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This article analyses the impact on the political position of South Korean youth of the manipulation carried out by the Korean National Intelligence Service (NIS) in the Choi-gate case and the sinking of MV Sewol, to favour Park Geun Hye’s presidential campaign during the 2012 elections. For that purpose, we conducted a survey with young Koreans and interviews with experts in South Korean culture, society, and politics. The results confirm (i) the influence of these events on the political disaffection of South Korea's youth and (ii) the existence of significant differences between the university and non-university political students., A Coreia do Sul é um país onde a atitude apática da população em relação à política permitiu várias tentativas de manipulação da opinião pública, como a eleição presidencial de 2012 ou o incidente do Ferry Sewol, nas que o Serviço Nacional de Inteligência da Coreia (NIS) modificou informações para favorecer a então presidente, Park Geun Hye. Esta pesquisa pretende compreender a relação entre os diversos eventos de manipulação da opinião pública e a posição atual dos jovens coreanos em relação à política. Através de pesquisas e entrevistas com jovens coreanos e especialistas, pretende-se compreender a relação entre os diversos eventos de manipulação da opinião pública e a posição atual dos jovens coreanos em relação à política. Entre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se a diferença de concepção da participação dos jovens entre os entrevistados universitários e não universitários., En este artículo analizamos el impacto en la posición política de la juventud surcoreana de las manipulaciones que el que el Servicio Nacional de Inteligencia (NIS) coreano realizó respecto al caso Choi-gate y el naufragio del Sewol Ferry para favorecer la campaña presidencial de Park Geun Hye durante las elecciones 2012. Para ello recurrimos a una encuesta a jóvenes coreanos y a entrevistas a expertos en materia de cultura y política del país. Los resultados confirman (i) la influencia de estos eventos en la desafección política de los jóvenes surcoreanos y (ii) la existencia de diferencias significativas entre los jóvenes universitarios y no universitarios.

The EU Parliament has passed the proposal for a revised cybersecurity measures directive (NIS2) which will come into effect in late 2022 or early 2023. The reg- ulation aims to enhance the protection of network and information systems of services that are essential to maintain critical societal and economic activities. But such aims encompass further regulation for those who offer such essential ser- vices that result in obligations to implement measures within the organization to ensure that these cybersecurity measures are in accordance with the regulation. The purpose of this thesis is thus to examine and analyze if the NIS2 regula- tion will prove efficient protection of network and information systems of essen- tial services. A technical perspective is applied to investigate what cybersecurity is, but it is also examined in a legal perspective, to determine what cybersecurity means in a legal context. What cybersecurity is and how it can be protected in NIS2 are analyzed through the method of legal dogmatics, as well as the EU legal method and the method of legal informatics. The investigation results in a definition of what cybersecurity encompasses as both a legal and a technical term. Based on this definition, the study then exam- ines NIS2 and compares it to the current legislation, both in an EU context and a Swedish context in order to assess the efficiency of the directive. This is done by breaking up main points of the NIS2 into different problem areas and inves- tigating the possible consequences of the regulations and seeing if these conse- quences can lead to a higher compliance with the directive. Since the de lege lata part of the essay points to a number of issues with the efficiency of the NIS2, the thesis analyses these issues and discusses possible de lege ferenda solutions to these problems.

Understanding the characteristics and conditions that make non-indigenous species (NIS) successful at establishing in recipient communities is a key in determining their potential impacts on native species, as well as to improve management actions such as prevention of future invasions. The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is one of the most widespread non-indigenous fish species in the Northern Hemisphere, including the coastal zones of the Baltic Sea. The impacts of round goby in the Baltic Sea are pronounced and multifaceted, yet our knowledge regarding the underlying assembly processes determining its establishment is limited. To overcome this knowledge gap, we applied a trait-based approach to assess the degree of niche overlap and functional (trait) similarity between round goby and native fish species in coastal areas from the Baltic Sea, based on the functional distinctiveness metric. Our results show that round goby is generally quite similar (or not dissimilar) to the native fish of the regional species pool, at least in terms of its overall trait composition. Conversely, round goby demonstrates pronounced differences compared to the native community in its display of parental care and territorial behaviour. Such differences in individual traits could play an important role in round goby’s invasion success in the Baltic Sea, including its interactions with native species (e.g. competition). Our results and their potential implications may be highly relevant for conservation and management if integrated within existing risk assessment tools for biological invasions in order to prioritise and enhance the effectiveness of preventative actions towards the expansion of round goby.

Introduced species constitute a critical bio-security issue worldwide and the precise monitoring of their spread is crucial for their management. For species forming cryptic complexes this may remain difficult. Using integrative taxonomy, we formally report for the first time, well-established populations of the cosmopolitan introduced bryozoan Watersipora subatra in the French Mediterranean Sea and compile worldwide existing genetic data for Watersipora species alongside newly acquired data to establish the most complete phylogeny of the genus to date. This revealed pervasive erroneous identifications in Genbank, which in turn perpetrate further errors in recent studies, primarily misidentifying W. subatra as W. subtorquata. High abundance and geographic spread of W. subatra in our Mediterranean sampling sites suggest that this species has been present for some time but has been misidentified until now. We provide an updated species identification for all current reference sequences in the Watersipora genus, which may help future monitoring of W. subatra and other Watersipora species.

Cybersecurity threats have grown to become a global threat to private actors and states. While work processes are becoming more efficient, rapid technological developments are exposing network and information systems to vulnerabilities. The private sector plays a significant role in keeping the EU and Sweden safe in cyberspace since technological development is essentially controlled by private actors. When it comes to socially important activities, private actors both own and operate large parts of the market, which in turn means that attacks on private actors affecting trade secrets can pose a threat to market competition and economic prosperity. This thesis maps out how the EU has chosen to combat this with the NIS and NIS2 Directives. Specifically, this thesis maps out changes in cybersecurity requirements for private actors providing digital solutions in the light of NIS2. The previous NIS has shown to be inherently flawed with regards to the EU goal of achieving a high common level of security for network and information systems. The need for renewed legislation is therefore great and, as the investigation shows, NIS2 entails a change in the content, structure, and scope of important and essential entities. In short, the NIS2 Directive requires entities to perform their due diligence and document appropriate and proportionate measures based on an all-risk analysis. The increased and broadened requirements in NIS2, which are certainly justified by the increased cybersecurity threats, must also be weighed against an overly burdensome bureaucracy for authorities and private actors. In addition, this thesis analyzes the format of NIS2 and its potential impact on the internal market of the EU. Given the fact that it is a market regulation, a proportionality assessment is required in relation to the competitive disadvantages that an overly burdensome legislation may result in for private actors. At the same time, sanctions and enforcement measures must be sufficient

[Background]: Loss of the transcription factor GLI-Similar 3 (GLIS3) function causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in both humans and mice due to decreased expression of several thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthetic genes in thyroid follicular cells. Whether and to what extent, GLIS3 regulates thyroid gene transcription in coordination with other thyroid transcriptional factors (TFs), such as PAX8, NKX2.1 and FOXE1, is poorly understood. [Methods]: PAX8, NKX2.1, and FOXE1 ChIP-Seq analysis with mouse thyroid glands and rat thyrocyte PCCl3 cells was performed and compared to that of GLIS3 to analyze the co-regulation of gene transcription in thyroid follicular cells by these TFs. [Results]: Analysis of the PAX8, NKX2.1, and FOXE1 cistromes identified extensive overlaps between these TF binding loci and those of GLIS3 indicating that GLIS3 shares many of the same regulatory regions with PAX8, NKX2.1, and FOXE1, particularly in genes associated with TH biosynthesis, induced by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and suppressed in Glis3KO thyroid glands, including Slc5a5 (Nis), Slc26a4, Cdh16, and Adm2. ChIP-QPCR analysis showed that loss of GLIS3 did not significantly affect PAX8 or NKX2.1 binding and did not cause major alterations in H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 epigenetic signals. [Conclusions]: Our study indicates that GLIS3 regulates transcription of TH biosynthetic and TSH-inducible genes in thyroid follicular cells in coordination with PAX8, NKX2.1, and FOXE1 by binding within the same regulatory hub. GLIS3 does not cause major changes in chromatin structure at these common regulatory regions. GLIS3 may induce transcriptional activation by enhancing the interaction of these regulatory regions with other enhancers and/or RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) complexes.

