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1. Progression of non-obstructive coronary plaque: a practical CCTA-based risk score from the PARADIGM registry

Author: Pontone, G, Rossi, A, Baggiano, A, Andreini, D, Conte, E, Fusini, L, Gebhard, C, Rabbat, M, Guaricci, A, Guglielmo, M, Muscogiuri, G, Mushtaq, S, Al-Mallah, M, Berman, D, Budoff, M, Cademartiri, F, Chinnaiyan, K, Choi, J, Chun, E, de Araujo Goncalves, P, Gottlieb, I, Hadamitzky, M, Kim, Y, Lee, B, Lee, S, Maffei, E, Marques, H, Samady, H, Shin, S, Sung, J, van Rosendael, A, Virmani, R, Bax, J, Leipsic, J, Lin, F, Min, J, Narula, J, Shaw, L, Chang, H, Pontone G., Rossi A., Baggiano A., Andreini D., Conte E., Fusini L., Gebhard C., Rabbat M. G., Guaricci A., Guglielmo M., Muscogiuri G., Mushtaq S., Al-Mallah M. H., Berman D. S., Budoff M. J., Cademartiri F., Chinnaiyan K., Choi J. H., Chun E. J., de Araujo Goncalves P., Gottlieb I., Hadamitzky M., Kim Y. J., Lee B. K., Lee S. -E., Maffei E., Marques H., Samady H., Shin S., Sung J. M., van Rosendael A., Virmani R., Bax J. J., Leipsic J. A., Lin F. Y., Min J. K., Narula J., Shaw L. J., Chang H. -J., Pontone, G, Rossi, A, Baggiano, A, Andreini, D, Conte, E, Fusini, L, Gebhard, C, Rabbat, M, Guaricci, A, Guglielmo, M, Muscogiuri, G, Mushtaq, S, Al-Mallah, M, Berman, D, Budoff, M, Cademartiri, F, Chinnaiyan, K, Choi, J, Chun, E, de Araujo Goncalves, P, Gottlieb, I, Hadamitzky, M, Kim, Y, Lee, B, Lee, S, Maffei, E, Marques, H, Samady, H, Shin, S, Sung, J, van Rosendael, A, Virmani, R, Bax, J, Leipsic, J, Lin, F, Min, J, Narula, J, Shaw, L, Chang, H, Pontone G., Rossi A., Baggiano A., Andreini D., Conte E., Fusini L., Gebhard C., Rabbat M. G., Guaricci A., Guglielmo M., Muscogiuri G., Mushtaq S., Al-Mallah M. H., Berman D. S., Budoff M. J., Cademartiri F., Chinnaiyan K., Choi J. H., Chun E. J., de Araujo Goncalves P., Gottlieb I., Hadamitzky M., Kim Y. J., Lee B. K., Lee S. -E., Maffei E., Marques H., Samady H., Shin S., Sung J. M., van Rosendael A., Virmani R., Bax J. J., Leipsic J. A., Lin F. Y., Min J. K., Narula J., Shaw L. J., and Chang H. -J.
Abstract: Objectives: No clear recommendations are endorsed by the different scientific societies on the clinical use of repeat coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to develop and validate a practical CCTA risk score to predict medium-term disease progression in patients at a low-to-intermediate probability of CAD. Methods: Patients were part of the Progression of AtheRosclerotic PlAque Determined by Computed Tomographic Angiography Imaging (PARADIGM) registry. Specifically, 370 (derivation cohort) and 219 (validation cohort) patients with two repeat, clinically indicated CCTA scans, non-obstructive CAD, and absence of high-risk plaque (≥ 2 high-risk features) at baseline CCTA were included. Disease progression was defined as the new occurrence of ≥ 50% stenosis and/or high-risk plaque at follow-up CCTA. Results: In the derivation cohort, 104 (28%) patients experienced disease progression. The median time interval between the two CCTAs was 3.3 years (2.7–4.8). Odds ratios for disease progression derived from multivariable logistic regression were as follows: 4.59 (95% confidence interval: 1.69–12.48) for the number of plaques with spotty calcification, 3.73 (1.46–9.52) for the number of plaques with low attenuation component, 2.71 (1.62–4.50) for 25–49% stenosis severity, 1.47 (1.17–1.84) for the number of bifurcation plaques, and 1.21 (1.02–1.42) for the time between the two CCTAs. The C-statistics of the model were 0.732 (0.676–0.788) and 0.668 (0.583–0.752) in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. Conclusions: The new CCTA-based risk score is a simple and practical tool that can predict mid-term CAD progression in patients with known non-obstructive CAD. Clinical relevance statement: The clinical implementation of this new CCTA-based risk score can help promote the management of patients with non-obstructive coronary disease in terms of timing of imaging follow-u
Published: 2024

2. EVALUATING INNOVATIVE APPROCHES TO ENAGAGING STUDENTS IN LEARNING ABOUT BLACK MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE

Author: Mushtaq, Fatima, Mushtaq, Fatima, Mushtaq, Fatima, and Mushtaq, Fatima
Abstract: African American women in the United States are three to four times more likely to experiencepreventable pregnancy-related deaths than women in any other race group. A growing body ofresearch shows that systematic and medical racism, low health literacy and power-imbalance indoctor-patient relationship in healthcare delivery are the major contributing factors of pregnancy-related deaths in Black women. The death rate of Black women due to complications related topregnancy and childbirth – known as Black Maternal Mortality Rate – was 44.0 per 100,000 livebirths in 2019, which then increased to 55.3 in 2020 and 68.9 in 2021. In an effort to improvehealth risks, reduce inequalities in healthcare settings, and achieve better maternal healthoutcome, pre-medical students must learn about contributing factors of high death rates ofAfrican American women. This study will explore the use of branching scenario of h5p moduleto raise awareness among pre-medical students about underlying causes of high Black mortalityrate with emphasis on unconscious bias – deeply ingrained assumptions against certain group ofpeople – and to equip them with skills that will be valuable for their future career in medicine.The implementation of interactive, scenario based H5P module in the study is expected tosignificantly improve the pre-medical students’ understanding of challenges, faced by AfricanAmerican women during pregnancy, by fostering curiosity about this real-world issue throughactive engagement, reflection, and reconstruction of experiences.
Published: 2024

3. Colony phase variation switch modulates antimicrobial tolerance and biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii

Author: Mushtaq, Fizza, Nadeem, Aftab, Yabrag, Abdelbasset, Bala, Anju, Karah, Nabil, Zlatkov, Nikola, Wai, Sun Nyunt, Uhlin, Bernt Eric, Ahmad, Irfan, Mushtaq, Fizza, Nadeem, Aftab, Yabrag, Abdelbasset, Bala, Anju, Karah, Nabil, Zlatkov, Nikola, Wai, Sun Nyunt, Uhlin, Bernt Eric, and Ahmad, Irfan
Abstract: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causes one of the most difficult-to-treat nosocomial infections. Polycationic drugs like polymyxin B or colistin and tetracycline drugs such as doxycycline or minocycline are commonly used to treat infections caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. Here, we show that a subpopulation of cells associated with the opaque/translucent colony phase variation by A. baumannii AB5075 displays differential tolerance to subinhibitory concentrations of colistin and tetracycline. Using a variety of microscopic techniques, we demonstrate that extracellular polysaccharide moieties mediate colistin tolerance to opaque A. baumannii at single-cell level and that mushroom-shaped biofilm structures protect opaque bacteria at the community level. The colony switch phenotype is found to alter several traits of A. baumannii, including long-term survival under desiccation, tolerance to ethanol, competition with Escherichia coli, and intracellular survival in the environmental model host Acanthamoeba castellanii. Additionally, our findings suggest that extracellular DNA associated with membrane vesicles can promote colony switching in a DNA recombinase-dependent manner. Importance: As a WHO top-priority drug-resistant microbe, Acinetobacter baumannii significantly contributes to hospital-associated infections worldwide. One particularly intriguing aspect is its ability to reversibly switch its colony morphotype on agar plates, which has been remarkably underexplored. In this study, we employed various microscopic techniques and phenotypic assays to investigate the colony phase variation switch under different clinically and environmentally relevant conditions. Our findings reveal that the presence of a poly N-acetylglucosamine-positive extracellular matrix layer contributes to the protection of bacteria from the bactericidal effects of colistin. Furthermore, we provide intriguing insights into the multicellular lifestyle of A. baumannii, spe
Published: 2024
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4. Who is absent and why? Factors affecting doctor absenteeism in Bangladesh

Author: Islam, Mir Raihanul; Angell, Blake; Naher, Nahitun; Islam, Bushra Zarin; Khan, Mushtaq Husain; McKee, Martin; Hutchinson, Eleanor; Balabanova, Dina; Ahmed, Syed Masud and Islam, Mir Raihanul; Angell, Blake; Naher, Nahitun; Islam, Bushra Zarin; Khan, Mushtaq Husain; McKee, Martin; Hutchinson, Eleanor; Balabanova, Dina; Ahmed, Syed Masud
Abstract: Poverty, Gender, and Inclusion (PGI); Food and Nutrition Policy, Absenteeism by doctors in public healthcare facilities in rural Bangladesh is a form of chronic rule-breaking and is recognised as a critical problem by the government. We explored the factors underlying this phenomenon from doctors’ perspectives. We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional survey in four government hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Junior doctors with experience in rural postings were interviewed to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, work and living experience at the rural facilities, and associations with professional and social networks. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with rural retention. Of 308 respondents, 74% reported having served each term of their rural postings without interruptions. The main reasons for absenteeism reported by those who interrupted rural postings were formal training opportunities (65%), family commitments (41%), and a miscellaneous group of others (17%). Almost half of the respondents reported unmanageable workloads. Most (96%) faced challenges in their last rural posting, such as physically unsafe environments (70%), verbally abusive behaviour by patients/caregivers (67%) and absenteeism by colleagues that impacted them (48%). Respondents who did not serve their entire rural posting were less likely to report an unmanageable workload than respondents who did (AOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.22–0.70). Respondents with connections to influential people in the local community had a 2.4 times higher chance of serving in rural facilities without interruption than others (AOR 2.40, 95% CI 1.26–4.57). Our findings demonstrate that absenteeism is not universal and depends upon doctors’ socio-political networks. Policy interventions rarely target unsupportive or threatening behaviour by caregivers and community members, a pivotal disincentive to doctors’ willingness to work in underserved rural areas. Policy responses must promote opportunities for doctors with weak networks who are
Published: 2024

5. Exploring the Portrayal of Masculinity in Howard Jacobson’s The Finkler Question: A Postmodern Perspective

Author: Ahmed, Toqeer, Mahmood, Hifsa, Mushtaq, Aniqa, Iftikhar, Amina, Ahmed, Toqeer, Mahmood, Hifsa, Mushtaq, Aniqa, and Iftikhar, Amina
Abstract: This research article explores the portrayal of masculinity in Howard Jacobson’s novel, The Finkler Question, through a postmodern lens. It examines how the novel challenges traditional beliefs about masculinity and male identity, drawing on Jean-Francois Lyotard and Judith Butler to explore the fluid and contested nature of masculinity. Using textual analysis, the study focuses on themes of ageing, sexuality, and power in the portrayal of male characters and their relationships. The findings reveal that these characters navigate complex and contradictory identities, challenging conventional notions of masculinity. The novel critically reflects the socio-political context of contemporary Europe, highlighting diverse expressions of masculinity and the impact of societal expectations and traditional gender roles on male identity. Through its characters, the novel envisions a more inclusive and diverse understanding of male identity, emphasizing the fluid and evolving nature of masculinity. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on gender and identity by demonstrating how The Finkler Question provides valuable insights into the nuanced nature of masculinity in contemporary Europe. The novel's critique of traditional masculinity underscores the need for a more inclusive understanding of male identity and highlights the importance of a postmodern perspective in grasping the fluid nature of masculinity in modern society.
Published: 2024

6. The Impact of ICT Usage on Energy Consumption Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability in Developing Countries: An Empirical Analysis

Author: Mirza, Faisal Mehmood, Mushtaq, Iqra, Qurat-ul-Ann, Abre-Rehmat, Waheed, Tehreem, Mirza, Faisal Mehmood, Mushtaq, Iqra, Qurat-ul-Ann, Abre-Rehmat, and Waheed, Tehreem
Abstract: This study examines the impact of Information and Communication Technologies on energy consumption, energy efficiency, CO2 emissions, and renewable energy adoption in developing countries using the time span of 2007 to 2019 has been used. The results of Generalized Method of Moments reveal that ICT has a multifaceted impact on energy dynamics in developing countries. With increase in ICT adoption, energy consumption increase in developing countrues. Moreover, increase in usage increases CO2 emissions. We find that increase in oil prices encourages the adoption of energy-efficient technologies and reduce CO2 emissions. In constrats, we find limited effect of ICT on renewable energy mainly due to infrastructural barriers in developing countries.
Published: 2024

7. Exploring the Portrayal of Masculinity in Howard Jacobson’s The Finkler Question: A Postmodern Perspective

Author: Ahmed, Toqeer, Mahmood, Hifsa, Mushtaq, Aniqa, Iftikhar, Amina, Ahmed, Toqeer, Mahmood, Hifsa, Mushtaq, Aniqa, and Iftikhar, Amina
Abstract: This research article explores the portrayal of masculinity in Howard Jacobson’s novel, The Finkler Question, through a postmodern lens. It examines how the novel challenges traditional beliefs about masculinity and male identity, drawing on Jean-Francois Lyotard and Judith Butler to explore the fluid and contested nature of masculinity. Using textual analysis, the study focuses on themes of ageing, sexuality, and power in the portrayal of male characters and their relationships. The findings reveal that these characters navigate complex and contradictory identities, challenging conventional notions of masculinity. The novel critically reflects the socio-political context of contemporary Europe, highlighting diverse expressions of masculinity and the impact of societal expectations and traditional gender roles on male identity. Through its characters, the novel envisions a more inclusive and diverse understanding of male identity, emphasizing the fluid and evolving nature of masculinity. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on gender and identity by demonstrating how The Finkler Question provides valuable insights into the nuanced nature of masculinity in contemporary Europe. The novel's critique of traditional masculinity underscores the need for a more inclusive understanding of male identity and highlights the importance of a postmodern perspective in grasping the fluid nature of masculinity in modern society.
Published: 2024

8. Exploring the Portrayal of Masculinity in Howard Jacobson’s The Finkler Question: A Postmodern Perspective

Author: Ahmed, Toqeer, Mahmood, Hifsa, Mushtaq, Aniqa, Iftikhar, Amina, Ahmed, Toqeer, Mahmood, Hifsa, Mushtaq, Aniqa, and Iftikhar, Amina
Abstract: This research article explores the portrayal of masculinity in Howard Jacobson’s novel, The Finkler Question, through a postmodern lens. It examines how the novel challenges traditional beliefs about masculinity and male identity, drawing on Jean-Francois Lyotard and Judith Butler to explore the fluid and contested nature of masculinity. Using textual analysis, the study focuses on themes of ageing, sexuality, and power in the portrayal of male characters and their relationships. The findings reveal that these characters navigate complex and contradictory identities, challenging conventional notions of masculinity. The novel critically reflects the socio-political context of contemporary Europe, highlighting diverse expressions of masculinity and the impact of societal expectations and traditional gender roles on male identity. Through its characters, the novel envisions a more inclusive and diverse understanding of male identity, emphasizing the fluid and evolving nature of masculinity. This study contributes to the ongoing discussion on gender and identity by demonstrating how The Finkler Question provides valuable insights into the nuanced nature of masculinity in contemporary Europe. The novel's critique of traditional masculinity underscores the need for a more inclusive understanding of male identity and highlights the importance of a postmodern perspective in grasping the fluid nature of masculinity in modern society.
Published: 2024

9. PROGnostic RolE of strain measurements in stress cardiac MRI in predicting major adverse cardiac events

Author: Team Medisch, Circulatory Health, Team Onderzoek, Gezonde Vaten, Guglielmo, Marco, Fusini, Laura, Baessato, Francesca, Baggiano, Andrea, Mushtaq, Saima, Annoni, Andrea, Carerj, Maria Ludovica, Cilia, Francesco, Fazzari, Fabio, Formenti, Alberto, Gripari, Paola, Mancini, Maria Elisabetta, Marchetti, Francesca, Penso, Marco, Volpe, Alessandra, Tassetti, Luigi, Guaricci, Andrea Igoren, Muscogiuri, Giuseppe, Costantini, Pietro, van der Bilt, Ivo, van der Harst, Pim, Rabbat, Mark G, Rossi, Alexia, Fontana, Marianna, Pontone, Gianluca, Team Medisch, Circulatory Health, Team Onderzoek, Gezonde Vaten, Guglielmo, Marco, Fusini, Laura, Baessato, Francesca, Baggiano, Andrea, Mushtaq, Saima, Annoni, Andrea, Carerj, Maria Ludovica, Cilia, Francesco, Fazzari, Fabio, Formenti, Alberto, Gripari, Paola, Mancini, Maria Elisabetta, Marchetti, Francesca, Penso, Marco, Volpe, Alessandra, Tassetti, Luigi, Guaricci, Andrea Igoren, Muscogiuri, Giuseppe, Costantini, Pietro, van der Bilt, Ivo, van der Harst, Pim, Rabbat, Mark G, Rossi, Alexia, Fontana, Marianna, and Pontone, Gianluca
Published: 2024

10. Rationale and design of the CONFIRM2 (Quantitative COroNary CT Angiography Evaluation For Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational, Multicenter Registry) study

Author: Cardiologie, Team Medisch, van Rosendael, Alexander R., Crabtree, Tami, Bax, Jeroen J., Nakanishi, Rine, Mushtaq, Saima, Pontone, Gianluca, Andreini, Daniele, Buechel, Ronny R., Gräni, Christoph, Feuchtner, Gudrun, Patel, Toral R., Choi, Andrew D., Al-Mallah, Mouaz, Nabi, Faisal, Karlsberg, Ronald P., Rochitte, Carlos E., Alasnag, Mirvat, Hamdan, Ashraf, Cademartiri, Filippo, Marques, Hugo, Kalra, Dinesh, German, David M., Gupta, Himanshu, Hadamitzky, Martin, Deaño, Roderick C., Khalique, Omar, Knaapen, Paul, Hoffmann, Udo, Earls, James, Min, James K., Danad, Ibrahim, The CONFIRM 2 investigators, Cardiologie, Team Medisch, van Rosendael, Alexander R., Crabtree, Tami, Bax, Jeroen J., Nakanishi, Rine, Mushtaq, Saima, Pontone, Gianluca, Andreini, Daniele, Buechel, Ronny R., Gräni, Christoph, Feuchtner, Gudrun, Patel, Toral R., Choi, Andrew D., Al-Mallah, Mouaz, Nabi, Faisal, Karlsberg, Ronald P., Rochitte, Carlos E., Alasnag, Mirvat, Hamdan, Ashraf, Cademartiri, Filippo, Marques, Hugo, Kalra, Dinesh, German, David M., Gupta, Himanshu, Hadamitzky, Martin, Deaño, Roderick C., Khalique, Omar, Knaapen, Paul, Hoffmann, Udo, Earls, James, Min, James K., Danad, Ibrahim, and The CONFIRM 2 investigators
Published: 2024

11. An Extended-Directional Mix-Efficiency Measure: Performance Evaluation of OECD Countries Considering NetZero

Author: Taleb, Mushtaq, Emrouznejad, Ali, Charles, Vincent, Khalid, Ruzelan, Ramli, Razamin, Taleb, Mushtaq, Emrouznejad, Ali, Charles, Vincent, Khalid, Ruzelan, and Ramli, Razamin
Abstract: Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models make the assumption of controllable inputs and desirable outputs. However, in many real-world applications, there are two major issues facing the management of decision-making units. The first one is how to deal with uncontrollable inputs whose levels are determined by exogenous fixed factors. The second is how to deal with undesirable outputs that are accompanied by desirable outputs. The effect of the operating environment is frequently captured by uncontrollable inputs and undesirable outputs. The modulation of these two factors into a directional DEA model is still in its infancy in the DEA literature. This paper proposes new directional mix-efficiency measure and slacks-based measure models. These two efficiency models are proposed in the context of uncontrollable inputs and undesirable outputs. The new metric looks at how well the input and/or output mix should change to achieve a fully efficient status by decreasing controllable inputs and undesirable outputs and/or increasing desirable outputs while keeping uncontrollable inputs constant. The new mix-efficiency measure is based on the directional distance function and the slacks-based measure. The usefulness and applicability of the proposed models are assessed by measuring the eco-efficiency of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) countries. The aim of the application is to measure efficiency in the context of NetZero, with a specific focus on reducing CO2 emissions. The findings reveal that six countries—France, Luxembourg, Germany, Norway, Sweden, and the UK—have achieved eco-efficiency; therefore, these countries function in the constant returns-to-scale (CRS) region
Published: 2024

