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Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the green economy with economic growth and per capita income in Vietnam, to analyze the quantitative relationship among those factors, and to improve long-term green economic development in Vietnam towards sustainable national economic growth. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. The inverted U-shaped model of Kuznets; Green economy concept and regression model stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises desk research methods to clarify the theoretical basis of green economy, economic growth, and per capita income; qualitative research methods; and quantitative research methods. Data collection was carried out through the collection of time-series data: Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPP), and CO2 emissions from 1995 to 2022 from the World Bank website. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed the positive relationship between economic growth, CO2 emissions, and per capita income in the short term; however, in the long term, when GDP as well as per capita income reach a certain threshold. The level of waste gradually decreases and environmental quality improves. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and relationships identified. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of development economics. These implications could encompass many sectors, especially the processing industry. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by Simon Kuznets

The study was conducted to evaluate students’ satisfaction with the current digital library services offered by economics universities in Hanoi. Based on the findings, the study proposed recommendations to improve the falling points in the digital library services of economics universities. This study applies the SERVQUAL model to identify the relationship between SERVQUAL dimensions and library users’ satisfaction, and each dimension has a different effect on satisfaction level. The SERVQUAL scale was edited, and the research model progressed on six factors: Tangibles, Assurance, Empathy, Responsiveness, Reliability, and Perceived Ease of Use. According to the survey results, the research received 462 valid responses from economics university students in Hanoi, which are appropriate for analyzing data. It was concluded that most of the students are fairly satisfied with the digital library services, which can be seen clearly through the six dimensions above. Specifically, Reliability had the highest impact on satisfaction (22.03%), followed by Assurance (18.99%), Empathy (17.22%), Perceived Ease of Use (16.71%), Responsiveness (13.42%), and Tangibles (11.65%). The research model and study might be useful and provide insights and recommendations for other research on digital libraries or other services. Keywords: digital library services, economics universities, student satisfaction DOI: 10.7176/JEP/15-4-03 Publication date:March 31st 2024

This paper describes our systems for the sub-task I in the Software Mention Detection in Scholarly Publications shared-task. We propose three approaches leveraging different pre-trained language models (BERT, SciBERT, and XLM-R) to tackle this challenge. Our bestperforming system addresses the named entity recognition (NER) problem through a three-stage framework. (1) Entity Sentence Classification - classifies sentences containing potential software mentions; (2) Entity Extraction - detects mentions within classified sentences; (3) Entity Type Classification - categorizes detected mentions into specific software types. Experiments on the official dataset demonstrate that our three-stage framework achieves competitive performance, surpassing both other participating teams and our alternative approaches. As a result, our framework based on the XLM-R-based model achieves a weighted F1-score of 67.80%, delivering our team the 3rd rank in Sub-task I for the Software Mention Recognition task., Comment: Software mention recognition, Named entity recognition, Transformer, Three-stage framework

Dengue encephalitis is considered as a severe but unusual clinical presentation of dengue infection. Limited molecular information is available on the neurotropism of dengue virus (DENV), highlighting the need for further research. During a dengue outbreak in Vietnam in 2013, two DENV-3 strains were isolated, in which one was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a dengue encephalitis patient and another strain was isolated from a patient with classical dengue fever in Hai Phong, Vietnam. DENV serotype-3 (DENV-3) isolated from these samples belonged to genotype III, marking the first report of this genotype in the country at that time. Genetic variation between both strains was elucidated by using a full genome sequencing by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The infectivity of the isolated DENV-3 strains was further characterized using human and mouse neuronal cell lines. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates demonstrated high homogeneity between the CSF-derived and serum-derived DENV-3, in which the full genome sequences of the CSF-derived DENV-3 presented a Thr-1339-Ile mutation in the nonstructural 2A (NS2A) protein. The CSF-derived DENV-3 isolate grew preferentially in human neuronal cells, with a significant proportion of cells that were positive for nonstructural 1 (NS1), nonstructural 4B (NS4B), and nonstructural 5 (NS5) antigens. These results suggest that NS2A may be a crucial region in the neuropathogenesis of DENV-3 and its growth in human neuronal cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that a CSF-derived DENV-3 has unique infectivity characteristics for human neuronal cells, which might play a crucial role in the neuropathogenesis of DENV infection., Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2023, art. no. 2635383; 2023

Dengue encephalitis is considered as a severe but unusual clinical presentation of dengue infection. Limited molecular information is available on the neurotropism of dengue virus (DENV), highlighting the need for further research. During a dengue outbreak in Vietnam in 2013, two DENV-3 strains were isolated, in which one was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a dengue encephalitis patient and another strain was isolated from a patient with classical dengue fever in Hai Phong, Vietnam. DENV serotype-3 (DENV-3) isolated from these samples belonged to genotype III, marking the first report of this genotype in the country at that time. Genetic variation between both strains was elucidated by using a full genome sequencing by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The infectivity of the isolated DENV-3 strains was further characterized using human and mouse neuronal cell lines. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates demonstrated high homogeneity between the CSF-derived and serum-derived DENV-3, in which the full genome sequences of the CSF-derived DENV-3 presented a Thr-1339-Ile mutation in the nonstructural 2A (NS2A) protein. The CSF-derived DENV-3 isolate grew preferentially in human neuronal cells, with a significant proportion of cells that were positive for nonstructural 1 (NS1), nonstructural 4B (NS4B), and nonstructural 5 (NS5) antigens. These results suggest that NS2A may be a crucial region in the neuropathogenesis of DENV-3 and its growth in human neuronal cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that a CSF-derived DENV-3 has unique infectivity characteristics for human neuronal cells, which might play a crucial role in the neuropathogenesis of DENV infection., Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2023, art. no. 2635383; 2023

