Search

The study identifies a specific problem area related to students' misconceptions about heat and heat conduction. The aims of the study are to contribute knowledge about how practical activities with thermal cameras impact the interaction and understanding of heat conduction among intermediate-grade students. The study was conducted with 23 fifth-grade students in two different schools in Sweden. To address the study's purpose, groups of three to four students were observed during a designed activity in which we participated. This activity included discussions and experiments on heat conduction using a thermal camera. The activity was recorded on video and later analysed. The results of the study, presented in three experiments, indicate that the use of thermal cameras can effectively support students' understanding of heat conduction. Students articulate the concept of heat conduction and use it in discussions. Visualizing heat with the help of thermal cameras facilitates students in connecting theoretical concepts to practical situations and enhances their ability to explain and reason about the phenomenon. The study also highlights the teacher's role in guiding students in their development. Despite some difficulties in verbalizing their conclusions, students show increased awareness of heat conduction and its connection to different materials. The study thus emphasizes the potential of using thermal cameras to support teaching and improve students' understanding of how heat spreads., Studien identifierar ett specifikt problemområde relaterat till elevers missuppfattningar om värme och värmeledning. Syften med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur praktiska aktiviteter med värmekameror påverkar mellanstadieelevers interaktion och förståelse för hur värme sprids genom ledning. Studien är utförd på 23 elever i årskurs 5 på två olika skolor i Sverige. För att besvara studiens syfte observerades grupper av tre till fyra elever under en designad aktivitet där vi deltog. I denna aktivitet ingick diskussioner och experiment om värmeledning där värmekamera användes. Aktiviteten videofilmades och analyserades senare. Studiens resultat, presenterade i tre experiment, visar att användningen av värmekameror effektivt kan stödja elevernas förståelse för värmeledning. Eleverna uttrycker begreppet värmeledning och använder det i diskussioner. Visualiseringen av värme med hjälp av värmekameror underlättar för eleverna att koppla teoretiska begrepp till praktiska situationer och främjar deras förmåga att förklara och resonera kring fenomenet. Studien belyser också lärarens roll för att vägleda eleverna i deras utveckling. Trots vissa svårigheter att verbalisera sina slutsatser visar eleverna ökad medvetenhet om värmeledning och dess koppling till olika material. Studien betonar således potentialen i att använda värmekameror för att stödja undervisningen och förbättra elevernas förståelse för hur värme sprids.

The study identifies a specific problem area related to students' misconceptions about heat and heat conduction. The aims of the study are to contribute knowledge about how practical activities with thermal cameras impact the interaction and understanding of heat conduction among intermediate-grade students. The study was conducted with 23 fifth-grade students in two different schools in Sweden. To address the study's purpose, groups of three to four students were observed during a designed activity in which we participated. This activity included discussions and experiments on heat conduction using a thermal camera. The activity was recorded on video and later analysed. The results of the study, presented in three experiments, indicate that the use of thermal cameras can effectively support students' understanding of heat conduction. Students articulate the concept of heat conduction and use it in discussions. Visualizing heat with the help of thermal cameras facilitates students in connecting theoretical concepts to practical situations and enhances their ability to explain and reason about the phenomenon. The study also highlights the teacher's role in guiding students in their development. Despite some difficulties in verbalizing their conclusions, students show increased awareness of heat conduction and its connection to different materials. The study thus emphasizes the potential of using thermal cameras to support teaching and improve students' understanding of how heat spreads., Studien identifierar ett specifikt problemområde relaterat till elevers missuppfattningar om värme och värmeledning. Syften med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur praktiska aktiviteter med värmekameror påverkar mellanstadieelevers interaktion och förståelse för hur värme sprids genom ledning. Studien är utförd på 23 elever i årskurs 5 på två olika skolor i Sverige. För att besvara studiens syfte observerades grupper av tre till fyra elever under en designad aktivitet där vi deltog. I denna aktivitet ingick diskussioner och experiment om värmeledning där värmekamera användes. Aktiviteten videofilmades och analyserades senare. Studiens resultat, presenterade i tre experiment, visar att användningen av värmekameror effektivt kan stödja elevernas förståelse för värmeledning. Eleverna uttrycker begreppet värmeledning och använder det i diskussioner. Visualiseringen av värme med hjälp av värmekameror underlättar för eleverna att koppla teoretiska begrepp till praktiska situationer och främjar deras förmåga att förklara och resonera kring fenomenet. Studien belyser också lärarens roll för att vägleda eleverna i deras utveckling. Trots vissa svårigheter att verbalisera sina slutsatser visar eleverna ökad medvetenhet om värmeledning och dess koppling till olika material. Studien betonar således potentialen i att använda värmekameror för att stödja undervisningen och förbättra elevernas förståelse för hur värme sprids.

