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El projecte se centra en abordar la complexitat de la segmentació i l'extracció de característiques del papil·loma invertit i la mucosa en imatges de tomografia computada (TC), en les quals la superposició de densitats entre totes dues lesions pot ocasionalment dificultar la seva clara diferenciació. Es proposa utilitzar diferents tipus d'imatges, com la ressonància magnètica (RM), dades de biòpsies i l'historial clínic del pacient, juntament amb l'experiència d'un neuroradiòleg per a aconseguir una segmentació precisa d'aquestes lesions. La combinació d'aquestes fonts d'informació pretén proporcionar un sòlid conjunt de dades radiòmiques per a distingir i classificar les ambdues lesions. L'objectiu final de l'estudi d'extracció de característiques és obtenir valors clau de diferents paràmetres significatius per a diferenciar eficaçment el papil·loma invertit i la mucosa en imatges de TC, proporcionant així una eina valuosa en el diagnòstic i tractament d'aquestes afeccions mèdiques., El proyecto se centra en abordar la complejidad de la segmentación y la extracción de características del papiloma invertido y la mucosa en imágenes de tomografía computarizada (TC), en las que la superposición de densidades entre ambas lesiones puede ocasionalmente dificultar su clara diferenciación. Se propone utilizar distintos tipos de imágenes, como la resonancia magnética (RM), datos de biopsias y el historial clínico del paciente, junto con la experiencia de un neuroradiólogo para lograr una segmentación precisa de estas lesiones. La combinación de estas fuentes de información pretende proporcionar un sólido conjunto de datos radiómicos para distinguir y clasificar las lesiones. El objetivo final del estudio de extracción de características radiómicas es obtener valores clave de diferentes parámetros significativos para diferenciar eficazmente el papiloma invertido y la mucosa en imágenes de TC, proporcionando así una herramienta valiosa en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de estas afecciones médicas., The project focuses on addressing the complexity of segmentation and feature extraction of inverted papilloma and mucosa on computed tomography (CT) images, where overlapping densities between the two lesions can occasionally make it difficult to clearly differentiate them. It is proposed to use different types of images, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biopsy data and the patient's clinical history, together with the expertise of a neuroradiologist to achieve an accurate segmentation of these lesions. The combination of these sources of information is intended to provide a robust radiomic data set to distinguish and classify lesions. The ultimate goal of the radiomic feature extraction study is to obtain key values of different significant parameters to effectively differentiate inverted papilloma and mucosa on CT images, thus providing a valuable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of these medical conditions.

Cancer of the fallopian tube is 150 times less common than ovarian carcinoma (IARC, 2012, Prat J., 2014,). A new look at fallopian tube cancer, ovarian cancer, and peritoneal cancer dates back to the mid-2000s, when intraepithelial carcinoma was found not in the ovary, but in the fallopian tube, in the fimbrial region, among patients with BRCA mutations who underwent preventive adnexectomy. The small number of observations makes it difficult to determine the etiological and prognostic factors inherent in fallopian tube cancer.

The clinical and laboratory and anamnestic signs formulated in the studies(Chepurkova O. A., Chesnokova M. G., 2009; Semenikova N. V.,Semennikov V. I., Logvinov S. V., 2011; Bulkina N. V., Delelinskaya V.T., Brill G. E., 2014) suggest the probability of candida-associatedpathology of periodontal tissues. The need to determine the concentration ofCandida is due to the subsequent clinical interpretation of the disease anddetermines the tactics of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of chronicgingivitis and hyperkeratotic processes of the mucous membrane in youngpeople

The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is exposed to high antigenic load. First of all, keratinocytes are exposed to harmful effects, and the level of body resistance to damaged agents depends on their functional lability. Nevertheless, there is currently practically no data on changes in the cellular composition of the epithelial layers of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed and immune control of this process under prosthetics (Y. Kimura et al., 2012).

The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is exposed to high antigenic load. First of all, keratinocytes are exposed to harmful effects, and the level of body resistance to damaged agents depends on their functional lability. Nevertheless, there is currently practically no data on changes in the cellular composition of the epithelial layers of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed and immune control of this process under prosthetics (Y. Kimura et al., 2012).

