaos to temporary order through a complex process of adaptation. To prepare for the future, the components of space, stuff, staff, system and science, with associated continuity plans, must be implemented, anchored and communicated to actors at all levels of the system.

To ensure high-quality care, operationalize resilience and fill the knowledge gap regarding how to improve the prerequisites for resilient performance, it is necessary to understand how adaptive capacity unfolds in practice. The main aim of this research was to explain the escalation process of intensive care during the first wave of the pandemic from a microlevel perspective, including expressions of resilient performance, intervening conditions at the micro-meso-macrolevels and short- and long-term consequences. A secondary aim was to provide recommendations regarding how to optimize the prerequisites for resilient performance in intensive care. A grounded theory methodology was used. First-person stories from different healthcare professionals (n70) in two Swedish regions were analyzed using the constant comparative method. This resulted in a novel conceptual model (including 6 main categories and 24 subcategories), and 41 recommendations. The conclusion of these findings is that the escalation of intensive care can be conceptualized as a transition from threatening chaos to temporary order through a complex process of adaptation. To prepare for the future, the components of space, stuff, staff, system and science, with associated continuity plans, must be implemented, anchored and communicated to actors at all levels of the system.

Background: The prevalence of self-harm is increasing worldwide. Self-harm involves intentionally hurting oneself and is usually understood as a coping strategy. Nurses in all different health care units come across this group of patients. Nurses play a central part in the care of this patient group and their attitudes affect patients’ health. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses’ attitudes towards patients who self-harm. Method: A literature review with a qualitative approach. Nine studies were included and subjected to a thematic analysis. Results: The data analysis resulted in three themes: Nurses’ perception of the patient, Emotions and Working conditions. The result showed positive and negative attitudes as common among nurses. Attitudes are affected by several factors including working experience, knowledge, resources, and empathy. Conclusions: Nurses’ attitudes affect patients’ health. Positive attitudes strengthen patients’ resources and promote good health. Whereas negative attitudes constitute an obstacle to good nursing practice and negatively affect patients’ health. The result indicates a continued lack of knowledge regarding patients who self-harm. A suggestion for future studies is to investigate how negative attitudes are best prevented and changed. Key words: Attitudes, nursing, nurses, self-injurious behavior

Background Maintaining a good nutritional status during the hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) procedure is challenging in the pediatric population. Methods In a multicentric retrospective study, we compared the outcome of nutritional status and HCT-related parameters in 227 pediatric patients during and after HCT between 2005 and 2015. 112 patients received a gastrostomy before the start of HCT (GS group), and 115 did not receive a gastrostomy (NGS). Data collection was performed at HCT, 3, 6, and 12 months post-HCT. Results At time point of HCT the Standard Deviation Score (SDS) of weight was 0.17 in the NGS group, and 0.71 in the GS group (p = .01) Patients in the NGS group lost more weight during the first 3 months after HCT than patients in the GS group. At 12 months, patients in the NGS remained at a lower weight, while patients in the GS group slightly increased their weight. There were no differences between the groups in the incidence of acute graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD), overall survival, and non-relapse mortality. However, the number of febrile episodes requiring intravenous treatment with antibiotics, was higher in the GS group as compared to the NGS group, during the first 3 months post-HCT (p < .001). Conclusions Our results indicate that gastrostomy can be utilized in children undergoing HCT without any negative effects on mortality. Therefore, the use of a gastrostomy appears to be a safe option to maintain a good nutritional status during the HCT procedure.

Background Maintaining a good nutritional status during the hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) procedure is challenging in the pediatric population. Methods In a multicentric retrospective study, we compared the outcome of nutritional status and HCT-related parameters in 227 pediatric patients during and after HCT between 2005 and 2015. 112 patients received a gastrostomy before the start of HCT (GS group), and 115 did not receive a gastrostomy (NGS). Data collection was performed at HCT, 3, 6, and 12 months post-HCT. Results At time point of HCT the Standard Deviation Score (SDS) of weight was 0.17 in the NGS group, and 0.71 in the GS group (p = .01) Patients in the NGS group lost more weight during the first 3 months after HCT than patients in the GS group. At 12 months, patients in the NGS remained at a lower weight, while patients in the GS group slightly increased their weight. There were no differences between the groups in the incidence of acute graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD), overall survival, and non-relapse mortality. However, the number of febrile episodes requiring intravenous treatment with antibiotics, was higher in the GS group as compared to the NGS group, during the first 3 months post-HCT (p < .001). Conclusions Our results indicate that gastrostomy can be utilized in children undergoing HCT without any negative effects on mortality. Therefore, the use of a gastrostomy appears to be a safe option to maintain a good nutritional status during the HCT procedure.