Land cover classification and change detection are two important applications of remote sensing and Earth observation (EO) that have benefited greatly from the advances of deep learning. Convolutional and transformer-based U-net models are the state-of-the-art architectures for these tasks, and their performances have been boosted by an increased availability of large-scale annotated EO datasets. However, the influence of different visual characteristics of the input EO data on a model's predictions is not well understood. In this work we systematically examine model sensitivities with respect to several color- and texture-based distortions on the input EO data during inference, given models that have been trained without such distortions. We conduct experiments with multiple state-of-the-art segmentation networks for land cover classification and show that they are in general more sensitive to texture than to color distortions. Beyond revealing intriguing characteristics of widely used land cover classification models, our results can also be used to guide the development of more robust models within the EO domain.

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) in the glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) (EC3.2.1.176) are the major cellulose degrading enzymes both in industrial settings and in the context of carbon cycling in nature. Small carbohydrate conjugates such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (pNPC), p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-lactoside (pNPL) and methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-cellobioside have commonly been used in colorimetric and fluorometric assays for analysing activity of these enzymes. Despite the similar nature of these compounds the kinetics of their enzymatic hydrolysis vary greatly between the different compounds as well as among different enzymes within the GH7 family. Through enzyme kinetics, crystallographic structure determination, molecular dynamics simulations, and fluorometric binding studies using the closely related compound o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (oNPC), in this work we examine the different hydrolysis characteristics of these compounds on two model enzymes of this class, TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei and PcCel7D from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Protein crystal structures of the E212Q mutant of TrCel7A with pNPC and pNPL, and the wildtype TrCel7A with oNPC, reveal that non-productive binding at the product site is the dominating binding mode for these compounds. Enzyme kinetics results suggest the strength of non-productive binding is a key determinant for the activity characteristics on these substrates, with PcCel7D consistently showing higher turnover rates (k(cat)) than TrCel7A, but higher Michaelis-Menten (K-M) constants as well. Furthermore, oNPC turned out to be useful as an active-site probe for fluorometric determination of the dissociation constant for cellobiose on TrCel7A but could not be utilized for the same purpose on PcCel7D, likely due to strong binding to an unknown site outside the active site.

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) in the glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) (EC3.2.1.176) are the major cellulose degrading enzymes both in industrial settings and in the context of carbon cycling in nature. Small carbohydrate conjugates such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (pNPC), p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-lactoside (pNPL) and methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-cellobioside have commonly been used in colorimetric and fluorometric assays for analysing activity of these enzymes. Despite the similar nature of these compounds the kinetics of their enzymatic hydrolysis vary greatly between the different compounds as well as among different enzymes within the GH7 family. Through enzyme kinetics, crystallographic structure determination, molecular dynamics simulations, and fluorometric binding studies using the closely related compound o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (oNPC), in this work we examine the different hydrolysis characteristics of these compounds on two model enzymes of this class, TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei and PcCel7D from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Protein crystal structures of the E212Q mutant of TrCel7A with pNPC and pNPL, and the wildtype TrCel7A with oNPC, reveal that non-productive binding at the product site is the dominating binding mode for these compounds. Enzyme kinetics results suggest the strength of non-productive binding is a key determinant for the activity characteristics on these substrates, with PcCel7D consistently showing higher turnover rates (k(cat)) than TrCel7A, but higher Michaelis-Menten (K-M) constants as well. Furthermore, oNPC turned out to be useful as an active-site probe for fluorometric determination of the dissociation constant for cellobiose on TrCel7A but could not be utilized for the same purpose on PcCel7D, likely due to strong binding to an unknown site outside the active site.