The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is exposed to high antigenic load. First of all, keratinocytes are exposed to harmful effects, and the level of body resistance to damaged agents depends on their functional lability. Nevertheless, there is currently practically no data on changes in the cellular composition of the epithelial layers of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed and immune control of this process under prosthetics (Y. Kimura et al., 2012).

The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is exposed to high antigenic load. First of all, keratinocytes are exposed to harmful effects, and the level of body resistance to damaged agents depends on their functional lability. Nevertheless, there is currently practically no data on changes in the cellular composition of the epithelial layers of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed and immune control of this process under prosthetics (Y. Kimura et al., 2012).

Cancer of the fallopian tube is 150 times less common than ovarian carcinoma (IARC, 2012, Prat J., 2014,). A new look at fallopian tube cancer, ovarian cancer, and peritoneal cancer dates back to the mid-2000s, when intraepithelial carcinoma was found not in the ovary, but in the fallopian tube, in the fimbrial region, among patients with BRCA mutations who underwent preventive adnexectomy. The small number of observations makes it difficult to determine the etiological and prognostic factors inherent in fallopian tube cancer.

The clinical and laboratory and anamnestic signs formulated in the studies(Chepurkova O. A., Chesnokova M. G., 2009; Semenikova N. V.,Semennikov V. I., Logvinov S. V., 2011; Bulkina N. V., Delelinskaya V.T., Brill G. E., 2014) suggest the probability of candida-associatedpathology of periodontal tissues. The need to determine the concentration ofCandida is due to the subsequent clinical interpretation of the disease anddetermines the tactics of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of chronicgingivitis and hyperkeratotic processes of the mucous membrane in youngpeople

The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is exposed to high antigenic load. First of all, keratinocytes are exposed to harmful effects, and the level of body resistance to damaged agents depends on their functional lability. Nevertheless, there is currently practically no data on changes in the cellular composition of the epithelial layers of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed and immune control of this process under prosthetics (Y. Kimura et al., 2012).

The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is exposed to high antigenic load. First of all, keratinocytes are exposed to harmful effects, and the level of body resistance to damaged agents depends on their functional lability. Nevertheless, there is currently practically no data on changes in the cellular composition of the epithelial layers of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed and immune control of this process under prosthetics (Y. Kimura et al., 2012).

The clinical and laboratory and anamnestic signs formulated in the studies(Chepurkova O. A., Chesnokova M. G., 2009; Semenikova N. V.,Semennikov V. I., Logvinov S. V., 2011; Bulkina N. V., Delelinskaya V.T., Brill G. E., 2014) suggest the probability of candida-associatedpathology of periodontal tissues. The need to determine the concentration ofCandida is due to the subsequent clinical interpretation of the disease anddetermines the tactics of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of chronicgingivitis and hyperkeratotic processes of the mucous membrane in youngpeople

Cancer of the fallopian tube is 150 times less common than ovarian carcinoma (IARC, 2012, Prat J., 2014,). A new look at fallopian tube cancer, ovarian cancer, and peritoneal cancer dates back to the mid-2000s, when intraepithelial carcinoma was found not in the ovary, but in the fallopian tube, in the fimbrial region, among patients with BRCA mutations who underwent preventive adnexectomy. The small number of observations makes it difficult to determine the etiological and prognostic factors inherent in fallopian tube cancer.

The mucous membrane of the oral cavity is exposed to high antigenic load. First of all, keratinocytes are exposed to harmful effects, and the level of body resistance to damaged agents depends on their functional lability. Nevertheless, there is currently practically no data on changes in the cellular composition of the epithelial layers of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed and immune control of this process under prosthetics (Y. Kimura et al., 2012).