This article analyses the impact on the political position of South Korean youth of the manipulation carried out by the Korean National Intelligence Service (NIS) in the Choi-gate case and the sinking of MV Sewol, to favour Park Geun Hye’s presidential campaign during the 2012 elections. For that purpose, we conducted a survey with young Koreans and interviews with experts in South Korean culture, society, and politics. The results confirm (i) the influence of these events on the political disaffection of South Korea's youth and (ii) the existence of significant differences between the university and non-university political students., A Coreia do Sul é um país onde a atitude apática da população em relação à política permitiu várias tentativas de manipulação da opinião pública, como a eleição presidencial de 2012 ou o incidente do Ferry Sewol, nas que o Serviço Nacional de Inteligência da Coreia (NIS) modificou informações para favorecer a então presidente, Park Geun Hye. Esta pesquisa pretende compreender a relação entre os diversos eventos de manipulação da opinião pública e a posição atual dos jovens coreanos em relação à política. Através de pesquisas e entrevistas com jovens coreanos e especialistas, pretende-se compreender a relação entre os diversos eventos de manipulação da opinião pública e a posição atual dos jovens coreanos em relação à política. Entre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se a diferença de concepção da participação dos jovens entre os entrevistados universitários e não universitários., En este artículo analizamos el impacto en la posición política de la juventud surcoreana de las manipulaciones que el que el Servicio Nacional de Inteligencia (NIS) coreano realizó respecto al caso Choi-gate y el naufragio del Sewol Ferry para favorecer la campaña presidencial de Park Geun Hye durante las elecciones 2012. Para ello recurrimos a una encuesta a jóvenes coreanos y a entrevistas a expertos en materia de cultura y política del país. Los resultados confirman (i) la influencia de estos eventos en la desafección política de los jóvenes surcoreanos y (ii) la existencia de diferencias significativas entre los jóvenes universitarios y no universitarios.

The diversity and distribution of polychaetes in the coastal area and the EEZ of the Republic of Cyprus is presented based on both the literature records and new data acquired in a wide range of environmental monitoring programmes and research projects. A total of 585 polychaete species belonging to 49 families were reported in Cyprus waters; among them, 205 species (34%) were recorded based on the literature only, 149 (26%) were new records based on our own data, and a total of 231 spp. (40%) were recorded from both the literature and new data. A total of 51 polychaete species were identified as non-indigenous; among them, 32 were confirmed as alien species, 4 were considered cryptogenic, and 15 were considered questionable as there were doubts about their identity. The Indo-Pacific Schistomeringos loveni was reported for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea, while four species already reported in the literature, namely, Bispira melanostigma, Fimbriosthenelais longipinnis Leonnates aylaoberi, and Rhodopsis pusilla, were added to the list of non-indigenous polychaetes in the Mediterranean Sea. The current work highlights the importance of implementing environmental monitoring programmes and carrying out research surveys targeting benthic macrofauna assemblages., Energie and Industrie

The introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) induces severe impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystems. Macaronesia is an ecologically relevant region where several NIS were detected recently. For the first time, a standard experimental approach was designed to examine biofouling assemblages and investigate NIS across the region. In this context, sessile biofouling assemblages were examined in four recreational marinas in all the Macaronesian archipelagos from 2018 to 2020: the Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde. We hypothesised that NIS numbers, abundance, and recruitment differed in each location due to abiotic and biotic features. From the Azores (higher latitudes) to Cabo Verde (lower latitudes), NIS recruitment and percentage cover decreased following a partial latitude gradient. The present study unveiled 25 NIS, with new records for the Azores (two cryptogenic species), Canary Islands (one NIS and two cryptogenic species), and Cabo Verde (three NIS and three cryptogenic species). The present research represents a pioneer and relevant step in advancing our current understanding of marine biological invasions in Macaronesia, employing a standard and low-cost approach

The EU Parliament has passed the proposal for a revised cybersecurity measures directive (NIS2) which will come into effect in late 2022 or early 2023. The reg- ulation aims to enhance the protection of network and information systems of services that are essential to maintain critical societal and economic activities. But such aims encompass further regulation for those who offer such essential ser- vices that result in obligations to implement measures within the organization to ensure that these cybersecurity measures are in accordance with the regulation. The purpose of this thesis is thus to examine and analyze if the NIS2 regula- tion will prove efficient protection of network and information systems of essen- tial services. A technical perspective is applied to investigate what cybersecurity is, but it is also examined in a legal perspective, to determine what cybersecurity means in a legal context. What cybersecurity is and how it can be protected in NIS2 are analyzed through the method of legal dogmatics, as well as the EU legal method and the method of legal informatics. The investigation results in a definition of what cybersecurity encompasses as both a legal and a technical term. Based on this definition, the study then exam- ines NIS2 and compares it to the current legislation, both in an EU context and a Swedish context in order to assess the efficiency of the directive. This is done by breaking up main points of the NIS2 into different problem areas and inves- tigating the possible consequences of the regulations and seeing if these conse- quences can lead to a higher compliance with the directive. Since the de lege lata part of the essay points to a number of issues with the efficiency of the NIS2, the thesis analyses these issues and discusses possible de lege ferenda solutions to these problems.

This article analyses the impact on the political position of South Korean youth of the manipulation carried out by the Korean National Intelligence Service (NIS) in the Choi-gate case and the sinking of MV Sewol, to favour Park Geun Hye’s presidential campaign during the 2012 elections. For that purpose, we conducted a survey with young Koreans and interviews with experts in South Korean culture, society, and politics. The results confirm (i) the influence of these events on the political disaffection of South Korea's youth and (ii) the existence of significant differences between the university and non-university political students., En este artículo analizamos el impacto en la posición política de la juventud surcoreana de las manipulaciones que el que el Servicio Nacional de Inteligencia (NIS) coreano realizó respecto al caso Choi-gate y el naufragio del Sewol Ferry para favorecer la campaña presidencial de Park Geun Hye durante las elecciones 2012. Para ello recurrimos a una encuesta a jóvenes coreanos y a entrevistas a expertos en materia de cultura y política del país. Los resultados confirman (i) la influencia de estos eventos en la desafección política de los jóvenes surcoreanos y (ii) la existencia de diferencias significativas entre los jóvenes universitarios y no universitarios., A Coreia do Sul é um país onde a atitude apática da população em relação à política permitiu várias tentativas de manipulação da opinião pública, como a eleição presidencial de 2012 ou o incidente do Ferry Sewol, nas que o Serviço Nacional de Inteligência da Coreia (NIS) modificou informações para favorecer a então presidente, Park Geun Hye. Esta pesquisa pretende compreender a relação entre os diversos eventos de manipulação da opinião pública e a posição atual dos jovens coreanos em relação à política. Através de pesquisas e entrevistas com jovens coreanos e especialistas, pretende-se compreender a relação entre os diversos eventos de manipulação da opinião pública e a posição atual dos jovens coreanos em relação à política. Entre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se a diferença de concepção da participação dos jovens entre os entrevistados universitários e não universitários.