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) in the glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) (EC3.2.1.176) are the major cellulose degrading enzymes both in industrial settings and in the context of carbon cycling in nature. Small carbohydrate conjugates such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (pNPC), p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-lactoside (pNPL) and methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-cellobioside have commonly been used in colorimetric and fluorometric assays for analysing activity of these enzymes. Despite the similar nature of these compounds the kinetics of their enzymatic hydrolysis vary greatly between the different compounds as well as among different enzymes within the GH7 family. Through enzyme kinetics, crystallographic structure determination, molecular dynamics simulations, and fluorometric binding studies using the closely related compound o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (oNPC), in this work we examine the different hydrolysis characteristics of these compounds on two model enzymes of this class, TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei and PcCel7D from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Protein crystal structures of the E212Q mutant of TrCel7A with pNPC and pNPL, and the wildtype TrCel7A with oNPC, reveal that non-productive binding at the product site is the dominating binding mode for these compounds. Enzyme kinetics results suggest the strength of non-productive binding is a key determinant for the activity characteristics on these substrates, with PcCel7D consistently showing higher turnover rates (k(cat)) than TrCel7A, but higher Michaelis-Menten (K-M) constants as well. Furthermore, oNPC turned out to be useful as an active-site probe for fluorometric determination of the dissociation constant for cellobiose on TrCel7A but could not be utilized for the same purpose on PcCel7D, likely due to strong binding to an unknown site outside the active site.

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) in the glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) (EC3.2.1.176) are the major cellulose degrading enzymes both in industrial settings and in the context of carbon cycling in nature. Small carbohydrate conjugates such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (pNPC), p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-lactoside (pNPL) and methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-cellobioside have commonly been used in colorimetric and fluorometric assays for analysing activity of these enzymes. Despite the similar nature of these compounds the kinetics of their enzymatic hydrolysis vary greatly between the different compounds as well as among different enzymes within the GH7 family. Through enzyme kinetics, crystallographic structure determination, molecular dynamics simulations, and fluorometric binding studies using the closely related compound o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (oNPC), in this work we examine the different hydrolysis characteristics of these compounds on two model enzymes of this class, TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei and PcCel7D from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Protein crystal structures of the E212Q mutant of TrCel7A with pNPC and pNPL, and the wildtype TrCel7A with oNPC, reveal that non-productive binding at the product site is the dominating binding mode for these compounds. Enzyme kinetics results suggest the strength of non-productive binding is a key determinant for the activity characteristics on these substrates, with PcCel7D consistently showing higher turnover rates (k(cat)) than TrCel7A, but higher Michaelis-Menten (K-M) constants as well. Furthermore, oNPC turned out to be useful as an active-site probe for fluorometric determination of the dissociation constant for cellobiose on TrCel7A but could not be utilized for the same purpose on PcCel7D, likely due to strong binding to an unknown site outside the active site.

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) in the glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) (EC3.2.1.176) are the major cellulose degrading enzymes both in industrial settings and in the context of carbon cycling in nature. Small carbohydrate conjugates such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (pNPC), p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-lactoside (pNPL) and methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-cellobioside have commonly been used in colorimetric and fluorometric assays for analysing activity of these enzymes. Despite the similar nature of these compounds the kinetics of their enzymatic hydrolysis vary greatly between the different compounds as well as among different enzymes within the GH7 family. Through enzyme kinetics, crystallographic structure determination, molecular dynamics simulations, and fluorometric binding studies using the closely related compound o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (oNPC), in this work we examine the different hydrolysis characteristics of these compounds on two model enzymes of this class, TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei and PcCel7D from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Protein crystal structures of the E212Q mutant of TrCel7A with pNPC and pNPL, and the wildtype TrCel7A with oNPC, reveal that non-productive binding at the product site is the dominating binding mode for these compounds. Enzyme kinetics results suggest the strength of non-productive binding is a key determinant for the activity characteristics on these substrates, with PcCel7D consistently showing higher turnover rates (k(cat)) than TrCel7A, but higher Michaelis-Menten (K-M) constants as well. Furthermore, oNPC turned out to be useful as an active-site probe for fluorometric determination of the dissociation constant for cellobiose on TrCel7A but could not be utilized for the same purpose on PcCel7D, likely due to strong binding to an unknown site outside the active site.

