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This qualitative study aimed to investigate knowledge, perspectives, and priorities related to self-care among Iranian adolescents. Through snowball sampling, the link to the questionnaire was shared in available social media apps. The results showed that 192 of 294 participants reported that they had heard about “self-care”. Parents/family and school were the most frequent sources of learning about self-care among the male and female respondents, respectively. Analyzing the participants’ statements regarding their own understanding of self-care activities, three major terms—“taking care of”, “avoid”, and “respect” were identified. When being ask about what they do for their own self-care, the results showed spending time on the Internet had the highest repetition rate among boys’ responses, followed by “going to gym”, “video games”, and “listening to music”. Regarding the desired activities, both girls’ and boys’ statements indicated that among leisure activities, “traveling” was the most frequent word, followed by being with friends. The girls showed more interest in attending night clubs or spending time outside the home late at night. Insights from this study identifying preferences in self-care activities can be used to develop intervention programs for Iranian adolescents to improve their lifestyle and, consequently, their well-being based on their needs and situation.

This qualitative study aimed to investigate knowledge, perspectives, and priorities related to self-care among Iranian adolescents. Through snowball sampling, the link to the questionnaire was shared in available social media apps. The results showed that 192 of 294 participants reported that they had heard about “self-care”. Parents/family and school were the most frequent sources of learning about self-care among the male and female respondents, respectively. Analyzing the participants’ statements regarding their own understanding of self-care activities, three major terms—“taking care of”, “avoid”, and “respect” were identified. When being ask about what they do for their own self-care, the results showed spending time on the Internet had the highest repetition rate among boys’ responses, followed by “going to gym”, “video games”, and “listening to music”. Regarding the desired activities, both girls’ and boys’ statements indicated that among leisure activities, “traveling” was the most frequent word, followed by being with friends. The girls showed more interest in attending night clubs or spending time outside the home late at night. Insights from this study identifying preferences in self-care activities can be used to develop intervention programs for Iranian adolescents to improve their lifestyle and, consequently, their well-being based on their needs and situation.

The current study amid to determine whether a life skills-based education could improve coping skills among adolescents in Malaysian orphanages. It was a randomized controlled trial comprising intervention and control groups which were randomly selected to receive the life skills, or the Placebo education programmes. The DASS21 and Brief COPE were used as the study instruments. Results showed the mean scores of self-distraction, active coping, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, positive reinterpretation, planning and acceptance, at post-test, were significantly increased compared to the pre-test values. Denial, substance abuse, behavioural disengagement and self-blame significantly decreased. The findings provide an opportunity to assess the effects of participation in a life skills education programme on behavioural health in Malaysia orphanages.

The current study amid to determine whether a life skills-based education could improve coping skills among adolescents in Malaysian orphanages. It was a randomized controlled trial comprising intervention and control groups which were randomly selected to receive the life skills, or the Placebo education programmes. The DASS21 and Brief COPE were used as the study instruments. Results showed the mean scores of self-distraction, active coping, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, positive reinterpretation, planning and acceptance, at post-test, were significantly increased compared to the pre-test values. Denial, substance abuse, behavioural disengagement and self-blame significantly decreased. The findings provide an opportunity to assess the effects of participation in a life skills education programme on behavioural health in Malaysia orphanages.

Introduction: Although many epidemiological and interventional investigations regarding improving mental health among youth in the Middle East have been performed, there is no systematic review specifically analyzing the studies on stigma among adolescents with mental disorders (A-MDs) across all Middle East countries despite their common historical roots, similar cultural backgrounds, and recent widespread problems in the area. Purpose: We will aim to systematically review and analyze the English-language studies on stigma among A-MDs in the Middle East published between 2000 and 2019. Method: The Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, PsycINFO and MEDLINE are electronic databases that will be included in this study. Furthermore, the bibliography lists of eligible articles will be manually searched for additional included articles. Descriptive statistics will be represented by mean score and standard deviation for continuous data and number/percentage for categorical data. Discussion: This study may act as a resource for future studies attempting to assess and/or reduce stigma among children and adolescents with mental health issues specifically in the Middle East. Implications: It is important for health care providers, including nursing professional, to improve their knowledge and vision towards stigma in their community. The outcomes of this study can be a shortcut reaching this information.