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, PaLM, and LLaMa, have been shown to achieve remarkable performance across a variety of natural language tasks. Recent advancements in instruction tuning bring LLMs with ability in following user's instructions and producing human-like responses. However, the high costs associated with training and implementing LLMs pose challenges to academic research. Furthermore, the availability of pretrained LLMs and instruction-tune datasets for Vietnamese language is limited. To tackle these concerns, we leverage large-scale instruction-following datasets from open-source projects, namely Alpaca, GPT4All, and Chat-Doctor, which cover general domain and specific medical domain. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first instructional dataset for Vietnamese. Subsequently, we utilize parameter-efficient tuning through Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) on two open LLMs: Bloomz (Multilingual) and GPTJ-6B (Vietnamese), resulting four models: Bloomz-Chat, Bloomz-Doctor, GPTJ-Chat, GPTJ-Doctor.Finally, we assess the effectiveness of our methodology on a per-sample basis, taking into consideration the helpfulness, relevance, accuracy, level of detail in their responses. This evaluation process entails the utilization of GPT-4 as an automated scoring mechanism. Despite utilizing a low-cost setup, our method demonstrates about 20-30\% improvement over the original models in our evaluation tasks., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2304.08177, arXiv:2303.16199 by other authors

Truyền kỳ, which is a genre of fantasy short stories, was formed and developed in the historic period of medieval literature of Vietnam in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Despite being derived from a similar Chinese genre, the truyền kỳ of Vietnam was the work of the endogenous development of the national fantasy short story, which was closely associated with folk literature and historical prose. However, at the time of its inception, as well as at the glorious top of this genre, truyền kỳ had never been accepted as an official genre. It was rather a metaphor for unorthodox discourse in formal Confucian society. The reason is that truyền kỳ founded the first elements of folk narrative genres that were considered inferior and which Confucius advised Confucians to reject. Therefore, truyền kỳ deeply influenced Confucian doctrines, yet in this genre by itself, the deficiencies of Confucian philosophy related to the metaphysical world were exposed in competition with other non Confucian religions that had emerged, such as Buddhism, Taoism, and especially folklore. By analyzing ghost stories that represent the most typical case or expression of the complex relationship between Confucianism and folklore in the Vietnamese truyền kỳ genre, this article concludes that all the ontological crises of Confucianists that manifested in truyền kỳ derived from this tradition of folklore which created a minor discourse of a Confucian literatus who wrote on the periphery of official Confucianism.

Truyền kỳ, which is a genre of fantasy short stories, was formed and developed in the historic period of medieval literature of Vietnam in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Despite being derived from a similar Chinese genre, the truyền kỳ of Vietnam was the work of the endogenous development of the national fantasy short story, which was closely associated with folk literature and historical prose. However, at the time of its inception, as well as at the glorious top of this genre, truyền kỳ had never been accepted as an official genre. It was rather a metaphor for unorthodox discourse in formal Confucian society. The reason is that truyền kỳ founded the first elements of folk narrative genres that were considered inferior and which Confucius advised Confucians to reject. Therefore, truyền kỳ deeply influenced Confucian doctrines, yet in this genre by itself, the deficiencies of Confucian philosophy related to the metaphysical world were exposed in competition with other non Confucian religions that had emerged, such as Buddhism, Taoism, and especially folklore. By analyzing ghost stories that represent the most typical case or expression of the complex relationship between Confucianism and folklore in the Vietnamese truyền kỳ genre, this article concludes that all the ontological crises of Confucianists that manifested in truyền kỳ derived from this tradition of folklore which created a minor discourse of a Confucian literatus who wrote on the periphery of official Confucianism.

Truyền kỳ, which is a genre of fantasy short stories, was formed and developed in the historic period of medieval literature of Vietnam in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Despite being derived from a similar Chinese genre, the truyền kỳ of Vietnam was the work of the endogenous development of the national fantasy short story, which was closely associated with folk literature and historical prose. However, at the time of its inception, as well as at the glorious top of this genre, truyền kỳ had never been accepted as an official genre. It was rather a metaphor for unorthodox discourse in formal Confucian society. The reason is that truyền kỳ founded the first elements of folk narrative genres that were considered inferior and which Confucius advised Confucians to reject. Therefore, truyền kỳ deeply influenced Confucian doctrines, yet in this genre by itself, the deficiencies of Confucian philosophy related to the metaphysical world were exposed in competition with other non Confucian religions that had emerged, such as Buddhism, Taoism, and especially folklore. By analyzing ghost stories that represent the most typical case or expression of the complex relationship between Confucianism and folklore in the Vietnamese truyền kỳ genre, this article concludes that all the ontological crises of Confucianists that manifested in truyền kỳ derived from this tradition of folklore which created a minor discourse of a Confucian literatus who wrote on the periphery of official Confucianism.