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) in the glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) (EC3.2.1.176) are the major cellulose degrading enzymes both in industrial settings and in the context of carbon cycling in nature. Small carbohydrate conjugates such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (pNPC), p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-lactoside (pNPL) and methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-cellobioside have commonly been used in colorimetric and fluorometric assays for analysing activity of these enzymes. Despite the similar nature of these compounds the kinetics of their enzymatic hydrolysis vary greatly between the different compounds as well as among different enzymes within the GH7 family. Through enzyme kinetics, crystallographic structure determination, molecular dynamics simulations, and fluorometric binding studies using the closely related compound o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (oNPC), in this work we examine the different hydrolysis characteristics of these compounds on two model enzymes of this class, TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei and PcCel7D from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Protein crystal structures of the E212Q mutant of TrCel7A with pNPC and pNPL, and the wildtype TrCel7A with oNPC, reveal that non-productive binding at the product site is the dominating binding mode for these compounds. Enzyme kinetics results suggest the strength of non-productive binding is a key determinant for the activity characteristics on these substrates, with PcCel7D consistently showing higher turnover rates (k(cat)) than TrCel7A, but higher Michaelis-Menten (K-M) constants as well. Furthermore, oNPC turned out to be useful as an active-site probe for fluorometric determination of the dissociation constant for cellobiose on TrCel7A but could not be utilized for the same purpose on PcCel7D, likely due to strong binding to an unknown site outside the active site.

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) in the glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) (EC3.2.1.176) are the major cellulose degrading enzymes both in industrial settings and in the context of carbon cycling in nature. Small carbohydrate conjugates such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (pNPC), p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-lactoside (pNPL) and methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-cellobioside have commonly been used in colorimetric and fluorometric assays for analysing activity of these enzymes. Despite the similar nature of these compounds the kinetics of their enzymatic hydrolysis vary greatly between the different compounds as well as among different enzymes within the GH7 family. Through enzyme kinetics, crystallographic structure determination, molecular dynamics simulations, and fluorometric binding studies using the closely related compound o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (oNPC), in this work we examine the different hydrolysis characteristics of these compounds on two model enzymes of this class, TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei and PcCel7D from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Protein crystal structures of the E212Q mutant of TrCel7A with pNPC and pNPL, and the wildtype TrCel7A with oNPC, reveal that non-productive binding at the product site is the dominating binding mode for these compounds. Enzyme kinetics results suggest the strength of non-productive binding is a key determinant for the activity characteristics on these substrates, with PcCel7D consistently showing higher turnover rates (k(cat)) than TrCel7A, but higher Michaelis-Menten (K-M) constants as well. Furthermore, oNPC turned out to be useful as an active-site probe for fluorometric determination of the dissociation constant for cellobiose on TrCel7A but could not be utilized for the same purpose on PcCel7D, likely due to strong binding to an unknown site outside the active site.

The Urdarbrunnen project is a Saab-led exploratory initiative that aims to develop an operator-assisted AI-enabled mission system for basic autonomous functions. In its first iteration, presented in this project paper, the system is designed to be capable of performing the search task of a combat search and rescue mission in a complex and dynamic environment, while providing basic human machine interaction support for remote operators. The system enables a team of agents to cooperatively plan and execute a search mission while also interfacing with the WARA-PS core system that allows human operators and other agents to monitor activities and interact with each other. The aim of the project is to develop the system iteratively, with each iteration incorporating feedback from simulations and real-world experiments. In future work, the capability of the system will be extended to incorporate additional tasks for other scenarios, making it a promising starting point for the integration of autonomous capabilities in a future air force.