12. Head Teachers' Perspectives on Management Challenges in Public and Private Secondary Schools

Author: Ali, Romena, Mushtaq, Sadia, Ali, Romena, and Mushtaq, Sadia
Abstract: The study was designed to examine the management problems faced by head teachers of public and private schools at the secondary level. The objective of the study included identifying the management problems faced by both the head teachers of public as well as private schools at the secondary level including the rural and urban areas and suggesting measures to overcome these problems to improve the efficiency of the head teachers, so that they obtain the required objectives of management. This study was delimited to the Headteachers of Multan District. The sample of the study consisted of head teachers of public and private schools including rural and urban areas of Multan. Questionnaires were distributed to 350 head teachers. Questionnaires were collected from 38 rural and 63 urban male public school heads, 30 rural and 35 urban female public school heads and 31 rural and 45 urban male private school heads, 18 rural and 39 urban female Private School heads. Data was analyzed by applying Percentage, mean, and correlation. The findings and Conclusion of the study were arranged. There is a shortage of basic knowledge about Management. It was recommended that effective guidance and training are needed for head teachers to overcome management problems, especially in the public sector.
Published: 2024

13. Identifying Parental Needs for Sensory Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author: Mushtaq, Maria, Qureshi, Maria, Bashir, Rukhsana, Mushtaq, Maria, Qureshi, Maria, and Bashir, Rukhsana
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate and understand the sensory sensitivities in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), identify the challenges faced by their parents, assess the adequacy of current support services, and determine the specific needs of parents for additional guidance and support When a child has sensory sensitivity, it can have a big influence on their everyday life. It can change their comfort level, conduct, and capacity to do normal tasks. These sensitivity might make it difficult to handle day-to-day situations, which can have an impact on growth and general well-being. A quantitative survey design was employed with 125 parents (92 mothers, 33 fathers). Data were collected using a demographic information form and the need assessment Scale. Parents of children with ASD report moderate to high levels of sensory sensitivity, with average scores ranging from 1.98 to 2.32. They have low confidence in present management strategies, scoring between 1.38 and 1.69. They emphasize the need for a new intervention package and express a strong desire for it to be available in Urdu, with mean scores of 2.92 and 2.97, respectively. To effectively treat sensory sensitivity in children with ASD, the government should create user-friendly workshops and manuals, broaden access to professional counsel, and implement bilingual support packages.
Published: 2024

14. Head Teachers' Perspectives on Management Challenges in Public and Private Secondary Schools

Author: Ali, Romena, Mushtaq, Sadia, Ali, Romena, and Mushtaq, Sadia
Abstract: The study was designed to examine the management problems faced by head teachers of public and private schools at the secondary level. The objective of the study included identifying the management problems faced by both the head teachers of public as well as private schools at the secondary level including the rural and urban areas and suggesting measures to overcome these problems to improve the efficiency of the head teachers, so that they obtain the required objectives of management. This study was delimited to the Headteachers of Multan District. The sample of the study consisted of head teachers of public and private schools including rural and urban areas of Multan. Questionnaires were distributed to 350 head teachers. Questionnaires were collected from 38 rural and 63 urban male public school heads, 30 rural and 35 urban female public school heads and 31 rural and 45 urban male private school heads, 18 rural and 39 urban female Private School heads. Data was analyzed by applying Percentage, mean, and correlation. The findings and Conclusion of the study were arranged. There is a shortage of basic knowledge about Management. It was recommended that effective guidance and training are needed for head teachers to overcome management problems, especially in the public sector.
Published: 2024

15. Assessing the ecological risks and spatial distribution of heavy metal contamination at solid waste dumpsites

Author: Ilić, P., Ilić, S., Mushtaq, Z., Rashid, A., Stojanović Bjelić, L., Nešković Markić, D., Mrazovac Kurilić, S., Farooqi, Z.U.R., Jat Baloch, M.Y., Mehmood, Tariq, Ullah, Z., Riaz, S., Ilić, P., Ilić, S., Mushtaq, Z., Rashid, A., Stojanović Bjelić, L., Nešković Markić, D., Mrazovac Kurilić, S., Farooqi, Z.U.R., Jat Baloch, M.Y., Mehmood, Tariq, Ullah, Z., and Riaz, S.
Abstract: Soil samples from wild solid waste dumpsites were collected in the Bijeljina-Zvornik region (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina), and the concentrations potentionally toxic metals (Ni, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Fe and Al). The disposal of waste at wild dumpsites has emerged as a serious environmental challenge affecting both developed and developing countries. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the complex issue of wild dumpsites, focusing on the contamination of the environment with toxic metals. The improper disposal of solid waste has become a global concern, with wild dumpsites being a significant component of the problem. In accordance with national legislation, the mean values for Cd and Ni exceeded the limit values. Very strong positive correlations are observed between Zn and Cu, between Cd and Pb and between Ni and Cr. The ecological risk assessments for Mn are extremely high; for Ni and Pb, they are high; for Zn, Cu and Cr, they are appreciable; and for Cd, they are moderate. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Contamination Factor were used to evaluate metal pollution in soil samples. PLI values exceeding 1.0 in five samples signify soil pollution, supported by mean values indicating contamination. Research findings reveal different contamination levels, with Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn at low levels, and Ni and Cd at moderate levels. The visualized results of ecological risk assessments for heavy metals in the soil underscore the critical importance of continuous monitoring and effective management of heavy metals at illegal dumpsites to preserve and protect surrounding ecosystems. The use of Surfer 12 software and the kriging method has proven to be an invaluable tool for exploring the spatial distribution of toxic metals in the study area.
Published: 2024

16. Fabrication of WO3/ZnS; a direct Z-Scheme nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of aqueous 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

Author: Rashid, Jamshaid, Mushtaq, Shahzada, Imtiaz, Fatima, Xu, Ming, Rashid, Jamshaid, Mushtaq, Shahzada, Imtiaz, Fatima, and Xu, Ming
Abstract: In the present research, photocatalytic degradation of an emerging aqueous carcinogen 2, 4, 6-Trichlorophenol (TCP) was investigated using WO3/ZnS coupled photocatalysts under solar visible (SVL), simulated visible (VL) and ultraviolet irradiation (UVL). The nano -junctions were prepared by using simple co -precipitation method by varying the WO3 weight ratio (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt %) with respect to ZnS. The obtained pure and composite materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which confirmed the high crystallinity, purity, and chemical stability of the samples. During comparative studies, 5% WO3/ZnS (5% W/Z) exhibited 14%, 46% and 65% TCP degradation efficiency when exposed to variable irradiation sources; VL, SVL and UVL at initial pollutant concentration of 15 mgL-1. While the highest degradation efficiency reached up to 93% using 5% W/Z under UVL for 180 min. Photocatalytic studies indicated that 5% W/Z presented better separation of e -/h+ pairs and the highest charge transfer efficiency following the direct Z -scheme route, while scavenging tests revealed that electrons and superoxide radicals were active species which targeted the TCP molecules. Therefore, an emerging 'direct Z -scheme' based nanostructure can provide feasible solution for the treatment of waters contaminated with TCP and/or other chlorophenol derivatives.
Published: 2024

17. A new derivation of the amplitude of asymptotic oscillatory tails of weakly delocalized solitons

Author: Fodor, Gyula, Forgács, Péter, Mushtaq, Muneeb, Fodor, Gyula, Forgács, Péter, and Mushtaq, Muneeb
Abstract: The computation of the amplitude, $\alpha$, of asymptotic standing wave tails of weakly delocalized, stationary solutions in a fifth-order Korteweg-de Vries equation is revisited. Assuming the coefficient of the fifth order derivative term, $\epsilon^2\ll1$, a new derivation of the ``beyond all orders in $\epsilon$'' amplitude, $\alpha$, is presented. It is shown by asymptotic matching techniques, extended to higher orders in $\epsilon$, that the value of $\alpha$ can be obtained from the asymmetry at the center of the unique solution exponentially decaying in one direction. This observation, complemented by some fundamental results of Hammersley and Mazzarino [Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 424, 19 (1989)], not only sheds new light on the computation of $\alpha$, but also greatly facilitates its numerical determination to a remarkable precision for so small values of $\epsilon$, which are beyond the capabilities of standard numerical methods., Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures. Two Mathematica notebooks and a C code are provided as ancillary files
Published: 2024

18. Factors associated with changes in the quality of life and family functioning scores of primary caregivers of children and young people with primary brain tumors in Karachi, Pakistan : a prospective cohort study

Author: Zahid, Nida, Enam, Syed Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Kausar, Faiza, Hassan, Aneesa, Kamran Bakhshi, Saqib, Javed, Farrukh, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, Muhammad Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, Brown, Nick, Zahid, Nida, Enam, Syed Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Kausar, Faiza, Hassan, Aneesa, Kamran Bakhshi, Saqib, Javed, Farrukh, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, Muhammad Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, and Brown, Nick
Abstract: Background There are limited data available, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), on the long-term quality of life (QoL) and family functioning of primary caregivers of children and young people (CYPs) affected by primary brain tumors (PBTs). This study aimed to assess the factors associated with the mean change in QoL and family functioning scores of primary caregivers of CYP patients with PBTs 12 months posttreatment. Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled CYPs aged 5–21 years with newly diagnosed PBTs and their primary caregivers. The study was carried out between November 2020 and July 2023. The primary caregivers of CYPs were recruited from two major tertiary care centers in Karachi, Pakistan. The primary caregivers QoL were assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Family Impact Module. The assessment was undertaken by a psychologist at the time of diagnosis and 12 months posttreatment. The data were analyzed with STATA version 12. Results Forty-eight CYPs with newly diagnosed PBTs and their primary caregivers (46 mothers and 2 fathers) were enrolled. At 12 months posttreatment, 25 (52%) CYPs and their primary caregivers (mothers) were reassessed, and 23 (48%) were lost to follow-up. On multivariable analysis, a significant decrease in mothers’ mean 12-month posttreatment QoL and family functioning scores was associated with CYP having posttreatment seizures (beta= -10.2; 95% CI: -18.4 to -2.0) and with the financial burden associated with the CYP’s illness (beta= -0.3; 95% CI: -0.4 to -0.1). However, in those cases where CYP had higher posttreatment quality of life scores (beta = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.1, 0.6) and posttreatment higher verbal intelligence scores (beta = 0.1; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.3), the mothers’ QoL and family functioning scores were significantly greater. Conclusion We found a significant decrease in QoL of mothers who had a high financial burden and whose CYP had posttreatment seizures. However, those who
Published: 2024
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19. Predictors of neurocognition outcomes in children and young people with primary brain tumor presenting to tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan : a prospective cohort study

Author: Zahid, Nida, Enam, S. Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Javed, Farrukh, Kausar, Faiza, Hasan, Aneesa, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, M. Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, Brown, Nick, Zahid, Nida, Enam, S. Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Javed, Farrukh, Kausar, Faiza, Hasan, Aneesa, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, M. Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, and Brown, Nick
Abstract: Introduction Primary brain tumors are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children and young people (CYP) globally. Impaired neurocognitive function is a potential severe consequence in primary brain tumor (PBT) survivors. There are no in-depth studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to inform management and follow-up. The research questions of this study were as follows: Are the sociodemographic factors (lower age of CYP, female gender, low socioeconomic status, low parental education), disease-related factors (high grade of tumor, presence of seizures, presence of hydrocephalous), and treatment-related factors (adjuvant therapy, no surgical intervention, post-treatment seizures, placement of shunts) associated with decline in neurcognition outcomes 12 months post-treatment in CYP with PBTs? Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from November 2020 to July 2023 at the Aga Khan University Hospital and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. All CYP aged 5 to 21 years with a newly diagnosed PBTs were eligible. The neurocognition assessment was undertaken by a psychologist at two points, i.e., pre-treatment and at 12 months post-treatment using validated tools. The verbal intelligence was assessed by Slosson Intelligence tool, revised 3rd edition (SIT-R3), perceptual reasoning by Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM), and the Processing Speed Index by Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC V) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV). The data were analyzed by STATA version 12 software. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to determine the factors associated with the mean change in 12 months post-treatment verbal and non-verbal neurocognition scores. Unadjusted and adjusted beta coefficients with their 95% confidence intervals were reported. Results A total of 48 CYPs with PBTs were enrolled, 23 (48%) of them were lost to follow-up and 10 (21%) died. The remaining 25 (52%) were reassess
Published: 2024
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20. Factors associated with changes in the quality of life and family functioning scores of primary caregivers of children and young people with primary brain tumors in Karachi, Pakistan : a prospective cohort study

Author: Zahid, Nida, Enam, Syed Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Kausar, Faiza, Hassan, Aneesa, Kamran Bakhshi, Saqib, Javed, Farrukh, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, Muhammad Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, Brown, Nick, Zahid, Nida, Enam, Syed Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Kausar, Faiza, Hassan, Aneesa, Kamran Bakhshi, Saqib, Javed, Farrukh, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, Muhammad Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, and Brown, Nick
Abstract: Background There are limited data available, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), on the long-term quality of life (QoL) and family functioning of primary caregivers of children and young people (CYPs) affected by primary brain tumors (PBTs). This study aimed to assess the factors associated with the mean change in QoL and family functioning scores of primary caregivers of CYP patients with PBTs 12 months posttreatment. Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled CYPs aged 5–21 years with newly diagnosed PBTs and their primary caregivers. The study was carried out between November 2020 and July 2023. The primary caregivers of CYPs were recruited from two major tertiary care centers in Karachi, Pakistan. The primary caregivers QoL were assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Family Impact Module. The assessment was undertaken by a psychologist at the time of diagnosis and 12 months posttreatment. The data were analyzed with STATA version 12. Results Forty-eight CYPs with newly diagnosed PBTs and their primary caregivers (46 mothers and 2 fathers) were enrolled. At 12 months posttreatment, 25 (52%) CYPs and their primary caregivers (mothers) were reassessed, and 23 (48%) were lost to follow-up. On multivariable analysis, a significant decrease in mothers’ mean 12-month posttreatment QoL and family functioning scores was associated with CYP having posttreatment seizures (beta= -10.2; 95% CI: -18.4 to -2.0) and with the financial burden associated with the CYP’s illness (beta= -0.3; 95% CI: -0.4 to -0.1). However, in those cases where CYP had higher posttreatment quality of life scores (beta = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.1, 0.6) and posttreatment higher verbal intelligence scores (beta = 0.1; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.3), the mothers’ QoL and family functioning scores were significantly greater. Conclusion We found a significant decrease in QoL of mothers who had a high financial burden and whose CYP had posttreatment seizures. However, those who
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Predictors of neurocognition outcomes in children and young people with primary brain tumor presenting to tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan : a prospective cohort study

Author: Zahid, Nida, Enam, S. Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Javed, Farrukh, Kausar, Faiza, Hasan, Aneesa, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, M. Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, Brown, Nick, Zahid, Nida, Enam, S. Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Javed, Farrukh, Kausar, Faiza, Hasan, Aneesa, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, M. Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, and Brown, Nick
Abstract: Introduction Primary brain tumors are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children and young people (CYP) globally. Impaired neurocognitive function is a potential severe consequence in primary brain tumor (PBT) survivors. There are no in-depth studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to inform management and follow-up. The research questions of this study were as follows: Are the sociodemographic factors (lower age of CYP, female gender, low socioeconomic status, low parental education), disease-related factors (high grade of tumor, presence of seizures, presence of hydrocephalous), and treatment-related factors (adjuvant therapy, no surgical intervention, post-treatment seizures, placement of shunts) associated with decline in neurcognition outcomes 12 months post-treatment in CYP with PBTs? Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from November 2020 to July 2023 at the Aga Khan University Hospital and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. All CYP aged 5 to 21 years with a newly diagnosed PBTs were eligible. The neurocognition assessment was undertaken by a psychologist at two points, i.e., pre-treatment and at 12 months post-treatment using validated tools. The verbal intelligence was assessed by Slosson Intelligence tool, revised 3rd edition (SIT-R3), perceptual reasoning by Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM), and the Processing Speed Index by Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC V) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV). The data were analyzed by STATA version 12 software. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to determine the factors associated with the mean change in 12 months post-treatment verbal and non-verbal neurocognition scores. Unadjusted and adjusted beta coefficients with their 95% confidence intervals were reported. Results A total of 48 CYPs with PBTs were enrolled, 23 (48%) of them were lost to follow-up and 10 (21%) died. The remaining 25 (52%) were reassess
Published: 2024
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22. One hundred years of EEG for brain and behaviour research

Author: Mushtaq, Faisal, Welke, Dominik, Gallagher, Anne, Pavlov, Yuri G, Kouara, Layla, Bosch-Bayard, Jorge, van den Bosch, Jasper JF, Arvaneh, Mahnaz, Bland, Amy R, Chaumon, Maximilien, Borck, Cornelius, He, Xun, Luck, Steven J, Machizawa, Maro G, Pernet, Cyril, Puce, Aina, Segalowitz, Sidney J, Rogers, Christine, Awais, Muhammad, Babiloni, Claudio, Bailey, Neil W, Baillet, Sylvain, Bendall, Robert CA, Brady, Daniel, Bringas-Vega, Maria L, Busch, Niko A, Calzada-Reyes, Ana, Chatard, Armand, Clayson, Peter E, Cohen, Michael X, Cole, Jonathan, Constant, Martin, Corneyllie, Alexandra, Coyle, Damien, Cruse, Damian, Delis, Ioannis, Delorme, Arnaud, Fair, Damien, Falk, Tiago H, Gamer, Matthias, Ganis, Giorgio, Gloy, Kilian, Gregory, Samantha, Hassall, Cameron D, Hiley, Katherine E, Ivry, Richard B, Jerbi, Karim, Jenkins, Michael, Kaiser, Jakob, Keil, Andreas, Knight, Robert T, Kochen, Silvia, Kotchoubey, Boris, Krigolson, Olave E, Langer, Nicolas, Liesefeld, Heinrich R, Lippé, Sarah, London, Raquel E, MacNamara, Annmarie, Makeig, Scott, Marinovic, Welber, Martínez-Montes, Eduardo, Marzuki, Aleya A, Mathew, Ryan K, Michel, Christoph, Millán, José DR, Mon-Williams, Mark, Morales-Chacón, Lilia, Naar, Richard, Nilsonne, Gustav, Niso, Guiomar, Nyhus, Erika, Oostenveld, Robert, Paul, Katharina, Paulus, Walter, Pfabigan, Daniela M, Pourtois, Gilles, Rampp, Stefan, Rausch, Manuel, Robbins, Kay, Rossini, Paolo M, Ruzzoli, Manuela, Schmidt, Barbara, Senderecka, Magdalena, Srinivasan, Narayanan, Stegmann, Yannik, Thompson, Paul M, Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell, van der Molen, Melle JW, Veniero, Domenica, Verona, Edelyn, Voytek, Bradley, Yao, Dezhong, Evans, Alan C, Valdes-Sosa, Pedro, Mushtaq, Faisal, Welke, Dominik, Gallagher, Anne, Pavlov, Yuri G, Kouara, Layla, Bosch-Bayard, Jorge, van den Bosch, Jasper JF, Arvaneh, Mahnaz, Bland, Amy R, Chaumon, Maximilien, Borck, Cornelius, He, Xun, Luck, Steven J, Machizawa, Maro G, Pernet, Cyril, Puce, Aina, Segalowitz, Sidney J, Rogers, Christine, Awais, Muhammad, Babiloni, Claudio, Bailey, Neil W, Baillet, Sylvain, Bendall, Robert CA, Brady, Daniel, Bringas-Vega, Maria L, Busch, Niko A, Calzada-Reyes, Ana, Chatard, Armand, Clayson, Peter E, Cohen, Michael X, Cole, Jonathan, Constant, Martin, Corneyllie, Alexandra, Coyle, Damien, Cruse, Damian, Delis, Ioannis, Delorme, Arnaud, Fair, Damien, Falk, Tiago H, Gamer, Matthias, Ganis, Giorgio, Gloy, Kilian, Gregory, Samantha, Hassall, Cameron D, Hiley, Katherine E, Ivry, Richard B, Jerbi, Karim, Jenkins, Michael, Kaiser, Jakob, Keil, Andreas, Knight, Robert T, Kochen, Silvia, Kotchoubey, Boris, Krigolson, Olave E, Langer, Nicolas, Liesefeld, Heinrich R, Lippé, Sarah, London, Raquel E, MacNamara, Annmarie, Makeig, Scott, Marinovic, Welber, Martínez-Montes, Eduardo, Marzuki, Aleya A, Mathew, Ryan K, Michel, Christoph, Millán, José DR, Mon-Williams, Mark, Morales-Chacón, Lilia, Naar, Richard, Nilsonne, Gustav, Niso, Guiomar, Nyhus, Erika, Oostenveld, Robert, Paul, Katharina, Paulus, Walter, Pfabigan, Daniela M, Pourtois, Gilles, Rampp, Stefan, Rausch, Manuel, Robbins, Kay, Rossini, Paolo M, Ruzzoli, Manuela, Schmidt, Barbara, Senderecka, Magdalena, Srinivasan, Narayanan, Stegmann, Yannik, Thompson, Paul M, Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell, van der Molen, Melle JW, Veniero, Domenica, Verona, Edelyn, Voytek, Bradley, Yao, Dezhong, Evans, Alan C, and Valdes-Sosa, Pedro
Abstract: On the centenary of the first human EEG recording, more than 500 experts reflect on the impact that this discovery has had on our understanding of the brain and behaviour. We document their priorities and call for collective action focusing on validity, democratization and responsibility to realize the potential of EEG in science and society over the next 100 years.
Published: 2024