Introduction: Although many epidemiological and interventional investigations regarding improving mental health among youth in the Middle East have been performed, there is no systematic review specifically analyzing the studies on stigma among adolescents with mental disorders (A-MDs) across all Middle East countries despite their common historical roots, similar cultural backgrounds, and recent widespread problems in the area. Purpose: We will aim to systematically review and analyze the English-language studies on stigma among A-MDs in the Middle East published between 2000 and 2019. Method: The Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, PsycINFO and MEDLINE are electronic databases that will be included in this study. Furthermore, the bibliography lists of eligible articles will be manually searched for additional included articles. Descriptive statistics will be represented by mean score and standard deviation for continuous data and number/percentage for categorical data. Discussion: This study may act as a resource for future studies attempting to assess and/or reduce stigma among children and adolescents with mental health issues specifically in the Middle East. Implications: It is important for health care providers, including nursing professional, to improve their knowledge and vision towards stigma in their community. The outcomes of this study can be a shortcut reaching this information.

Introduction: Health issues often differ from one population to another. Assessing different aspects of the health condition is a vital step toward developing and designing appropriate prevention and treatment programs to reduce health problems in any group or population. This study aimed to assess both the prevalence of stress and the coping mechanisms as well as identify the predictors of stress levels among adolescents in Malaysian orphanages. Methods: Overall, 307 male and female adolescents (aged 13‐18 y old) living in 9 private orphanages located in Klang Valley, Malaysia, participated in this cross‐sectional study. Brief COPE scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale‐21 were used as the main instruments in the current study. Results: The results of the current study showed female adolescents and participants with a higher level of education were more likely to experience stress. The results also showed significant differences between boys and girls in using of coping mechanisms in self‐distraction (t = −2.39, P = .01), substance use (t = 2.12, P = .03), use of emotional support (t = −2.70, P = .001), humor (t = 2.28, P = .02), and religion (t = −2.19, P = .02). Denial, venting, religion, humor, planning, and active coping were identified as predictors of stress among participants. Discussion: The results showed a high prevalence of stress and a negative coping pattern among participants. The finding of the current study also showed the urgency of taking immediate action to reduce stress and improve coping methods among Malaysian institutional adolescents.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety, stress and low self-esteem among institutional Malaysian adolescents. This cross-sectional descriptive study included 287 adolescents aged 12-18 years living in six selected orphan homes. Study's instruments included Socio-demographic questionnaire, validated Malay version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The findings revealed that 85.2, 80.1 and 84.7% of participants had depression, anxiety and stress respectively. Females were more likely to be depressed. Furthermore, anxiety was significantly associated with race and age but no significant associations between stress and the demographic factors were found. The study also showed that 70.8% of males and 69.2% of females had low self-esteem and the self-esteem was associated with depression, anxiety and stress.Therefore, mental health problems are very common among adolescents in Malaysian orphanages. Results reveal the urgency of immediate actions to reduce the mental health problems among Malaysian institutional adolescents.