Much has been written about Hemingway’s works from a feminist or queer perspective, including the relation between Hemingway’s biography and his representation of female characters, female domination and homosexuality. In comparison, the queer sub-field of transgender studies, which entails analyzing gender transgression and influence, has received little attention by scholars of Hemingway studies. In this essay, I locate and analyze instances of transgender identities and gender influences regarding the question of how these interact with other identities in the novel The Garden of Eden (1986) and the short story “The Sea Change” (1931). In addition, I analyze how these individual identities interact with the feminist concept of relational autonomy. This essay draws the conclusion that Hemingway’s portrayal of queer gender identities and their interactions in these two works of prose fiction exemplify the autonomy of these queer characters., Much has been written about Hemingway’s works from a feminist or queer perspective, including the relation between Hemingway’s biography and his representation of female characters, female domination and homosexuality. In comparison, the queer sub-field of transgender studies, which entails analyzing gender transgression and influence, has received little attention by scholars of Hemingway studies. In this essay, I locate and analyze instances of transgender identities and gender influences regarding the question of how these interact with other identities in the novel The Garden of Eden (1986) and the short story “The Sea Change” (1931). In addition, I analyze how these individual identities interact with the feminist concept of relational autonomy. This essay draws the conclusion that Hemingway’s portrayal of queer gender identities and their interactions in these two works of prose fiction exemplify the autonomy of these queer characters.

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) in the glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) (EC3.2.1.176) are the major cellulose degrading enzymes both in industrial settings and in the context of carbon cycling in nature. Small carbohydrate conjugates such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (pNPC), p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-lactoside (pNPL) and methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-cellobioside have commonly been used in colorimetric and fluorometric assays for analysing activity of these enzymes. Despite the similar nature of these compounds the kinetics of their enzymatic hydrolysis vary greatly between the different compounds as well as among different enzymes within the GH7 family. Through enzyme kinetics, crystallographic structure determination, molecular dynamics simulations, and fluorometric binding studies using the closely related compound o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (oNPC), in this work we examine the different hydrolysis characteristics of these compounds on two model enzymes of this class, TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei and PcCel7D from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Protein crystal structures of the E212Q mutant of TrCel7A with pNPC and pNPL, and the wildtype TrCel7A with oNPC, reveal that non-productive binding at the product site is the dominating binding mode for these compounds. Enzyme kinetics results suggest the strength of non-productive binding is a key determinant for the activity characteristics on these substrates, with PcCel7D consistently showing higher turnover rates (k(cat)) than TrCel7A, but higher Michaelis-Menten (K-M) constants as well. Furthermore, oNPC turned out to be useful as an active-site probe for fluorometric determination of the dissociation constant for cellobiose on TrCel7A but could not be utilized for the same purpose on PcCel7D, likely due to strong binding to an unknown site outside the active site.

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) in the glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) (EC3.2.1.176) are the major cellulose degrading enzymes both in industrial settings and in the context of carbon cycling in nature. Small carbohydrate conjugates such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (pNPC), p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-lactoside (pNPL) and methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-cellobioside have commonly been used in colorimetric and fluorometric assays for analysing activity of these enzymes. Despite the similar nature of these compounds the kinetics of their enzymatic hydrolysis vary greatly between the different compounds as well as among different enzymes within the GH7 family. Through enzyme kinetics, crystallographic structure determination, molecular dynamics simulations, and fluorometric binding studies using the closely related compound o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (oNPC), in this work we examine the different hydrolysis characteristics of these compounds on two model enzymes of this class, TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei and PcCel7D from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Protein crystal structures of the E212Q mutant of TrCel7A with pNPC and pNPL, and the wildtype TrCel7A with oNPC, reveal that non-productive binding at the product site is the dominating binding mode for these compounds. Enzyme kinetics results suggest the strength of non-productive binding is a key determinant for the activity characteristics on these substrates, with PcCel7D consistently showing higher turnover rates (k(cat)) than TrCel7A, but higher Michaelis-Menten (K-M) constants as well. Furthermore, oNPC turned out to be useful as an active-site probe for fluorometric determination of the dissociation constant for cellobiose on TrCel7A but could not be utilized for the same purpose on PcCel7D, likely due to strong binding to an unknown site outside the active site.