Widespread habitat-forming invaders inhabiting marinas, such as the spaghetti bryozoan Amathia verticillata, allow exploring facilitation processes across spatiotemporal contexts. Here we investigate the role of this bryozoan as habitat for native and exotic macrofaunal assemblages across different ecoregions of Western Mediterranean and East Atlantic coasts, and a monthly variation over a year. While only 7 (all peracarid crustaceans) of the 54 associated species were NIS, they dominated macrofaunal assemblages in terms of abundance, raising the potential for invasional meltdown. NIS richness and community structure differed among marinas but not among ecoregions, highlighting the importance of marina singularities in modulating facilitation at spatial scale. Despite facilitation did not depend on bryozoan abundance fluctuations, it was affected by its deciduous pattern, peaking in summer and disappearing in late winter. Monitoring A. verticillata in marinas, especially in summer periods, may improve the detection and management of multiple associated NIS.

Widespread habitat-forming invaders inhabiting marinas, such as the spaghetti bryozoan Amathia verticillata, allow exploring facilitation processes across spatiotemporal contexts. Here we investigate the role of this bryozoan as habitat for native and exotic macrofaunal assemblages across different ecoregions of Western Mediterranean and East Atlantic coasts, and a monthly variation over a year. While only 7 (all peracarid crustaceans) of the 54 associated species were NIS, they dominated macrofaunal assemblages in terms of abundance, raising the potential for invasional meltdown. NIS richness and community structure differed among marinas but not among ecoregions, highlighting the importance of marina singularities in modulating facilitation at spatial scale. Despite facilitation did not depend on bryozoan abundance fluctuations, it was affected by its deciduous pattern, peaking in summer and disappearing in late winter. Monitoring A. verticillata in marinas, especially in summer periods, may improve the detection and management of multiple associated NIS.

BackgroundClinical experience suggests an increased hospitalization rate for alcohol-related hepatitis (AH) in the winter months; however, seasonal variations in the prevalence of hospitalizations for AH have not been described previously. We hypothesized that AH hospitalizations would be higher in the winter months due to the holiday season and increased alcohol sales.MethodsPatients with primary or secondary discharge diagnosis of AH were included in the study (International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification-10th Revision codes K70.4 and K70.1) between January 2016 and December 2019. The primary outcome measure for this study was daily hospitalizations by each month of the year. Secondary outcome measures included the rate of in-hospital mortality associated with AH, for each month.ResultsThe highest number of AH-related admissions was reported in July (n = 56,800; 9%), followed by August (n = 55,700; 8.8%) and May (n = 54,865; 8.7%). February had the lowest number of admissions (n = 46,550; 7.37%). The adjusted mortality was highest in December (overall mortality: 9.6%; adjusted odds ratio: 1.29; 95% confidence interval: 1.142 - 1.461; P < 0.0001) and lowest in May (overall mortality rate: 7.7%). No difference was noted between length of stay and total hospitalization cost between months.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that seasonal variations in hospitalizations related to AH do exist across the United States. Regional differences also exist and follow unique patterns. The increase in admissions for AH is in line with other studies suggesting that heavy drinking happens during the warm season. Hospital administrators and other stewards of healthcare resources can use seasonal patterns to guide allocation of resources.

Introduction and objectives: Since its beginning, nuclear medicine has played an important role in the study and treatment of thyroid pathology. The finding of a thyroid nodule is a very frequent situation in daily clinical practice. Today, the development of new techniques including high-resolution ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration puncture has led to an important progress in diagnosis and management of the disease. These procedures have enabled the development of classification systems that allow to categorize the nodules by its ultrasound characteristics (TI-RADS) and its cytological characteristics (Bethesda), providing guidance on the attitude to follow in each case. The aim of this work is to conduct a review of the guidelines and recommendations for thyroid scintigraphy as well as to establish its relationship with the TI-RADS groups and the Bethesda cytology. Synthesis: Because iodine plays an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the thyroid gland, iodine radiopharmaceuticals or its analogues are very suitable for the study of thyroid imaging. Despite the development of new and very precise techniques for the study of the thyroid nodule, thyroid scintigraphy remains the only technique capable of correlating thyroid anatomy and thyroid function and, therefore, it is the only test capable of demonstrating the presence of autonomous thyroid nodules, which rarely result in malignancy. Furthermore, images with specific tracers such as sestamibi-99mTc and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose can provide information on the biological behavior of cytologically indeter-minate nodules. Conclusion: Thyroid scintigraphy is the only diagnostic method that provides information on the functional state of the gland. Its integration into the TIRADS and Bethesda groups is of the utmost importance to avoid unnecessary biopsies. In addition, the use of specific radiopharmaceuticals, including positron emission tomography, provides useful information in the case of nodu, Introducción y objetivo: La medicina Nuclear, desde sus inicios, ha tenido un papel importante en el estudio y tratamiento de la patología tiroidea. El hallazgo de un nódulo tiroideo es una situación muy frecuente en la práctica clínica diaria. En la actualidad, el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas como son la ecografía de alta resolución y la punción por aspiración con aguja fina ha originado un importante avance en el diagnóstico y manejo de ésta patología. Estos procedimientos han facilitado el desarrollo de sistemas de clasificación según las características ecográficas de los nódulos (TI-RADS) y según sus carac-terísticas citológicas (Bethesda) que orientan sobre la actitud a seguir en los diferentes casos. EL objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión de las indicaciones y recomendaciones de la gammagrafía tiroidea y establecer su relación con los grupos TI-RADS y la citología Bethesda. Síntesis: Debido a que el iodo juega un rol importante en la fisiología y fisiopatología de la glándula tiroides, los radiofármacos del iodo o sus análogos son muy adecuados para el estudio de imágenes tiroideas. A pesar del desarrollo de nuevas técnicas muy precisas para el estudio del nódulo tiroideo, la gammagrafía de tiroides sigue siendo la única técnica capaz de correlacionar anatomía y función tiroidea y, por tanto, es el único examen capaz de demostrar la presencia de nódulos tiroideos autónomos, que raramente conllevan malignidad. Además, imágenes con trazadores específicos como el sestamibi-99mTc y 18F-fluorodeoxyglucosa pueden suministrar información del comportamiento biológico de nódulos citológicamente indeterminados. Conclusión: La gammagrafía de tiroides es el único método diagnóstico que proporciona información del estado funcional de la glándula. Su integración en los grupos TIRADS y Bethesda es de suma importancia para evitar biopsias innecesarias. Además, el uso de radiofármacos específicos, incluyendo la tomografía por emisión de positrones, propor-ciona

Lokalitet Velika Humska Čuka nalazi se u selu Hum kod Niša, na platou dominantnog uzvišenja na severoistočnom rubu Niškog polja. Neposredno pre kampanje iskopavanja 2019. godine, obavljena je probna geomagnetna prospekcija na površini 30 m x 30 m. Prospekcija je realizovana na severoistočnom delu platoa, tik zapadno uz sonde 1/14 i 3/15 u kojima su u prethodnim kampanjama evidentirani ostaci kuće iz starijeg eneolita.