Background The severity of dengue infection has been reportedly associated with patients’ allergic reactions. To further elucidate the role of allergy in dengue severity, we conducted a matched case-control study to assess the association between allergic background and dengue shock syndrome. Methods This is a matched case-control study that was carried out in the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from January to December 2017. Dengue infection was determined by non-structure protein 1 (NS1) diagnostic quick test or anti-dengue antibodies (IgM). The total and dengue-specific IgE levels were measured using ELISA. Patients’ demographics, clinical, and allergic profiles were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results A total of 572 dengue patients with positive NS1 (92.7%) or IgM antibodies (7.3%) results were included in this study. Of these patients, 143 patients developed dengue shock syndrome (case group) while the other 429 patients did not (control group). None of the baseline characteristics including age, sex, or being overweight was significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). In multivariable analysis, having a history of dengue infection (OR=3.35, 95% CI: 1.8–6.17, p<0.001) and allergic rhinitis (OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.11–3.4, p = 0.019) were found to be associated with dengue shock syndrome. Higher levels of dengue-specific IgE were not associated with worse outcomes in patients with allergies (p = 0.204) or allergic rhinitis (p = 0.284). Conclusion Dengue patients presenting with a history of a previous dengue infection or allergic rhinitis should be considered high-risk patients for the development of dengue shock syndrome., Acta Tropica, 236, art. no. 106678; 2022

Background The severity of dengue infection has been reportedly associated with patients’ allergic reactions. To further elucidate the role of allergy in dengue severity, we conducted a matched case-control study to assess the association between allergic background and dengue shock syndrome. Methods This is a matched case-control study that was carried out in the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam from January to December 2017. Dengue infection was determined by non-structure protein 1 (NS1) diagnostic quick test or anti-dengue antibodies (IgM). The total and dengue-specific IgE levels were measured using ELISA. Patients’ demographics, clinical, and allergic profiles were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results A total of 572 dengue patients with positive NS1 (92.7%) or IgM antibodies (7.3%) results were included in this study. Of these patients, 143 patients developed dengue shock syndrome (case group) while the other 429 patients did not (control group). None of the baseline characteristics including age, sex, or being overweight was significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). In multivariable analysis, having a history of dengue infection (OR=3.35, 95% CI: 1.8–6.17, p<0.001) and allergic rhinitis (OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.11–3.4, p = 0.019) were found to be associated with dengue shock syndrome. Higher levels of dengue-specific IgE were not associated with worse outcomes in patients with allergies (p = 0.204) or allergic rhinitis (p = 0.284). Conclusion Dengue patients presenting with a history of a previous dengue infection or allergic rhinitis should be considered high-risk patients for the development of dengue shock syndrome., Acta Tropica, 236, art. no. 106678; 2022

Truyền kỳ, which is a genre of fantasy short stories, was formed and developed in the historic period of medieval literature of Vietnam in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Despite being derived from a similar Chinese genre, the truyền kỳ of Vietnam was the work of the endogenous development of the national fantasy short story, which was closely associated with folk literature and historical prose. However, at the time of its inception, as well as at the glorious top of this genre, truyền kỳ had never been accepted as an official genre. It was rather a metaphor for unorthodox discourse in formal Confucian society. The reason is that truyền kỳ founded the first elements of folk narrative genres that were considered inferior and which Confucius advised Confucians to reject. Therefore, truyền kỳ deeply influenced Confucian doctrines, yet in this genre by itself, the deficiencies of Confucian philosophy related to the metaphysical world were exposed in competition with other non Confucian religions that had emerged, such as Buddhism, Taoism, and especially folklore. By analyzing ghost stories that represent the most typical case or expression of the complex relationship between Confucianism and folklore in the Vietnamese truyền kỳ genre, this article concludes that all the ontological crises of Confucianists that manifested in truyền kỳ derived from this tradition of folklore which created a minor discourse of a Confucian literatus who wrote on the periphery of official Confucianism.

In this research, the inventory positioning problem under stochastic demand and lead time is solved by a mixed-integer programming model. The inventory placements involve a decision that determines where to keep safety stocks within a supply chain network such that the total holding inventory cost is minimized while maintaining an acceptable customer service level (CSL). In this study, the decision variables are the position, amount of safety stock at each location, and service level while the objective function is the total holding inventory cost. The total holding inventory cost includes the holding cost of raw materials, the holding cost of finished goods, the shortage cost of raw materials, and the shortage cost of finished goods. The commercial methodology is used to find the optimal solution for each model. In addition, this study concerns three mathematical models including the basic inventory positioning model, the single service level model, and the multiple service levels model. Selected numerical experiments and a case study are presented to examine the applicability of the proposed mathematical model. The findings indicate that the optimal results are easily obtained via a commercial solver and the proposed approach is suitable for various types of supply chain networks.