Background Ephippidae fish are characterized by a discoid shape with a very small visceral cavity. Among them Platax orbicularis has a high economic potential due to its flesh quality and flesh to carcass ratio. Nonetheless, the development of its aquaculture is limited by high mortality rates, especially due to Tenacibaculum maritimum infection, occurring one to three weeks after the transfer of fishes from bio-secure land-based aquaculture system to the lagoon cages for growth. Among the lines of defense against this microbial infection, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is less studied. The knowledge about the morphofunctional anatomy of this organ in P. orbicularis is still scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study are to characterize the GIT in non-infected P. orbicularis juveniles to then investigate the impact of T. maritimum on this multifunctional organ. Methods In the first place, the morpho-anatomy of the GIT in non-infected individuals was characterized using various histological techniques. Then, infected individuals, experimentally challenged by T. maritimum were analysed and compared to the previously established GIT reference. Results The overlapped shape of the GIT of P. orbicularis is probably due to its constrained compaction in a narrow visceral cavity. Firstly, the GIT was divided into 10 sections, from the esophagus to the rectum. For each section, the structure of the walls was characterized, with a focus on mucus secretions and the presence of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. An identification key allowing the characterization of the GIT sections using in toto histology is given. Secondly, individuals challenged with T. maritimum exhibited differences in mucus type and proportion and, modifications in the mucosal and muscle layers. These changes could induce an imbalance in the trade-off between the GIT functions which may be in favour of protection and immunity to the disadvantage of nutrition capacities.

Background Ephippidae fish are characterized by a discoid shape with a very small visceral cavity. Among them Platax orbicularis has a high economic potential due to its flesh quality and flesh to carcass ratio. Nonetheless, the development of its aquaculture is limited by high mortality rates, especially due to Tenacibaculum maritimum infection, occurring one to three weeks after the transfer of fishes from bio-secure land-based aquaculture system to the lagoon cages for growth. Among the lines of defense against this microbial infection, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is less studied. The knowledge about the morphofunctional anatomy of this organ in P. orbicularis is still scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study are to characterize the GIT in non-infected P. orbicularis juveniles to then investigate the impact of T. maritimum on this multifunctional organ. Methods In the first place, the morpho-anatomy of the GIT in non-infected individuals was characterized using various histological techniques. Then, infected individuals, experimentally challenged by T. maritimum were analysed and compared to the previously established GIT reference. Results The overlapped shape of the GIT of P. orbicularis is probably due to its constrained compaction in a narrow visceral cavity. Firstly, the GIT was divided into 10 sections, from the esophagus to the rectum. For each section, the structure of the walls was characterized, with a focus on mucus secretions and the presence of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. An identification key allowing the characterization of the GIT sections using in toto histology is given. Secondly, individuals challenged with T. maritimum exhibited differences in mucus type and proportion and, modifications in the mucosal and muscle layers. These changes could induce an imbalance in the trade-off between the GIT functions which may be in favour of protection and immunity to the disadvantage of nutrition capacities.

Background Ephippidae fish are characterized by a discoid shape with a very small visceral cavity. Among them Platax orbicularis has a high economic potential due to its flesh quality and flesh to carcass ratio. Nonetheless, the development of its aquaculture is limited by high mortality rates, especially due to Tenacibaculum maritimum infection, occurring one to three weeks after the transfer of fishes from bio-secure land-based aquaculture system to the lagoon cages for growth. Among the lines of defense against this microbial infection, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is less studied. The knowledge about the morphofunctional anatomy of this organ in P. orbicularis is still scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study are to characterize the GIT in non-infected P. orbicularis juveniles to then investigate the impact of T. maritimum on this multifunctional organ. Methods In the first place, the morpho-anatomy of the GIT in non-infected individuals was characterized using various histological techniques. Then, infected individuals, experimentally challenged by T. maritimum were analysed and compared to the previously established GIT reference. Results The overlapped shape of the GIT of P. orbicularis is probably due to its constrained compaction in a narrow visceral cavity. Firstly, the GIT was divided into 10 sections, from the esophagus to the rectum. For each section, the structure of the walls was characterized, with a focus on mucus secretions and the presence of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. An identification key allowing the characterization of the GIT sections using in toto histology is given. Secondly, individuals challenged with T. maritimum exhibited differences in mucus type and proportion and, modifications in the mucosal and muscle layers. These changes could induce an imbalance in the trade-off between the GIT functions which may be in favour of protection and immunity to the disadvantage of nutrition capacities.