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) in the glycoside hydrolase family 7 (GH7) (EC3.2.1.176) are the major cellulose degrading enzymes both in industrial settings and in the context of carbon cycling in nature. Small carbohydrate conjugates such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (pNPC), p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-lactoside (pNPL) and methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-cellobioside have commonly been used in colorimetric and fluorometric assays for analysing activity of these enzymes. Despite the similar nature of these compounds the kinetics of their enzymatic hydrolysis vary greatly between the different compounds as well as among different enzymes within the GH7 family. Through enzyme kinetics, crystallographic structure determination, molecular dynamics simulations, and fluorometric binding studies using the closely related compound o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside (oNPC), in this work we examine the different hydrolysis characteristics of these compounds on two model enzymes of this class, TrCel7A from Trichoderma reesei and PcCel7D from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Protein crystal structures of the E212Q mutant of TrCel7A with pNPC and pNPL, and the wildtype TrCel7A with oNPC, reveal that non-productive binding at the product site is the dominating binding mode for these compounds. Enzyme kinetics results suggest the strength of non-productive binding is a key determinant for the activity characteristics on these substrates, with PcCel7D consistently showing higher turnover rates (k(cat)) than TrCel7A, but higher Michaelis-Menten (K-M) constants as well. Furthermore, oNPC turned out to be useful as an active-site probe for fluorometric determination of the dissociation constant for cellobiose on TrCel7A but could not be utilized for the same purpose on PcCel7D, likely due to strong binding to an unknown site outside the active site.

This thesis aims to study extracellular vesicles (EVs) in thyroid cancer (TC) hoping to understand their role in cancer progression and to identify new biomarkers for the differential diagnosis between TC and benign nodules. Using a mouse model mimicking human TC, we isolated and characterized EVs from control and cancerous thyroid tissues. We identified tumor-derived EV-miRNAs by sequencing. More abundant EV-miRNAs were mostly deregulated in tumor cells and could affect immune-related pathways. We thus propose that tumor cells secrete more EVs containing a deregulated miRNA signature and that this could affect the immune microenvironment. Finally, the diagnostic value of a few miRNA candidates was assessed by quantifying their levels in plasma-EVs from patients with thyroid diseases, suggesting the diagnostic potential of EV-enclosed miR-146b-5p and miR-21a-5p, (BIFA - Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques) -- UCL, 2022

Introduction: The Swedish Agency for Work Environment Expertise commissioned researchers atLund University, Kristianstad University and Malmö University to conduct a systematic reviewfocusing on the impact of the psychosocial work environment on the senior workforce (≥55 years ofage) in a Swedish context.Aims: To provide an overview of how psychosocial work environment and occupational healthfactors affect the senior workforce, and describe interventions designed to improve the workenvironment.Methods: The guidelines on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) were followed. The data bases: Pubmed, Cinahl, Scopus and Medline were searched forarticles published until 2021-07-10.Results: After deduplication 846 articles remained, of which 49 were selected for full text screening.After exclusion of studies with low quality 20 remained. The studies included in this literature reviewhave been thematized and analysed based on the nine determinant areas of the swAge model1, forthe ability and willingness to work in relation to ageing, to explain the complexity of predictors forthe senior workforce’s working life. These determinant areas are divided into predictors of: the workenvironment’s effects on health; the personal financial situation; the social support, relationships,and participation; as well as the execution of work tasks and activities.Conclusions: Several of the articles included in the literature review did not consider the definition ofage in relation to the senior workforce, despite age being the factor that characterizes anddistinguishes a senior employee. However, there were articles highlighting the significance ofconsidering the senior workforce based on their biological age, social age, and cognitive age ratherthan just their chronological age (i.e. how many years had passed since they were born). Severalgeneral suggestions were discernable in the articles included in the literature review that will bediscussed.