In this research, the inventory positioning problem under stochastic demand and lead time is solved by a mixed-integer programming model. The inventory placements involve a decision that determines where to keep safety stocks within a supply chain network such that the total holding inventory cost is minimized while maintaining an acceptable customer service level (CSL). In this study, the decision variables are the position, amount of safety stock at each location, and service level while the objective function is the total holding inventory cost. The total holding inventory cost includes the holding cost of raw materials, the holding cost of finished goods, the shortage cost of raw materials, and the shortage cost of finished goods. The commercial methodology is used to find the optimal solution for each model. In addition, this study concerns three mathematical models including the basic inventory positioning model, the single service level model, and the multiple service levels model. Selected numerical experiments and a case study are presented to examine the applicability of the proposed mathematical model. The findings indicate that the optimal results are easily obtained via a commercial solver and the proposed approach is suitable for various types of supply chain networks.

In this research, the inventory positioning problem under stochastic demand and lead time is solved by a mixed-integer programming model. The inventory placements involve a decision that determines where to keep safety stocks within a supply chain network such that the total holding inventory cost is minimized while maintaining an acceptable customer service level (CSL). In this study, the decision variables are the position, amount of safety stock at each location, and service level while the objective function is the total holding inventory cost. The total holding inventory cost includes the holding cost of raw materials, the holding cost of finished goods, the shortage cost of raw materials, and the shortage cost of finished goods. The commercial methodology is used to find the optimal solution for each model. In addition, this study concerns three mathematical models including the basic inventory positioning model, the single service level model, and the multiple service levels model. Selected numerical experiments and a case study are presented to examine the applicability of the proposed mathematical model. The findings indicate that the optimal results are easily obtained via a commercial solver and the proposed approach is suitable for various types of supply chain networks.

In this research, the inventory positioning problem under stochastic demand and lead time is solved by a mixed-integer programming model. The inventory placements involve a decision that determines where to keep safety stocks within a supply chain network such that the total holding inventory cost is minimized while maintaining an acceptable customer service level (CSL). In this study, the decision variables are the position, amount of safety stock at each location, and service level while the objective function is the total holding inventory cost. The total holding inventory cost includes the holding cost of raw materials, the holding cost of finished goods, the shortage cost of raw materials, and the shortage cost of finished goods. The commercial methodology is used to find the optimal solution for each model. In addition, this study concerns three mathematical models including the basic inventory positioning model, the single service level model, and the multiple service levels model. Selected numerical experiments and a case study are presented to examine the applicability of the proposed mathematical model. The findings indicate that the optimal results are easily obtained via a commercial solver and the proposed approach is suitable for various types of supply chain networks.

Nguyen Le Trung,1,2 Pham Quoc Toan,1,3 Le Viet Thang,1,3 Nguyen Dinh Ngan,1,2 Nguyen Chien Thang,1,2 Nguyen Van Cuong,1,2 Nguyen Van Dam,1,2 Hoang Tuan Anh,1,2 Vo Thi Hang,1,2 Nguyen Kien Trung,4 Do Nhu Binh,1,5 Vu Anh Tuan6 1Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam; 2Vietnam Department of Opthalmology, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam; 3Vietnam Department of Nephrology, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam; 4Vietnam National Eye Hospital, Hanoi, 11613, Vietnam; 5Vietnam Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, 12108, Vietnam; 6Vietnam Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, 11601, VietnamCorrespondence: Vu Anh Tuan Email vuanhtuan64@gmail.comPurpose: Patients with end-stage renal failure are susceptible to dry eye disease. This study explores the relationship between dry eye disease and influence factors.Patients and Methods: The control group consisted of 57 healthy subjects who were kidney donors. They were of the same age and sex as the kidney transplant recipients. The outcome variable was the dry eye condition of the participants. The Schirmer test confirmed dry eye disease, TBUT (breakup time test), and the Eye Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, using linear regression to evaluate the association.Results: The total number of subjects was 146 (89 kidney recipients and 57 kidney donors). When univariate analysis found the level of visual acuity, the age group involved was statistically significant, while the other factors were not statistically significant. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, age (odds ratio: 2.8, p< 0.05), smoking history (odd ratio: 0.1, p< 0.05), corneal conjunctival calcification (odd ratio: 0.2, p< 0.05); central corneal thickness (odd ratio: 1.02, p< 0.05) is considered to be an influence factor for disease progression.Conclusion: Age group, smoking history, corneal central thickness, and conjunctival calcification are factors for dry eye disease in pat

The strong rise of the globalization trend makes most students want to learn other languages than English. Many students have chosen Chinese as their second foreign language because China is one of the world's largest economies today. Learning vocabulary is one of the important factors that require much investment from the learners so that they need to find a suitable and effective learning method for themselves. To help Chinese learners learn vocabulary in an easier and more effective way, we would like to propose an approach of Designing online flashcards to help students learn Chinese vocabulary. This proposal is supported by Anki software. We design a set of Chinese vocabulary flashcards on this platform based on pre-compiled content. With the assisting of flashcards in learning Chinese, we can help the learners learn Chinese vocabulary more conveniently and more effectively. To evaluate this approach, we asked the learners for using a set of flashcards that we designed on the Anki app. The joining learners in this study are the 46th generation students, freshers in Chinese learning, in the Chinese Faculty at HCMUE. The survey results show that the majority of users are satisfied with their experiences on online flashcards, and they see it much helpful for learning Chinese vocabulary.