23. Factors associated with changes in the quality of life and family functioning scores of primary caregivers of children and young people with primary brain tumors in Karachi, Pakistan : a prospective cohort study

Author: Zahid, Nida, Enam, Syed Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Kausar, Faiza, Hassan, Aneesa, Kamran Bakhshi, Saqib, Javed, Farrukh, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, Muhammad Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, Brown, Nick, Zahid, Nida, Enam, Syed Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Kausar, Faiza, Hassan, Aneesa, Kamran Bakhshi, Saqib, Javed, Farrukh, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, Muhammad Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, and Brown, Nick
Abstract: Background There are limited data available, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), on the long-term quality of life (QoL) and family functioning of primary caregivers of children and young people (CYPs) affected by primary brain tumors (PBTs). This study aimed to assess the factors associated with the mean change in QoL and family functioning scores of primary caregivers of CYP patients with PBTs 12 months posttreatment. Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled CYPs aged 5–21 years with newly diagnosed PBTs and their primary caregivers. The study was carried out between November 2020 and July 2023. The primary caregivers of CYPs were recruited from two major tertiary care centers in Karachi, Pakistan. The primary caregivers QoL were assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Family Impact Module. The assessment was undertaken by a psychologist at the time of diagnosis and 12 months posttreatment. The data were analyzed with STATA version 12. Results Forty-eight CYPs with newly diagnosed PBTs and their primary caregivers (46 mothers and 2 fathers) were enrolled. At 12 months posttreatment, 25 (52%) CYPs and their primary caregivers (mothers) were reassessed, and 23 (48%) were lost to follow-up. On multivariable analysis, a significant decrease in mothers’ mean 12-month posttreatment QoL and family functioning scores was associated with CYP having posttreatment seizures (beta= -10.2; 95% CI: -18.4 to -2.0) and with the financial burden associated with the CYP’s illness (beta= -0.3; 95% CI: -0.4 to -0.1). However, in those cases where CYP had higher posttreatment quality of life scores (beta = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.1, 0.6) and posttreatment higher verbal intelligence scores (beta = 0.1; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.3), the mothers’ QoL and family functioning scores were significantly greater. Conclusion We found a significant decrease in QoL of mothers who had a high financial burden and whose CYP had posttreatment seizures. However, those who
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Predictors of neurocognition outcomes in children and young people with primary brain tumor presenting to tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan : a prospective cohort study

Author: Zahid, Nida, Enam, S. Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Javed, Farrukh, Kausar, Faiza, Hasan, Aneesa, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, M. Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, Brown, Nick, Zahid, Nida, Enam, S. Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Javed, Farrukh, Kausar, Faiza, Hasan, Aneesa, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, M. Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, and Brown, Nick
Abstract: Introduction Primary brain tumors are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children and young people (CYP) globally. Impaired neurocognitive function is a potential severe consequence in primary brain tumor (PBT) survivors. There are no in-depth studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to inform management and follow-up. The research questions of this study were as follows: Are the sociodemographic factors (lower age of CYP, female gender, low socioeconomic status, low parental education), disease-related factors (high grade of tumor, presence of seizures, presence of hydrocephalous), and treatment-related factors (adjuvant therapy, no surgical intervention, post-treatment seizures, placement of shunts) associated with decline in neurcognition outcomes 12 months post-treatment in CYP with PBTs? Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from November 2020 to July 2023 at the Aga Khan University Hospital and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. All CYP aged 5 to 21 years with a newly diagnosed PBTs were eligible. The neurocognition assessment was undertaken by a psychologist at two points, i.e., pre-treatment and at 12 months post-treatment using validated tools. The verbal intelligence was assessed by Slosson Intelligence tool, revised 3rd edition (SIT-R3), perceptual reasoning by Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM), and the Processing Speed Index by Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC V) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV). The data were analyzed by STATA version 12 software. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to determine the factors associated with the mean change in 12 months post-treatment verbal and non-verbal neurocognition scores. Unadjusted and adjusted beta coefficients with their 95% confidence intervals were reported. Results A total of 48 CYPs with PBTs were enrolled, 23 (48%) of them were lost to follow-up and 10 (21%) died. The remaining 25 (52%) were reassess
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Image-based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues: translational implications. A report of the International Immuno-oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

Author: Jahangir, CA, Page, DB, Broeckx, G, Gonzalez, CA, Burke, C, Murphy, C, Reis-Filho, JS, Ly, A, Harms, PW, Gupta, RR, Vieth, M, Hida, A, Kahila, M, Kos, Z, van Diest, PJ, Verbandt, S, Thagaard, J, Khiroya, R, Abduljabbar, K, Haab, GA, Acs, B, Adams, S, Almeida, JS, Alvarado-Cabrero, I, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, F, Badve, S, Baharun, NB, Bellolio, ER, Bheemaraju, V, Blenman, KRM, Fujimoto, LBM, Burgues, O, Chardas, A, Cheang, MCU, Ciompi, F, Cooper, LAD, Coosemans, A, Corredor, G, Portela, FLD, Deman, F, Demaria, S, Dudgeon, SN, Elghazawy, M, Fernandez-Martin, C, Fineberg, S, Fox, SB, Giltnane, JM, Gnjatic, S, Gonzalez-Ericsson, P, Grigoriadis, A, Halama, N, Hanna, MG, Harbhajanka, A, Hart, SN, Hartman, J, Hewitt, S, Horlings, HM, Husain, Z, Irshad, S, Janssen, EAM, Kataoka, TR, Kawaguchi, K, Khramtsov, A, Kiraz, U, Kirtani, P, Kodach, LL, Korski, K, Akturk, G, Scott, E, Kovacs, A, Laenkholm, A-V, Lang-Schwarz, C, Larsimont, D, Lennerz, JK, Lerousseau, M, Li, X, Madabhushi, A, Maley, SK, Narasimhamurthy, VM, Marks, DK, McDonald, ES, Mehrotra, R, Michiels, S, Kharidehal, D, Minhas, FUAA, Mittal, S, Moore, DA, Mushtaq, S, Nighat, H, Papathomas, T, Penault-Llorca, F, Perera, RD, Pinard, CJ, Pinto-Cardenas, JC, Pruneri, G, Pusztai, L, Rajpoot, NM, Rapoport, BL, Rau, TT, Ribeiro, JM, Rimm, D, Vincent-Salomon, A, Saltz, J, Sayed, S, Hytopoulos, E, Mahon, S, Siziopikou, KP, Sotiriou, C, Stenzinger, A, Sughayer, MA, Sur, D, Symmans, F, Tanaka, S, Taxter, T, Tejpar, S, Teuwen, J, Thompson, EA, Tramm, T, Tran, WT, van Der Laak, J, Verghese, GE, Viale, G, Wahab, N, Walter, T, Waumans, Y, Wen, HY, Yang, W, Yuan, Y, Bartlett, J, Loibl, S, Denkert, C, Savas, P, Loi, S, Stovgaard, ES, Salgado, R, Gallagher, WM, Rahman, A, Jahangir, CA, Page, DB, Broeckx, G, Gonzalez, CA, Burke, C, Murphy, C, Reis-Filho, JS, Ly, A, Harms, PW, Gupta, RR, Vieth, M, Hida, A, Kahila, M, Kos, Z, van Diest, PJ, Verbandt, S, Thagaard, J, Khiroya, R, Abduljabbar, K, Haab, GA, Acs, B, Adams, S, Almeida, JS, Alvarado-Cabrero, I, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, F, Badve, S, Baharun, NB, Bellolio, ER, Bheemaraju, V, Blenman, KRM, Fujimoto, LBM, Burgues, O, Chardas, A, Cheang, MCU, Ciompi, F, Cooper, LAD, Coosemans, A, Corredor, G, Portela, FLD, Deman, F, Demaria, S, Dudgeon, SN, Elghazawy, M, Fernandez-Martin, C, Fineberg, S, Fox, SB, Giltnane, JM, Gnjatic, S, Gonzalez-Ericsson, P, Grigoriadis, A, Halama, N, Hanna, MG, Harbhajanka, A, Hart, SN, Hartman, J, Hewitt, S, Horlings, HM, Husain, Z, Irshad, S, Janssen, EAM, Kataoka, TR, Kawaguchi, K, Khramtsov, A, Kiraz, U, Kirtani, P, Kodach, LL, Korski, K, Akturk, G, Scott, E, Kovacs, A, Laenkholm, A-V, Lang-Schwarz, C, Larsimont, D, Lennerz, JK, Lerousseau, M, Li, X, Madabhushi, A, Maley, SK, Narasimhamurthy, VM, Marks, DK, McDonald, ES, Mehrotra, R, Michiels, S, Kharidehal, D, Minhas, FUAA, Mittal, S, Moore, DA, Mushtaq, S, Nighat, H, Papathomas, T, Penault-Llorca, F, Perera, RD, Pinard, CJ, Pinto-Cardenas, JC, Pruneri, G, Pusztai, L, Rajpoot, NM, Rapoport, BL, Rau, TT, Ribeiro, JM, Rimm, D, Vincent-Salomon, A, Saltz, J, Sayed, S, Hytopoulos, E, Mahon, S, Siziopikou, KP, Sotiriou, C, Stenzinger, A, Sughayer, MA, Sur, D, Symmans, F, Tanaka, S, Taxter, T, Tejpar, S, Teuwen, J, Thompson, EA, Tramm, T, Tran, WT, van Der Laak, J, Verghese, GE, Viale, G, Wahab, N, Walter, T, Waumans, Y, Wen, HY, Yang, W, Yuan, Y, Bartlett, J, Loibl, S, Denkert, C, Savas, P, Loi, S, Stovgaard, ES, Salgado, R, Gallagher, WM, and Rahman, A
Published: 2024

26. Identifying Parental Needs for Sensory Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author: Mushtaq, Maria, Qureshi, Maria, Bashir, Rukhsana, Mushtaq, Maria, Qureshi, Maria, and Bashir, Rukhsana
Abstract: This study aims to evaluate and understand the sensory sensitivities in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), identify the challenges faced by their parents, assess the adequacy of current support services, and determine the specific needs of parents for additional guidance and support When a child has sensory sensitivity, it can have a big influence on their everyday life. It can change their comfort level, conduct, and capacity to do normal tasks. These sensitivity might make it difficult to handle day-to-day situations, which can have an impact on growth and general well-being. A quantitative survey design was employed with 125 parents (92 mothers, 33 fathers). Data were collected using a demographic information form and the need assessment Scale. Parents of children with ASD report moderate to high levels of sensory sensitivity, with average scores ranging from 1.98 to 2.32. They have low confidence in present management strategies, scoring between 1.38 and 1.69. They emphasize the need for a new intervention package and express a strong desire for it to be available in Urdu, with mean scores of 2.92 and 2.97, respectively. To effectively treat sensory sensitivity in children with ASD, the government should create user-friendly workshops and manuals, broaden access to professional counsel, and implement bilingual support packages.
Published: 2024

27. An Analysis of the Abuse of Dominance using Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled Price Discrimination from a Law and Economics Perspective

Author: Mushtaq, Shahzada Aamir, Hafeez, Malik Muhammad, Mushtaq, Shahzada Aamir, and Hafeez, Malik Muhammad
Abstract: This research examines AI-driven price discrimination in digital marketplaces, comparing it to competition law. While AI can enhance efficiency and customer welfare, it can also lead to exclusion and exploitative consequences. The EU and China have implemented competition laws and regulations to address unfair price discrimination, demonstrating that a legal reaction based on competition laws is not always necessary. Competition authorities must balance various factors to effectively address AI-driven price discrimination in digital markets. It evaluates the potential for abuse of dominance and the negative impact on competition and consumers. The research uses legal research methodology to examine price discrimination laws and their evolution, comparing them with traditional forms of dominance. It also examines the economic arguments of market efficiency and fairness, consumer detriment, and regulatory action. The paper recommends increased regulation of AI pricing and improved consumer protection measures to prevent unfair market conditions.
Published: 2024

28. Impact of Financial Revenues and Net Financial Payouts on Investment Efficiency: Evidence from U.S. Non-Financial Firms

Author: Nasir, Abdul Majid, Ahmed, Riaz, Muhammad Ayyoub, Muhammad, Mushtaq, Nasir, Abdul Majid, Ahmed, Riaz, Muhammad Ayyoub, and Muhammad, Mushtaq
Abstract: This study investigates the effects of financial revenues and net financial payouts on investment efficiency among U.S. non-financial corporations with a particular emphasis on underinvesting firms. This study utilized 20 years of panel data of U.S. non-financial corporations from 1999 to 2018 and deployed the cumulant estimator to investigate the study objectives. We found that financial revenues reduce investment efficiency. Financial revenues also increase underinvestment. This reducing effect of financial revenues on investment efficiency is more prominent in financially unconstrained firms when compared to financially constrained firms. In contrast, net financial payouts enhance investment efficiency and decrease underinvestment. The positive relationship of net financial payouts with investment efficiency is more compelling when considering the composite proxy of net financial payouts instead of net shares repurchases and net equity payouts. The relationship is also stronger during uncertainty. These results are robust to an alternative estimation method. This study's implications are important to firms, investors and governments, as investment efficiency is an important factor that enhances corporate long-term growth. Firms and investors looking to improve investment efficiency may reinvest the financial revenues in real assets to reduce underinvestment. They may also consider the net financial payouts instead of financial payouts when determining the real investment behavior.
Published: 2024

29. Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

Author: Podda, M, Di Martino, M, Pata, F, Nigri, G, Pisanu, A, Di Saverio, S, Pellino, G, Ielpo, B, Null, N, Tolla, A, Abdelkhalek, M, Emile, S, Dinagde, T, Bouzid, C, Mansour, A, Garzali, I, Aregawi, A, Zaghloul, T, Kchaou, A, Awad, S, Souadka, A, Ted, T, Saumtally, M, Ahmed, B, Bayileyegn, N, Nunziante, M, Shalaby, M, Debena, D, Zena, A, Adewunmi, O, Negasa, T, Bourguiba, M, Feituri, N, Kebede, K, Elfeki, H, Anas, A, Awad, A, Ermias, N, Hailemariam, D, Bejiga, G, Imana, R, Taffese, A, Feleke, T, Elghadban, H, Debela, B, Shiferaw, D, Tadesse, R, Chukwu, I, Mohammed, A, Hassen, K, Obiagwu, N, Tense, T, Taeme, M, Biniam, E, Tesfay, G, Tegegn, A, Teddy, T, Bekana, B, Nidaw, M, Ali, M, Gonfa, K, Kiros, S, Belay, T, Yallew, G, Wassie, C, Ayalew, A, Asfaw, F, Aimal, A, Casas, M, Madrid, F, Diaz-Elizondo, J, Merlo, I, De Campos, T, Schlottmann, F, Gomes, C, Hernández, E, Moncada-Ortega, A, Ramos-De la Medina, A, Vanerio, P, Morales, E, Stringfield, S, Gallardo, C, Fonseca, V, Muriel, M, Cantarino, F, Fichera, A, Rodriguez, A, Salinas, R, Crosbie, G, Menegozzo, C, Avellaneda, N, Briones, C, Varela, C, Lichliter, W, Koppel, D, Lenz, J, Pascual, F, Sibaja-Matamoros, D, Johnson, B, Mercado, O, Tita, A, Mukherjee, I, Lorenzo, I, Rueda, E, Rico, D, Terwes, N, Visag-Castillo, V, Escalante, K, Salvador, A, Pio, L, Rodas, E, Aguilar, J, Neri, I, Barzola, E, Barba, L, Zuchini, A, Acevedo, A, Gachabayov, M, Gonsaga, R, Bonilla, F, Knickerbocker, C, Tsouknidas, I, Salamea, J, Travers, L, Nari, G, Pachajoa, D, Valadez, M, Hale, L, Perez, G, Choudhry, A, Foreman, M, Brito, I, Ciro, M, Newton, C, Souza, H, Davis, D, Ferreira, R, Keller, D, Miguel, G, Singh-Ranger, G, Linares, N, Singares, E, Valdivieso, X, Teran, A, Vargas, L, Valinoti, A, Milne, D, Fleming, A, Quiroga-Garza, A, Espino, E, Bedros, N, Funk, G, Neves, F, Supit, T, Baba, A, Chalkoo, M, Kucuk, G, Sarmiento, R, Galeev, S, Korkoman, M, Yang, W, Medappil, N, Athar, R, Subramaniam, R, Chia, C, Alhazmi, A, Halder, S, Rusli, S, Rashid, A, Gülcü, B, Nagarajan, P, Rida, K, Jamiri, A, Batıkan, O, Khan, H, Mitul, A, Efetov, S, Junior, M, Gulcu, B, Farooqui, M, Mulpuri, V, Bagaria, D, Yusoff, A, Wani, R, Younis, M, Khobragade, K, Marwat, M, Bains, L, Kobe, Y, Koh, P, Tantravahi, U, Mohamad Mohamad, I, Abu-Arish, H, Yildirim, A, Ibrahim, A, Tan, J, Siagian, D, Bhattacharya, N, Chiu, J, Paramasvaran, G, Voon, K, Göktepe, B, Lee, L, Gupta, A, Rasheed, F, Al-Shehari, M, Syed, S, Bhat, P, Erdoğan, E, Roat, R, Nacion, A, Saraiya, S, Afolabi, A, Chai, F, Ghannam, W, Bhattacharya, K, Nl, H, Aloun, A, Bhatti, H, Koneti, A, Klib, M, Qureshi, A, Syn, N, Wani, A, Saeidi, S, Zeb, M, Bandaru, K, Menna, M, Morales-Conde, S, Gessa, E, Sánchez-Cabús, S, Spartalis, E, Antropoli, C, Manigrasso, M, Sica, G, Ercolani, G, Chitul, A, Bacchiocchi, G, Azevedo, J, Karamarkovic, A, Bonavina, L, Piozzi, G, Migueláñez, I, Merlini, D, Major, P, Grimaldi, L, Calu, V, Curro, G, Cotsoglou, C, Baldini, E, Delis, S, Kovacevic, B, Masetti, M, Selvaggi, F, Scabini, S, Reiti, A, Zullo, A, Giuliani, A, Alesina, P, Massey, L, Slesser, A, Neary, P, Sahnan, K, Colucci, G, Brady, R, Mihailescu, A, Adamina, M, Gerogiannis, I, van Ramshorst, G, Paradiso, G, Poto, G, Massaro, D, Nazir, F, Stubbs, B, Tasselli, F, Muñoz-Cruzado, V, Sabia, D, Vannelli, A, Marsella, V, Tomada, E, Giambusso, M, Davies, J, Uzzau, A, Balla, A, Scaringi, S, Lancellotti, F, Douka, E, Argenio, G, Cassese, G, Ammendola, M, Morelli, L, Francone, E, Bala, M, Thambi, P, Iacobone, M, Campisi, A, Tejedor, P, Spoletini, G, Mascherini, M, Belia, F, Idiz, U, Colak, E, Peters, P, Ros, E, Aytac, E, Vilallonga, R, Serrablo, A, Muttillo, E, Di Franco, G, Vanni, G, Isik, A, Sbacco, V, Tropeano, F, Porcellini, I, Butler, R, Fernandez, C, Papadopoulos, A, Salvans, S, Khan, J, Bellver, P, Mc Farlane, S, Apostolou, K, Tur-Martinez, J, Castellano, J, Santoliquido, M, Tallon-Aguilar, L, Celentano, V, Aliyev, V, al-Najami, I, Grama, F, Masior, Ł, Ciesielski, W, Luberto, A, Sparavigna, M, Klimczak, T, Negoi, I, Serradilla-Martín, M, Marinis, A, Cammarat, R, Bellido-luque, J, Manzo, C, Milana, F, Luglio, G, Zarnescu, N, Martínez, I, Olmi, S, Costea, R, Cerdán-Santacruz, C, Gica, N, Rompianesi, G, Gallo, G, Ridolfi, C, Sahid, S, Cc, T, López-Soler, G, Díaz, C, Mccawley, N, Luzzi, A, Abelló, D, Bonito, A, Ntomi, V, Gourgiotis, S, Pazos, N, Toscano, M, Zafra, D, Beisani, M, Oliva, A, Guler, M, Gómez, M, Oddis, L, Montcusí, B, Delgado, A, Lasarte, M, Antonacci, N, Sartori, A, Taylor, J, de Santos Iglesias, F, Mastronardi, M, Gunay, E, Yiu, A, Cano-Valderrama, O, Costantini, G, Digne-Malcolm, H, Petropoulou, T, Horesh, N, Kelly, M, Ahmed, N, Wyroslak-Najs, J, Naik, P, Vigorita, V, Michael, M, Castro, E, Paspala, A, D'Ambrosio, M, Pangeni, A, Dziakova, J, Terés, L, Lorente-Poch, L, Di Carlo, I, Spartalis, M, Moro-Valdezate, D, Davey, M, Turrado-Rodriguez, V, Tryliskyy, Y, Calussi, M, Farré, S, Labat, M, Marafante, C, Takkenberg, M, Brookes, C, Soares, A, Gialamas, E, Caputo, D, Corrons, L, Capitano, S, Charalabopoulos, A, Don, C, Marrano, E, Giuffrida, M, Tomasicchio, G, Bellato, V, Stijns, J, Creavin, B, Schizas, D, Blanco-Antona, F, Kykalos, S, Tartaglia, N, Pelegrina, A, Barranquero, A, Schena, C, Cremona, S, Baili, E, Cianci, P, Di Bella, A, Forcignanò, E, Fabbrizio, T, Salvetti, F, Inama, M, Campagnaro, T, Deerenberg, E, Reccia, I, Rocca, A, Fazio, F, Tampakis, A, Tepelenis, K, Di Meo, G, Konstantoudakis, G, Manatakis, D, Mineccia, M, Delvecchio, A, Faro, C, Rosso, E, Bandyopadhyay, S, Queffurus, M, Marin, J, Corvasce, A, Chillarge, G, Mohammed, M, Reid, R, Gherardi, D, Naeem, A, Pandanaboyana, S, Tayeh, S, Chevallay, M, Sergeant, G, Cuccomarino, S, Salimian, N, Kapsampelis, P, Ferretti, C, Glasbey, J, Harvitkar, R, Iqbal, M, de Oliveira, G, Pérez-Bertólez, S, Bergna, A, Brisinda, G, Rottoli, M, Roscio, F, Pedrazzani, C, Meyer, J, Marino, M, Brasset, C, Daniel, C, Devriendt, S, Soldini, G, Pennisi, D, Richards, C, Fiore, F, Bocchino, A, Au, S, Hernandez-Garcia, M, Frontali, A, Grossi, U, Lolis, E, Miotto, M, Di Filippo, G, Seretis, C, Barberis, A, De Luca, R, Levi Sandri, G, Reitano, E, Mattioli, M, Sciaudone, G, Fuschillo, G, Schiltz, B, Low, J, Bointas, G, Cozza, V, Delaune, V, Vescio, F, Curcio, S, Sevik, H, Santocchi, P, Stecca, T, Balaphas, A, Chessa, A, Leo, C, di Mola, F, Tarallo, M, Martini, F, Lisi, G, Khan, M, Nicolazzi, M, Pinotti, E, Morini, A, Esposito, G, Buonomo, O, Corallino, D, Demir, A, Roesel, R, De Lucia, C, Maruccia, M, Tekin, O, Pavone, G, Pradelle, I, Chrysikos, M, Farrukh, M, Baiocchi, G, Piras, C, Abellán, A, Olivieri, L, Materazzo, M, Carbone, L, Dulskas, A, Mulita, F, Corronca, F, Cappuccio, M, Smerieri, E, Sotiropoulu, M, Violante, T, Moletta, L, Rutegård, M, Brillantino, A, Landaluce-Olavarria, A, Ossola, P, Bono, D, Rosés, H, Perez-Sanchez, L, Sabbatini, S, Scotti, M, Cammarata, R, Ibáñez, N, Marano, A, Palmisano, S, Cascales-Sanchez, P, Mosca, V, Ballester, C, Iordache-Petrescu, M, Pozza, G, Akay, O, Bollino, R, Toti, J, Mascianà, G, Pach, R, Sensi, B, Natalia, S, Coppola, A, Altinel, Y, Brucchi, F, Guitart, M, Salido, A, Tamini, N, Garoufalia, Z, Mifsut, P, Wilkins, A, Navarro-Sánchez, A, Cestaro, G, Conti, L, Carvas, J, Gazia, C, Alonso, P, Spiezio, G, Maggi, G, Juloski, J, Braccio, B, Pañella, C, Freixa, C, Petrakis, G, Folliero, C, De Andrés-Asenjo, B, Iodice, A, Jansson, H, González, T, Ortega, I, Castro, M, Fernicola, A, Aparicio, A, Ortega, N, Chouliaras, C, Tura, M, Sidiropoulou, Z, Gonzalez, A, Augustin, G, Segura-Sampedro, J, Cuk, V, Piccolo, G, Ingallinella, S, Ortenzi, M, Uggeri, F, Carrabetta, S, Tolonen, M, Formisano, G, Manfredelli, S, Perra, T, Esposito, F, Perrone, G, Zacharis, G, Menéndez, J, Bottcher, S, Ioannidis, O, Borges, N, Sousa, X, Colombari, R, Tellez, C, Capolupo, G, Giuliani, G, Mastella, F, González, L, Merlini, I, Ghignone, F, de Sa, T, Mangana, O, Rodriguez-Lopez, M, Alvarez-Gallego, M, Chowdhury, A, Di Lascio, P, Carneros, V, Angrisani, M, Conte, L, Montiel, C, Ascari, F, Dajti, I, Lapolla, P, Sperotto, B, Mazzarella, G, Capuano, M, Lopez, M, Ferrario, L, Bulte, J, López, M, Guerci, C, Marra, A, Belkacem, A, Pérez, R, Panyko, A, Dimitrov, E, Luque, E, Manrique, M, Paranyak, M, Kaur, M, Barugola, G, Farazi-Chongouki, C, Estaire-Gómez, M, del Olmo, J, Nardo, B, Mutlu, A, Rubio, A, Marchegiani, F, Cereda, M, Vinci, D, Komaei, I, Petrucciani, N, Seyfried, S, Krsicka, P, Medas, F, Lesko, D, Murzi, V, Siragusa, L, Guerrero, M, Iranzo, M, Cestino, L, Pasculli, A, Smerieri, N, Benzoni, I, Festa, F, Jordão, D, Licardie, E, Nicolaescu, D, Balassone, V, La Vaccara, V, Romano, F, Adamovich, D, Papatheodorou, P, Maroni, N, Colás-Ruiz, E, Melberga, L, Chimenti, F, Ferrari, D, Arcudi, C, Police, A, De Simone, B, Sánchez-Guillén, L, Parreño-Manchado, F, Rachadell, J, Coletta, D, Saroglu, A, Pattacini, G, Antonelli, A, Anania, M, Litta, F, Lafranceschina, S, Bottari, A, Pavlovic, M, Rojas-Bonet, N, Tampaki, E, Kosir, J, Anelli, F, de las Casas, S, Kucukarslan, R, Pierobon, E, Milanesi, M, Drogouti, M, Sotiropoulou, M, Di Marco, F, Bannone, E, Sliwinski, S, Yildiz, I, Pellicciaro, M, Celotti, A, Malerba, M, Marino, F, Bourmpouteli, E, Bianco, G, Charitaki, E, Pascale, M, Ioannidis, A, Maraska, F, Petagna, L, Turri, G, Vailas, M, Romanzi, A, Pouwels, S, Rosa, F, Clocchiatti, L, Andreuccetti, J, Machairas, N, Frountzas, M, Lasithiotakis, K, Barone, M, Christodoulou, P, Potkonjak, D, Aiolfi, A, de Vries, H, Napetti, S, Castaldi, A, Botelho, P, Marziali, I, Uccelli, M, Pisano, M, Veroux, M, Locci, E, Romano, A, Cero, M, Cicerchia, P, Baldi, C, Russo, I, Tenconi, S, Saliu, F, Bondurri, A, Cardinali, L, Laracca, G, Martín-Pérez, B, Felsenreich, D, Cunha, M, Zerbo, D, Clementi, M, Delogu, D, Iossa, A, Bavikatte, A, Saracoglu, C, Pecorelli, N, Tufo, A, Biloslavo, A, Lianos, G, Carannante, F, Costanzo, A, Montuori, M, Cigognini, M, Silvestro, R, Atici, S, Milito, P, Ferronetti, A, Güngör, M, Di Venere, B, Puccioni, C, De Nobili, G, Selvaggi, L, Farolfi, T, Aeschbacher, P, Olivier, J, Frazzetta, G, Andriola, V, Giordano, A, De Luca, A, Ferrara, F, Casagranda, B, Sammartano, F, Russo, A, Rossi, S, Pacilli, M, Synekidou, E, Tutino, R, Ceresoli, M, De Rosa, M, Di Santo Albini, A, Vincenzi, P, Vellei, S, Benzoni, E, Murillo, G, Izzo, G, Scotto, B, Caruso, R, Colombo, F, D'Acapito, F, Lostoridis, E, Saladino, E, Poillucci, G, Moeckli, B, Manto, O, Kara, Y, Tatar, C, Cioffi, S, Mambrilla, S, Bianchi, V, Scopelliti, M, Agresta, F, Nava, A, Franchi, E, Fransvea, P, Prieto, M, Picardi, B, Rizzuto, A, Panaccio, P, Gussago, S, Marra, E, Addeo, P, Fernández Fernández, J, Gulmez, M, Pisaniello, D, Cannavo, M, López-López, V, Avella, P, Peloso, A, Bellanova, G, Candilio, G, Perotti, B, Granata, R, Florio, G, Ioia, G, Iannone, I, Ammerata, G, Zambon, M, Del Monte, S, Sasia, D, Fortuna, L, Litvin, A, Cannistra, M, De Padua, C, Sánchez, T, Paniagua-Garcia-Señorans, M, Guevara, J, Perfecto, A, Alconchel, F, Campanelli, M, Keci, L, Cricrì, M, Kampouroglou, G, Bagaglini, G, Farrarons, S, Greco, A, Walędziak, M, Serrano-Navidad, M, Van Doorn, B, Schiavo, C, Fabbri, N, Wani, I, Mondi, I, Anestiadou, E, Mendes, B, Verdi, D, Dorovinis, P, Cacciaguerra, A, Caldeira, B, Canonico, G, Dardanov, D, D'Ugo, S, Francis, F, Meneghini, S, Pesce, A, Puglisi, S, Bellini, M, Giordano, M, Fleres, F, Campus, F, Cillara, N, Moggia, E, Ciarleglio, F, Calini, G, Gravante, G, De Carlis, R, Altomare, M, Martines, G, Miggino, M, Marano, L, Stocco, A, Porcu, A, Pham, T, Gervasi, M, Pilia, T, Palomba, G, Picchetto, A, Spampinato, M, Tandoi, F, Piccoli, M, Gall, M, Santos, B, Agastra, E, Koëter, T, Samadov, E, Marsanic, P, Serena, D, Uzunoglu, M, Zanus, G, Braholli, E, Giovine, G, Galiffa, G, Lauricella, S, Lukmonov, S, Leventoglu, S, Chooklin, S, Dudi-Venkata, N, Gauci, C, Podda, Mauro, Di Martino, Marcello, Pata, Francesco, Nigri, Giuseppe, Pisanu, Adolfo, Di Saverio, Salomone, Pellino, Gianluca, Ielpo, Benedetto, null, null, Tolla, Ashenafi Negash, Abdelkhalek, Mohamed, Emile, Sameh, Dinagde, Tesfaye Aga, Bouzid, Chafik, Mansour, Ahmed Mohammed Farid Mahmoud, Garzali, Ibrahim Umar, Aregawi, Alazar Berhe, Zaghloul, Tarek M., Kchaou, Ali, Awad, Selmy S., Souadka, Amine, Ted, Tedla Gebretsadik, Saumtally, Mohammad Saad, Ahmed, Bensaad, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Nunziante, Marco, Shalaby, Mostafa, Debena, Dawit Gebregiorgis, Zena, Alemayehu Shanko, Adewunmi, Olayinka Lukman, Negasa, Tolera A., Bourguiba, Mohamed Aboulkacem, Feituri, Nura, Kebede, Kirubel Abebe, Elfeki, Hossam, Anas, Abdelhmed, Awad, Ahmed K., Ermias, Nebiyou, Hailemariam, Dagnachew H., Bejiga, Gosa Hundie, Imana, Ruhama Yoseph, Taffese, Abebe, Feleke, Tsega Terefe, Elghadban, Hosam Mohamed, Debela, Bizuneh Sime, Shiferaw, Desta, Tadesse, Robel, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Mohammed, Abdullahi Ibrahim, Hassen, Khalid Arebo, Obiagwu, Ndubuisi K., Tense, Tadesse H., Taeme, Mulugeta, Biniam, Ewnte, Tesfay, Goytom Knfe, Tegegn, Ayenachew Getachew, Teddy, Tewodros Abule Bilata, Bekana, Bekana L., Nidaw, Melkamu Kibret, Ali, Mahmoud Ibrahim, Gonfa, Kebebe Bekele, Kiros, Samuel, Belay, Tatek, Yallew, Gebeyaw Mengist, Wassie, Chekol, Ayalew, Alem Mekete, Asfaw, Fitsum Terefe, Aimal, Aimal Khan, Casas, Maria Agustina, Madrid, Fausto A., Diaz-Elizondo, Jose Antonio, Merlo, Ignacio Guillermo, De Campos, Tercio, Schlottmann, Francisco, Gomes, Carlos Augusto, Hernández, Edgard Efrén Lozada, Moncada-Ortega, Augusto, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Vanerio, Patricio, Morales, Emilio J., Stringfield, Sarah Beth, Gallardo, Cristian, Fonseca, Vinicius Cordeiro, Muriel, Maria Emilia, Cantarino, Frederico, Fichera, Alessandro, Rodriguez, Agustin E., Salinas, Roberto Paúl Andrade, Crosbie, Gonzalo Gabriel, Menegozzo, Carlos Augusto Metidieri, Avellaneda, Nicolas, Briones, Cristhian Gonzalo Aspiazu, Varela, Cristopher, Lichliter, Warren E., Varela, Cristopher L., Koppel, Darren, Lenz, Jorge Godoy, Pascual, Franco, Sibaja-Matamoros, Dauber A., Johnson, Benjamin E., Mercado, Octavio Avila, Tita, Agustín, Mukherjee, Indraneil, Lorenzo, Irving, Rueda, Erick, Rico, Douglas, Terwes, Natasha Loria, Visag-Castillo, Victor, Escalante, Karol S., Salvador, Alan Francisco Alfaro, Pio, Luca, Rodas, Edgar B., Aguilar, Juan Carlos Cardozo, Neri, Ignacio, Barzola, Ernesto J., Barba, Leonardo A., Zuchini, Andrés Mendoza, Acevedo, Ana Karen Radilla, Gachabayov, Mahir, Gonsaga, Ricardo Alessandro Teixeira, Bonilla, Fernando, Knickerbocker, Chase Barrett, Tsouknidas, Ioannis, Salamea, Juan C., Travers, Lawrence Albert Salter, Nari, Gustavo Adrian, Pachajoa, Diana Alejandra Pantoja, Valadez, Michel Hernandez, Hale, Lyman Lansing, Perez, Guillermo, Choudhry, Asad, Foreman, Michaael L., Brito, Ismael, Ciro, Mauricio Pedraza, Newton, Carla Joyce, Souza, Hamilton Petry, Davis, Daniel G., Ferreira, Rodrigo Vaz, Keller, Deborah S., Miguel, Gustavo Machain, Singh-Ranger, Gurpreet, Linares, Neiling Massiel Oviedo, Singares, Eduardo Smith, Valdivieso, Xavier HGarcía, Teran, Alfonso Ivan Sanchez, Vargas, Luis Felipe Cabrera, Valinoti, Agustín, Milne, David M., Fleming, Andrew Martin, Quiroga-Garza, Alejandro, Espino, Eduardo Morales, Bedros, Nicole Mary, Funk, Geoffrey A., Neves, Fernanda V. S., Supit, Tommy, Baba, Arshad Ahmed, Chalkoo, Mushtaq A., Kucuk, Gultekin Ozan, Sarmiento, Ray Inocencio, Galeev, Shamil I., Korkoman, Mohammed J., Yang, Wah, Medappil, Noushif, Athar, Rahmatullah, Subramaniam, Ravichandran, Chia, Chi Fung, Alhazmi, Ahmad, Halder, Subhadip, Rusli, Siti Mayuha, Rashid, Arshad, Gülcü, Barış, Nagarajan, Prasanth, Rida, Khaled, Jamiri, Al-Radjid, Batıkan, Oğuzkağan, Khan, Huma Ahmed, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Efetov, Sergey, Junior, Marcelo A. F. Ribeiro, Gulcu, Baris, Farooqui, Marryam Riaz, Mulpuri, Venu Bhargava, Bagaria, Dinesh, Yusoff, Ahmad Ramzi, Wani, Rauf, Younis, Muhammad Umar, Khobragade, Krunal H., Marwat, Muhammad Ibrahim, Bains, Lovenish, Kobe, Yoshiro, Koh, Peng Soon, Tantravahi, Umasankar, Mohamad Mohamad, Ikhwan Sani, Abu-Arish, Hamdoon, Yildirim, Ali Cihat, Ibrahim, Aini Fahriza, Tan, Jih Huei, Siagian, Dumaria Ketty, Bhattacharya, Neela, Chiu, Jennifer H. F., Paramasvaran, Ganendra, Voon, Kelvin, Göktepe, Berk, Lee, Lee Yeong Sing, Gupta, Amit, Rasheed, Faaiz, Al-Shehari, Mohammed, Syed, Syed Muhammad Ali, Bhat, Pawan Singh, Erdoğan, Emre, Roat, Rajesh, Nacion, Aeris Jane D., Saraiya, Swapnil Mukesh, Afolabi, Akinwale Ibrahim, Chai, Feng Yih, Ghannam, Wagih, Bhattacharya, Kaushik, NL, Harish, Aloun, Ali, Bhatti, Hamza Waqar, Koneti, Akshadhar J., Klib, Mohamad, Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair, Syn, Nicholas L., Wani, Ajaz, Saeidi, Sara, Zeb, Muhammad, Bandaru, Kalyan Vijay Kumar, Menna, Maria Paola, Morales-Conde, Salvador, Gessa, Emanuela, Sánchez-Cabús, Santiago, Spartalis, Eleftherios, Antropoli, Carmine, Manigrasso, Michele, Sica, Giuseppe S., Ercolani, Giorgio, Chitul, Andrei, Bacchiocchi, Giulia, Azevedo, José, Karamarkovic, Aleksandar, Bonavina, Luigi, Piozzi, Guglielmo N., Migueláñez, Isabel