Introduction: Health issues often differ from one population to another. Assessing different aspects of the health condition is a vital step toward developing and designing appropriate prevention and treatment programs to reduce health problems in any group or population. This study aimed to assess both the prevalence of stress and the coping mechanisms as well as identify the predictors of stress levels among adolescents in Malaysian orphanages. Methods: Overall, 307 male and female adolescents (aged 13‐18 y old) living in 9 private orphanages located in Klang Valley, Malaysia, participated in this cross‐sectional study. Brief COPE scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale‐21 were used as the main instruments in the current study. Results: The results of the current study showed female adolescents and participants with a higher level of education were more likely to experience stress. The results also showed significant differences between boys and girls in using of coping mechanisms in self‐distraction (t = −2.39, P = .01), substance use (t = 2.12, P = .03), use of emotional support (t = −2.70, P = .001), humor (t = 2.28, P = .02), and religion (t = −2.19, P = .02). Denial, venting, religion, humor, planning, and active coping were identified as predictors of stress among participants. Discussion: The results showed a high prevalence of stress and a negative coping pattern among participants. The finding of the current study also showed the urgency of taking immediate action to reduce stress and improve coping methods among Malaysian institutional adolescents.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety, stress and low self-esteem among institutional Malaysian adolescents. This cross-sectional descriptive study included 287 adolescents aged 12-18 years living in six selected orphan homes. Study's instruments included Socio-demographic questionnaire, validated Malay version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The findings revealed that 85.2, 80.1 and 84.7% of participants had depression, anxiety and stress respectively. Females were more likely to be depressed. Furthermore, anxiety was significantly associated with race and age but no significant associations between stress and the demographic factors were found. The study also showed that 70.8% of males and 69.2% of females had low self-esteem and the self-esteem was associated with depression, anxiety and stress.Therefore, mental health problems are very common among adolescents in Malaysian orphanages. Results reveal the urgency of immediate actions to reduce the mental health problems among Malaysian institutional adolescents.

The aim of the current study was to determine if a life skills-based intervention programme could improve the emotional health, self-esteem and coping skills of Malaysian institutionalised adolescents. This study was a randomized controlled trial with pre-, post- and four-month follow-up tests comprising intervention and control groups which were randomly selected to receive the intervention programme (life skills education) or the placebo education programme (COMBI programme). Overall, 271 adolescents, who experienced a mild to extra severe score in one of the objectives of the DASS21 questionnaire were selected to participate in the study. The findings of this study can be the starting point of continuous, systematic life skills education for Malaysian children and adolescents, and can be used by researchers and educational planners across the country.

Introduction: The current study as a part of our investigation on improving emotional and behavioural health in Malaysian orphanages was aimed to establish Content Validity Index (CVI) as well as Face Validity of a new life skill-based module for improving emotional health and coping mechanisms in Malaysian Institutionalised Adolescents including 2 different parts. Methods: In order to assess the content validity and using a 16-item questionnaire, the initial version of the module was reviewed by 9 experts in the area. In the second part, the face validity of the module was assessed among 30 adolescents aged 14-17 from 2 orphanages. Using Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS21) and Brief COPE scale as the study instruments, the emotional heath and coping mechanisms among the participants was investigated before and after a life skills workshop (pre- and post-test). The activities in the workshop were randomly selected from the module activities. Results: Results of the first part of study showed the minimum Value of the Item-level Content Validity Index and the computed the sum of items (S-CVI) for the study module were 0.78 and 0.93 respectively. The results of the second part of study showed the selected activities from module were significantly change the coping mechanisms expect substance use, behavior disengagement, venting, humor and religion (p>0.05). Furthermore, the mean score of anxiety (t=5.39, P<0.001) and stress (t=3.90, P<0.001) significantly decreased among the participants in post-test but there was no significant change on the mean score of depression (t=0.50, P=0.59). Conclusion: both contend and face validity of the developed module were approved.

Institutionalised children and adolescents are at greatly increased risk of serious psychological problems in their lifetime and exhibit various psychological, emotional and behavioural problems such as coping and adjustment problems, aggression, personality problems, low self-esteem, depression and stress. In light of the several mental and behavioural health issues among adolescents living in orphanages that require serious attention, the early detection of mental health challenges is important and can minimize these problems in adulthood. The current study aimed to determine, if a life skills-based intervention programme could improve the emotional health, self-esteem and coping skills among adolescents in Klang Valley orphanages. Using multi-stage random sampling and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 271 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years old who experienced mild to extra severe score in one of the objectives of DASS21 questionnaire (depression, anxiety and/or stress) were selected to participate in the study. This was a parallel subject-masked randomized controlled trial (RCT) with pre-, post- and four-month follow-up tests comprising two groups: intervention and control groups were randomly selected to receive the intervention programme (Life skills education) or the placebo education programme (COMBI programme).The study instrument was a validated questionnaire booklet including: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS21), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) and Brief COPE scale. The intervention module was developed based on the WHO programme on life skills education and Coping-Stress Theory. Overall, 20 activities were developed for 12 intervention sessionsin the form of “The Guideline for Trainers” booklet during the development and piloting process. Intervention sessions were held approximately twice weekly for each home, each lasting abouttwo and half hours. Mixed between-within subjects ANOVA were performed to assess the differences in the mean