For externally fertilising organisms in the aquatic environment, the abiotic fertilisation medium can be a strong selecting force. Among bony fishes, sperm are adapted to function in a narrow salinity range. A notable exception is the family Gobiidae, where several species reproduce across a wide salinity range. The family also contains several wide-spread invasive species. To better understand how these fishes tolerate such varying conditions, we measured sperm performance in relation to salinity from a freshwater and a brackish population within their ancestral Ponto-Caspian region of the round goby, Neogobius melanostomus. These two ancestral populations were then compared to nine additional invaded sites across northern Europe, both in terms of their sperm traits and by using genomic SNP markers. Our results show clear patterns of ancestral adaptations to freshwater and brackish salinities in their sperm performance. Population genomic analyses show that the ancestral ecotypes have generally established themselves in environments that fit their sperm adaptations. Sites close to ports with intense shipping show that both outbreeding and admixture can affect the sperm performance of a population in a given salinity. Rapid adaptation to local conditions is also supported at some sites. Historical and contemporary evolution in the traits of the round goby sperm cells is tightly linked to the population and seascape genomics as well as biogeographic processes in these invasive fishes. Since the risk of a population establishing in an area is related to the genotype by environment match, port connectivity and the ancestry of the round goby population can likely be useful for predicting the species spread.For externally fertilising organisms in the aquatic environment, the abiotic fertilisation medium can be a strong selecting force. Among bony fishes, sperm are adapted to function in a narrow salinity range. A notable exception is the family Gobiidae, where several sp

Non-indigenous species (NIS) in the Arctic have an increased likelihood of arrival from ship traffic in the region, while the survival potential of the species becomes more likely in a warming environment. Monitoring is essential to detect the rate and magnitude of the establishment of NIS. In this study, a list of 123 potential marine NIS for Svalbard was drafted and the presence of marine NIS in soft sediment of Kongsfjorden in Svalbard was assessed using molecular metabarcoding techniques. For 37 species, including eight potential Arctic NIS, we generated new 18S and/or COI barcode sequences to improve the available online reference databases. In total, 299 species were identified in the sediment samples, including seven potential NIS. Three of these potential NIS have not been reported before in Svalbard: the harpacticoid copepod Euterpina acutifrons, and the ascidians Botrylloides violaceus and Molgula manhattensis. Another novel observation for Svalbard was the polychaete Chone mollis. Additional studies are needed to assess whether the NIS have been established on Svalbard and what their potential impact on the local system may be. Metabarcoding proved to be an effective monitoring tool to detect the presence of new species in Svalbard marine waters. We advise its use to set up a baseline record for the presence of NIS at points of entry, especially harbours. This approach is also valuable for biodiversity monitoring, in particular the detection of small organisms and life stages that are hard to identify using current visual techniques.

The ecological theory of crime was first introduced into criminology by theCartographic School of Criminology in the 19th century. Ecological theories of crimewere further developed by the Chicago School of Criminology in the early 20th century.Contemporary ecological theories include routine activity theory, crime pattern theory,and rational choice theory. The impact of the ecological perspective in scientific researchof crime is noticeable in today's studies too. Modern scientists, researchers, andpractitioners study crime by using the geographic information system, statistical andgeostatistical methods, and crime mapping. The empirical research on the spatial patternsand concentration of crime in the City of Nis, Republic of Serbia, was conducted on theresearch sample of property crimes and violent crimes committed in the years 2008, 2013and 2018. All the cases were geocoded into spatial units which represent urban andsuburban areas in the territory of the City of Niš. Descriptive statistics was used toidentify the urban areas with the highest crime rate. Andersen’s Spatial Point Pattern Test(SPPT) was used to check the research hypothesis that the spatial patterns of crime arestable over time. This hypothesis has not been confirmed as the findings show thatcriminal activity demonstrates a trend of moving away from the central city zones towardsthe urban (residential) areas and suburban settlements. The results of this empiricalresearch are of scientific and practical value. This spatial analysis of crime is among thefirst analysis of this kind in Serbia and the Balkans, and it was the very first time in theregion that such analysis involved the application of the Spatial Point Pattern Test(SPPT). The research results maybe useful when creating security strategies and crimeprevention policies by the police, decision-makers, and other stakeholders.

The ecological theory of crime was first introduced into criminology by theCartographic School of Criminology in the 19th century. Ecological theories of crimewere further developed by the Chicago School of Criminology in the early 20th century.Contemporary ecological theories include routine activity theory, crime pattern theory,and rational choice theory. The impact of the ecological perspective in scientific researchof crime is noticeable in today's studies too. Modern scientists, researchers, andpractitioners study crime by using the geographic information system, statistical andgeostatistical methods, and crime mapping. The empirical research on the spatial patternsand concentration of crime in the City of Nis, Republic of Serbia, was conducted on theresearch sample of property crimes and violent crimes committed in the years 2008, 2013and 2018. All the cases were geocoded into spatial units which represent urban andsuburban areas in the territory of the City of Niš. Descriptive statistics was used toidentify the urban areas with the highest crime rate. Andersen’s Spatial Point Pattern Test(SPPT) was used to check the research hypothesis that the spatial patterns of crime arestable over time. This hypothesis has not been confirmed as the findings show thatcriminal activity demonstrates a trend of moving away from the central city zones towardsthe urban (residential) areas and suburban settlements. The results of this empiricalresearch are of scientific and practical value. This spatial analysis of crime is among thefirst analysis of this kind in Serbia and the Balkans, and it was the very first time in theregion that such analysis involved the application of the Spatial Point Pattern Test(SPPT). The research results maybe useful when creating security strategies and crimeprevention policies by the police, decision-makers, and other stakeholders.

Отворен простор је значајна тема у развоју града и могућности социјализације корисника. Ти простори на примеру блоковских структура, а посебно отвореног блока, су веома запажен део вишепородичног становања нарочито у периоду након 1960их година у Србији. Рад испитује могућу поделу унутар појединачних одабраних отворених заједничких простора. Сагледава се могућа систематизацију која обухвата градацију коришћења делова тих простора, те да сваки сегмент простора у оквиру блока није идентично атрактиван нити једнако оптерећен корисницима. Простор се кроз анализу мапира у зависности од више параметара који се проистичу из типологије објеката вишепородичног становања (уређење и намена у приземљу, позиција и број улаза и сл.), позиције главних пешачких комуникација, саобраћајног решења, уређених игралишта и др. Отворени заједнички простор се може аналитички поделити на различите сегменте који су међузависни и хијерархијски одређени. Предложена хипотеза рада је да је коришћење и обликовање отвореног заједничког простора у оквиру вишепородичног становања директно везано за типологију стамбених склопова, постојање или непостојање урбаног мобилијара, важност других фокусних тачака у оквиру простора које корисник најчешће користи (паркинг, продавница и др). С тим у вези рад анализира два примера отворених заједничких простора вишепородичног становања на примеру два стамбена блока у Београду и Нишу, који служе као полигон за испитивање потенцијалне диференцијације простора. Спроведеним истраживањем уочавају се могућности искоришћења простора. Циљ рада је да се мапирањем ових зона јасно уочи шаблон коришћења и створи основ за истраживање будућих сценарија коришћења тих простора, уз унапређење комфора. Тиме се отвара могућност за даље интеревенције и прилагођавање простора новим потребама., Public space is a significant topic in the development of the city and the opportunity as a means of socialization of users. These spaces, on the example of block structures, and especially the open block, is a very noticeable part of multi-family housing, especially in the period after the 1960s in Serbia. This paper examines the possible division within the selected open common spaces. These spaces can be systematized, which includes the gradation of the use of different parts of these spaces, and that each segment of space within the block is not identically attractive or equally crowded by users. Such space is mapped through analysis depending on several parameters that include the typology of multi-family housing (functions of the ground floor, position, and number of entrances, etc.), the position of the main pedestrian communications, traffic solutions inside the block, furnished playgrounds, etc. An open common space can be analytically divided into different segments that are interdependent and hierarchically determined. The proposed hypothesis is that the use and design of open common space within multi-family housing is directly related to the typology of housing units, the existence or non-existence of urban furniture, the importance of other focal points within the space most often used (parking, shop, etc.). In this regard, the paper analyzes two examples of open common spaces of multi-family housing on the example of two residential blocks in Belgrade and Niš, which serve as a testing ground for examining the potential differentiation of space. This paper aims to see the pattern of use by mapping these zones and create a base for enabling new scenarios of future uses, providing sufficient comfort. Paper intends to create a framework for further interventions and adapting the space for new uses.