Pascual, Merlini, David, Major, Piotr, Grimaldi, Luciano, Calu, Valentin, Curro, Giuseppe, Cotsoglou, Christian, Baldini, Edoardo, Delis, Spiros, Kovacevic, Bojan, Masetti, Michele, Selvaggi, Francesco, Scabini, Stefano, Reiti, Andrian, Zullo, Alessia, Giuliani, Antonio, Alesina, Pier Francesco, Massey, Lisa H., Slesser, Alistair A. P., Neary, Peter M., Sahnan, Kapil, Tan, Jessica J., Colucci, Gianluca, Brady, Richard R. W., Mihailescu, Andrei, Adamina, Michel, Gerogiannis, Ioannis, van Ramshorst, Gabrielle, Paradiso, Giulia, Poto, Gianmario Edoardo, Massaro, Daniele, Nazir, Fozia, Stubbs, Benjamin M., Tasselli, Francesco Menegon, Muñoz-Cruzado, Virginia Durán, Sabia, Domenico, Vannelli, Alberto, Marsella, Valentina Enrica, Tomada, Elisa Paoluzzi, Giambusso, Mauro, Davies, Justin, Uzzau, Alessandro, Balla, Andrea, Scaringi, Stefano, Lancellotti, Francesco, Douka, Eleftheria, Argenio, Giulio, Cassese, Gianluca, Ammendola, Michele, Morelli, Luca, Francone, Elisa, Bala, Miklosh, Thambi, Prem, Iacobone, Maurizio, Campisi, Andrea, Tejedor, Patricia, Spoletini, Gabriele, Mascherini, Matteo, Belia, Francesco, Idiz, Ufuk Oguz, Colak, Elif, Peters, Paul Adewunmi, Ros, Emilio Peña, Aytac, Erman, Vilallonga, Ramon, Serrablo, Alejandro, Muttillo, Edoardo Maria, Di Franco, Gregorio, Vanni, Gianluca, Isik, Arda, Sbacco, Valentina, Tropeano, Francesca Paola, Porcellini, Iride, Butler, Rebecca Jayne, Fernandez, Carmen Cagigas, Papadopoulos, Aristeidis, Salvans, Silvia, Khan, Jan Sher, Bellver, Pedro Palazón, Mc Farlane, Sebastian Jeri, Apostolou, Konstantinos, Tur-Martinez, Jaume, Castellano, Javier Rivera, Santoliquido, Matteo, Tallon-Aguilar, Luis, Celentano, Valerio, Aliyev, Vusal, al-Najami, Issam, Grama, Florin A., Masior, Łukasz, Ciesielski, Wojciech J., Luberto, Antonio, Sparavigna, Marco, Klimczak, Tomasz Jerzy, Negoi, Ionut, Serradilla-Martín, Mario, Marinis, Athanasios, Cammarat, Roberto, Bellido-luque, Juan, Manzo, Carlo Alberto, Milana, Flavio, Luglio, Gaetano, Zarnescu, Narcis Octavian, Martínez, Isidro, Olmi, Stefano, Costea, Radu V., Cerdán-Santacruz, Carlos, Gica, Nicolae, Rompianesi, Gianluca, Gallo, Gaetano, Ridolfi, Cristina, Sahid, Saidah, CC, Tommaso, López-Soler, Guillermo, Díaz, Carlos JGómez, Mccawley, Niamh, Luzzi, Andrea Pierre, Abelló, David, Bonito, Alba Correa, Ntomi, Vasileia, Gourgiotis, Stavros, Pazos, Natalia Suárez, Toscano, Marta Jiménez, Zafra, David Ambrona, Beisani, Marc, Oliva, Alba, Guler, Mert, Gómez, Marta Jiménez, Oddis, Lidia, Montcusí, Blanca, Delgado, Ander Timoteo, Lasarte, Mateusz PJęckowski Aingeru Sarriuga, Antonacci, Nicola, Sartori, Alberto, Taylor, John Vincent, de Santos Iglesias, Francisco Juan, Mastronardi, Manuela, Gunay, Emre, Yiu, Andrew, Cano-Valderrama, Oscar, Costantini, Giulia, Digne-Malcolm, Holly Jane, Petropoulou, Thalia, Horesh, Nir, Kelly, Michael E., Ahmed, Nauman, Wyroslak-Najs, Justyna, Naik, Prashant, Vigorita, Vincenzo, Michael, Michael, Castro, Ernest, Paspala, Anna, D'Ambrosio, Marco, Pangeni, Anang, Dziakova, Jana, Terés, Lara Blanco, Lorente-Poch, Leyre, Di Carlo, Isidoro, Spartalis, Michael, Moro-Valdezate, David, Davey, Matthew G., Turrado-Rodriguez, Victor, Tryliskyy, Yegor, Calussi, Marco, Farré, Silvia Pérez, Labat, Miriam Cazador, Marafante, Chiara, Takkenberg, Marijn, Brookes, Charlotte Elisabeth, Soares, Antonio S., Gialamas, Eleftherios, Caputo, Damiano, Corrons, Laia Codina, Capitano, Sante, Charalabopoulos, Alexandros, Don, Cristine Brooke Pathirannehalage, Marrano, Enrico, Giuffrida, Maria Carmela, Tomasicchio, Giovanni, Bellato, Vittoria, Stijns, Jasper, Creavin, Ben, Schizas, Dimitrios, Blanco-Antona, Francisco, Kykalos, Stylianos, Tartaglia, Nicola, Pelegrina, Amalia, Barranquero, Alberto G., Schena, Carlo Alberto, Cremona, Simone, Baili, Efstratia, Cianci, Pasquale, Di Bella, Annamaria, Forcignanò, Edoardo, Fabbrizio, Tiziana, Salvetti, Francesco, Inama, Marco, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Deerenberg, Eva B., Reccia, Isabella, Rocca, Aldo, Fazio, Federico, Tampakis, Athanasios, Tepelenis, Kostas, Di Meo, Giovanna, Konstantoudakis, Georgios, Manatakis, Dimitrios K., Mineccia, Michela, Delvecchio, Antonella, Faro, Carmelo Lo, Rosso, Edoardo, Bandyopadhyay, Samik K., Queffurus, Michael, Marin, Jacopo Nicolò, Corvasce, Arianna, Chillarge, Gauri, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa, Reid, Rebecca, Gherardi, Dario, Naeem, Awais, Pandanaboyana, Sanjay, Tayeh, Salim, Chevallay, Mickael, Sergeant, Gregory, Cuccomarino, Salvatore, Salimian, Nick, Kapsampelis, Panagiotis, Ferretti, Carlotta, Glasbey, James, Harvitkar, Rafique Umer, Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih, de Oliveira, Gabriel Paiva, Pérez-Bertólez, Sonia, Bergna, Alessandro, Brisinda, Giuseppe, Rottoli, Matteo, Roscio, Francesco, Pedrazzani, Corrado, Meyer, Jeremy, Marino, Marco V., Brasset, Camille, Daniel, Clerc, Devriendt, Stefanie, Soldini, Gabriele, Pennisi, Damiano, Richards, Chris B., Fiore, Felicia, Bocchino, Antonio, Au, Stephanie, Hernandez-Garcia, Miguel, Frontali, Alice, Grossi, Ugo, Lolis, Evangelos, Miotto, Marco, Di Filippo, Giacomo, Seretis, Charalampos, Barberis, Andrea, De Luca, Raffaele, Levi Sandri, Giovanni Battista, Reitano, Elisa, Mattioli, Marco, Sciaudone, Guido, Fuschillo, Giacomo, Schiltz, Boris, Low, Juin, Bointas, Georgios, Cozza, Valerio, Delaune, Vaihere, Vescio, Francesca, Curcio, Silvia, Sevik, Husnu, Santocchi, Pietro, Stecca, Tommaso, Balaphas, Alexandre, Chessa, Antonella, Leo, Cosimo Alex, di Mola, Fabio F., Tarallo, Mariarita, Martini, Francesco, Lisi, Giorgio, Khan, Mansoor, Nicolazzi, Marco, Pinotti, Enrico, Morini, Andrea, Esposito, Giuseppe, Buonomo, Oreste Claudio, Corallino, Diletta, Demir, Anıl, Roesel, Raffaello, De Lucia, Chiara, Maruccia, Michele, Tekin, Oguzhan, Pavone, Giovanna, Gupta, Ashish, Pradelle, Irene, Chrysikos, Michael, Farrukh, Maira, Baiocchi, Gian Luca, Piras, Carla, Abellán, Antonio Melero, Olivieri, Laura, Materazzo, Marco, Carbone, Ludovico, Dulskas, Audrius, Mulita, Francesk, Corronca, Federico, Cappuccio, Micaela, Smerieri, Elia, Sotiropoulu, Maria, Violante, Tommaso, Moletta, Lucia, Rutegård, Martin, Brillantino, Antonio, Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor, Ossola, Paolo, Bono, Dario, Rosés, Helena Salvador, Perez-Sanchez, Luis E., Sabbatini, Sonia, Scotti, Mauro Alessandro, Cammarata, Roberto, Ibáñez, Noelia, Marano, Alessandra, Palmisano, Silvia, Cascales-Sanchez, Pedro, Mosca, Vinicio, Ballester, Cristina, Iordache-Petrescu, Madalina Ionela, Pozza, Gioia, Akay, Omer, Bollino, Ruggero, Toti, Johannes M. 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B., Gazia, Carlo, Alonso, Patricia, Spiezio, Giovanni, Maggi, Giulia, Juloski, Jovan, Braccio, Bartolomeo, Pañella, Clara, Freixa, Celia Caula, Petrakis, Georgios, Folliero, Cristina, De Andrés-Asenjo, Beatriz, Iodice, Alessandra, Jansson, Hannes, González, Tomas Elosua, Ortega, Irene, Castro, Maria J., Fernicola, Agostino, Aparicio, Antonio Carlos Maya, Ortega, Nuria, Chouliaras, Christos, Tura, Marina Vila, Sidiropoulou, Zacharoula, Gonzalez, Ana, Augustin, Goran, Segura-Sampedro, Juan J., Cuk, Vladica, Piccolo, Gaetano, Ingallinella, Sara, Ortenzi, Monica, Uggeri, Fabio, Carrabetta, Salvatore, Tolonen, Matti, Formisano, Giampaolo, Manfredelli, Simone, Perra, Teresa, Esposito, Francesco, Perrone, Gennaro, Zacharis, Georgios, Menéndez, Jaime Iturbe, Bottcher, Sofia Maria Jaume, Ioannidis, Orestis, Borges, Nuno, Sousa, Xavier, Colombari, Renan C., Tellez, Clara, Capolupo, Gabriella Teresa, Giuliani, Giuseppe, Mastella, Federica, González, Lluis García, Merlini, Ilenia, Ghignone, Federico, de Sa, Tiago Correia, Mangana, Orsalia, Rodriguez-Lopez, Mario, Alvarez-Gallego, Mario, Chowdhury, Ashim, Di Lascio, Pierpaolo, Carneros, Virginia Jiménez, Angrisani, Marco, Conte, Luigi E., Montiel, Carmen Galiana, Ascari, Francesca, Dajti, Irida, Lapolla, Pierfrancesco, Sperotto, Beatrice, Mazzarella, Gennaro, Capuano, Marianna, Lopez, Maria Martinez, Ferrario, Luca, Bulte, Joris P., López, María Martínez, Guerci, Claudio, Marra, Angelo Alessandro, Belkacem, Acidi, Pérez, Raquel Escalera, Panyko, Arpád, Dimitrov, Evgeni, Luque, Eduardo J., Manrique, Mario Montes, Paranyak, Mykola, Kaur, Mandeep, Barugola, Giuliano, Farazi-Chongouki, Christos, Estaire-Gómez, Mercedes, del Olmo, Juan Carlos Martín, Nardo, Bruno, Mutlu, Arda Ulaş, Rubio, Ainhoa Valle, Merlini, David A., Marchegiani, Francesco, Cereda, Marco Angelo, Vinci, Danilo, Komaei, Iman, Petrucciani, Niccolo, Seyfried, Steffen, Krsicka, Petr, Medas, Fabio, Lesko, Dusan, Murzi, Valentina, Siragusa, Leandro, Guerrero, María Alejandra, Iranzo, Marina Alarcón, Cestino, Luca, Pasculli, Alessandro, Smerieri, Nazareno, Benzoni, Ilaria, Festa, Federico, Jordão, Daniel Filipe Martins, Licardie, Eugenio, Nicolaescu, Diana C., Balassone, Valerio, La Vaccara, Vincenzo, Romano, Fabrizio, Adamovich, Dmitry Mikhailovich, Papatheodorou, Panayiotis, Maroni, Norvana, Colás-Ruiz, Enrique, Melberga, Liene, Chimenti, Federica, Ferrari, Davide, Arcudi, Claudio, Police, Andrea, De Simone, Belinda, Sánchez-Guillén, Luis, Parreño-Manchado, Felipe Carlos, Rachadell, Juan José, Coletta, Diego, Saroglu, Azize, Pattacini, Gianmaria Casoni, Antonelli, Amedeo, Anania, Marco, Litta, Francesco, Lafranceschina, Stefano, Bottari, Andrea, Pavlovic, Mladen, Rojas-Bonet, Noel, Tampaki, Ekaterini Christina, Kosir, Jurij A., Anelli, Ferdinando M., de las Casas, Sara Gortázar, Kucukarslan, Rabia, Pierobon, Elisa Sefora, Milanesi, Maria, Drogouti, Maria, Sotiropoulou, Maria, Di Marco, Federica, Bannone, Elisa, Sliwinski, Svenja Christin, Yildiz, Ishak, Pellicciaro, Marco, Celotti, Andrea, Malerba, Michele, Marino, Fabio, Bourmpouteli, Eirini, Bianco, Giuseppe, Charitaki, Evgenia, Pascale, Marco Maria, Ioannidis, Argyrios, Maraska, Fatlum, Petagna, Lorenzo, Turri, Giulia, Vailas, Michail, Romanzi, Andrea, Pouwels, Sjaak, Rosa, Fausto, Clocchiatti, Lucrezia, Andreuccetti, Jacopo, Machairas, Nikolaos, Frountzas, Maximos, Lasithiotakis, Konstantinos, Barone, Mirko, Christodoulou, Prokopis, Potkonjak, Dario, Aiolfi, Alberto, de Vries, Hilbert S., Napetti, Sara, Castaldi, Antonio, Botelho, Pedro, Marziali, Irene, Uccelli, Matteo, Pisano, Michele, Veroux, Massimiliano, Locci, Eleonora, Romano, Angela, Cero, Mariagiulia Dal, Cicerchia, Pierfranco Maria, Baldi, Caterina, Russo, Iris Shari, Tenconi, Silvia Maria, Saliu, Fatmir, Bondurri, Andrea, Cardinali, Luca, Laracca, Giovanni Guglielmo, Martín-Pérez, Beatriz, Felsenreich, Daniel M., Cunha, Miguel, Zerbo, Domenico, Clementi, Marco, Delogu, Daniele, Iossa, Angelo, Bavikatte, Akshay Prasannakumar, Saracoglu, Can, Pecorelli, Nicolò, Tufo, Andrea, Biloslavo, Alan, Lianos, Georgios D., Carannante, Filippo, Costanzo, Antonio, Montuori, Mauro, Cigognini, Maria, Silvestro, Roberto, Atici, Semra Demirli, Milito, Pamela, Ferronetti, Antonio, Güngör, Mert, Di Venere, Beatrice, Puccioni, Caterina, De Nobili, Giovanni, Selvaggi, Lucio, Farolfi, Tommaso, Aeschbacher, Pauline, Olivier, James B., Frazzetta, Giuseppe, Andriola, Valeria, Giordano, Alessio, De Luca, Alessandro, Ferrara, Francesco, Casagranda, Biagio, Sammartano, Fabrizio, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Rossi, Stefano, Pacilli, Mario, Synekidou, Eirini, Tutino, Roberta, Ceresoli, Marco, De Rosa, Michele, Di Santo Albini, Andrea G., Vincenzi, Paolo, Vellei, Samantha, Benzoni, Enrico, Murillo, Gabriela Aracelly Arroyo, Izzo, Giuliano, Scotto, Bruno, Caruso, Riccardo, Colombo, Francesco, D'Acapito, Fabrizio, Lostoridis, Eftychios, Saladino, Edoardo, Poillucci, Gaetano, Moeckli, Beat, Manto, Ottavia, Kara, Yasin, Tatar, Cihad, Cioffi, Stefano Piero Bernardo, Mambrilla, Sara, Bianchi, Valentina, Scopelliti, Michele, Agresta, Ferdinando, Nava, Andrea Kazemi, Franchi, Eloisa, Fransvea, Pietro, Prieto, Mikel, Picardi, Biagio, Rizzuto, Antonia, Panaccio, Paolo, Gussago, Stefano, Marra, Ester, Addeo, Pietro, Fernández Fernández, June, Gulmez, Mehmet, Pisaniello, Donatella, Cannavo, Maurizio, López-López, Victor, Avella, Pasquale, Peloso, Andrea, Bellanova, Giovanni, Candilio, Giuseppe, Perotti, Bruno, Granata, Roberta, Florio, Gaetano, Ioia, Giovanna, Iannone, Immacolata, Ammerata, Giorgio, Zambon, Martina, Romano, Francesco Maria, Del Monte, Simone Rossi, Sasia, Diego, Fortuna, Laura, Giuffrida, Mario, Litvin, Andrey, Cannistra, Marco, De Padua, Cristina, Sánchez, Tatiana Gómez, Paniagua-Garcia-Señorans, Marta, Guevara, Jenny, Perfecto, Arkaitz, Alconchel, Felipe, Campanelli, Michela, Keci, Laura, Cricrì, Michele, Kampouroglou, Georgios, Bagaglini, Giulia, Farrarons, Sara Sentí, Greco, Antonio, Walędziak, Maciej, Carvas, João M., Serrano-Navidad, Monica, Van Doorn, Berend, Schiavo, Ciro, Fabbri, Nicolò, Wani, Ishfaq Ahmad, Mondi, Isabella, Anestiadou, Elissavet, Mendes, Beatriz ISilva, Verdi, Daunia, Dorovinis, Panagiotis, Cacciaguerra, Andrea Benedetti, Caldeira, Beatriz, Canonico, Giuseppe, Dardanov, Dragomir, D'Ugo, Stefano, Francis, Fayez Maged, Meneghini, Simona, Pesce, Antonio, Puglisi, Silvana Bernadetta, Bellini, Maria Irene, Pisano, Marcello, Giordano, Marco, Fleres, Francesco, Campus, Federica, Cillara, Nicola, Moggia, Elisabetta, Ciarleglio, Francesco A., Calini, Giacomo, Gravante, Gianpiero, De Carlis, Riccardo, Altomare, Michele, Martines, Gennaro, Miggino, Marco, Marano, Luigi, Stocco, Alberto, Porcu, Alberto, Pham, Thuy Vy, Gervasi, Maria Clelia, Pilia, Tiziana, Palomba, Giuseppe, Picchetto, Andrea, Spampinato, Marcello Giuseppe, Tandoi, Francesco, Piccoli, Micaela, Gall, Malina ECaraiman, Santos, Bárbara Ribeiro, Agastra, Ervis, Koëter, Tijmen, Samadov, Elgun, Marsanic, Patrizia, Serena, De Fatico Gilda, Uzunoglu, Mustafa Yener, Zanus, Giacomo, Braholli, Eriol, Giovine, Gennaro, Galiffa, Giampaolo, Lauricella, Sara, Lukmonov, Saidrakhim, Leventoglu, Sezai, Chooklin, Serge, Dudi-Venkata, Nagendra N., Gauci, Chahaya M., Podda, M, Di Martino, M, Pata, F, Nigri, G, Pisanu, A, Di Saverio, S, Pellino, G, Ielpo, B, Null, N, Tolla, A, Abdelkhalek, M, Emile, S, Dinagde, T, Bouzid, C, Mansour, A, Garzali, I, Aregawi, A, Zaghloul, T, Kchaou, A, Awad, S, Souadka, A, Ted, T, Saumtally, M, Ahmed, B, Bayileyegn, N, Nunziante, M, Shalaby, M, Debena, D, Zena, A, Adewunmi, O, Negasa, T, Bourguiba, M, Feituri, N, Kebede, K, Elfeki, H, Anas, A, Awad, A, Ermias, N, Hailemariam, D, Bejiga, G, Imana, R, Taffese, A, Feleke, T, Elghadban, H, Debela, B, Shiferaw, D, Tadesse, R, Chukwu, I, Mohammed, A, Hassen, K, Obiagwu, N, Tense, T, Taeme, M, Biniam, E, Tesfay, G, Tegegn, A, Teddy, T, Bekana, B, Nidaw, M, Ali, M, 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Gall, M, Santos, B, Agastra, E, Koëter, T, Samadov, E, Marsanic, P, Serena, D, Uzunoglu, M, Zanus, G, Braholli, E, Giovine, G, Galiffa, G, Lauricella, S, Lukmonov, S, Leventoglu, S, Chooklin, S, Dudi-Venkata, N, Gauci, C, Podda, Mauro, Di Martino, Marcello, Pata, Francesco, Nigri, Giuseppe, Pisanu, Adolfo, Di Saverio, Salomone, Pellino, Gianluca, Ielpo, Benedetto, null, null, Tolla, Ashenafi Negash, Abdelkhalek, Mohamed, Emile, Sameh, Dinagde, Tesfaye Aga, Bouzid, Chafik, Mansour, Ahmed Mohammed Farid Mahmoud, Garzali, Ibrahim Umar, Aregawi, Alazar Berhe, Zaghloul, Tarek M., Kchaou, Ali, Awad, Selmy S., Souadka, Amine, Ted, Tedla Gebretsadik, Saumtally, Mohammad Saad, Ahmed, Bensaad, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Nunziante, Marco, Shalaby, Mostafa, Debena, Dawit Gebregiorgis, Zena, Alemayehu Shanko, Adewunmi, Olayinka Lukman, Negasa, Tolera A., Bourguiba, Mohamed Aboulkacem, Feituri, Nura, Kebede, Kirubel Abebe, Elfeki, Hossam, Anas, Abdelhmed, Awad, Ahmed K., Ermias, Nebiyou, Hailemariam, Dagnachew H., Bejiga, Gosa Hundie, Imana, Ruhama Yoseph, Taffese, Abebe, Feleke, Tsega Terefe, Elghadban, Hosam Mohamed, Debela, Bizuneh Sime, Shiferaw, Desta, Tadesse, Robel, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Mohammed, Abdullahi Ibrahim, Hassen, Khalid Arebo, Obiagwu, Ndubuisi K., Tense, Tadesse H., Taeme, Mulugeta, Biniam, Ewnte, Tesfay, Goytom Knfe, Tegegn, Ayenachew Getachew, Teddy, Tewodros Abule Bilata, Bekana, Bekana L., Nidaw, Melkamu Kibret, Ali, Mahmoud Ibrahim, Gonfa, Kebebe Bekele, Kiros, Samuel, Belay, Tatek, Yallew, Gebeyaw Mengist, Wassie, Chekol, Ayalew, Alem Mekete, Asfaw, Fitsum Terefe, Aimal, Aimal Khan, Casas, Maria Agustina, Madrid, Fausto A., Diaz-Elizondo, Jose Antonio, Merlo, Ignacio Guillermo, De Campos, Tercio, Schlottmann, Francisco, Gomes, Carlos Augusto, Hernández, Edgard Efrén Lozada, Moncada-Ortega, Augusto, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Vanerio, Patricio, Morales, Emilio J., Stringfield, Sarah Beth, Gallardo, Cristian, Fonseca, Vinicius Cordeiro, Muriel, Maria Emilia, Cantarino, Frederico, Fichera, Alessandro, Rodriguez, Agustin E., Salinas, Roberto Paúl Andrade, Crosbie, Gonzalo Gabriel, Menegozzo, Carlos Augusto Metidieri, Avellaneda, Nicolas, Briones, Cristhian Gonzalo Aspiazu, Varela, Cristopher, Lichliter, Warren E., Varela, Cristopher L., Koppel, Darren, Lenz, Jorge Godoy, Pascual, Franco, Sibaja-Matamoros, Dauber A., Johnson, Benjamin E., Mercado, Octavio Avila, Tita, Agustín, Mukherjee, Indraneil, Lorenzo, Irving, Rueda, Erick, Rico, Douglas, Terwes, Natasha Loria, Visag-Castillo, Victor, Escalante, Karol S., Salvador, Alan Francisco Alfaro, Pio, Luca, Rodas, Edgar B., Aguilar, Juan Carlos Cardozo, Neri, Ignacio, Barzola, Ernesto J., Barba, Leonardo