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This work includes a critical analysis of Huntington's views of man and society, especially those in which he talks about establishing a new world order confined by the new cultural borders - to which contributes the reviving of religion. This, as well as some of his other paradigms (like the one about seven or eight civilizations) aren’t sustainable in theory since in African, Islamic, Latin American and Orthodox civilizations there isn't a most important country who is the bearer of identity of the said civilization. If culture follows power, like he believed, then the clash of civilizations is inevitable due to the shifting of power from West to East and reverse. Huntington’s research, however, is more in favor of validity of the other paradigm (Us and Them), than the very paradigm of the clash of civilizations. In Huntington's understanding of men and society the feeling of superiority and the need for an enemy motivates the behavior of an individual and a group, which not only suffer from anthropological pessimism, but also from social Darwinism. The responsibility for the collapse of the system of liberal values in the United States Huntington attributed to American transnational elite and the second wave of immigration in America. In the newly created democratic regimes of non-Western countries Western values cannot be fully accepted due to the process of indigenization which is ran by the second generation of the elite educated in their home countries. His thesis of the clash of civilizations as a "tribal conflict of global proportions" leads him to accept "the three faces of America" (America stays America) in constellation of seven or eight civilizations, with which he attempted to "relocate" the place of conflict from the territory of Western to the territory of non-Western countries in order to preserve the national spirit of the Western civilization from the modern nomads. Huntington’s view of multiculturalism is ambivalent, since it can cause the teari

There are many users of spatial information, and quite large interest about the nature and genesis of such information. Different users found spatial information in the form of maps, plans or alphanumerical tables. Recently, there are more often in the form of spatial databases, and in the form of geographic information systems. What is behind these spatial data? On what foundation are they designed? In this article we look at the basic aspects of space, dimensionality and global coordinate systems in applications of global geospatial research. Here is explained the definition of the coordinate system as an abstract entity and, consequently, its implementation or establishment in the form of a geodetic reference frame, as real geodetic reference network. The applicative aspect of coordinate systems in this article is emphasized through recommendations and considerations during usage of their different implementations. ., Brojni su korisnici informacija o prostoru, čije je interesovanje o samoj njihovoj prirodi i nastanku, prilično veliko. Same prostorne informacije različiti korisnici pronalaze u vidu karata, planova ili alfanumeričkih tabela. U novije vreme, sve češće u vidu prostornih baza podataka, u obliku geografskih informacionih sistema. Šta stoji u osnovi ovakvih prostornih podloga? Na kakvim temeljima su one zasnovane? U ovom članku se posmatraju osnovni aspekti prostora, dimenzionalnost i globalni koordinatni sistemi u primenama kod globanih geoprostornih istraživanja. Objašnjava se definisanje koordinatnog sistema kao apstraktnog entiteta i posledično, njihova realizacija ili uspostavljanje u vidu geodetskog referentnog okvira, kao realne referentne geodetske mreže. Aplikativni aspekt koordinatnih sistema se u članku apostrofira kroz preporuke i obazrivost u postupku korišćenja njihovih različitih realizacija. .

There are many users of spatial information, and quite large interest about the nature and genesis of such information. Different users found spatial information in the form of maps, plans or alphanumerical tables. Recently, there are more often in the form of spatial databases, and in the form of geographic information systems. What is behind these spatial data? On what foundation are they designed? In this article we look at the basic aspects of space, dimensionality and global coordinate systems in applications of global geospatial research. Here is explained the definition of the coordinate system as an abstract entity and, consequently, its implementation or establishment in the form of a geodetic reference frame, as real geodetic reference network. The applicative aspect of coordinate systems in this article is emphasized through recommendations and considerations during usage of their different implementations. ., Brojni su korisnici informacija o prostoru, čije je interesovanje o samoj njihovoj prirodi i nastanku, prilično veliko. Same prostorne informacije različiti korisnici pronalaze u vidu karata, planova ili alfanumeričkih tabela. U novije vreme, sve češće u vidu prostornih baza podataka, u obliku geografskih informacionih sistema. Šta stoji u osnovi ovakvih prostornih podloga? Na kakvim temeljima su one zasnovane? U ovom članku se posmatraju osnovni aspekti prostora, dimenzionalnost i globalni koordinatni sistemi u primenama kod globanih geoprostornih istraživanja. Objašnjava se definisanje koordinatnog sistema kao apstraktnog entiteta i posledično, njihova realizacija ili uspostavljanje u vidu geodetskog referentnog okvira, kao realne referentne geodetske mreže. Aplikativni aspekt koordinatnih sistema se u članku apostrofira kroz preporuke i obazrivost u postupku korišćenja njihovih različitih realizacija. .