The appropriate amount of iodine is critical for normal function of thyroid cells synthesizing thyroid hormones. Although normal thyroid cell lines such as rat PCCL3 and FRTL5 and human Nthy-ori 3-1 have been widely used for in vitro studies on physiological and pathophysiological effects of iodine on thyroid cells, we have recently pointed out the critical differences between FRTL5/PCCL3 cells and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. Therefore, we here directly compared some of the cellular characteristics?iodine uptake, differentiated status, iodine-induced cytotoxicity, and iodine-regulation of autophagy?between PCCL3 and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. PCCL3 cells express messenger RNAs for thyrotropin receptor and sodium/iodine symporter and incorporate iodine in a thyrotropin-dependent manner, whereas Nthy-ori 3-1 cells do not either. Nevertheless, both cells were comparably resistant to iodine cytotoxicity: Only far excess iodine (5 × 10?2 M) killed 20% to 40% cells in 24 hours with perchlorate exhibiting no effect, suggesting this cytotoxic effect is due to extracellular iodine. In contrast, a wide range of iodine (5 × 10?9 to 5 × 10?2 M) induced autophagy in PCCL3 cells, which was abolished by perchlorate, indicating intracellular iodine-induction of autophagy, but this effect was not observed in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. In conclusion,it is critical to discriminate the effect of iodine incorporated into cells from that of extracellular iodine on thyroid cells. Iodine-uptake competent thyroid cells such as PCCL3 and FRTL5 cells, not Nthy-ori 3-1 cells, should be used for studies on iodine effect on thyroid cells., Journal of the Endocrine Society, 4(11), art.no.bvaa146; 2020

A relatively scarce number of morphological features available for delimiting closely related species and an increasingly worrisome scenario on Global Climate Change causing the rapid dispersion of invasive alien species can lead to the rapid spread of reports of a given species around the world. Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 is considered the most widespread freshwater jellyfish species and has been reported in numerous locations on all continents except Antarctica. Recently, a few medusae attributed to C. sowerbii were collected from a water reservoir (Bin El Ouidan) in Morocco, this being the first confirmed record of the species from North Africa. The morphology of these newly collected specimens agrees well with previous descriptions, but mitochondrial (Cox1 and 16S) and nuclear ITS (ITS1–5,8S–ITS2) molecular data lead to a discussion of a more complex general view concerning the number of species, synonyms and nomenclatural problems hidden behind the reports of Craspedacusta sowerbii.

In Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) in recent years an immunohistochemical markers were detected. Several authors consider their use as perspective to predict tumor behavior and the risk of recurrence and for differential diagnosis between different variants of PTC. However, the data obtained during various studies are controversial, which necessitates further research.Materials and methods: Using standard methods, the pathogistological material was obtained after surgical treatment of 273 patients with PTC. Expression of immunohistochemical markers: TTF1 and Gal3 - in 48 patients, p53 - in 50 patients, Ki-67 in 53 patients, NIS in 44 patients detected immunohistochemically. The connection between the histological type of tumor, the level of expression of immunohistochemical markers and the histological signs of aggressive tumor behavior are analyzed: multifocal, capsule invasion, extratireoidal invasion, lymph node damage.Results: In the analysis of data obtained with the use of standard histological techniques, it was found that the most aggressive variant was cylindrical cells PTC with a high incidence of extrathyroid invasion - 5.4 %, a capsule invasion -7.2 %, multifocal growth - 10.8 %, metastatic lymph nodes – 17.1 %. The high levels of TTF1 and Ki-67 expression, as well as the absence of NIS expression, were reliably associated with metastatic lymph node involvement (p <0.05). Reliable relationship with other histological signs of aggressive behavior of the tumor was not detected. No association was found between Gal3 and p53 expression levels and signs of aggressive tumor behavior. The data obtained in the study suggest that immunohistochemical markers reflect the processes characterizing the biological pathomorphism of the tumor and indicate a gradual loss of differentiation signs in more aggressive tumors.Conclusions: immunohistochemical markers changes reflect biological pathomorphism of the tumor, overexpression of ki67 and TTF1, as well as the loss of, При папиллярном раке щитовидной железы (ПРЩЗ) в последнее время определяют экспрессию иммуногистохимических маркеров. Ряд авторов считает перспективным их использование для прогнозирования риска рецидива ПРЩЗ и для дифференциальной диагностики между различными вариантами ПРЩЖ. Но данные, полученые во время различных исследований, имеют противоречивый характер, что обуславливает необходимость дальнейших исследований.Материалы и методы: стандартными методами исследовался патогистологический материал, полученный после оперативного лечения 273 больных с ПРЩЗ. Иммуногистохимическими методами - экспрессия иммуногистохимических маркеров: ТТF1 и Gal3 - у 48 пациентов, р53 - у 50 больных, Кi67 - у 53 больных, NIS - у 44 пациентов. Проанализирована связь гистологического типа опухоли, уровня экспрессии иммуногистохимических маркеров гистологических признаков агрессивного поведения опухоли: мультифокальность, инвазия в капсулу, экстратиреоидная инвазия, поражение лимфоузлов.Результаты: При анализе данных, которые были получены с использованием стандартных гистологических методов, выявлено, что наиболее агрессивным гистологическим вариантом оказался ПРЩЗ из цилиндрических клеток, который характеризовался высокой частотой экстратиреоидной инвазии - 5,4 %, инвазии в капсулу - 7,2 %, мультифокального роста - 10,8 %, наличием метастатического поражения лимфоузлов - 17,1 %. При анализе иммуногистохимических данных выявлено, что высокий уровень экспрессии TTF1 и Ki-67, а так же отсутствие экспрессии NIS были достоверно связаны с метастатическим поражением лимфоузлов (р<0.05). Достоверной связи с другими гистологическими признаками агрессивного поведения опухоли не обнаружено. Так же не выявлено связи между уровнем экспрессии Gal3 и р53 и признаками агрессивного поведения опухоли. Полученные в исследовании данные позволяют предположить, что иммуногистохимические маркеры отражают процессы, характеризующие биологический патоморфоз опухоли и свидетельствуют о постепенной утрате призна, При папілярному раку щитоподібної залози (ПРЩЗ) в останні роки визначають експресію імуногістохімічних маркерів. Ряд авторів вважає перспективним їх використання для прогнозування ризику рецидиву ПРЩЗ та для диференційної діагностики між різними варіантами ПРЩЗ. Але дані отримані під час різних досліджень мають суперечливий характер, що обумовлює необхідність подальших досліджень.Матеріали і методи: стандартними методами досліджувався патогістологічний матеріал отриманий після оперативного лікування 273 хворих з ПРЩЗ. Імуногістохімічними методами вивчалася експресія імуногістохімічних маркерів: ТТF1 та Gal3 – у 48 пацієнтів, р53 – у 50 хворих, Кi-67 – у 53 хворих, NIS - у 44 пацієнтів. Проаналізований зв'язок гістологічного типу пухлини, рівня експресії імуногістохімічних маркерів та гістологічних ознак агресивної поведінки пухлини: мультифокальність, інвазія в капсулу, екстратиреоїдна інвазія, ураження лімфовузлів.Результати: При аналізі даних, що отримані з застосуванням стандартних гістологічних методик виявлено, що найбільш агресивним виявився ПРЩЗ з циліндричних клітин, який характеризувався високою частотою екстратиреоїдної інвазії 5,4 %, інвазії в капсулу - 7,2 %, мультифокального росту - 10,8 %, наявністю метастатичного ураження лімфовузлів - 17,1 %. При аналізі іміногістохімічних даних виявлено, що високий рівень експресії TTF1 та Ki-67, а також відсутність експресії NIS були достовірно пов’язані з метастатичним ураженням лімфовузлів (р<0.05). Достовірного зв’язку з іншими гістологічними ознаками агресивної поведінки пухлини не виявлено. Також не виявлено зв’язку між рівнем експресії Gal3 і р53 та ознаками агресивної поведінки пухлини. Отримані в дослідженні дані дозволяють припустити, що імуногістохімічні маркери відображають процеси, що характеризують біологічний патоморфоз пухлини та свідчать про поступову втрату ознак диференціювання у більш агресивних пухлин.Висновки: Аналіз імуногістохімічних маркерів дозволяє оцінити біологічний патоморфоз пухлини