Background Maintaining a good nutritional status during the hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) procedure is challenging in the pediatric population. Methods In a multicentric retrospective study, we compared the outcome of nutritional status and HCT-related parameters in 227 pediatric patients during and after HCT between 2005 and 2015. 112 patients received a gastrostomy before the start of HCT (GS group), and 115 did not receive a gastrostomy (NGS). Data collection was performed at HCT, 3, 6, and 12 months post-HCT. Results At time point of HCT the Standard Deviation Score (SDS) of weight was 0.17 in the NGS group, and 0.71 in the GS group (p = .01) Patients in the NGS group lost more weight during the first 3 months after HCT than patients in the GS group. At 12 months, patients in the NGS remained at a lower weight, while patients in the GS group slightly increased their weight. There were no differences between the groups in the incidence of acute graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD), overall survival, and non-relapse mortality. However, the number of febrile episodes requiring intravenous treatment with antibiotics, was higher in the GS group as compared to the NGS group, during the first 3 months post-HCT (p < .001). Conclusions Our results indicate that gastrostomy can be utilized in children undergoing HCT without any negative effects on mortality. Therefore, the use of a gastrostomy appears to be a safe option to maintain a good nutritional status during the HCT procedure.

Background Maintaining a good nutritional status during the hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) procedure is challenging in the pediatric population. Methods In a multicentric retrospective study, we compared the outcome of nutritional status and HCT-related parameters in 227 pediatric patients during and after HCT between 2005 and 2015. 112 patients received a gastrostomy before the start of HCT (GS group), and 115 did not receive a gastrostomy (NGS). Data collection was performed at HCT, 3, 6, and 12 months post-HCT. Results At time point of HCT the Standard Deviation Score (SDS) of weight was 0.17 in the NGS group, and 0.71 in the GS group (p = .01) Patients in the NGS group lost more weight during the first 3 months after HCT than patients in the GS group. At 12 months, patients in the NGS remained at a lower weight, while patients in the GS group slightly increased their weight. There were no differences between the groups in the incidence of acute graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD), overall survival, and non-relapse mortality. However, the number of febrile episodes requiring intravenous treatment with antibiotics, was higher in the GS group as compared to the NGS group, during the first 3 months post-HCT (p < .001). Conclusions Our results indicate that gastrostomy can be utilized in children undergoing HCT without any negative effects on mortality. Therefore, the use of a gastrostomy appears to be a safe option to maintain a good nutritional status during the HCT procedure.

Minority populations' trust toward the criminal justice system is understudied in many parts of Europe, including Sweden. This article will contribute to this field by examining the trust in the criminal justice system among the Roma community in Sweden. The aim of the study was to (1) estimate the Roma community's trust toward the criminal justice system, (2) examine what factors influence the community's trust toward the criminal justice system, and (3) analyze whether trust toward the authorities influences the Roma community's willingness to report victimization. The study used a mixed-methodology design in combining survey data (n = 610) with in-depth interviews (N = 30). The findings show that the respondents have a low level of trust in the criminal justice system authorities. According to the regression analysis, the strongest predictor of trust was shown to be explained by the respondent's perception of procedural unfairness. Qualitative findings supported these results while also highlighting cultural effects and historical processes that explain the community's lack of trust. Finally, trust in the authorities seems to be an important factor that influences crime reporting.