A., Zuchini, Andrés Mendoza, Acevedo, Ana Karen Radilla, Gachabayov, Mahir, Gonsaga, Ricardo Alessandro Teixeira, Bonilla, Fernando, Knickerbocker, Chase Barrett, Tsouknidas, Ioannis, Salamea, Juan C., Travers, Lawrence Albert Salter, Nari, Gustavo Adrian, Pachajoa, Diana Alejandra Pantoja, Valadez, Michel Hernandez, Hale, Lyman Lansing, Perez, Guillermo, Choudhry, Asad, Foreman, Michaael L., Brito, Ismael, Ciro, Mauricio Pedraza, Newton, Carla Joyce, Souza, Hamilton Petry, Davis, Daniel G., Ferreira, Rodrigo Vaz, Keller, Deborah S., Miguel, Gustavo Machain, Singh-Ranger, Gurpreet, Linares, Neiling Massiel Oviedo, Singares, Eduardo Smith, Valdivieso, Xavier HGarcía, Teran, Alfonso Ivan Sanchez, Vargas, Luis Felipe Cabrera, Valinoti, Agustín, Milne, David M., Fleming, Andrew Martin, Quiroga-Garza, Alejandro, Espino, Eduardo Morales, Bedros, Nicole Mary, Funk, Geoffrey A., Neves, Fernanda V. S., Supit, Tommy, Baba, Arshad Ahmed, Chalkoo, Mushtaq A., Kucuk, Gultekin Ozan, Sarmiento, Ray Inocencio, Galeev, Shamil I., Korkoman, Mohammed J., Yang, Wah, Medappil, Noushif, Athar, Rahmatullah, Subramaniam, Ravichandran, Chia, Chi Fung, Alhazmi, Ahmad, Halder, Subhadip, Rusli, Siti Mayuha, Rashid, Arshad, Gülcü, Barış, Nagarajan, Prasanth, Rida, Khaled, Jamiri, Al-Radjid, Batıkan, Oğuzkağan, Khan, Huma Ahmed, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Efetov, Sergey, Junior, Marcelo A. F. Ribeiro, Gulcu, Baris, Farooqui, Marryam Riaz, Mulpuri, Venu Bhargava, Bagaria, Dinesh, Yusoff, Ahmad Ramzi, Wani, Rauf, Younis, Muhammad Umar, Khobragade, Krunal H., Marwat, Muhammad Ibrahim, Bains, Lovenish, Kobe, Yoshiro, Koh, Peng Soon, Tantravahi, Umasankar, Mohamad Mohamad, Ikhwan Sani, Abu-Arish, Hamdoon, Yildirim, Ali Cihat, Ibrahim, Aini Fahriza, Tan, Jih Huei, Siagian, Dumaria Ketty, Bhattacharya, Neela, Chiu, Jennifer H. F., Paramasvaran, Ganendra, Voon, Kelvin, Göktepe, Berk, Lee, Lee Yeong Sing, Gupta, Amit, Rasheed, Faaiz, Al-Shehari, Mohammed, Syed, Syed Muhammad Ali, Bhat, Pawan Singh, Erdoğan, Emre, Roat, Rajesh, Nacion, Aeris Jane D., Saraiya, Swapnil Mukesh, Afolabi, Akinwale Ibrahim, Chai, Feng Yih, Ghannam, Wagih, Bhattacharya, Kaushik, NL, Harish, Aloun, Ali, Bhatti, Hamza Waqar, Koneti, Akshadhar J., Klib, Mohamad, Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair, Syn, Nicholas L., Wani, Ajaz, Saeidi, Sara, Zeb, Muhammad, Bandaru, Kalyan Vijay Kumar, Menna, Maria Paola, Morales-Conde, Salvador, Gessa, Emanuela, Sánchez-Cabús, Santiago, Spartalis, Eleftherios, Antropoli, Carmine, Manigrasso, Michele, Sica, Giuseppe S., Ercolani, Giorgio, Chitul, Andrei, Bacchiocchi, Giulia, Azevedo, José, Karamarkovic, Aleksandar, Bonavina, Luigi, Piozzi, Guglielmo N., Migueláñez, Isabel Pascual, Merlini, David, Major, Piotr, Grimaldi, Luciano, Calu, Valentin, Curro, Giuseppe, Cotsoglou, Christian, Baldini, Edoardo, Delis, Spiros, Kovacevic, Bojan, Masetti, Michele, Selvaggi, Francesco, Scabini, Stefano, Reiti, Andrian, Zullo, Alessia, Giuliani, Antonio, Alesina, Pier Francesco, Massey, Lisa H., Slesser, Alistair A. P., Neary, Peter M., Sahnan, Kapil, Tan, Jessica J., Colucci, Gianluca, Brady, Richard R. W., Mihailescu, Andrei, Adamina, Michel, Gerogiannis, Ioannis, van Ramshorst, Gabrielle, Paradiso, Giulia, Poto, Gianmario Edoardo, Massaro, Daniele, Nazir, Fozia, Stubbs, Benjamin M., Tasselli, Francesco Menegon, Muñoz-Cruzado, Virginia Durán, Sabia, Domenico, Vannelli, Alberto, Marsella, Valentina Enrica, Tomada, Elisa Paoluzzi, Giambusso, Mauro, Davies, Justin, Uzzau, Alessandro, Balla, Andrea, Scaringi, Stefano, Lancellotti, Francesco, Douka, Eleftheria, Argenio, Giulio, Cassese, Gianluca, Ammendola, Michele, Morelli, Luca, Francone, Elisa, Bala, Miklosh, Thambi, Prem, Iacobone, Maurizio, Campisi, Andrea, Tejedor, Patricia, Spoletini, Gabriele, Mascherini, Matteo, Belia, Francesco, Idiz, Ufuk Oguz, Colak, Elif, Peters, Paul Adewunmi, Ros, Emilio Peña, Aytac, Erman, Vilallonga, Ramon, Serrablo, Alejandro, Muttillo, Edoardo Maria, Di Franco, Gregorio, Vanni, Gianluca, Isik, Arda, Sbacco, Valentina, Tropeano, Francesca Paola, Porcellini, Iride, Butler, Rebecca Jayne, Fernandez, Carmen Cagigas, Papadopoulos, Aristeidis, Salvans, Silvia, Khan, Jan Sher, Bellver, Pedro Palazón, Mc Farlane, Sebastian Jeri, Apostolou, Konstantinos, Tur-Martinez, Jaume, Castellano, Javier Rivera, Santoliquido, Matteo, Tallon-Aguilar, Luis, Celentano, Valerio, Aliyev, Vusal, al-Najami, Issam, Grama, Florin A., Masior, Łukasz, Ciesielski, Wojciech J., Luberto, Antonio, Sparavigna, Marco, Klimczak, Tomasz Jerzy, Negoi, Ionut, Serradilla-Martín, Mario, Marinis, Athanasios, Cammarat, Roberto, Bellido-luque, Juan, Manzo, Carlo Alberto, Milana, Flavio, Luglio, Gaetano, Zarnescu, Narcis Octavian, Martínez, Isidro, Olmi, Stefano, Costea, Radu V., Cerdán-Santacruz, Carlos, Gica, Nicolae, Rompianesi, Gianluca, Gallo, Gaetano, Ridolfi, Cristina, Sahid, Saidah, CC, Tommaso, López-Soler, Guillermo, Díaz, Carlos JGómez, Mccawley, Niamh, Luzzi, Andrea Pierre, Abelló, David, Bonito, Alba Correa, Ntomi, Vasileia, Gourgiotis, Stavros, Pazos, Natalia Suárez, Toscano, Marta Jiménez, Zafra, David Ambrona, Beisani, Marc, Oliva, Alba, Guler, Mert, Gómez, Marta Jiménez, Oddis, Lidia, Montcusí, Blanca, Delgado, Ander Timoteo, Lasarte, Mateusz PJęckowski Aingeru Sarriuga, Antonacci, Nicola, Sartori, Alberto, Taylor, John Vincent, de Santos Iglesias, Francisco Juan, Mastronardi, Manuela, Gunay, Emre, Yiu, Andrew, Cano-Valderrama, Oscar, Costantini, Giulia, Digne-Malcolm, Holly Jane, Petropoulou, Thalia, Horesh, Nir, Kelly, Michael E., Ahmed, Nauman, Wyroslak-Najs, Justyna, Naik, Prashant, Vigorita, Vincenzo, Michael, Michael, Castro, Ernest, Paspala, Anna, D'Ambrosio, Marco, Pangeni, Anang, Dziakova, Jana, Terés, Lara Blanco, Lorente-Poch, Leyre, Di Carlo, Isidoro, Spartalis, Michael, Moro-Valdezate, David, Davey, Matthew G., Turrado-Rodriguez, Victor, Tryliskyy, Yegor, Calussi, Marco, Farré, Silvia Pérez, Labat, Miriam Cazador, Marafante, Chiara, Takkenberg, Marijn, Brookes, Charlotte Elisabeth, Soares, Antonio S., Gialamas, Eleftherios, Caputo, Damiano, Corrons, Laia Codina, Capitano, Sante, Charalabopoulos, Alexandros, Don, Cristine Brooke Pathirannehalage, Marrano, Enrico, Giuffrida, Maria Carmela, Tomasicchio, Giovanni, Bellato, Vittoria, Stijns, Jasper, Creavin, Ben, Schizas, Dimitrios, Blanco-Antona, Francisco, Kykalos, Stylianos, Tartaglia, Nicola, Pelegrina, Amalia, Barranquero, Alberto G., Schena, Carlo Alberto, Cremona, Simone, Baili, Efstratia, Cianci, Pasquale, Di Bella, Annamaria, Forcignanò, Edoardo, Fabbrizio, Tiziana, Salvetti, Francesco, Inama, Marco, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Deerenberg, Eva B., Reccia, Isabella, Rocca, Aldo, Fazio, Federico, Tampakis, Athanasios, Tepelenis, Kostas, Di Meo, Giovanna, Konstantoudakis, Georgios, Manatakis, Dimitrios K., Mineccia, Michela, Delvecchio, Antonella, Faro, Carmelo Lo, Rosso, Edoardo, Bandyopadhyay, Samik K., Queffurus, Michael, Marin, Jacopo Nicolò, Corvasce, Arianna, Chillarge, Gauri, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa, Reid, Rebecca, Gherardi, Dario, Naeem, Awais, Pandanaboyana, Sanjay, Tayeh, Salim, Chevallay, Mickael, Sergeant, Gregory, Cuccomarino, Salvatore, Salimian, Nick, Kapsampelis, Panagiotis, Ferretti, Carlotta, Glasbey, James, Harvitkar, Rafique Umer, Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih, de Oliveira, Gabriel Paiva, Pérez-Bertólez, Sonia, Bergna, Alessandro, Brisinda, Giuseppe, Rottoli, Matteo, Roscio, Francesco, Pedrazzani, Corrado, Meyer, Jeremy, Marino, Marco V., Brasset, Camille, Daniel, Clerc, Devriendt, Stefanie, Soldini, Gabriele, Pennisi, Damiano, Richards, Chris B., Fiore, Felicia, Bocchino, Antonio, Au, Stephanie, Hernandez-Garcia, Miguel, Frontali, Alice, Grossi, Ugo, Lolis, Evangelos, Miotto, Marco, Di Filippo, Giacomo, Seretis, Charalampos, Barberis, Andrea, De Luca, Raffaele, Levi Sandri, Giovanni Battista, Reitano, Elisa, Mattioli, Marco, Sciaudone, Guido, Fuschillo, Giacomo, Schiltz, Boris, Low, Juin, Bointas, Georgios, Cozza, Valerio, Delaune, Vaihere, Vescio, Francesca, Curcio, Silvia, Sevik, Husnu, Santocchi, Pietro, Stecca, Tommaso, Balaphas, Alexandre, Chessa, Antonella, Leo, Cosimo Alex, di Mola, Fabio F., Tarallo, Mariarita, Martini, Francesco, Lisi, Giorgio, Khan, Mansoor, Nicolazzi, Marco, Pinotti, Enrico, Morini, Andrea, Esposito, Giuseppe, Buonomo, Oreste Claudio, Corallino, Diletta, Demir, Anıl, Roesel, Raffaello, De Lucia, Chiara, Maruccia, Michele, Tekin, Oguzhan, Pavone, Giovanna, Gupta, Ashish, Pradelle, Irene, Chrysikos, Michael, Farrukh, Maira, Baiocchi, Gian Luca, Piras, Carla, Abellán, Antonio Melero, Olivieri, Laura, Materazzo, Marco, Carbone, Ludovico, Dulskas, Audrius, Mulita, Francesk, Corronca, Federico, Cappuccio, Micaela, Smerieri, Elia, Sotiropoulu, Maria, Violante, Tommaso, Moletta, Lucia, Rutegård, Martin, Brillantino, Antonio, Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor, Ossola, Paolo, Bono, Dario, Rosés, Helena Salvador, Perez-Sanchez, Luis E., Sabbatini, Sonia, Scotti, Mauro Alessandro, Cammarata, Roberto, Ibáñez, Noelia, Marano, Alessandra, Palmisano, Silvia, Cascales-Sanchez, Pedro, Mosca, Vinicio, Ballester, Cristina, Iordache-Petrescu, Madalina Ionela, Pozza, Gioia, Akay, Omer, Bollino, Ruggero, Toti, Johannes M. A., Mascianà, Gianluca, Pach, Radoslaw, Sensi, Bruno, Natalia, Savvala N., Coppola, Alessandro, Altinel, Yuksel, Brucchi, Francesco, Guitart, Marc Pérez, Salido, Andrea Jiménez, Tamini, Nicolò, Garoufalia, Zoe, Mifsut, Patricia, Wilkins, Alex, Navarro-Sánchez, Antonio, Cestaro, Giovanni, Conti, Luigi, Carvas, João M. B., Gazia, Carlo, Alonso, Patricia, Spiezio, Giovanni, Maggi, Giulia, Juloski, Jovan, Braccio, Bartolomeo, Pañella, Clara, Freixa, Celia Caula, Petrakis, Georgios, Folliero, Cristina, De Andrés-Asenjo, Beatriz, Iodice, Alessandra, Jansson, Hannes, González, Tomas Elosua, Ortega, Irene, Castro, Maria J., Fernicola, Agostino, Aparicio, Antonio Carlos Maya, Ortega, Nuria, Chouliaras, Christos, Tura, Marina Vila, Sidiropoulou, Zacharoula, Gonzalez, Ana, Augustin, Goran, Segura-Sampedro, Juan J., Cuk, Vladica, Piccolo, Gaetano, Ingallinella, Sara, Ortenzi, Monica, Uggeri, Fabio, Carrabetta, Salvatore, Tolonen, Matti, Formisano, Giampaolo, Manfredelli, Simone, Perra, Teresa, Esposito, Francesco, Perrone, Gennaro, Zacharis, Georgios, Menéndez, Jaime Iturbe, Bottcher, Sofia Maria Jaume, Ioannidis, Orestis, Borges, Nuno, Sousa, Xavier, Colombari, Renan C., Tellez, Clara, Capolupo, Gabriella Teresa, Giuliani, Giuseppe, Mastella, Federica, González, Lluis García, Merlini, Ilenia, Ghignone, Federico, de Sa, Tiago Correia, Mangana, Orsalia, Rodriguez-Lopez, Mario, Alvarez-Gallego, Mario, Chowdhury, Ashim, Di Lascio, Pierpaolo, Carneros, Virginia Jiménez, Angrisani, Marco, Conte, Luigi E., Montiel, Carmen Galiana, Ascari, Francesca, Dajti, Irida, Lapolla, Pierfrancesco, Sperotto, Beatrice, Mazzarella, Gennaro, Capuano, Marianna, Lopez, Maria Martinez, Ferrario, Luca, Bulte, Joris P., López, María Martínez, Guerci, Claudio, Marra, Angelo Alessandro, Belkacem, Acidi, Pérez, Raquel Escalera, Panyko, Arpád, Dimitrov, Evgeni, Luque, Eduardo J., Manrique, Mario Montes, Paranyak, Mykola, Kaur, Mandeep, Barugola, Giuliano, Farazi-Chongouki, Christos, Estaire-Gómez, Mercedes, del Olmo, Juan Carlos Martín, Nardo, Bruno, Mutlu, Arda Ulaş, Rubio, Ainhoa Valle, Merlini, David A., Marchegiani, Francesco, Cereda, Marco Angelo, Vinci, Danilo, Komaei, Iman, Petrucciani, Niccolo, Seyfried, Steffen, Krsicka, Petr, Medas, Fabio, Lesko, Dusan, Murzi, Valentina, Siragusa, Leandro, Guerrero, María Alejandra, Iranzo, Marina Alarcón, Cestino, Luca, Pasculli, Alessandro, Smerieri, Nazareno, Benzoni, Ilaria, Festa, Federico, Jordão, Daniel Filipe Martins, Licardie, Eugenio, Nicolaescu, Diana C., Balassone, Valerio, La Vaccara, Vincenzo, Romano, Fabrizio, Adamovich, Dmitry Mikhailovich, Papatheodorou, Panayiotis, Maroni, Norvana, Colás-Ruiz, Enrique, Melberga, Liene, Chimenti, Federica, Ferrari, Davide, Arcudi, Claudio, Police, Andrea, De Simone, Belinda, Sánchez-Guillén, Luis, Parreño-Manchado, Felipe Carlos, Rachadell, Juan José, Coletta, Diego, Saroglu, Azize, Pattacini, Gianmaria Casoni, Antonelli, Amedeo, Anania, Marco, Litta, Francesco, Lafranceschina, Stefano, Bottari, Andrea, Pavlovic, Mladen, Rojas-Bonet, Noel, Tampaki, Ekaterini Christina, Kosir, Jurij A., Anelli, Ferdinando M., de las Casas, Sara Gortázar, Kucukarslan, Rabia, Pierobon, Elisa Sefora, Milanesi, Maria, Drogouti, Maria, Sotiropoulou, Maria, Di Marco, Federica, Bannone, Elisa, Sliwinski, Svenja Christin, Yildiz, Ishak, Pellicciaro, Marco, Celotti, Andrea, Malerba, Michele, Marino, Fabio, Bourmpouteli, Eirini, Bianco, Giuseppe, Charitaki, Evgenia, Pascale, Marco Maria, Ioannidis, Argyrios, Maraska, Fatlum, Petagna, Lorenzo, Turri, Giulia, Vailas, Michail, Romanzi, Andrea, Pouwels, Sjaak, Rosa, Fausto, Clocchiatti, Lucrezia, Andreuccetti, Jacopo, Machairas, Nikolaos, Frountzas, Maximos, Lasithiotakis, Konstantinos, Barone, Mirko, Christodoulou, Prokopis, Potkonjak, Dario, Aiolfi, Alberto, de Vries, Hilbert S., Napetti, Sara, Castaldi, Antonio, Botelho, Pedro, Marziali, Irene, Uccelli, Matteo, Pisano, Michele, Veroux, Massimiliano, Locci, Eleonora, Romano, Angela, Cero, Mariagiulia Dal, Cicerchia, Pierfranco Maria, Baldi, Caterina, Russo, Iris Shari, Tenconi, Silvia Maria, Saliu, Fatmir, Bondurri, Andrea, Cardinali, Luca, Laracca, Giovanni Guglielmo, Martín-Pérez, Beatriz, Felsenreich, Daniel M., Cunha, Miguel, Zerbo, Domenico, Clementi, Marco, Delogu, Daniele, Iossa, Angelo, Bavikatte, Akshay Prasannakumar, Saracoglu, Can, Pecorelli, Nicolò, Tufo, Andrea, Biloslavo, Alan, Lianos, Georgios D., Carannante, Filippo, Costanzo, Antonio, Montuori, Mauro, Cigognini, Maria, Silvestro, Roberto, Atici, Semra Demirli, Milito, Pamela, Ferronetti, Antonio, Güngör, Mert, Di Venere, Beatrice, Puccioni, Caterina, De Nobili, Giovanni, Selvaggi, Lucio, Farolfi, Tommaso, Aeschbacher, Pauline, Olivier, James B., Frazzetta, Giuseppe, Andriola, Valeria, Giordano, Alessio, De Luca, Alessandro, Ferrara, Francesco, Casagranda, Biagio, Sammartano, Fabrizio, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Rossi, Stefano, Pacilli, Mario, Synekidou, Eirini, Tutino, Roberta, Ceresoli, Marco, De Rosa, Michele, Di Santo Albini, Andrea G., Vincenzi, Paolo, Vellei, Samantha, Benzoni, Enrico, Murillo, Gabriela Aracelly Arroyo, Izzo, Giuliano, Scotto, Bruno, Caruso, Riccardo, Colombo, Francesco, D'Acapito, Fabrizio, Lostoridis, Eftychios, Saladino, Edoardo, Poillucci, Gaetano, Moeckli, Beat, Manto, Ottavia, Kara, Yasin, Tatar, Cihad, Cioffi, Stefano Piero Bernardo, Mambrilla, Sara, Bianchi, Valentina, Scopelliti, Michele, Agresta, Ferdinando, Nava, Andrea Kazemi, Franchi, Eloisa, Fransvea, Pietro, Prieto, Mikel, Picardi, Biagio, Rizzuto, Antonia, Panaccio, Paolo, Gussago, Stefano, Marra, Ester, Addeo, Pietro, Fernández Fernández, June, Gulmez, Mehmet, Pisaniello, Donatella, Cannavo, Maurizio, López-López, Victor, Avella, Pasquale, Peloso, Andrea, Bellanova, Giovanni, Candilio, Giuseppe, Perotti, Bruno, Granata, Roberta, Florio, Gaetano, Ioia, Giovanna, Iannone, Immacolata, Ammerata, Giorgio, Zambon, Martina, Romano, Francesco Maria, Del Monte, Simone Rossi, Sasia, Diego, Fortuna, Laura, Giuffrida, Mario, Litvin, Andrey, Cannistra, Marco, De Padua, Cristina, Sánchez, Tatiana Gómez, Paniagua-Garcia-Señorans, Marta, Guevara, Jenny, Perfecto, Arkaitz, Alconchel, Felipe, Campanelli, Michela, Keci, Laura, Cricrì, Michele, Kampouroglou, Georgios, Bagaglini, Giulia, Farrarons, Sara Sentí, Greco, Antonio, Walędziak, Maciej, Carvas, João M., Serrano-Navidad, Monica, Van Doorn, Berend, Schiavo, Ciro, Fabbri, Nicolò, Wani, Ishfaq Ahmad, Mondi, Isabella, Anestiadou, Elissavet, Mendes, Beatriz ISilva, Verdi, Daunia, Dorovinis, Panagiotis, Cacciaguerra, Andrea Benedetti, Caldeira, Beatriz, Canonico, Giuseppe, Dardanov, Dragomir, D'Ugo, Stefano, Francis, Fayez Maged, Meneghini, Simona, Pesce, Antonio, Puglisi, Silvana Bernadetta, Bellini, Maria Irene, Pisano, Marcello, Giordano, Marco, Fleres, Francesco, Campus, Federica, Cillara, Nicola, Moggia, Elisabetta, Ciarleglio, Francesco A., Calini, Giacomo, Gravante, Gianpiero, De Carlis, Riccardo, Altomare, Michele, Martines, Gennaro, Miggino, Marco, Marano, Luigi, Stocco, Alberto, Porcu, Alberto, Pham, Thuy Vy, Gervasi, Maria Clelia, Pilia, Tiziana, Palomba, Giuseppe, Picchetto, Andrea, Spampinato, Marcello Giuseppe, Tandoi, Francesco, Piccoli, Micaela, Gall, Malina ECaraiman, Santos, Bárbara Ribeiro, Agastra, Ervis, Koëter, Tijmen, Samadov, Elgun, Marsanic, Patrizia, Serena, De Fatico Gilda, Uzunoglu, Mustafa Yener, Zanus, Giacomo, Braholli, Eriol, Giovine, Gennaro, Galiffa, Giampaolo, Lauricella, Sara, Lukmonov, Saidrakhim, Leventoglu, Sezai, Chooklin, Serge, Dudi-Venkata, Nagendra N., and Gauci, Chahaya M.
Abstract: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS (R) v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 +/- 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 +/- 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 +/- 4.9 and 7.8 +/- 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 +/- 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI.
Published: 2024