The bioclimatic analysis of the central area of the city of Nis conducted in this paper is based on the use of the bioclimatic index Humidex, which represents subjective outdoor temperature that one feels in warm and humid environment. The purpose of this research is to observe the index change on a daily basis during the hottest part of the year (June, July, and August) over the period from 1998 to 2017. For the purposes of this analysis, hourly (7:00, 14:00), maximum and mean daily values of meteorological parameters (air temperature and relative humidity) were used, for the period of 20 years (1998-2017), which were measured at Nis weather station (43 degrees 19'N, 21 degrees 53'E, at an altitude of 202 meters). The findings indicate a gradual change in the bioclimatic characteristics of this area during this period, especially over the last decade. After 2007 there has been a decrease in the total number of the days described as "comfortable". However, there has been an increase in the index values in all the other heat stress categories characterized by a higher or lower degree of thermal discomfort. The years 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2016, 2015, and 2017 stand out as adverse years.

The bioclimatic analysis of the central area of the city of Nis conducted in this paper is based on the use of the bioclimatic index Humidex, which represents subjective outdoor temperature that one feels in warm and humid environment. The purpose of this research is to observe the index change on a daily basis during the hottest part of the year (June, July, and August) over the period from 1998 to 2017. For the purposes of this analysis, hourly (7:00, 14:00), maximum and mean daily values of meteorological parameters (air temperature and relative humidity) were used, for the period of 20 years (1998-2017), which were measured at Nis weather station (43 degrees 19'N, 21 degrees 53'E, at an altitude of 202 meters). The findings indicate a gradual change in the bioclimatic characteristics of this area during this period, especially over the last decade. After 2007 there has been a decrease in the total number of the days described as "comfortable". However, there has been an increase in the index values in all the other heat stress categories characterized by a higher or lower degree of thermal discomfort. The years 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2016, 2015, and 2017 stand out as adverse years.

A relatively scarce number of morphological features available for delimiting closely related species and an increasingly worrisome scenario on Global Climate Change causing the rapid dispersion of invasive alien species can lead to the rapid spread of reports of a given species around the world. Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 is considered the most widespread freshwater jellyfish species and has been reported in numerous locations on all continents except Antarctica. Recently, a few medusae attributed to C. sowerbii were collected from a water reservoir (Bin El Ouidan) in Morocco, this being the first confirmed record of the species from North Africa. The morphology of these newly collected specimens agrees well with previous descriptions, but mitochondrial (Cox1 and 16S) and nuclear ITS (ITS1–5,8S–ITS2) molecular data lead to a discussion of a more complex general view concerning the number of species, synonyms and nomenclatural problems hidden behind the reports of Craspedacusta sowerbii.

A relatively scarce number of morphological features available for delimiting closely related species and an increasingly worrisome scenario on Global Climate Change causing the rapid dispersion of invasive alien species can lead to the rapid spread of reports of a given species around the world. Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 is considered the most widespread freshwater jellyfish species and has been reported in numerous locations on all continents except Antarctica. Recently, a few medusae attributed to C. sowerbii were collected from a water reservoir (Bin El Ouidan) in Morocco, this being the first confirmed record of the species from North Africa. The morphology of these newly collected specimens agrees well with previous descriptions, but mitochondrial (Cox1 and 16S) and nuclear ITS (ITS1–5,8S–ITS2) molecular data lead to a discussion of a more complex general view concerning the number of species, synonyms and nomenclatural problems hidden behind the reports of Craspedacusta sowerbii.

Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels open in response to changes in membrane potential to permit passage of K+ ions across the cell membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. Sodium-coupled solute transporters utilize the downhill sodium gradient to co-transport solutes, ranging from ions to sugars to neurotransmitters, into the cell. A variety of recent studies have uncovered cooperation between these two structurally and functionally unrelated classes of protein, revealing previously unnoticed functional crosstalk and in many cases physical interaction to form channel-transporter (chansporter) complexes. Adding to this field, Bartolomé-Martín and colleagues now report that the heteromeric KCNQ2/KCNQ3 (Kv7.2/7.3) potassium channel - the primary molecular correlate of the neuronal M-current - can physically interact with two sodium-coupled neurotransmitter transporters expressed in the brain, DAT and GLT1 (dopamine and glutamate transporters, respectively). The authors provide evidence that the interactions may enhance transporter activity while dampening the depolarizing effects of sodium influx. Cumulative evidence discussed here suggests that chansporter complexes represent a widespread form of cellular signaling hub, in the CNS and other tissues. This article is part of the issue entitled 'Special Issue on Neurotransmitter Transporters'.

Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels open in response to changes in membrane potential to permit passage of K+ ions across the cell membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. Sodium-coupled solute transporters utilize the downhill sodium gradient to co-transport solutes, ranging from ions to sugars to neurotransmitters, into the cell. A variety of recent studies have uncovered cooperation between these two structurally and functionally unrelated classes of protein, revealing previously unnoticed functional crosstalk and in many cases physical interaction to form channel-transporter (chansporter) complexes. Adding to this field, Bartolomé-Martín and colleagues now report that the heteromeric KCNQ2/KCNQ3 (Kv7.2/7.3) potassium channel - the primary molecular correlate of the neuronal M-current - can physically interact with two sodium-coupled neurotransmitter transporters expressed in the brain, DAT and GLT1 (dopamine and glutamate transporters, respectively). The authors provide evidence that the interactions may enhance transporter activity while dampening the depolarizing effects of sodium influx. Cumulative evidence discussed here suggests that chansporter complexes represent a widespread form of cellular signaling hub, in the CNS and other tissues. This article is part of the issue entitled Special Issue on Neurotransmitter Transporters.

A relatively scarce number of morphological features available for delimiting closely related species and an increasingly worrisome scenario on Global Climate Change causing the rapid dispersion of invasive alien species can lead to the rapid spread of reports of a given species around the world. Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 is considered the most widespread freshwater jellyfish species and has been reported in numerous locations on all continents except Antarctica. Recently, a few medusae attributed to C. sowerbii were collected from a water reservoir (Bin El Ouidan) in Morocco, this being the first confirmed record of the species from North Africa. The morphology of these newly collected specimens agrees well with previous descriptions, but mitochondrial (Cox1 and 16S) and nuclear ITS (ITS1–5,8S–ITS2) molecular data lead to a discussion of a more complex general view concerning the number of species, synonyms and nomenclatural problems hidden behind the reports of Craspedacusta sowerbii.

A relatively scarce number of morphological features available for delimiting closely related species and an increasingly worrisome scenario on Global Climate Change causing the rapid dispersion of invasive alien species can lead to the rapid spread of reports of a given species around the world. Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 is considered the most widespread freshwater jellyfish species and has been reported in numerous locations on all continents except Antarctica. Recently, a few medusae attributed to C. sowerbii were collected from a water reservoir (Bin El Ouidan) in Morocco, this being the first confirmed record of the species from North Africa. The morphology of these newly collected specimens agrees well with previous descriptions, but mitochondrial (Cox1 and 16S) and nuclear ITS (ITS1–5,8S–ITS2) molecular data lead to a discussion of a more complex general view concerning the number of species, synonyms and nomenclatural problems hidden behind the reports of Craspedacusta sowerbii.