In this research, the inventory positioning problem under stochastic demand and lead time is solved by a mixed-integer programming model. The inventory placements involve a decision that determines where to keep safety stocks within a supply chain network such that the total holding inventory cost is minimized while maintaining an acceptable customer service level (CSL). In this study, the decision variables are the position, amount of safety stock at each location, and service level while the objective function is the total holding inventory cost. The total holding inventory cost includes the holding cost of raw materials, the holding cost of finished goods, the shortage cost of raw materials, and the shortage cost of finished goods. The commercial methodology is used to find the optimal solution for each model. In addition, this study concerns three mathematical models including the basic inventory positioning model, the single service level model, and the multiple service levels model. Selected numerical experiments and a case study are presented to examine the applicability of the proposed mathematical model. The findings indicate that the optimal results are easily obtained via a commercial solver and the proposed approach is suitable for various types of supply chain networks.

We report a case of blood exchange transfusion to treat acute liver failure following hepatitis B infection at the Infectious Disease Department of Children's Hospital No.2 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A 3.5-month old baby boy was admitted to the hospital with a presentation of progressively worsening jaundice for the past one month. The patient was diagnosed with hepatitis B infection with a positive HBV DNA quantitative assay. Plasma exchange was indicated in view of progressive liver failure and gradually increasing hepatic coma. However, it was impossible to perform plasmapheresis in this case because the patient was small (in terms of age and weight) and there was no suitable plasma exchange filter. Accordingly, the patient was treated with 3 times of blood exchange transfusion in combination with an antiviral drug, lamivudine. After each blood exchange transfusion, the biochemical values (bilirubin, liver enzymes, and coagulation profile) gradually improved and he was discharged after 1 month of treatment. Blood exchange transfusion is an effective procedure for managing acute liver failure, where plasma exchange is not possible while waiting for the recovery of liver functions or liver transplantation., Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 59(6), art. no. 102907; 2020

Doing research in colleges and universities is an essential activity since it may provide students a good basis to become professional researcher and teacher in the future. However, few students in Vietnam can recognize the importance of research activities or possess an adequate background of knowledge to participate in these activities, and additionally, the obligatory course of Research Methodology offered in many universities cannot bring enough understanding in doing research to students. This study, thus, aims at investigating the effects of Research Methodology courses in both of their good and bad sides) on students at a pedagogical university. The study also attempts to survey the attitude of those students toward the activity of doing research and the impact of the attitude on their process of learning to be researchers

In this paper, the paraquat (PQ) concentrations in plasma of poisoned patients were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a DAD detector followed simple extraction of PQ from plasma. The sample was simply pretreated with 15% trichloroacetic acid for deproteinization and directly injected to HPLC system. PQ in plasma was separated on a C8 column HPLC system using 2 channel mobile phase (A and B) with a volume ratio of 5:95, respectively. Channel A was 5% acetonitrile (ACN) and Channel B was a mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), sodium 1-heptanesulphonate (0.11% w / v), KCl (0.20% w / v), polyethylene glycol G400 (0.20% v / v) and methanol (20% v / v). The flow rate of mobile phase was 0.5 mL/min. The method detection limit (MDL) is 0.013 ?g/ mL and the quantitative limit is 0.040 ?g/ mL. The recovery of PQ in plasma samples was 96.1% - 105.9 % at 5 different concentrations ranging from 0.040 ?g / mL to 10.00 ?g/ mL. The within- and between-day relative standard deviations were all less than 0.82% and 1.43% respectively. The method was successfully applied for determining paraquat concentrations in plasma samples of 31 acute paraquat poisoned patients at Poison Control Center, Bach Mai hospital, Vietnam. Quantitative results revealed that plasma PQ level was a key factor for prognosis and hemoperfusion using resin membrane had significant effect in removing PQ from the blood.

In this paper, the paraquat (PQ) concentrations in plasma of poisoned patients were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a DAD detector followed simple extraction of PQ from plasma. The sample was simply pretreated with 15% trichloroacetic acid for deproteinization and directly injected to HPLC system. PQ in plasma was separated on a C8 column HPLC system using 2 channel mobile phase (A and B) with a volume ratio of 5:95, respectively. Channel A was 5% acetonitrile (ACN) and Channel B was a mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), sodium 1-heptanesulphonate (0.11% w / v), KCl (0.20% w / v), polyethylene glycol G400 (0.20% v / v) and methanol (20% v / v). The flow rate of mobile phase was 0.5 mL/min. The method detection limit (MDL) is 0.013 ?g/ mL and the quantitative limit is 0.040 ?g/ mL. The recovery of PQ in plasma samples was 96.1% - 105.9 % at 5 different concentrations ranging from 0.040 ?g / mL to 10.00 ?g/ mL. The within- and between-day relative standard deviations were all less than 0.82% and 1.43% respectively. The method was successfully applied for determining paraquat concentrations in plasma samples of 31 acute paraquat poisoned patients at Poison Control Center, Bach Mai hospital, Vietnam. Quantitative results revealed that plasma PQ level was a key factor for prognosis and hemoperfusion using resin membrane had significant effect in removing PQ from the blood.