Minority populations' trust toward the criminal justice system is understudied in many parts of Europe, including Sweden. This article will contribute to this field by examining the trust in the criminal justice system among the Roma community in Sweden. The aim of the study was to (1) estimate the Roma community's trust toward the criminal justice system, (2) examine what factors influence the community's trust toward the criminal justice system, and (3) analyze whether trust toward the authorities influences the Roma community's willingness to report victimization. The study used a mixed-methodology design in combining survey data (n = 610) with in-depth interviews (N = 30). The findings show that the respondents have a low level of trust in the criminal justice system authorities. According to the regression analysis, the strongest predictor of trust was shown to be explained by the respondent's perception of procedural unfairness. Qualitative findings supported these results while also highlighting cultural effects and historical processes that explain the community's lack of trust. Finally, trust in the authorities seems to be an important factor that influences crime reporting.

Proteoglycans are central components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and binding partners for inflammatory chemokines. Morphological differences in the ECM and increased inflammation are prominent features of the white adipose tissues in patients with obesity. The impact of obesity and weight loss on the expression of specific proteoglycans in adipose tissue is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiposity and proteoglycan expression. We analyzed transcriptomic data from two human bariatric surgery cohorts. In addition, RT-qPCR was performed on adipose tissues from female and male mice fed a high-fat diet. Both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots were analyzed. Adipose mRNA expression of specific proteoglycans, proteoglycan biosynthetic enzymes, proteoglycan partner molecules, and other ECM-related proteins were altered in both human cohorts. We consistently observed more profound alterations in gene expression of ECM targets in the visceral adipose tissues after surgery (among others VCAN (p = 0.000309), OGN (p = 0.000976), GPC4 (p = 0.00525), COL1A1 (p = 0.00221)). Further, gene analyses in mice revealed sex differences in these two tissue compartments in obese mice. We suggest that adipose tissue repair is still in progress long after surgery, which may reflect challenges in remodeling increased adipose tissues. This study can provide the basis for more mechanistic studies on the role of proteoglycans in adipose tissues in obesity.

I förskolan ska barnen mötas och respekteras utifrån ett samlat perspektiv på lek, lärande och omsorg. För att yrkesverksamma i förskolan ska uppfylla sin yrkesroll krävs att mentala och fysiska verktyg används för att möta barnen som ska få reellt inflytande i utbildningen. Emotionell närvaro är ett sådant mentalt verktyg som i en studie genomförd i grundskolan visat sig vara en stor betydande beståndsdel för att yrkesverksamma ska kunna nå elever via kommunikation. Syftet med vår studie är att genom ett livsvärldsfenomenologiskt perspektiv synliggöra hur förskollärare upplever emotionell närvaro i förskolan och hur stor inverkan detta har i den relationella kommunikationen i mötet med barn i förskolan. Förskollärarna fick genom semistrukturerade intervjuer berätta om sina upplevelser och tankar kring emotionell närvaro och arbetsglädje i deras kommunikation med barnen. Studien utgår från ett livsvärldsfenomenologiskt perspektiv som innebär att en djupare förståelse för fenomenet eftersträvas. Analysprocessen utgår från begreppen emotionell närvaro, mellan-varat och det mellanmänskliga utifrån filosofen Martin Bubers dialogfilosofi. I resultatet visar förskollärarnas utsagor att de genom relationell närvaro upplever arbetsglädje i mötet med barnen. Däremot visar det sig också att den relationella kommunikation är något som kräver tid både för att bygga upp förtroende och nå fram till barnen. Men även att tid i form av arbetsorganisatoriska hinder där personalbrist bidrar till uteblivna relationella möten med barnen.

This is an essay about the swedish modernist writer and poet Gösta Oswald’s novel En privatmans vedermödor. The essay focuses on the question about how he uses the modernist language to portray the subject and main character Mr O. Oswald’s novel and his portrayal of the subject is compared and contrasted to earlier ideas about the subject in the modernist and pessimistic traditions presented by philosophers, e g Friedrich Nietzsche. Oswald’s literary style and ideas are also compared to his contemporary modernist writers, for instance Stig Dagerman. Through a psychoanalytical reading of Oswald’s novel using mostly Jacques Lacan’s theories about language the essay argues that it is a story about the nothingness of the subject. It’s also argued that the environment in the novel and Oswald’s use of mythological and classical motifs from Orpheus, Virgil and Dante enhances the themes of nothingness and the bleak outlook on life in the nihilistic post World War II cultural climate., Slutgiltigt godkännandedatum: 2023-05-30