A relatively scarce number of morphological features available for delimiting closely related species and an increasingly worrisome scenario on Global Climate Change causing the rapid dispersion of invasive alien species can lead to the rapid spread of reports of a given species around the world. Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 is considered the most widespread freshwater jellyfish species and has been reported in numerous locations on all continents except Antarctica. Recently, a few medusae attributed to C. sowerbii were collected from a water reservoir (Bin El Ouidan) in Morocco, this being the first confirmed record of the species from North Africa. The morphology of these newly collected specimens agrees well with previous descriptions, but mitochondrial (Cox1 and 16S) and nuclear ITS (ITS1–5,8S–ITS2) molecular data lead to a discussion of a more complex general view concerning the number of species, synonyms and nomenclatural problems hidden behind the reports of Craspedacusta sowerbii.

The bioclimatic analysis of the central area of the city of Nis conducted in this paper is based on the use of the bioclimatic index Humidex, which represents subjective outdoor temperature that one feels in warm and humid environment. The purpose of this research is to observe the index change on a daily basis during the hottest part of the year (June, July, and August) over the period from 1998 to 2017. For the purposes of this analysis, hourly (7:00, 14:00), maximum and mean daily values of meteorological parameters (air temperature and relative humidity) were used, for the period of 20 years (1998-2017), which were measured at Nis weather station (43 degrees 19'N, 21 degrees 53'E, at an altitude of 202 meters). The findings indicate a gradual change in the bioclimatic characteristics of this area during this period, especially over the last decade. After 2007 there has been a decrease in the total number of the days described as "comfortable". However, there has been an increase in the index values in all the other heat stress categories characterized by a higher or lower degree of thermal discomfort. The years 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2016, 2015, and 2017 stand out as adverse years.

The bioclimatic analysis of the central area of the city of Nis conducted in this paper is based on the use of the bioclimatic index Humidex, which represents subjective outdoor temperature that one feels in warm and humid environment. The purpose of this research is to observe the index change on a daily basis during the hottest part of the year (June, July, and August) over the period from 1998 to 2017. For the purposes of this analysis, hourly (7:00, 14:00), maximum and mean daily values of meteorological parameters (air temperature and relative humidity) were used, for the period of 20 years (1998-2017), which were measured at Nis weather station (43 degrees 19'N, 21 degrees 53'E, at an altitude of 202 meters). The findings indicate a gradual change in the bioclimatic characteristics of this area during this period, especially over the last decade. After 2007 there has been a decrease in the total number of the days described as "comfortable". However, there has been an increase in the index values in all the other heat stress categories characterized by a higher or lower degree of thermal discomfort. The years 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2016, 2015, and 2017 stand out as adverse years.

The use of innovative digital technologies in the presentation and promotion of cultural heritage has become an imperative for the arising destinations of cultural tourism. This is especially related to the cases where this heritage has some spatial and historic limitations to be consumed by prospective tourists. However, the use of digital technologies requires a lot of financial, organisational, and professional resources – a challenge for new destinations. Accordingly, the rare examples how to overcome this challenge should be presented as role-models. This paper exemplifies a Digital mini-museum in Niš, a city in Southern Serbia with rich history and tradition. The Museum has been developed by a staff and students from the local electronic faculty, aiming to show the affordable ways to promote local urban cultural heritage in limited conditions. Final conclusions target to underline the possibilities to merge the potentials of digitised cultural heritage and their affordability.

I detta arbetet har det genomförts två undersökningar. Den ena undersökningen handlar om GDPR och den andra om NIS. Dessa två regelverk är skapade av EU för att säkra upp när det gäller cyberattacker och att styrka individers möjlighet att hantera sina personuppgifter. Det har även skapats en enkel hemsida i arbetet. Denna hemsidan är ett experiment för att ta reda på vad någon som äger eller tillhandahåller en enkel hemsida bör tänka på när det kommer till GDPR och NIS. Hemsidan i sig är tänkt att ge möjlighet för människor att träffa andra med samma intresse eller träffa de som befinner sig i liknande livssituationer. GDPR är en förnyelse av Sveriges tidigare lag PUL. GDPR är en förordning från EU vilket innebär att den måste följas mer noggrant än PUL. PUL var ett direktiv från EU. Ett direktiv väger inte lika tungt som en förordning. GDPR ger EU:s medlemsländers medborgare starkare rättigheter till deras personuppgifter. Det innebär att de har rätt att veta vad och varför personuppgifter hanteras. De har även rätt till radering vilket innebär att en organisation måste radera personuppgifter om de inte längre har någon anledning att fortsätta behandla dem. Det kan handla om rättslig påverkan eller en intresseavvägning om en personuppgift får behandlas vidare eller inte. NIS är som sagt skapat av EU, detta är ett direktiv som beskrivit lite tidigare i detta stycke vad det innebär. Här har EU:S medlemsländer lite friare händer. Det finns mål som skall uppfyllas men medlemsländerna får själva bestämma hur målen skall uppnås. NIS handlar om cybersäkerheten inom EU. Det gäller att stärka den lägstanivå som finns. Jobba med att vara bättre förberedd om en incident skulle inträffa och på så sätt ge ett bättre grundskydd mot cyberattacker. Vad gäller en enkel hemsida så har GDPR en del att säga till om. Om man sparar data i en databas så skall de som personuppgifterna tillhör veta om det och samtycka till det. Det skall även kunna gå att få fram informationen som är spar

Кадијски суд у Нишу издао је 1770. године два документа у којима је приказана расподела оставштине преминулог становника Ниша Стојана, између његове супруге Неде и њихове деце. Кућу коју је купила од деце, Неда је неколико месеци касније продала монасима манастира Хиландара, који су тиме основали метох у граду. Анализом докумената добијене су важне информације о друштвено-економском и верском животу православних становника Ниша., The Kadi court was the central legal-administrative institution of every important Ottoman settlement. As part of the judicial procedure, descriptions of the solved cases were recorded as an excerpt in a kind of judiciary-notary register named sicil, while interested parties received huccets, that is, the certified court verdicts or detailed reports on concluded contracts. Two huccets from 1770 issued by the Kadi court in Niš were found among the Ottoman documents preserved in the archives of Hilandar monastery. By analyzing these documents, one can make a reconstruction of the way in which one house in Niš became a monastic property. The first document was drafted in March 1770. The text describes the allocation of property of a deceased inhabitant of Niš named Stojan, and, in particular, the act of purchase by which his wife Neda came into possession of a house with a yard. The second huccet, compiled half a year later, provides information about how Stojan's wife sold the house to the monks of Hilandar monastery. Due to the scarceness of the available Ottoman sources on everyday life in the 18 th century, the analyzed documents provide valuable data on the economic, social and religious activities of the inhabitants of Niš.