30. Effect of Social Media Influencers’ Credibility on Consumers’ Purchase Intentions: A Mediating and Moderating Analysis

Author: Abdullah, Muhammad, Farooq, Hassan, Mukhtar, Sana, Mushtaq, Sajid, Hassan, Syed Muhammad Najam Ul, Abdullah, Muhammad, Farooq, Hassan, Mukhtar, Sana, Mushtaq, Sajid, and Hassan, Syed Muhammad Najam Ul
Abstract: This research aims to produce empirical evidence by determination the credibility aspects of an influencer that how this perceived credibility of influencers turns into the favorable consumers’ intentions to purchase the specific brand. This study is an effort to highlight the problem of understanding the characteristics of social media influencers in cultivating the purchase intentions of customers, specifically in the fashion sector of Pakistan. Moreover, this research also studies the phenomenon by the mediation role of band image in the relationship between credibility and consumers’ purchase intentions. Additionally, to make the relationship more elaborative, this study utilizes brand self-congruence as the boundary condition of this relationship. Data for the study was gathered from the customers of fashion sector who follow any or few social media influencers. Findings of the study show that the trustworthiness, likeability, and homophily of social media influencers have been shown in this study to be successful at influencing consumers' brand perceptions, which in turn impact consumers' purchase intentions. More convincingly, brand image mediates the connection between customers' purchase intentions and the trustworthiness, likeability, and homophily of social media influencers. Additionally, customers who have a high level of brand self-congruence are more likely to purchase particular brands. This study reveals that the expertise and knowledge of the social media influencer might not be an effective tool to consider when selecting an influencer for the campaign of the fashion brand. This study offers insightful information on how advertising and social media influencers might affect consumers' intentions to make purchases.
Published: 2024

31. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEARNING PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY THE STUDENTS OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS

Author: Ehtsham Jamil, Munazza Sunbal, Afzaal Afzal, Muhammad Faisal Mushtaq, Ehtsham Jamil, Munazza Sunbal, Afzaal Afzal, and Muhammad Faisal Mushtaq
Abstract: The topic of this study is the comparative analysis of learning problems experienced by the students of government and private schools. Objectives of the study were, to identify the learning problems faced by the students of government schools, to identify the learning problems faced by the students of private schools and to compare the learning problems of the students of government and private schools. For this purpose, the method of quantitative comparative research was adopted. This study was conducted in tehsil City of district Lahore. Sample of 400 male students of grade 5 from private and government schools were taken for this study. Interview schedule including five point Likert’s scale (Strongly Disagree (S.D), Disagree (D), Neutral (N), Agree (A) and Strongly Agree (S.A)) was formulated for this purpose. Quantitative analysis was run through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v 26.0 including descriptive analysis (frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and independent one sample t test. The study evaluated the students' learning experience based on three indicators including the problems related to concentration, understanding and memorizing of lessons. Findings of this study conclude that private school students have fewer learning problems than government school students, and there is a significant difference between the two groups. This suggests that government schools should recognize the challenges faced by the students in order to address their learning needs.
Published: 2024

32. An Analysis of the Abuse of Dominance using Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled Price Discrimination from a Law and Economics Perspective

Author: Mushtaq, Shahzada Aamir, Hafeez, Malik Muhammad, Mushtaq, Shahzada Aamir, and Hafeez, Malik Muhammad
Abstract: This research examines AI-driven price discrimination in digital marketplaces, comparing it to competition law. While AI can enhance efficiency and customer welfare, it can also lead to exclusion and exploitative consequences. The EU and China have implemented competition laws and regulations to address unfair price discrimination, demonstrating that a legal reaction based on competition laws is not always necessary. Competition authorities must balance various factors to effectively address AI-driven price discrimination in digital markets. It evaluates the potential for abuse of dominance and the negative impact on competition and consumers. The research uses legal research methodology to examine price discrimination laws and their evolution, comparing them with traditional forms of dominance. It also examines the economic arguments of market efficiency and fairness, consumer detriment, and regulatory action. The paper recommends increased regulation of AI pricing and improved consumer protection measures to prevent unfair market conditions.
Published: 2024

33. Factors associated with changes in the quality of life and family functioning scores of primary caregivers of children and young people with primary brain tumors in Karachi, Pakistan : a prospective cohort study

Author: Zahid, Nida, Enam, Syed Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Kausar, Faiza, Hassan, Aneesa, Kamran Bakhshi, Saqib, Javed, Farrukh, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, Muhammad Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, Brown, Nick, Zahid, Nida, Enam, Syed Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Kausar, Faiza, Hassan, Aneesa, Kamran Bakhshi, Saqib, Javed, Farrukh, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, Muhammad Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, and Brown, Nick
Abstract: Background There are limited data available, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), on the long-term quality of life (QoL) and family functioning of primary caregivers of children and young people (CYPs) affected by primary brain tumors (PBTs). This study aimed to assess the factors associated with the mean change in QoL and family functioning scores of primary caregivers of CYP patients with PBTs 12 months posttreatment. Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled CYPs aged 5–21 years with newly diagnosed PBTs and their primary caregivers. The study was carried out between November 2020 and July 2023. The primary caregivers of CYPs were recruited from two major tertiary care centers in Karachi, Pakistan. The primary caregivers QoL were assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Family Impact Module. The assessment was undertaken by a psychologist at the time of diagnosis and 12 months posttreatment. The data were analyzed with STATA version 12. Results Forty-eight CYPs with newly diagnosed PBTs and their primary caregivers (46 mothers and 2 fathers) were enrolled. At 12 months posttreatment, 25 (52%) CYPs and their primary caregivers (mothers) were reassessed, and 23 (48%) were lost to follow-up. On multivariable analysis, a significant decrease in mothers’ mean 12-month posttreatment QoL and family functioning scores was associated with CYP having posttreatment seizures (beta= -10.2; 95% CI: -18.4 to -2.0) and with the financial burden associated with the CYP’s illness (beta= -0.3; 95% CI: -0.4 to -0.1). However, in those cases where CYP had higher posttreatment quality of life scores (beta = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.1, 0.6) and posttreatment higher verbal intelligence scores (beta = 0.1; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.3), the mothers’ QoL and family functioning scores were significantly greater. Conclusion We found a significant decrease in QoL of mothers who had a high financial burden and whose CYP had posttreatment seizures. However, those who
Published: 2024
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34. Predictors of neurocognition outcomes in children and young people with primary brain tumor presenting to tertiary care hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan : a prospective cohort study

Author: Zahid, Nida, Enam, S. Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Javed, Farrukh, Kausar, Faiza, Hasan, Aneesa, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, M. Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, Brown, Nick, Zahid, Nida, Enam, S. Ather, Mårtensson, Thomas, Azam, Iqbal, Mushtaq, Naureen, Moochhala, Mariya, Javed, Farrukh, Kausar, Faiza, Hasan, Aneesa, Rehman, Lal, Mughal, M. Nouman, Altaf, Sadaf, Kirmani, Salman, and Brown, Nick
Abstract: Introduction Primary brain tumors are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children and young people (CYP) globally. Impaired neurocognitive function is a potential severe consequence in primary brain tumor (PBT) survivors. There are no in-depth studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to inform management and follow-up. The research questions of this study were as follows: Are the sociodemographic factors (lower age of CYP, female gender, low socioeconomic status, low parental education), disease-related factors (high grade of tumor, presence of seizures, presence of hydrocephalous), and treatment-related factors (adjuvant therapy, no surgical intervention, post-treatment seizures, placement of shunts) associated with decline in neurcognition outcomes 12 months post-treatment in CYP with PBTs? Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from November 2020 to July 2023 at the Aga Khan University Hospital and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. All CYP aged 5 to 21 years with a newly diagnosed PBTs were eligible. The neurocognition assessment was undertaken by a psychologist at two points, i.e., pre-treatment and at 12 months post-treatment using validated tools. The verbal intelligence was assessed by Slosson Intelligence tool, revised 3rd edition (SIT-R3), perceptual reasoning by Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM), and the Processing Speed Index by Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC V) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV). The data were analyzed by STATA version 12 software. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to determine the factors associated with the mean change in 12 months post-treatment verbal and non-verbal neurocognition scores. Unadjusted and adjusted beta coefficients with their 95% confidence intervals were reported. Results A total of 48 CYPs with PBTs were enrolled, 23 (48%) of them were lost to follow-up and 10 (21%) died. The remaining 25 (52%) were reassess
Published: 2024
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35. Sequential pesticide exposure: Concentration addition at high concentrations - Inhibition of hormesis at ultra-low concentrations

Author: Mushtaq, Imrana, Shahid, Naeem, Siddique, Ayesha, Liess, Matthias, Mushtaq, Imrana, Shahid, Naeem, Siddique, Ayesha, and Liess, Matthias
Abstract: Sequential pesticide exposure is a common scenario in both aquatic and terrestrial agricultural ecosystems. Predicting the effects of such exposures is therefore highly relevant for improving risk assessment. However, there is currently no information available for predicting the effects of sequential exposure to the same toxicant at both high and low concentrations. Here we exposed one-week-old individuals of Daphnia magna to the pyrethroid Esfenvalerate for 24 h and compared the effects with individuals treated twice with half the concentration after 7 and 14 days. We showed that at the concentrations close to the LC50, both the survival and population growth rate from the two half-pulses were consistent with the concentration addition approach. At low (1/10th to 1/100th of the LC50) and ultra-low concentrations (1/100th to 1/1000th of the LC50), survival was around 100 %, while the population growth rate showed a hormetic increase following the one-pulse exposure but not for the two-pulse exposure. We hypothesize that this hormetic effect is due to lower systemic stress (SyS) after pesticide exposure in combination with only one rebound stress pulse. Our study suggests that while the lethal effects of sequential exposure are according to the concentration addition model, the sublethal effects at low and ultra-low concentrations need to consider hormetic effects.
Published: 2024

36. Colony phase variation switch modulates antimicrobial tolerance and biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii

Author: Mushtaq, Fizza, Nadeem, Aftab, Yabrag, Abdelbasset, Bala, Anju, Karah, Nabil, Zlatkov, Nikola, Wai, Sun Nyunt, Uhlin, Bernt Eric, Ahmad, Irfan, Mushtaq, Fizza, Nadeem, Aftab, Yabrag, Abdelbasset, Bala, Anju, Karah, Nabil, Zlatkov, Nikola, Wai, Sun Nyunt, Uhlin, Bernt Eric, and Ahmad, Irfan
Abstract: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii causes one of the most difficult-to-treat nosocomial infections. Polycationic drugs like polymyxin B or colistin and tetracycline drugs such as doxycycline or minocycline are commonly used to treat infections caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. Here, we show that a subpopulation of cells associated with the opaque/translucent colony phase variation by A. baumannii AB5075 displays differential tolerance to subinhibitory concentrations of colistin and tetracycline. Using a variety of microscopic techniques, we demonstrate that extracellular polysaccharide moieties mediate colistin tolerance to opaque A. baumannii at single-cell level and that mushroom-shaped biofilm structures protect opaque bacteria at the community level. The colony switch phenotype is found to alter several traits of A. baumannii, including long-term survival under desiccation, tolerance to ethanol, competition with Escherichia coli, and intracellular survival in the environmental model host Acanthamoeba castellanii. Additionally, our findings suggest that extracellular DNA associated with membrane vesicles can promote colony switching in a DNA recombinase-dependent manner. Importance: As a WHO top-priority drug-resistant microbe, Acinetobacter baumannii significantly contributes to hospital-associated infections worldwide. One particularly intriguing aspect is its ability to reversibly switch its colony morphotype on agar plates, which has been remarkably underexplored. In this study, we employed various microscopic techniques and phenotypic assays to investigate the colony phase variation switch under different clinically and environmentally relevant conditions. Our findings reveal that the presence of a poly N-acetylglucosamine-positive extracellular matrix layer contributes to the protection of bacteria from the bactericidal effects of colistin. Furthermore, we provide intriguing insights into the multicellular lifestyle of A. baumannii, spe
Published: 2024
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37. Exploring the Levels of Undergraduate University Students' Study Skills

Author: Zahra, Hina, Malik, Mushtaq Ahmad, Cheema, Ahamd Bilal, Zahra, Hina, Malik, Mushtaq Ahmad, and Cheema, Ahamd Bilal
Abstract: The ability to study well is crucial to students' academic performance. The aims of this research were to investigate the study skills levels of undergraduate students, to determine the correlation between academic performance and the study skills of undergraduate students, and to identify any noteworthy variations in study skills based on gender and location. Multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to select representative sample of 2207 undergraduate students from Punjab, Pakistan's general public universities. With the author's consent, a modified version of the study skills evaluation questionnaire was adapted, and the academic performance scale was created, verified, and subjected to a reliability coefficient of .094 and 0.85. Four research hypotheses were developed and put to the test using the t-test, Pearson r, mean, and standard deviation. The results indicated a substantial difference in terms of gender and location, as well as a favorable link between study skills and academic performance. Moreover, the majority of undergraduate students employed study skills at a moderate level; therefore, it is recommended to design and incorporate study skills in educational courses for students in academic curricula.
Published: 2024

38. Exploring the Levels of Undergraduate University Students' Study Skills

Author: Zahra, Hina, Malik, Mushtaq Ahmad, Cheema, Ahamd Bilal, Zahra, Hina, Malik, Mushtaq Ahmad, and Cheema, Ahamd Bilal
Abstract: The ability to study well is crucial to students' academic performance. The aims of this research were to investigate the study skills levels of undergraduate students, to determine the correlation between academic performance and the study skills of undergraduate students, and to identify any noteworthy variations in study skills based on gender and location. Multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to select representative sample of 2207 undergraduate students from Punjab, Pakistan's general public universities. With the author's consent, a modified version of the study skills evaluation questionnaire was adapted, and the academic performance scale was created, verified, and subjected to a reliability coefficient of .094 and 0.85. Four research hypotheses were developed and put to the test using the t-test, Pearson r, mean, and standard deviation. The results indicated a substantial difference in terms of gender and location, as well as a favorable link between study skills and academic performance. Moreover, the majority of undergraduate students employed study skills at a moderate level; therefore, it is recommended to design and incorporate study skills in educational courses for students in academic curricula.
Published: 2024

39. Characterization, Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Produced via Green Synthesis Method Using Thymus Vulgaris Aqueous Extract

Author: Ejaz,Umer, Afzal,Muhammad, Mazhar,Modasrah, Riaz,Muhammad, Ahmed,Naveed, Rizg,Waleed Y, Alahmadi,Amerh Aiad, Badr,Moutaz Y, Mushtaq,Rayan Y, Yean,Chan Yean, Ejaz,Umer, Afzal,Muhammad, Mazhar,Modasrah, Riaz,Muhammad, Ahmed,Naveed, Rizg,Waleed Y, Alahmadi,Amerh Aiad, Badr,Moutaz Y, Mushtaq,Rayan Y, and Yean,Chan Yean
Abstract: Umer Ejaz,1 Muhammad Afzal,1 Modasrah Mazhar,1 Muhammad Riaz,1 Naveed Ahmed,2 Waleed Y Rizg,3,4 Amerh Aiad Alahmadi,4 Moutaz Y Badr,5 Rayan Y Mushtaq,6 Chan Yean Yean2 1Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan; 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia; 3Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), 3D Bioprinting Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24381, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Chan Yean Yean, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia, Email yeancyn@yahoo.com Muhammad Afzal, Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan, Email dr.afzal@ucp.edu.pkIntroduction: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been found to exhibit unique properties which show their potential to be used in various therapies. Green synthesis of AgNPs has been progressively gaining acceptance due to its cost-effectiveness and energy-efficient nature.Objective: In the current study, aqueous extract of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) was used to synthesize the AgNPs using green synthesis techniques followed by checking the effectiveness and various biological activities of these AgNPs.Methods: At first, the plant samples were proceeded for extraction of aqueous extracts followed by chromatography studies to measure the phenolics a
Published: 2024

40. The Economic Importance and Self-Sufficiency of QOSH TEPA Irrigation Canal

Author: Mushtaq, Bakhti Khan and Mushtaq, Bakhti Khan
Abstract: The Qosh Tepa irrigation canal stands as a significant project in Afghanistan, poised to transform thousands of hectares of arid land into self-sufficient sources of agricultural products. This canal ranks among the largest in the region, diverting water from the Amu River to the Kaldar district of Balkh province. It spans 285 kilometers in length, with a width of 108 meters and a depth of 8.5 meters, extending to the Faryab Andakhoi district. The canal boasts a capacity of 6,500 cubic meters of water per second and 20 billion cubic meters annually, intending to convert 550,000 hectares of dry land into fertile farmland. The canal's completion is planned in three phases. The first phase covers 108 kilometers from the Amu River in Kaldar district to Daulat-Abad district in Balkh province. The second phase spans 177 kilometers from Balkh's Daulat-Abad district to the Faryab Andkhoi district. Finally, the third phase involves supplying water to agricultural lands. Upon the successful implementation of this project, Afghanistan will achieve not only agricultural self-sufficiency but also become an exporter to other countries. This article discusses the Qosh Tepa canal in two parts: the first section focuses on identifying the canal, while the second emphasizes its economic value and importance.
Published: 2024