Proteoglycans are central components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and binding partners for inflammatory chemokines. Morphological differences in the ECM and increased inflammation are prominent features of the white adipose tissues in patients with obesity. The impact of obesity and weight loss on the expression of specific proteoglycans in adipose tissue is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiposity and proteoglycan expression. We analyzed transcriptomic data from two human bariatric surgery cohorts. In addition, RT-qPCR was performed on adipose tissues from female and male mice fed a high-fat diet. Both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots were analyzed. Adipose mRNA expression of specific proteoglycans, proteoglycan biosynthetic enzymes, proteoglycan partner molecules, and other ECM-related proteins were altered in both human cohorts. We consistently observed more profound alterations in gene expression of ECM targets in the visceral adipose tissues after surgery (among others VCAN (p = 0.000309), OGN (p = 0.000976), GPC4 (p = 0.00525), COL1A1 (p = 0.00221)). Further, gene analyses in mice revealed sex differences in these two tissue compartments in obese mice. We suggest that adipose tissue repair is still in progress long after surgery, which may reflect challenges in remodeling increased adipose tissues. This study can provide the basis for more mechanistic studies on the role of proteoglycans in adipose tissues in obesity.

ObjectiveType D personality, a joint tendency toward negative affectivity and social inhibition, has been linked to adverse events in patients with heart disease, although with inconsistent findings. Here, we apply an individual patient-data meta-analysis to data from 19 prospective cohort studies (N = 11,151) to investigate the prediction of adverse outcomes by type D personality in patients with acquired cardiovascular disease.MethodFor each outcome (all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous coronary intervention, major adverse cardiac event, any adverse event), we estimated type D's prognostic influence and the moderation by age, sex, and disease type.ResultsIn patients with cardiovascular disease, evidence for a type D effect in terms of the Bayes factor (BF) was strong for major adverse cardiac event (BF = 42.5; odds ratio [OR] = 1.14) and any adverse event (BF = 129.4; OR = 1.15). Evidence for the null hypothesis was found for all-cause mortality (BF = 45.9; OR = 1.03), cardiac mortality (BF = 23.7; OR = 0.99), and myocardial infarction (BF = 16.9; OR = 1.12), suggesting that type D had no effect on these outcomes. This evidence was similar in the subset of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but inconclusive for patients with heart failure (HF). Positive effects were found for negative affectivity on cardiac and all-cause mortality, with the latter being more pronounced in male than female patients.ConclusionAcross 19 prospective cohort studies, type D predicts adverse events in patients with CAD, whereas evidence in patients with HF was inconclusive. In both patients with CAD and HF, we found evidence for a null effect of type D on cardiac and all-cause mortality.