A period of fifty years has been reached since the introduction of the first applications based upon geographical information systems (GIS). GIS has not only influenced the development of methods, collection techniques, processing, manipulation and visualization of spatial data. It influenced also the expansion of scientific research in geosciences, as well as the technical disciplines that are engaged in spatial analysis. Nowadays, GIS is becoming the tool for verification and practical implementation of models and algorithms that have been developed within the frame of basic scientific disciplines. The meaning of the GIS acronym is becoming more and more related to term of Geographical or Geo Information Sciences. Scientific concepts that are increasingly applied in GIS are more emphasized in that way. GIS computational techniques, required also the development of geographical data models that should effectively support GIS operations. These models represent formal equivalents of conceptual models used by people in observing geographic phenomena. Spatial phenomena used to be mapped as clearly defined points with known coordinates, or as lines which connect the very same points, or as polygons with exactly defined borders. They were mapped previously in analog form and nowadays in digital format. This approach of perceiving a space, data analyses and visualization of spatial quires is limited on the application of basic rules of Boolean algebra and binary logic, with final results presented as classical thematic maps. The need for a mathematical model that would describe uncertainty of spatial data, resulted in the introduction of the theory of fuzzy sets in spatial analysis. Moreover, this model will provide a solution for visualization and grouping up of spatial phenomena in classes which do not have clearly defined borders., Primena tehnologija Geografskih Informacionih Sistema (GIS) otvorila nove pristupe i metodologije u analizama prostornih podataka. Narastajuće potrebe za prostornim podacima i efikasnijim sredstvima za njihovu analizu mogu se zadovoljiti primenom geoinformatičkih tehnologija. Uporedo sa razvojem GIS-a, posebno u zadnjoj deceniji dvadesetog veka i početkom novog milenijuma, svedoci smo i ekspanzije tehnologija koje se bave prikupljanjem i transferom prostornih podatka. To je rezultovalo povećanjem obima dostupnih podataka ali i svesti o potrebi za kritičkim sagledavanjem kvaliteta podataka, pouzdanosti i ocene pogodnosti za upotrebu u specifičnim aplikacijama. To je dovelo i do promenama u konceptu sagledavanja i apstrakcije prostora, a s time i novim pristupima u geoprocesiranju prostornih podataka, vizuelizaciji rezultata prostornih analiza.

A period of fifty years has been reached since the introduction of the first applications based upon geographical information systems (GIS). GIS has not only influenced the development of methods, collection techniques, processing, manipulation and visualization of spatial data. It influenced also the expansion of scientific research in geosciences, as well as the technical disciplines that are engaged in spatial analysis. Nowadays, GIS is becoming the tool for verification and practical implementation of models and algorithms that have been developed within the frame of basic scientific disciplines. The meaning of the GIS acronym is becoming more and more related to term of Geographical or Geo Information Sciences. Scientific concepts that are increasingly applied in GIS are more emphasized in that way. GIS computational techniques, required also the development of geographical data models that should effectively support GIS operations. These models represent formal equivalents of conceptual models used by people in observing geographic phenomena. Spatial phenomena used to be mapped as clearly defined points with known coordinates, or as lines which connect the very same points, or as polygons with exactly defined borders. They were mapped previously in analog form and nowadays in digital format. This approach of perceiving a space, data analyses and visualization of spatial quires is limited on the application of basic rules of Boolean algebra and binary logic, with final results presented as classical thematic maps. The need for a mathematical model that would describe uncertainty of spatial data, resulted in the introduction of the theory of fuzzy sets in spatial analysis. Moreover, this model will provide a solution for visualization and grouping up of spatial phenomena in classes which do not have clearly defined borders., Primena tehnologija Geografskih Informacionih Sistema (GIS) otvorila nove pristupe i metodologije u analizama prostornih podataka. Narastajuće potrebe za prostornim podacima i efikasnijim sredstvima za njihovu analizu mogu se zadovoljiti primenom geoinformatičkih tehnologija. Uporedo sa razvojem GIS-a, posebno u zadnjoj deceniji dvadesetog veka i početkom novog milenijuma, svedoci smo i ekspanzije tehnologija koje se bave prikupljanjem i transferom prostornih podatka. To je rezultovalo povećanjem obima dostupnih podataka ali i svesti o potrebi za kritičkim sagledavanjem kvaliteta podataka, pouzdanosti i ocene pogodnosti za upotrebu u specifičnim aplikacijama. To je dovelo i do promenama u konceptu sagledavanja i apstrakcije prostora, a s time i novim pristupima u geoprocesiranju prostornih podataka, vizuelizaciji rezultata prostornih analiza.