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This project deals with analysis and design with an emphasis laid on effect of earthquake on an important soil retaining structure like cantilever retaining wall. This work also throws light on earthquake damages to retaining structures with help of some case studies. The determination static as well as dynamic earth pressure of cantilever retaining walls will give an idea on the how less intense or severe load combination can result in for a retaining wall to bear it. Retaining walls should be designed for the most onerous load case which could be applied over the lifetime of the structure giving due regard to water table levels and water pressures, parapet loads, consolidation of soils action of by tree roots, collision loads etc. Careful consideration is required to devise all the load cases for which the wall should be designed. The overall stability of the retaining wall against sliding and overturning must be determined prior to construction giving due regard the site soil condition in particular the bearing capacity of the foundation strata based upon the ability of the ground to withstand the combined actions of vertical, horizontal and rotational loading that the wall transfers to the ground.

This project deals with analysis and design with an emphasis laid on effect of earthquake on an important soil retaining structure like cantilever retaining wall. This work also throws light on earthquake damages to retaining structures with help of some case studies. The determination static as well as dynamic earth pressure of cantilever retaining walls will give an idea on the how less intense or severe load combination can result in for a retaining wall to bear it. Retaining walls should be designed for the most onerous load case which could be applied over the lifetime of the structure giving due regard to water table levels and water pressures, parapet loads, consolidation of soils action of by tree roots, collision loads etc. Careful consideration is required to devise all the load cases for which the wall should be designed. The overall stability of the retaining wall against sliding and overturning must be determined prior to construction giving due regard the site soil condition in particular the bearing capacity of the foundation strata based upon the ability of the ground to withstand the combined actions of vertical, horizontal and rotational loading that the wall transfers to the ground.

Buildings may be considered as asymmetric in plan or in elevation based on the distribution of mass and stiffness along each storey, throughout the height of the buildings. Most of the hilly regions of India are highly seismic. A building on hill slope differs in different way from other buildings. In this study, 3D analytical model of four and nine storied buildings have been generated for symmetric and asymmetric building models and analyzed using structural analysis tool “ETABS Nonlinear”. To study the effect of varying height of columns in ground storey due to sloping ground, the plan layout is kept similar for both buildings on plane and sloping ground. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure. To study the effect of infill during earthquake, seismic analysis using both linear dynamics (response spectrum method) as well as nonlinear static procedure (pushover) has been performed.

This project deals with analysis and design with an emphasis laid on effect of earthquake on an important soil retaining structure like cantilever retaining wall. This work also throws light on earthquake damages to retaining structures with help of some case studies. The determination static as well as dynamic earth pressure of cantilever retaining walls will give an idea on the how less intense or severe load combination can result in for a retaining wall to bear it. Retaining walls should be designed for the most onerous load case which could be applied over the lifetime of the structure giving due regard to water table levels and water pressures, parapet loads, consolidation of soils action of by tree roots, collision loads etc. Careful consideration is required to devise all the load cases for which the wall should be designed. The overall stability of the retaining wall against sliding and overturning must be determined prior to construction giving due regard the site soil condition in particular the bearing capacity of the foundation strata based upon the ability of the ground to withstand the combined actions of vertical, horizontal and rotational loading that the wall transfers to the ground.

This project deals with analysis and design with an emphasis laid on effect of earthquake on an important soil retaining structure like cantilever retaining wall. This work also throws light on earthquake damages to retaining structures with help of some case studies. The determination static as well as dynamic earth pressure of cantilever retaining walls will give an idea on the how less intense or severe load combination can result in for a retaining wall to bear it. Retaining walls should be designed for the most onerous load case which could be applied over the lifetime of the structure giving due regard to water table levels and water pressures, parapet loads, consolidation of soils action of by tree roots, collision loads etc. Careful consideration is required to devise all the load cases for which the wall should be designed. The overall stability of the retaining wall against sliding and overturning must be determined prior to construction giving due regard the site soil condition in particular the bearing capacity of the foundation strata based upon the ability of the ground to withstand the combined actions of vertical, horizontal and rotational loading that the wall transfers to the ground.

Buildings may be considered as asymmetric in plan or in elevation based on the distribution of mass and stiffness along each storey, throughout the height of the buildings. Most of the hilly regions of India are highly seismic. A building on hill slope differs in different way from other buildings. In this study, 3D analytical model of four and nine storied buildings have been generated for symmetric and asymmetric building models and analyzed using structural analysis tool “ETABS Nonlinear”. To study the effect of varying height of columns in ground storey due to sloping ground, the plan layout is kept similar for both buildings on plane and sloping ground. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure. To study the effect of infill during earthquake, seismic analysis using both linear dynamics (response spectrum method) as well as nonlinear static procedure (pushover) has been performed.