Trafiken är den farligaste miljön för poliser att arbeta i, sett både till antal som förlorar sina liv i tjänsten ochsom skador på både personer och fordon. Därför är förarutbildning en viktig del av polisutbildningen pågrund-och fortbildningsnivå. Förarutbildning är dock resurskrävande vilket försvårar mängdträning.Dessutom kan det vara riskfyllt att öva vissa moment i verklig trafikmiljö och det finns begränsningar somgör att studenterna inom ramen för grundutbildningen inte kan träna på att köra med olikaangelägenhetsgrader. Simulatorer används idag alltmer inom olika typer av förarutbildningar. Syftet är därföratt undersöka simulatorbaserad undervisning inom ramen för lågfarts- och landsvägskörning för att få enökad förståelse för hur denna undervisning kan fungera som ett komplement till undervisningen i riktigpolisbil. På vilket sätt påverkas studenternas måluppfyllelse, i form av resultat på examination, av vilken typav undervisningsgrupp de tillhörde (enbart simulator, både simulator och riktig polisbil eller enbart körningi riktig polisbil)? Denna fråga låg till grund när simulatorbaserad undervisning utvecklades vidPolisprogrammet vid Malmö universitet och körsimulatorer infördes som ett komplement till undervisning ipolisbil inom ramen för det första steget i polisens nationella förarutbildning. 83 studenter som genomgicktermin två och därefter termin tre deltog i en studie där de delades in i grupper som fick olika typer avundervisning. Sedan genomförde studenterna från de olika grupperna samma examination och resultatetjämfördes för momenten lågfartsmanövrering och landsvägskörning. Resultaten på examinationen visar attdet inte finns några signifikanta skillnader i hur studenterna presterar på praktisk examination beroende påom de tränat i simulator, både simulator och i polisbil eller endast i polisbil. Implikationer av resultaten förden fortsatta utformningen av utbildningen och framtida forskning om pedagogik i körsimulatorer samtbetydelsen av simula, Traffic is the most dangerous environment for police officers to work in, both in terms of numbers who lose their lives in the line of duty and injuries to both people and vehicles. In addition, driver training is an important part of police training at basic level and in continuing education. However, such training is resource-intensive and certain driver tasks cannot be practiced. In order to create an effective, safe, and secure educational environment, driving simulators were tested as part of the driver training at the Police Program at Malmö University. 83 students who completed the second and then third semester participated in a study where groups that received different types of training and then performed the same examination were compared regarding low-speed maneuvering and driving on country roads. The results show that there are no significant differences in how the students perform on the practical examination depending on whether they trained in the simulator, both in the simulator and in the police car or only in the police car. Implications of the results and future research are discussed.

Proteoglycans are central components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and binding partners for inflammatory chemokines. Morphological differences in the ECM and increased inflammation are prominent features of the white adipose tissues in patients with obesity. The impact of obesity and weight loss on the expression of specific proteoglycans in adipose tissue is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiposity and proteoglycan expression. We analyzed transcriptomic data from two human bariatric surgery cohorts. In addition, RT-qPCR was performed on adipose tissues from female and male mice fed a high-fat diet. Both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots were analyzed. Adipose mRNA expression of specific proteoglycans, proteoglycan biosynthetic enzymes, proteoglycan partner molecules, and other ECM-related proteins were altered in both human cohorts. We consistently observed more profound alterations in gene expression of ECM targets in the visceral adipose tissues after surgery (among others VCAN (p = 0.000309), OGN (p = 0.000976), GPC4 (p = 0.00525), COL1A1 (p = 0.00221)). Further, gene analyses in mice revealed sex differences in these two tissue compartments in obese mice. We suggest that adipose tissue repair is still in progress long after surgery, which may reflect challenges in remodeling increased adipose tissues. This study can provide the basis for more mechanistic studies on the role of proteoglycans in adipose tissues in obesity.

Proteoglycans are central components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and binding partners for inflammatory chemokines. Morphological differences in the ECM and increased inflammation are prominent features of the white adipose tissues in patients with obesity. The impact of obesity and weight loss on the expression of specific proteoglycans in adipose tissue is not well known. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adiposity and proteoglycan expression. We analyzed transcriptomic data from two human bariatric surgery cohorts. In addition, RT-qPCR was performed on adipose tissues from female and male mice fed a high-fat diet. Both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots were analyzed. Adipose mRNA expression of specific proteoglycans, proteoglycan biosynthetic enzymes, proteoglycan partner molecules, and other ECM-related proteins were altered in both human cohorts. We consistently observed more profound alterations in gene expression of ECM targets in the visceral adipose tissues after surgery (among others VCAN (p = 0.000309), OGN (p = 0.000976), GPC4 (p = 0.00525), COL1A1 (p = 0.00221)). Further, gene analyses in mice revealed sex differences in these two tissue compartments in obese mice. We suggest that adipose tissue repair is still in progress long after surgery, which may reflect challenges in remodeling increased adipose tissues. This study can provide the basis for more mechanistic studies on the role of proteoglycans in adipose tissues in obesity.