Doing research in colleges and universities is an essential activity since it may provide students a good basis to become professional researcher and teacher in the future. However, few students in Vietnam can recognize the importance of research activities or possess an adequate background of knowledge to participate in these activities, and additionally, the obligatory course of Research Methodology offered in many universities cannot bring enough understanding in doing research to students. This study, thus, aims at investigating the effects of Research Methodology courses in both of their good and bad sides) on students at a pedagogical university. The study also attempts to survey the attitude of those students toward the activity of doing research and the impact of the attitude on their process of learning to be researchers

In this paper, the paraquat (PQ) concentrations in plasma of poisoned patients were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a DAD detector followed simple extraction of PQ from plasma. The sample was simply pretreated with 15% trichloroacetic acid for deproteinization and directly injected to HPLC system. PQ in plasma was separated on a C8 column HPLC system using 2 channel mobile phase (A and B) with a volume ratio of 5:95, respectively. Channel A was 5% acetonitrile (ACN) and Channel B was a mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), sodium 1-heptanesulphonate (0.11% w / v), KCl (0.20% w / v), polyethylene glycol G400 (0.20% v / v) and methanol (20% v / v). The flow rate of mobile phase was 0.5 mL/min. The method detection limit (MDL) is 0.013 ?g/ mL and the quantitative limit is 0.040 ?g/ mL. The recovery of PQ in plasma samples was 96.1% - 105.9 % at 5 different concentrations ranging from 0.040 ?g / mL to 10.00 ?g/ mL. The within- and between-day relative standard deviations were all less than 0.82% and 1.43% respectively. The method was successfully applied for determining paraquat concentrations in plasma samples of 31 acute paraquat poisoned patients at Poison Control Center, Bach Mai hospital, Vietnam. Quantitative results revealed that plasma PQ level was a key factor for prognosis and hemoperfusion using resin membrane had significant effect in removing PQ from the blood.

Nowadays, natural polymeric materials extracted from plants are the new alternatives for synthetic chemicals in water and wastewater treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of Cassia fistula seed gum (CFG) as a coagulant aid with PAC in the treatment of textile wastewater. Jartest experiments were carried out to identify the optimal parameters of coagulation-flocculation for removing color and COD in synthesis wastewater containing Methyl blue and RB21 dyes, including pH, settling time, PAC dose, the optimal CFG dosage in comparing with the cationic polymer. After that, actual textile wastewater was treated by using PAC, PAC plus cationic polymer, and PAC plus CFG for evaluating the role of CFG. CFG supplementation has assisted the process effects at nearly 98% color, 85% COD for RB21 and 90% color, 70% COD for MB at the best dose of CFG 0.15 mL and 0.1 mL, respectively. The optimized parameters for the coagulation of real textile wastewater using PAC were pH = 6 and dose = 0.6 mL can removal 66% of color. By adding CFG to PAC, the efficient of treatment was increased about 70% even at the lower dosage of PAC and CFG (0.5 mL for each reagent). The yield of combining PAC and polymer was a little bit lower than PAC and CFG, for instant 68% color was decreased at the same condition. These achievements demonstrated a workable substitute of natural products such as Cassis fistula seed gum for synthetic chemical products in coagulation-flocculation process., Hiện nay các loại vật liệu sinh học chiết xuất từ thực vật đang được nghiên cứu ứng dụng trong xử lý nước và nước thải thay cho các chất hóa học. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là đánh giá hiệu quả của việc sử dụng gum được chiết xuất từ hạt cây Muồng Hoàng Yến (MHY) làm chất trợ keo tụ trong xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm. Thí nghiệm Jartest được tiến hành nhằm xác định các điều kiện tối ưu cho quá trình xử lý nước thải tổng hợp chứa thuốc nhuộm Methyle Blue (MB) và RB21 bao gồm pH, thời gian lắng, liều PAC, liều gum MHY và liều polymer. Sau đó tiến hành xử lý nước thải thật với các điều kiện thích hợp đã xác định nhằm đánh giá vai trò của gum MHY. Gum MHY làm tăng hiệu quả của quá trình xử lý, đạt gần 98% đối với độ màu, 85% COD đối với RB21, 90% độ màu và 70% COD đối với MB với liều lượng tương ứng là 0,15 mL và 0,1 mL. Các thông số tối ưu cho quá trình xử lý trên mẫu nước thải thật là pH = 6, liều PAC = 0.6 mL có thể làm giảm 66% độ màu. Bổ sung gum MHY làm chất trợ keo tụ giúp gia tăng hiệu quả xử lý màu lên 70% dù với liều lượng rất thấp là 0,5 mL. Hiệu suất xử lý khi sử dụng kết hợp PAC và polymer thấp hơn trong trường hợp sử dụng PAC và gum MHY, cụ thể khoảng 68% độ màu được xử lý ở cùng một điều kiện. Những kết quả này cho thấy tiềm năng của việc sử dụng các vật liệu gum tự nhiên nhằm thay thế cho các hợp chất hóa học trong các quá trình keo tụ tạo bông để xử lý nước thải.