41. The Economic Importance and Self-Sufficiency of QOSH TEPA Irrigation Canal

Author: Mushtaq, Bakhti Khan and Mushtaq, Bakhti Khan
Abstract: The Qosh Tepa irrigation canal stands as a significant project in Afghanistan, poised to transform thousands of hectares of arid land into self-sufficient sources of agricultural products. This canal ranks among the largest in the region, diverting water from the Amu River to the Kaldar district of Balkh province. It spans 285 kilometers in length, with a width of 108 meters and a depth of 8.5 meters, extending to the Faryab Andakhoi district. The canal boasts a capacity of 6,500 cubic meters of water per second and 20 billion cubic meters annually, intending to convert 550,000 hectares of dry land into fertile farmland. The canal's completion is planned in three phases. The first phase covers 108 kilometers from the Amu River in Kaldar district to Daulat-Abad district in Balkh province. The second phase spans 177 kilometers from Balkh's Daulat-Abad district to the Faryab Andkhoi district. Finally, the third phase involves supplying water to agricultural lands. Upon the successful implementation of this project, Afghanistan will achieve not only agricultural self-sufficiency but also become an exporter to other countries. This article discusses the Qosh Tepa canal in two parts: the first section focuses on identifying the canal, while the second emphasizes its economic value and importance.
Published: 2024

42. Image-based multiplex immune profiling of cancer tissues: translational implications. A report of the International Immuno-oncology Biomarker Working Group on Breast Cancer

Author: Pathologie, Cancer, Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Page, David B., Broeckx, Glenn, Gonzalez, Claudia A., Burke, Caoimbhe, Murphy, Clodagh, Reis-Filho, Jorge S., Ly, Amy, Harms, Paul W., Gupta, Rajarsi R., Vieth, Michael, Hida, Akira I., Kahila, Mohamed, Kos, Zuzana, van Diest, Paul J., Verbandt, Sara, Thagaard, Jeppe, Khiroya, Reena, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Adams, Sylvia, Almeida, Jonas S., Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Bellolio, Enrique R., Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim R.M., Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Burgues, Octavio, Chardas, Alexandros, Cheang, Maggie Chon U., Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee A.D., Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Dudgeon, Sarah N., Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fineberg, Susan, Fox, Stephen B., Giltnane, Jennifer M., Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I., Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G., Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hart, Steven N., Hartman, Johan, Hewitt, Stephen, Horlings, Hugo M., Husain, Zaheed, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel A.M., Kataoka, Tatsuki R., Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Khramtsov, Andrey I., Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L., Korski, Konstanty, Akturk, Guray, Scott, Ely, Kovács, Anikó, Lænkholm, Anne Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K., Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K., Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K., McDonald, Elizabeth S., Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Kharidehal, Durga, Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A., Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D., Pinard, Christopher J., Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T., Ribeiro, Joana M., Rimm, David, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Mahon, Sarah, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P., Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A., Sur, Daniel, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E. Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T., van der Laak, Jeroen, Verghese, Gregory E., Viale, Giuseppe, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y., Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Bartlett, John, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, Salgado, Roberto, Gallagher, William M., Rahman, Arman, Pathologie, Cancer, Jahangir, Chowdhury Arif, Page, David B., Broeckx, Glenn, Gonzalez, Claudia A., Burke, Caoimbhe, Murphy, Clodagh, Reis-Filho, Jorge S., Ly, Amy, Harms, Paul W., Gupta, Rajarsi R., Vieth, Michael, Hida, Akira I., Kahila, Mohamed, Kos, Zuzana, van Diest, Paul J., Verbandt, Sara, Thagaard, Jeppe, Khiroya, Reena, Abduljabbar, Khalid, Acosta Haab, Gabriela, Acs, Balazs, Adams, Sylvia, Almeida, Jonas S., Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Farid, Badve, Sunil, Baharun, Nurkhairul Bariyah, Bellolio, Enrique R., Bheemaraju, Vydehi, Blenman, Kim R.M., Botinelly Mendonça Fujimoto, Luciana, Burgues, Octavio, Chardas, Alexandros, Cheang, Maggie Chon U., Ciompi, Francesco, Cooper, Lee A.D., Coosemans, An, Corredor, Germán, Dantas Portela, Flavio Luis, Deman, Frederik, Demaria, Sandra, Dudgeon, Sarah N., Elghazawy, Mahmoud, Fernandez-Martín, Claudio, Fineberg, Susan, Fox, Stephen B., Giltnane, Jennifer M., Gnjatic, Sacha, Gonzalez-Ericsson, Paula I., Grigoriadis, Anita, Halama, Niels, Hanna, Matthew G., Harbhajanka, Aparna, Hart, Steven N., Hartman, Johan, Hewitt, Stephen, Horlings, Hugo M., Husain, Zaheed, Irshad, Sheeba, Janssen, Emiel A.M., Kataoka, Tatsuki R., Kawaguchi, Kosuke, Khramtsov, Andrey I., Kiraz, Umay, Kirtani, Pawan, Kodach, Liudmila L., Korski, Konstanty, Akturk, Guray, Scott, Ely, Kovács, Anikó, Lænkholm, Anne Vibeke, Lang-Schwarz, Corinna, Larsimont, Denis, Lennerz, Jochen K., Lerousseau, Marvin, Li, Xiaoxian, Madabhushi, Anant, Maley, Sai K., Manur Narasimhamurthy, Vidya, Marks, Douglas K., McDonald, Elizabeth S., Mehrotra, Ravi, Michiels, Stefan, Kharidehal, Durga, Minhas, Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar, Mittal, Shachi, Moore, David A., Mushtaq, Shamim, Nighat, Hussain, Papathomas, Thomas, Penault-Llorca, Frederique, Perera, Rashindrie D., Pinard, Christopher J., Pinto-Cardenas, Juan Carlos, Pruneri, Giancarlo, Pusztai, Lajos, Rajpoot, Nasir Mahmood, Rapoport, Bernardo Leon, Rau, Tilman T., Ribeiro, Joana M., Rimm, David, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Saltz, Joel, Sayed, Shahin, Hytopoulos, Evangelos, Mahon, Sarah, Siziopikou, Kalliopi P., Sotiriou, Christos, Stenzinger, Albrecht, Sughayer, Maher A., Sur, Daniel, Symmans, Fraser, Tanaka, Sunao, Taxter, Timothy, Tejpar, Sabine, Teuwen, Jonas, Thompson, E. Aubrey, Tramm, Trine, Tran, William T., van der Laak, Jeroen, Verghese, Gregory E., Viale, Giuseppe, Wahab, Noorul, Walter, Thomas, Waumans, Yannick, Wen, Hannah Y., Yang, Wentao, Yuan, Yinyin, Bartlett, John, Loibl, Sibylle, Denkert, Carsten, Savas, Peter, Loi, Sherene, Specht Stovgaard, Elisabeth, Salgado, Roberto, Gallagher, William M., and Rahman, Arman
Published: 2024

43. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEARNING PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY THE STUDENTS OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS

Author: Ehtsham Jamil, Munazza Sunbal, Afzaal Afzal, Muhammad Faisal Mushtaq, Ehtsham Jamil, Munazza Sunbal, Afzaal Afzal, and Muhammad Faisal Mushtaq
Abstract: The topic of this study is the comparative analysis of learning problems experienced by the students of government and private schools. Objectives of the study were, to identify the learning problems faced by the students of government schools, to identify the learning problems faced by the students of private schools and to compare the learning problems of the students of government and private schools. For this purpose, the method of quantitative comparative research was adopted. This study was conducted in tehsil City of district Lahore. Sample of 400 male students of grade 5 from private and government schools were taken for this study. Interview schedule including five point Likert’s scale (Strongly Disagree (S.D), Disagree (D), Neutral (N), Agree (A) and Strongly Agree (S.A)) was formulated for this purpose. Quantitative analysis was run through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v 26.0 including descriptive analysis (frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and independent one sample t test. The study evaluated the students' learning experience based on three indicators including the problems related to concentration, understanding and memorizing of lessons. Findings of this study conclude that private school students have fewer learning problems than government school students, and there is a significant difference between the two groups. This suggests that government schools should recognize the challenges faced by the students in order to address their learning needs.
Published: 2024

44. Mutant anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor identification by integrated in silico approaches

Author: Ahmad, Nadeem, Ali Khan, Salman, Sardar, Madiha, Mushtaq, Mamona, Siddiqui, Ali Raza, Munsif, Sajida, Nur-e-Alam, Mohammad, Nerukh, Dmitry, Ul-Haq, Zaheer, Ahmad, Nadeem, Ali Khan, Salman, Sardar, Madiha, Mushtaq, Mamona, Siddiqui, Ali Raza, Munsif, Sajida, Nur-e-Alam, Mohammad, Nerukh, Dmitry, and Ul-Haq, Zaheer
Abstract: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the primary form of lung cancer globally and remains a leading cause of mortality. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations, such as I1171N + L1198H, have been discovered to confer resistance to current ALK inhibitors, reducing their therapeutic effectiveness. Addressing drug resistance necessitates exploring selective inhibitors for innovative therapeutic approaches. In this study, a structure-based pharmacophore model, using ALK-approved inhibitors, was developed to screen an In-house database for potential mutant ALK inhibitors. Compounds with requisite pharmacophoric features were evaluated for binding potential against the I1171N + L1198H ALK mutant phenotype. Selected hits underwent assessment for chemical reactivity, and dynamics stability. The study identified five chemical scaffolds (NS1-5) with favorable binding modes and pharmacokinetic properties. The conformational ensembles featured the average RMSD values, ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 nm. RMSF analysis revealed consistent side chain fluctuations with reduced flexibility, while Rog analysis indicated convergence of most complexes. NS1 and NS5, in particular emerged as promising candidates, exhibiting remarkable performance than others, with binding free energies of −210.12 ± 9.94 and −163.68 ± 11.14 kcal/mol, respectively. These findings thus suggest further exploration and optimisation of NS1 and NS5 for mutant ALK inhibitors for the treatment of NSCLC.
Published: 2024

45. Mutant anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor identification by integrated in silico approaches

Author: Ahmad, Nadeem, Ali Khan, Salman, Sardar, Madiha, Mushtaq, Mamona, Siddiqui, Ali Raza, Munsif, Sajida, Nur-e-Alam, Mohammad, Nerukh, Dmitry, Ul-Haq, Zaheer, Ahmad, Nadeem, Ali Khan, Salman, Sardar, Madiha, Mushtaq, Mamona, Siddiqui, Ali Raza, Munsif, Sajida, Nur-e-Alam, Mohammad, Nerukh, Dmitry, and Ul-Haq, Zaheer
Abstract: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the primary form of lung cancer globally and remains a leading cause of mortality. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations, such as I1171N + L1198H, have been discovered to confer resistance to current ALK inhibitors, reducing their therapeutic effectiveness. Addressing drug resistance necessitates exploring selective inhibitors for innovative therapeutic approaches. In this study, a structure-based pharmacophore model, using ALK-approved inhibitors, was developed to screen an In-house database for potential mutant ALK inhibitors. Compounds with requisite pharmacophoric features were evaluated for binding potential against the I1171N + L1198H ALK mutant phenotype. Selected hits underwent assessment for chemical reactivity, and dynamics stability. The study identified five chemical scaffolds (NS1-5) with favorable binding modes and pharmacokinetic properties. The conformational ensembles featured the average RMSD values, ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 nm. RMSF analysis revealed consistent side chain fluctuations with reduced flexibility, while Rog analysis indicated convergence of most complexes. NS1 and NS5, in particular emerged as promising candidates, exhibiting remarkable performance than others, with binding free energies of −210.12 ± 9.94 and −163.68 ± 11.14 kcal/mol, respectively. These findings thus suggest further exploration and optimisation of NS1 and NS5 for mutant ALK inhibitors for the treatment of NSCLC.
Published: 2024

46. Navigating the Divide: A Marxist Analysis of The White Tiger

Author: Iftikhar, Amina, Ahmed, Toqeer, Mahmood, Hifsa, Mushtaq, Aniqa, Iftikhar, Amina, Ahmed, Toqeer, Mahmood, Hifsa, and Mushtaq, Aniqa
Abstract: This study conducted a Marxist analysis of Arvind Adiga’s The White Tiger The study aims to demonstrate how desire shapes the protagonist, Balram and influences broader societal dynamics within the framework of Marxist theory. By deploying this theory as its lens, the paper seeks to unveil the underlying structures perpetuating social inequalities in the depicted Indian milieu. The narrative unfolds through a dual exploration of two distinct social classes: privileged ‘haves’ in the India of Light and the marginalized ‘have nots’ in the India of Darkness. Through meticulous examination of specific instances in the novel, the analysis reveals the illicit use of state resources by political and economic elites, showcasing the intricate interplay between desire, corruption, and societal structures. The study illuminates how Adiga portrays the extreme and practical facets of Indian society, providing a nuanced understanding of the character’s motivations and the broader socio-economic context. This exploration contributes to a deeper comprehension of the novel’s socio-political commentary, elucidating the complex connections between individual aspirations, systemic corruption, and class divisions. In conclusion, the analysis not only enriches our understanding of The White Tiger, but also augments the broader discourse on literature, ideology, and societal critique.
Published: 2024

47. An Experimental Analysis of Pragmatic Competence in Human-ChatGPT Conversations

Author: Nazeer, Imran, Khan, Nida Mushtaq, Nawaz, Aman, Rehman, Jawaria, Nazeer, Imran, Khan, Nida Mushtaq, Nawaz, Aman, and Rehman, Jawaria
Abstract: The main purpose to conduct this research was to evaluate the pragmatic capability of ChatGPT in human interaction and analyze how does ChatGPT, as an advanced language modal, handle linguistic features; irony, metaphor, and indirect requests during conversation with humans. Besides, this study followed a mixed method approach by conducting interactive conversation with three participants to determine the pragmatic competence of ChatGPT through speech act theory and language analysis using irony, metaphor, and indirect requests as linguistics techniques. Thus, ChatGPT has proved to work effectively in human interactions so far by understanding the linguistic context of content and generating responses accordingly yet, it appears more efficient when dealing with tone recognition and complex linguistic constructs like irony and metaphor respectively. To achieve accurate responses in different type of conversations, this research suggests a progressive approach towards the betterment of the responsive capabilities of ChatGPT by incorporating information from various linguistic datasets and users’ feedback.
Published: 2024

48. 24-Month Outcomes of Indirect Decompression Using a Minimally Invasive Interspinous Fixation Device versus Standard Open Direct Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Prospective Comparison

Author: Baranidharan,Ganesan, Bretherton,Beatrice, Feltbower,Richard, Timothy,Jake, Khan,Almas, Subramanian,Ashok, Ahmed,Mushtaq, Crowther,Tracey, Radford,Helen, Gupta,Harun, Chandramohan,Muthusamy, Beall,Douglas, Deer,Timothy, Hedman,Thomas, Baranidharan,Ganesan, Bretherton,Beatrice, Feltbower,Richard, Timothy,Jake, Khan,Almas, Subramanian,Ashok, Ahmed,Mushtaq, Crowther,Tracey, Radford,Helen, Gupta,Harun, Chandramohan,Muthusamy, Beall,Douglas, Deer,Timothy, and Hedman,Thomas
Abstract: Ganesan Baranidharan,1,2 Beatrice Bretherton,1,3 Richard G Feltbower,4 Jake Timothy,5 Almas Latif Khan,6,7 Ashok Subramanian,8 Mushtaq Ahmed,9 Tracey A Crowther,1,10 Helen Radford,10,11 Harun Gupta,12 Muthusamy Chandramohan,13 Douglas P Beall,14 Timothy R Deer,15 Thomas Hedman16 1Pain Management Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; 2School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 3School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 4Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 5Department of Neuroscience, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; 6Department of Spine Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; 7Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 8Somerset Spinal Surgery Service, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, UK; 9Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK; 10Research & Innovation, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; 11Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 12Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; 13Radiology Department, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK; 14Comprehensive Specialty Care, Edmond, OK, USA; 15The Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, WV, USA; 16Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USACorrespondence: Ganesan Baranidharan, Pain Management Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK, Email g.baranidharan@nhs.netPurpose: An early-stage, multi-centre, prospective, randomised control trial with five-year follow-up was approved by Health Research Authority to compare the efficacy of a minimally invasive, laterally implanted interspinous fixation device (IFD) to open direct surgical decompression in treating lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Two-year results
Published: 2024

49. Rationale and design of the CONFIRM2 (Quantitative COroNary CT Angiography Evaluation For Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational, Multicenter Registry) study

Author: van Rosendael, Alexander R, Crabtree, Tami, Bax, Jeroen J, Nakanishi, Rine, Mushtaq, Saima, Pontone, Gianluca, Andreini, Daniele, Buechel, Ronny R; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8064-8904, Gräni, Christoph, Feuchtner, Gudrun, Patel, Toral R, Choi, Andrew D, Al-Mallah, Mouaz, Nabi, Faisal, Karlsberg, Ronald P, Rochitte, Carlos E, Alasnag, Mirvat, Hamdan, Ashraf, Cademartiri, Filippo, Marques, Hugo, Kalra, Dinesh, German, David M, Gupta, Himanshu, Hadamitzky, Martin, Deaño, Roderick C, Khalique, Omar, Knaapen, Paul, Hoffmann, Udo, Earls, James, Min, James K, et al, van Rosendael, Alexander R, Crabtree, Tami, Bax, Jeroen J, Nakanishi, Rine, Mushtaq, Saima, Pontone, Gianluca, Andreini, Daniele, Buechel, Ronny R; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8064-8904, Gräni, Christoph, Feuchtner, Gudrun, Patel, Toral R, Choi, Andrew D, Al-Mallah, Mouaz, Nabi, Faisal, Karlsberg, Ronald P, Rochitte, Carlos E, Alasnag, Mirvat, Hamdan, Ashraf, Cademartiri, Filippo, Marques, Hugo, Kalra, Dinesh, German, David M, Gupta, Himanshu, Hadamitzky, Martin, Deaño, Roderick C, Khalique, Omar, Knaapen, Paul, Hoffmann, Udo, Earls, James, Min, James K, and et al
Abstract: BACKGROUND In the last 15 years, large registries and several randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the diagnostic and prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Advances in CT scanner technology and developments of analytic tools now enable accurate quantification of coronary artery disease (CAD), including total coronary plaque volume and low attenuation plaque volume. The primary aim of CONFIRM2, (Quantitative COroNary CT Angiography Evaluation For Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational, Multicenter Registry) is to perform comprehensive quantification of CCTA findings, including coronary, non-coronary cardiac, non-cardiac vascular, non-cardiac findings, and relate them to clinical variables and cardiovascular clinical outcomes. DESIGN CONFIRM2 is a multicenter, international observational cohort study designed to evaluate multidimensional associations between quantitative phenotype of cardiovascular disease and future adverse clinical outcomes in subjects undergoing clinically indicated CCTA. The targeted population is heterogenous and includes patients undergoing CCTA for atherosclerotic evaluation, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease or pre-procedural evaluation. Automated software will be utilized for quantification of coronary plaque, stenosis, vascular morphology and cardiac structures for rapid and reproducible tissue characterization. Up to 30,000 patients will be included from up to 50 international multi-continental clinical CCTA sites and followed for 3-4 years. SUMMARY CONFIRM2 is one of the largest CCTA studies to establish the clinical value of a multiparametric approach to quantify the phenotype of cardiovascular disease by CCTA using automated imaging solutions.
Published: 2024

50. First Report of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Carrying mcr-1 IncI2(delta) and IncX4 Plasmids from Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Gulf Region.

Author: Ghazawi, Akela, Strepis, Nikolaos, Anes, Febin, Yaaqeib, Dana, Ahmed, Amal, AlHosani, Aysha, AlShehhi, Mirah, Manzoor, Ashrat, Habib, Ihab, Wani, Nisar A., Hays, John, Khan, Mushtaq, Ghazawi, Akela, Strepis, Nikolaos, Anes, Febin, Yaaqeib, Dana, Ahmed, Amal, AlHosani, Aysha, AlShehhi, Mirah, Manzoor, Ashrat, Habib, Ihab, Wani, Nisar A., Hays, John, and Khan, Mushtaq
Abstract: Addressing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge in veterinary and public health. In this study, we focused on determining the presence, phenotypic background, and genetic epidemiology of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr) in Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from camels farmed in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Fecal samples were collected from 50 camels at a Dubai-based farm in the UAE and colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli were isolated using selective culture. Subsequently, a multiplex PCR targeting a range of mcr-genes, plasmid profiling, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were conducted. Eleven of fifty camel fecal samples (22%) yielded colonies positive for E. coli isolates carrying the mcr-1 gene on mobile genetic elements. No other mcr-gene variants and no chromosomally located colistin resistance genes were detected. Following plasmid profiling and WGS, nine E. coli isolates from eight camels were selected for in-depth analysis. E. coli sequence types (STs) identified included ST7, ST21, ST24, ST399, ST649, ST999, and STdaa2. Seven IncI2(delta) and two IncX4 plasmids were found to be associated with mcr-1 carriage in these isolates. These findings represent the first identification of mcr-1-carrying plasmids associated with camels in the Gulf region. The presence of mcr-1 in camels from this region was previously unreported and serves as a novel finding in the field of AMR surveillance.
Published: 2024

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