This is an essay about the swedish modernist writer and poet Gösta Oswald’s novel En privatmans vedermödor. The essay focuses on the question about how he uses the modernist language to portray the subject and main character Mr O. Oswald’s novel and his portrayal of the subject is compared and contrasted to earlier ideas about the subject in the modernist and pessimistic traditions presented by philosophers, e g Friedrich Nietzsche. Oswald’s literary style and ideas are also compared to his contemporary modernist writers, for instance Stig Dagerman. Through a psychoanalytical reading of Oswald’s novel using mostly Jacques Lacan’s theories about language the essay argues that it is a story about the nothingness of the subject. It’s also argued that the environment in the novel and Oswald’s use of mythological and classical motifs from Orpheus, Virgil and Dante enhances the themes of nothingness and the bleak outlook on life in the nihilistic post World War II cultural climate., Slutgiltigt godkännandedatum: 2023-05-30

Background: The prevalence of self-harm is increasing worldwide. Self-harm involves intentionally hurting oneself and is usually understood as a coping strategy. Nurses in all different health care units come across this group of patients. Nurses play a central part in the care of this patient group and their attitudes affect patients’ health. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses’ attitudes towards patients who self-harm. Method: A literature review with a qualitative approach. Nine studies were included and subjected to a thematic analysis. Results: The data analysis resulted in three themes: Nurses’ perception of the patient, Emotions and Working conditions. The result showed positive and negative attitudes as common among nurses. Attitudes are affected by several factors including working experience, knowledge, resources, and empathy. Conclusions: Nurses’ attitudes affect patients’ health. Positive attitudes strengthen patients’ resources and promote good health. Whereas negative attitudes constitute an obstacle to good nursing practice and negatively affect patients’ health. The result indicates a continued lack of knowledge regarding patients who self-harm. A suggestion for future studies is to investigate how negative attitudes are best prevented and changed. Key words: Attitudes, nursing, nurses, self-injurious behavior

The Amazon forests act as a global reserve for carbon, have very high biodiversity, and provide a variety of additional ecosystem services. These forests are, however, under increasing pressure, coming mainly from deforestation, despite the fact that accurate satellite monitoring is in place that produces annual deforestation maps and timely alerts. Here, we present a proof of concept for rapid deforestation monitoring that engages the global community directly in the monitoring process via crowdsourcing while subsequently leveraging the power of deep learning. Offering no tangible incentives, we were able to sustain participation from more than 5500 active contributors from 96 different nations over a 6-month period, resulting in the crowd classification of 43,108 satellite images (representing around 390,000 km2). Training a suite of AI models with results from the crowd, we achieved an accuracy greater than 90% in detecting new and existing deforestation. These findings demonstrate the potential of a crowd–AI approach to rapidly detect and validate deforestation events. Our method directly engages a large, enthusiastic, and increasingly digital global community who wish to participate in the stewardship of the global environment. Coupled with existing monitoring systems, this approach could offer an additional means of verification, increasing confidence in global deforestation monitoring.

The Amazon forests act as a global reserve for carbon, have very high biodiversity, and provide a variety of additional ecosystem services. These forests are, however, under increasing pressure, coming mainly from deforestation, despite the fact that accurate satellite monitoring is in place that produces annual deforestation maps and timely alerts. Here, we present a proof of concept for rapid deforestation monitoring that engages the global community directly in the monitoring process via crowdsourcing while subsequently leveraging the power of deep learning. Offering no tangible incentives, we were able to sustain participation from more than 5500 active contributors from 96 different nations over a 6-month period, resulting in the crowd classification of 43,108 satellite images (representing around 390,000 km2). Training a suite of AI models with results from the crowd, we achieved an accuracy greater than 90% in detecting new and existing deforestation. These findings demonstrate the potential of a crowd–AI approach to rapidly detect and validate deforestation events. Our method directly engages a large, enthusiastic, and increasingly digital global community who wish to participate in the stewardship of the global environment. Coupled with existing monitoring systems, this approach could offer an additional means of verification, increasing confidence in global deforestation monitoring.