Introduction: The current study as a part of our investigation on improving emotional and behavioural health in Malaysian orphanages was aimed to establish Content Validity Index (CVI) as well as Face Validity of a new life skill-based module for improving emotional health and coping mechanisms in Malaysian Institutionalised Adolescents including 2 different parts. Methods: In order to assess the content validity and using a 16-item questionnaire, the initial version of the module was reviewed by 9 experts in the area. In the second part, the face validity of the module was assessed among 30 adolescents aged 14-17 from 2 orphanages. Using Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS21) and Brief COPE scale as the study instruments, the emotional heath and coping mechanisms among the participants was investigated before and after a life skills workshop (pre- and post-test). The activities in the workshop were randomly selected from the module activities. Results: Results of the first part of study showed the minimum Value of the Item-level Content Validity Index and the computed the sum of items (S-CVI) for the study module were 0.78 and 0.93 respectively. The results of the second part of study showed the selected activities from module were significantly change the coping mechanisms expect substance use, behavior disengagement, venting, humor and religion (p>0.05). Furthermore, the mean score of anxiety (t=5.39, P<0.001) and stress (t=3.90, P<0.001) significantly decreased among the participants in post-test but there was no significant change on the mean score of depression (t=0.50, P=0.59). Conclusion: both contend and face validity of the developed module were approved.

The aim of the current study was to determine if a life skills-based intervention programme could improve the emotional health, self-esteem and coping skills of Malaysian institutionalised adolescents. This study was a randomized controlled trial with pre-, post- and four-month follow-up tests comprising intervention and control groups which were randomly selected to receive the intervention programme (life skills education) or the placebo education programme (COMBI programme). Overall, 271 adolescents, who experienced a mild to extra severe score in one of the objectives of the DASS21 questionnaire were selected to participate in the study. The findings of this study can be the starting point of continuous, systematic life skills education for Malaysian children and adolescents, and can be used by researchers and educational planners across the country.

Institutionalised children and adolescents are at greatly increased risk of serious psychological problems in their lifetime and exhibit various psychological, emotional and behavioural problems such as coping and adjustment problems, aggression, personality problems, low self-esteem, depression and stress. In light of the several mental and behavioural health issues among adolescents living in orphanages that require serious attention, the early detection of mental health challenges is important and can minimize these problems in adulthood. The current study aimed to determine, if a life skills-based intervention programme could improve the emotional health, self-esteem and coping skills among adolescents in Klang Valley orphanages. Using multi-stage random sampling and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 271 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years old who experienced mild to extra severe score in one of the objectives of DASS21 questionnaire (depression, anxiety and/or stress) were selected to participate in the study. This was a parallel subject-masked randomized controlled trial (RCT) with pre-, post- and four-month follow-up tests comprising two groups: intervention and control groups were randomly selected to receive the intervention programme (Life skills education) or the placebo education programme (COMBI programme).The study instrument was a validated questionnaire booklet including: Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS21), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) and Brief COPE scale. The intervention module was developed based on the WHO programme on life skills education and Coping-Stress Theory. Overall, 20 activities were developed for 12 intervention sessionsin the form of “The Guideline for Trainers” booklet during the development and piloting process. Intervention sessions were held approximately twice weekly for each home, each lasting abouttwo and half hours. Mixed between-within subjects ANOVA were performed to assess the differences in the mean