Iodine is an essential element required for diverse physiological functions, including thyroid hormone production. Beside thyroid, other organs take up iodide via the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), such as stomach and salivary and mammary glands. In addition to its secretion into milk, iodide has been suggested to offer an antioxidant protection in the three mentioned tissues, along with a recycling role via salivary glands and stomach secretion of iodide into their respective fluids to avoid kidney clearance. Several studies have linked iodine deficiency (ID), which is still a global problem, to functional alterations and pathologies of those organs. In thyroid, ID is known to activate a TSH-independent microvascular response. We have thus hypothesized that those organs could also activate a vascular response when facing ID. In this work, we show that acute ID increases vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) expression in salivary glands, stomach, and lactating and virgin mammary glands, transiently leading to increased blood perfusion in salivary and mammary glands. This VEGF up-regulation was shown to depend on non-mitochondrial ROS and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in two breast cell lines: MCF7 and MCF12A. Because X-rays are able to activate angiogenic processes, we hypothesized that they could further increase ID-induced response. The combined exposure to ID and to 3 Gy of X-rays indeed led to additive effects on ROS production and VEGF mRNA expression, but in MCF12A cells only. Our results suggest that ROS induced by radiations with or without iodide come at least partly from mitochondria in this cell line. In conclusion, ID induces a transient microvascular response in all three organs studied as it does in thyroid. This microvascular response might be a common reaction of NIS-expressing organs to try to improve iodide supply, but, in the case of stomach and salivary glands, might also be a mechanism to increase iodide recycling and spare it for the, (BIFA - Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques) -- UCL, 2018

Rad se bavi promenama granica Niške eparhije od 16. veka do 1834. godine. U centar pažnje je stavljen uticaj političkih prilika na eparhijsko prostiranje mitropolije sa sedištem u Nišu. Rad je napisan na osnovu literature i arhivskegrađe srpskog porekla., During the Ottoman rule Eparchy of Niš repeatedly changed their borders. Until the first half of the 16th century spread to surrounding of Leskovac, at the end of the century in its composition is first temporarily and then eventually included the Eparchy of Bela Crkva (Toplica).Until the beginning of 18th century borders of Eparchy of Niš coincided with the Ottoman administrative units Saniak of Kruševac (Sanjak of Alaca Hisar), and Kadiluk of Niš. After Treaty of Passarowitz 1718. Eparchy has lost a Paraćinparish in the north, in favor of Habzbugs Kingdom of Serbia, but it has regained after Treaty of Belgrade 1739. Because of anarchy in the Ottoman Empire, during the first three decades of the 19th century Eparchy temporarily lost parish of Izmornik in be hoof of Eparchy of Raška and Prizren. The boundaries of Eparchy of Niš were temporarily extended to the southeast between 1815 and 1821 beaocouse of abolition of Nisevacka metropolitante. During the First Serbian Uprising 1806-1813. Eparchy of Niš lost areas that were under the control of Serbs (Kruševac, Koznik, Paraćin, Aleksinac and Ražanj), but they recovered after the collapse of the First Serbian Uprising. Once you have these areas from 1833 to 1834. annexed to the Principality of Serbia, after the agreement of the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Metropolitanate of Belgrade,all the parishes that have been under Serbian rule were excluded from under the Metropolitan in Niš.

Geographic Information Systems and Network Information Systems are important tools for our society, used for handling geographic spatial data and large information networks. It is therefore important to make sure such tools are of high quality. GIS/NIS applications typically deal with a lot of data, possibly resulting in heavy loads of network traffic. This work aims to evaluate two different communications protocols and serialization formats for client-server communications efficiency in GIS/NIS applications. Specifically, these are HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, Java Object Serialization and Google's Protocol Buffers. They were each implemented directly into a commercial GIS/NIS environment and evaluated by measuring two signature server calls in the system. Metrics that were examined are call duration, HTTP overhead size and HTTP payload size. The results suggest that HTTP/2 and Google's Protocol Buffers outperform HTTP/1.1 and Java Object Serialization respectively. An 87% decrease in HTTP overhead size was achieved when switching from HTTP/1.1 to HTTP/2. The HTTP payload size is also shown to decrease with the use of Protocol Buffers rather than Java Object Serialization, especially for communications where data consist of many different object types. Concerning call duration, the results suggest that the choice of communications protocol is more significant than the choice of serialization format for communications containing little data, while the opposite is true for communications containing much data., Geografiska informationssystem och nätverksinformationssystem är viktiga redskap för vårt samhälle, vilka används för hantering av geografisk data och stora informationsnätverk. Det är därför viktigt att se till att sådana system är av hög kvalitet. GIS/NIS-applikationer behandlar vanligtvis stora mängder data, vilket kan resultera i mycket nätverkstrafik. I det här arbetet utvärderas två olika kommunikationsprotokoll och serialiseringsformat för kommunikationseffektivitet mellan klient och server i GIS/NIS-applikationer. Specifikt är dessa HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, Java Objektserialisering och Googles Protocol Buffers. De implementerades var och en i en kommersiell GIS/NIS-miljö och utvärderades genom mätningar av två signaturanrop i systemet. De aspekter som observerades är kommunikationstiden, mängden HTTP-overhead och mängden HTTP-payload. Resultaten tyder på att HTTP/2 och Googles Protocol Buffers presterar bättre än HTTP/1.1 respektive Java Objektserialisering. En 87% minskning av mängden HTTP overhead uppnåddes då HTTP/1.1 ersattes med HTTP/2. En minskning av mängden HTTP payload observeras också med användning av Protocol Buffers snarare än Java Objektserialisering, särskilt för kommunikationer där data innehåller många olika objekttyper. Gällande kommunikationstiden tyder resultaten på att valet av kommunikationsprotokoll påverkar mer än valet av serialiseringsformat för kommunikationer med små mängder data, medan motsatsen gäller för kommunikationer med mycket data.

I detta arbetet har det genomförts två undersökningar. Den ena undersökningen handlar om GDPR och den andra om NIS. Dessa två regelverk är skapade av EU för att säkra upp när det gäller cyberattacker och att styrka individers möjlighet att hantera sina personuppgifter. Det har även skapats en enkel hemsida i arbetet. Denna hemsidan är ett experiment för att ta reda på vad någon som äger eller tillhandahåller en enkel hemsida bör tänka på när det kommer till GDPR och NIS. Hemsidan i sig är tänkt att ge möjlighet för människor att träffa andra med samma intresse eller träffa de som befinner sig i liknande livssituationer. GDPR är en förnyelse av Sveriges tidigare lag PUL. GDPR är en förordning från EU vilket innebär att den måste följas mer noggrant än PUL. PUL var ett direktiv från EU. Ett direktiv väger inte lika tungt som en förordning. GDPR ger EU:s medlemsländers medborgare starkare rättigheter till deras personuppgifter. Det innebär att de har rätt att veta vad och varför personuppgifter hanteras. De har även rätt till radering vilket innebär att en organisation måste radera personuppgifter om de inte längre har någon anledning att fortsätta behandla dem. Det kan handla om rättslig påverkan eller en intresseavvägning om en personuppgift får behandlas vidare eller inte. NIS är som sagt skapat av EU, detta är ett direktiv som beskrivit lite tidigare i detta stycke vad det innebär. Här har EU:S medlemsländer lite friare händer. Det finns mål som skall uppfyllas men medlemsländerna får själva bestämma hur målen skall uppnås. NIS handlar om cybersäkerheten inom EU. Det gäller att stärka den lägstanivå som finns. Jobba med att vara bättre förberedd om en incident skulle inträffa och på så sätt ge ett bättre grundskydd mot cyberattacker. Vad gäller en enkel hemsida så har GDPR en del att säga till om. Om man sparar data i en databas så skall de som personuppgifterna tillhör veta om det och samtycka till det. Det skall även kunna gå att få fram informationen som är spar

Albania is an eastern European and post-socialist country which has shown interesting patterns in terms of economic growth and innovative activity. At the beginning of the 90s, the country shifted from a centrally controlled and isolated economy to an open market economy. The GDP growth in Albania, prior to the 2008 financial crisis was one of the highest in Europe at 6 percent and during the past decade, the country has reached to maintain economic stability despite the global crisis. However, Albania has shown very little progress in science, research and innovative activity during the past 2 decades of capitalism. Thus, this study seeks to discover what constrains the development of the Albanian national innovation system (NIS) by analyzing system failures in the country. Although the socialist governance in Albania was based upon the Soviet-type socialism, the country was characterized by extreme isolation and a harsher communism. Our main findings on the systemic failures of the Albanian NIS include the lack of national and international linkages, low engagement of the private sector in R&D and an undeveloped ICT infrastructure.