Nowadays, natural polymeric materials extracted from plants are the new alternatives for synthetic chemicals in water and wastewater treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of Cassia fistula seed gum (CFG) as a coagulant aid with PAC in the treatment of textile wastewater. Jartest experiments were carried out to identify the optimal parameters of coagulation-flocculation for removing color and COD in synthesis wastewater containing Methyl blue and RB21 dyes, including pH, settling time, PAC dose, the optimal CFG dosage in comparing with the cationic polymer. After that, actual textile wastewater was treated by using PAC, PAC plus cationic polymer, and PAC plus CFG for evaluating the role of CFG. CFG supplementation has assisted the process effects at nearly 98% color, 85% COD for RB21 and 90% color, 70% COD for MB at the best dose of CFG 0.15 mL and 0.1 mL, respectively. The optimized parameters for the coagulation of real textile wastewater using PAC were pH = 6 and dose = 0.6 mL can removal 66% of color. By adding CFG to PAC, the efficient of treatment was increased about 70% even at the lower dosage of PAC and CFG (0.5 mL for each reagent). The yield of combining PAC and polymer was a little bit lower than PAC and CFG, for instant 68% color was decreased at the same condition. These achievements demonstrated a workable substitute of natural products such as Cassis fistula seed gum for synthetic chemical products in coagulation-flocculation process., Hiện nay các loại vật liệu sinh học chiết xuất từ thực vật đang được nghiên cứu ứng dụng trong xử lý nước và nước thải thay cho các chất hóa học. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là đánh giá hiệu quả của việc sử dụng gum được chiết xuất từ hạt cây Muồng Hoàng Yến (MHY) làm chất trợ keo tụ trong xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm. Thí nghiệm Jartest được tiến hành nhằm xác định các điều kiện tối ưu cho quá trình xử lý nước thải tổng hợp chứa thuốc nhuộm Methyle Blue (MB) và RB21 bao gồm pH, thời gian lắng, liều PAC, liều gum MHY và liều polymer. Sau đó tiến hành xử lý nước thải thật với các điều kiện thích hợp đã xác định nhằm đánh giá vai trò của gum MHY. Gum MHY làm tăng hiệu quả của quá trình xử lý, đạt gần 98% đối với độ màu, 85% COD đối với RB21, 90% độ màu và 70% COD đối với MB với liều lượng tương ứng là 0,15 mL và 0,1 mL. Các thông số tối ưu cho quá trình xử lý trên mẫu nước thải thật là pH = 6, liều PAC = 0.6 mL có thể làm giảm 66% độ màu. Bổ sung gum MHY làm chất trợ keo tụ giúp gia tăng hiệu quả xử lý màu lên 70% dù với liều lượng rất thấp là 0,5 mL. Hiệu suất xử lý khi sử dụng kết hợp PAC và polymer thấp hơn trong trường hợp sử dụng PAC và gum MHY, cụ thể khoảng 68% độ màu được xử lý ở cùng một điều kiện. Những kết quả này cho thấy tiềm năng của việc sử dụng các vật liệu gum tự nhiên nhằm thay thế cho các hợp chất hóa học trong các quá trình keo tụ tạo bông để xử lý nước thải.

Nowadays, natural polymeric materials extracted from plants are the new alternatives for synthetic chemicals in water and wastewater treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of Cassia fistula seed gum (CFG) as a coagulant aid with PAC in the treatment of textile wastewater. Jartest experiments were carried out to identify the optimal parameters of coagulation-flocculation for removing color and COD in synthesis wastewater containing Methyl blue and RB21 dyes, including pH, settling time, PAC dose, the optimal CFG dosage in comparing with the cationic polymer. After that, actual textile wastewater was treated by using PAC, PAC plus cationic polymer, and PAC plus CFG for evaluating the role of CFG. CFG supplementation has assisted the process effects at nearly 98% color, 85% COD for RB21 and 90% color, 70% COD for MB at the best dose of CFG 0.15 mL and 0.1 mL, respectively. The optimized parameters for the coagulation of real textile wastewater using PAC were pH = 6 and dose = 0.6 mL can removal 66% of color. By adding CFG to PAC, the efficient of treatment was increased about 70% even at the lower dosage of PAC and CFG (0.5 mL for each reagent). The yield of combining PAC and polymer was a little bit lower than PAC and CFG, for instant 68% color was decreased at the same condition. These achievements demonstrated a workable substitute of natural products such as Cassis fistula seed gum for synthetic chemical products in coagulation-flocculation process., Hiện nay các loại vật liệu sinh học chiết xuất từ thực vật đang được nghiên cứu ứng dụng trong xử lý nước và nước thải thay cho các chất hóa học. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là đánh giá hiệu quả của việc sử dụng gum được chiết xuất từ hạt cây Muồng Hoàng Yến (MHY) làm chất trợ keo tụ trong xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm. Thí nghiệm Jartest được tiến hành nhằm xác định các điều kiện tối ưu cho quá trình xử lý nước thải tổng hợp chứa thuốc nhuộm Methyle Blue (MB) và RB21 bao gồm pH, thời gian lắng, liều PAC, liều gum MHY và liều polymer. Sau đó tiến hành xử lý nước thải thật với các điều kiện thích hợp đã xác định nhằm đánh giá vai trò của gum MHY. Gum MHY làm tăng hiệu quả của quá trình xử lý, đạt gần 98% đối với độ màu, 85% COD đối với RB21, 90% độ màu và 70% COD đối với MB với liều lượng tương ứng là 0,15 mL và 0,1 mL. Các thông số tối ưu cho quá trình xử lý trên mẫu nước thải thật là pH = 6, liều PAC = 0.6 mL có thể làm giảm 66% độ màu. Bổ sung gum MHY làm chất trợ keo tụ giúp gia tăng hiệu quả xử lý màu lên 70% dù với liều lượng rất thấp là 0,5 mL. Hiệu suất xử lý khi sử dụng kết hợp PAC và polymer thấp hơn trong trường hợp sử dụng PAC và gum MHY, cụ thể khoảng 68% độ màu được xử lý ở cùng một điều kiện. Những kết quả này cho thấy tiềm năng của việc sử dụng các vật liệu gum tự nhiên nhằm thay thế cho các hợp chất hóa học trong các quá trình keo tụ tạo bông để xử lý nước thải.