Background Ephippidae fish are characterized by a discoid shape with a very small visceral cavity. Among them Platax orbicularis has a high economic potential due to its flesh quality and flesh to carcass ratio. Nonetheless, the development of its aquaculture is limited by high mortality rates, especially due to Tenacibaculum maritimum infection, occurring one to three weeks after the transfer of fishes from bio-secure land-based aquaculture system to the lagoon cages for growth. Among the lines of defense against this microbial infection, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is less studied. The knowledge about the morphofunctional anatomy of this organ in P. orbicularis is still scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study are to characterize the GIT in non-infected P. orbicularis juveniles to then investigate the impact of T. maritimum on this multifunctional organ. Methods In the first place, the morpho-anatomy of the GIT in non-infected individuals was characterized using various histological techniques. Then, infected individuals, experimentally challenged by T. maritimum were analysed and compared to the previously established GIT reference. Results The overlapped shape of the GIT of P. orbicularis is probably due to its constrained compaction in a narrow visceral cavity. Firstly, the GIT was divided into 10 sections, from the esophagus to the rectum. For each section, the structure of the walls was characterized, with a focus on mucus secretions and the presence of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump. An identification key allowing the characterization of the GIT sections using in toto histology is given. Secondly, individuals challenged with T. maritimum exhibited differences in mucus type and proportion and, modifications in the mucosal and muscle layers. These changes could induce an imbalance in the trade-off between the GIT functions which may be in favour of protection and immunity to the disadvantage of nutrition capacities.

Ayurveda was well established at the time of Samhita Kala, it was  known as wonderful era of Ayurveda. This era gives great  knowledge about Kala Sharir and concerned subject. In Sharir  Sthan, Sushrut has described the Sapta Kala, which is an  evidence of insight on microscopic level. The Kala is explained  as an interface between Dhatu and Ashaya that provides a barrier  between the two. Some instant Ayurvedic researcher and experts  have considered only one feature of Pittadhara Kala that is  digesion These seven Kala are constituted with Snayu, impregnated in Jarayu and encased in  Shleshma. Healthy life depends on Samagni and root cause of all disease is Mandagni, thus being  the site of Agni. Pittadhara Kala is also called as Grahani, which is the Main site of Agni as  Acharyas. It occupies some important digestive part of GIT. It is correlated with mucous  membrane of the part of GIT, which extend from lower part of stomach to ileocecal junction&nbsp

Outline Epidemiology Anatomy/Physiology Diagnosis Pathophysiology Treatment Complications

Respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLFs) are a heterogeneous group of substances covering the respiratory tract epithelial cells (RTECs) from nasal mucosa to alveoli. Antioxidant contained in the RTLFs can be expected to provide an initial defense against inhaled environmental toxins. The major antioxidants in RTLF include mucin, uric acid, protein (largely albumin), ascorbic acid, and reduced glutathione (GSH). RTLF antioxidants can be augmented by such processes as transudation/exudation of plasma constituents; RTEC secretory processes, including glandular mucus secretion; and cellular antioxidants derived from lysis of RTECs and of inflammatory cells. The antioxidant composition of RTLFs and their role in modulating normal and pathophysiologic RTEC functions under conditions of oxidative stress are yet to be fully characterized.

Respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLFs) are a heterogeneous group of substances covering the respiratory tract epithelial cells (RTECs) from nasal mucosa to alveoli. Antioxidant contained in the RTLFs can be expected to provide an initial defense against inhaled environmental toxins. The major antioxidants in RTLF include mucin, uric acid, protein (largely albumin), ascorbic acid, and reduced glutathione (GSH). RTLF antioxidants can be augmented by such processes as transudation/exudation of plasma constituents; RTEC secretory processes, including glandular mucus secretion; and cellular antioxidants derived from lysis of RTECs and of inflammatory cells. The antioxidant composition of RTLFs and their role in modulating normal and pathophysiologic RTEC functions under conditions of oxidative stress are yet to be fully characterized.