To ensure high-quality care, operationalize resilience and fill the knowledge gap regarding how to improve the prerequisites for resilient performance, it is necessary to understand how adaptive capacity unfolds in practice. The main aim of this research was to explain the escalation process of intensive care during the first wave of the pandemic from a microlevel perspective, including expressions of resilient performance, intervening conditions at the micro-meso-macrolevels and short- and long-term consequences. A secondary aim was to provide recommendations regarding how to optimize the prerequisites for resilient performance in intensive care. A grounded theory methodology was used. First-person stories from different healthcare professionals (n70) in two Swedish regions were analyzed using the constant comparative method. This resulted in a novel conceptual model (including 6 main categories and 24 subcategories), and 41 recommendations. The conclusion of these findings is that the escalation of intensive care can be conceptualized as a transition from threatening chaos to temporary order through a complex process of adaptation. To prepare for the future, the components of space, stuff, staff, system and science, with associated continuity plans, must be implemented, anchored and communicated to actors at all levels of the system.

To ensure high-quality care, operationalize resilience and fill the knowledge gap regarding how to improve the prerequisites for resilient performance, it is necessary to understand how adaptive capacity unfolds in practice. The main aim of this research was to explain the escalation process of intensive care during the first wave of the pandemic from a microlevel perspective, including expressions of resilient performance, intervening conditions at the micro-meso-macrolevels and short- and long-term consequences. A secondary aim was to provide recommendations regarding how to optimize the prerequisites for resilient performance in intensive care. A grounded theory methodology was used. First-person stories from different healthcare professionals (n70) in two Swedish regions were analyzed using the constant comparative method. This resulted in a novel conceptual model (including 6 main categories and 24 subcategories), and 41 recommendations. The conclusion of these findings is that the escalation of intensive care can be conceptualized as a transition from threatening chaos to temporary order through a complex process of adaptation. To prepare for the future, the components of space, stuff, staff, system and science, with associated continuity plans, must be implemented, anchored and communicated to actors at all levels of the system.

To ensure high-quality care, operationalize resilience and fill the knowledge gap regarding how to improve the prerequisites for resilient performance, it is necessary to understand how adaptive capacity unfolds in practice. The main aim of this research was to explain the escalation process of intensive care during the first wave of the pandemic from a microlevel perspective, including expressions of resilient performance, intervening conditions at the micro-meso-macrolevels and short- and long-term consequences. A secondary aim was to provide recommendations regarding how to optimize the prerequisites for resilient performance in intensive care. A grounded theory methodology was used. First-person stories from different healthcare professionals (n70) in two Swedish regions were analyzed using the constant comparative method. This resulted in a novel conceptual model (including 6 main categories and 24 subcategories), and 41 recommendations. The conclusion of these findings is that the escalation of intensive care can be conceptualized as a transition from threatening chaos to temporary order through a complex process of adaptation. To prepare for the future, the components of space, stuff, staff, system and science, with associated continuity plans, must be implemented, anchored and communicated to actors at all levels of the system.

I förskolan ska barnen mötas och respekteras utifrån ett samlat perspektiv på lek, lärande och omsorg. För att yrkesverksamma i förskolan ska uppfylla sin yrkesroll krävs att mentala och fysiska verktyg används för att möta barnen som ska få reellt inflytande i utbildningen. Emotionell närvaro är ett sådant mentalt verktyg som i en studie genomförd i grundskolan visat sig vara en stor betydande beståndsdel för att yrkesverksamma ska kunna nå elever via kommunikation. Syftet med vår studie är att genom ett livsvärldsfenomenologiskt perspektiv synliggöra hur förskollärare upplever emotionell närvaro i förskolan och hur stor inverkan detta har i den relationella kommunikationen i mötet med barn i förskolan. Förskollärarna fick genom semistrukturerade intervjuer berätta om sina upplevelser och tankar kring emotionell närvaro och arbetsglädje i deras kommunikation med barnen. Studien utgår från ett livsvärldsfenomenologiskt perspektiv som innebär att en djupare förståelse för fenomenet eftersträvas. Analysprocessen utgår från begreppen emotionell närvaro, mellan-varat och det mellanmänskliga utifrån filosofen Martin Bubers dialogfilosofi. I resultatet visar förskollärarnas utsagor att de genom relationell närvaro upplever arbetsglädje i mötet med barnen. Däremot visar det sig också att den relationella kommunikation är något som kräver tid både för att bygga upp förtroende och nå fram till barnen. Men även att tid i form av arbetsorganisatoriska hinder där personalbrist bidrar till uteblivna relationella möten med barnen.