Nowadays, natural polymeric materials extracted from plants are the new alternatives for synthetic chemicals in water and wastewater treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of Cassia fistula seed gum (CFG) as a coagulant aid with PAC in the treatment of textile wastewater. Jartest experiments were carried out to identify the optimal parameters of coagulation-flocculation for removing color and COD in synthesis wastewater containing Methyl blue and RB21 dyes, including pH, settling time, PAC dose, the optimal CFG dosage in comparing with the cationic polymer. After that, actual textile wastewater was treated by using PAC, PAC plus cationic polymer, and PAC plus CFG for evaluating the role of CFG. CFG supplementation has assisted the process effects at nearly 98% color, 85% COD for RB21 and 90% color, 70% COD for MB at the best dose of CFG 0.15 mL and 0.1 mL, respectively. The optimized parameters for the coagulation of real textile wastewater using PAC were pH = 6 and dose = 0.6 mL can removal 66% of color. By adding CFG to PAC, the efficient of treatment was increased about 70% even at the lower dosage of PAC and CFG (0.5 mL for each reagent). The yield of combining PAC and polymer was a little bit lower than PAC and CFG, for instant 68% color was decreased at the same condition. These achievements demonstrated a workable substitute of natural products such as Cassis fistula seed gum for synthetic chemical products in coagulation-flocculation process., Hiện nay các loại vật liệu sinh học chiết xuất từ thực vật đang được nghiên cứu ứng dụng trong xử lý nước và nước thải thay cho các chất hóa học. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là đánh giá hiệu quả của việc sử dụng gum được chiết xuất từ hạt cây Muồng Hoàng Yến (MHY) làm chất trợ keo tụ trong xử lý nước thải dệt nhuộm. Thí nghiệm Jartest được tiến hành nhằm xác định các điều kiện tối ưu cho quá trình xử lý nước thải tổng hợp chứa thuốc nhuộm Methyle Blue (MB) và RB21 bao gồm pH, thời gian lắng, liều PAC, liều gum MHY và liều polymer. Sau đó tiến hành xử lý nước thải thật với các điều kiện thích hợp đã xác định nhằm đánh giá vai trò của gum MHY. Gum MHY làm tăng hiệu quả của quá trình xử lý, đạt gần 98% đối với độ màu, 85% COD đối với RB21, 90% độ màu và 70% COD đối với MB với liều lượng tương ứng là 0,15 mL và 0,1 mL. Các thông số tối ưu cho quá trình xử lý trên mẫu nước thải thật là pH = 6, liều PAC = 0.6 mL có thể làm giảm 66% độ màu. Bổ sung gum MHY làm chất trợ keo tụ giúp gia tăng hiệu quả xử lý màu lên 70% dù với liều lượng rất thấp là 0,5 mL. Hiệu suất xử lý khi sử dụng kết hợp PAC và polymer thấp hơn trong trường hợp sử dụng PAC và gum MHY, cụ thể khoảng 68% độ màu được xử lý ở cùng một điều kiện. Những kết quả này cho thấy tiềm năng của việc sử dụng các vật liệu gum tự nhiên nhằm thay thế cho các hợp chất hóa học trong các quá trình keo tụ tạo bông để xử lý nước thải.

Confucianism is the doctrine that ruled Eastern Asian countries for thousands of years. The doctrine focused on the order of the society and the dependence among individuals in the society. One critique for Confucianism is the under-evaluation of women's role and presence in the society. In the thesis, I will detect Confucianism-related gender stereotypes appearing on feature interviews in the entertainment section of online newspapers in Vietnam, one of former Confucian countries. The thesis also makes the effort to connect the global journalism theory to the solution for removing gender stereotypes from journalism. Three methods namely critical discourse analysis (CDA), conversation analysis (CA) and interviewing are employed in the thesis to address three research questions. Four Confucianism-inspired gender stereotypes are pointed out and the connection between Confucianism-related gender stereotyping and global journalism is basically sketched out in terms of journalistic style.

Confucianism is the doctrine that ruled Eastern Asian countries for thousands of years. The doctrine focused on the order of the society and the dependence among individuals in the society. One critique for Confucianism is the under-evaluation of women's role and presence in the society. In the thesis, I will detect Confucianism-related gender stereotypes appearing on feature interviews in the entertainment section of online newspapers in Vietnam, one of former Confucian countries. The thesis also makes the effort to connect the global journalism theory to the solution for removing gender stereotypes from journalism. Three methods namely critical discourse analysis (CDA), conversation analysis (CA) and interviewing are employed in the thesis to address three research questions. Four Confucianism-inspired gender stereotypes are pointed out and the connection between Confucianism-related gender stereotyping and global journalism is basically sketched out in terms of journalistic style.