Background: Pharmacological treatment is of great importance in forensic psychiatry, and the vast majority of patients are treated with antipsychotic agents. There are several systematic differences between general and forensic psychiatric patients, e.g. severe violent behavior, the amount of comorbidity, such as personality disorders and/or substance abuse. Based on that, it is reasonable to suspect that effects of pharmacological treatments also may differ. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of pharmacological interventions for patients within forensic psychiatry. Methods: The systematic review protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017075308). Six databases were used for literature search on January 11, 2018. Controlled trials from forensic psychiatric care reporting on the effects of antipsychotic agents, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, as well as pharmacological agents used for the treatment of addiction or ADHD, were included. Two authors independently reviewed the studies, evaluated risk of bias and assessed certainty of evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: The literature search resulted in 1783 records (titles and abstracts) out of which 10 studies were included. Most of the studies included were retrospective and non-randomized. Five of them focused on treatment with clozapine and the remaining five on other antipsychotics or mood stabilizers. Five studies with a high risk of bias indicated positive effects of clozapine on time from treatment start to discharge, crime-free time, time from discharge to readmission, improved clinical functioning, and reduction in aggressive behavior. Psychotic symptoms after treatment were more pronounced in the clozapine group. Mainly due to the high risk of bias the reliability of the evidence for all outcomes was assessed as very low. Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the shortage of know

Background: Pharmacological treatment is of great importance in forensic psychiatry, and the vast majority of patients are treated with antipsychotic agents. There are several systematic differences between general and forensic psychiatric patients, e.g. severe violent behavior, the amount of comorbidity, such as personality disorders and/or substance abuse. Based on that, it is reasonable to suspect that effects of pharmacological treatments also may differ. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of pharmacological interventions for patients within forensic psychiatry. Methods: The systematic review protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017075308). Six databases were used for literature search on January 11, 2018. Controlled trials from forensic psychiatric care reporting on the effects of antipsychotic agents, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, as well as pharmacological agents used for the treatment of addiction or ADHD, were included. Two authors independently reviewed the studies, evaluated risk of bias and assessed certainty of evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: The literature search resulted in 1783 records (titles and abstracts) out of which 10 studies were included. Most of the studies included were retrospective and non-randomized. Five of them focused on treatment with clozapine and the remaining five on other antipsychotics or mood stabilizers. Five studies with a high risk of bias indicated positive effects of clozapine on time from treatment start to discharge, crime-free time, time from discharge to readmission, improved clinical functioning, and reduction in aggressive behavior. Psychotic symptoms after treatment were more pronounced in the clozapine group. Mainly due to the high risk of bias the reliability of the evidence for all outcomes was assessed as very low. Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the shortage of know

Spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is a promising candidate for next generation memory as it is non-volatile, fast, and has unlimited endurance. Another important aspect of STT-MRAM is that its core component, the nanoscale magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ), is thought to be radiation hard, making it attractive for space and nuclear technology applications. However, studies on the effects of ionizing radiation on the STT-MRAM writing process are lacking for MTJs with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (pMTJs) required for scalable applications. Particularly, the question of the impact of extreme total ionizing dose on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, which plays a crucial role on thermal stability and critical writing current, remains open. Here we report measurements of the impact of high doses of gamma and neutron radiation on nanoscale pMTJs used in STT-MRAM. We characterize the tunneling magnetoresistance, the magnetic field switching, and the current-induced switching before and after irradiation. Our results demonstrate that all these key properties of nanoscale MTJs relevant to STT-MRAM applications are robust against ionizing radiation. Additionally, we perform experiments on thermally driven stochastic switching in the gamma ray environment. These results indicate that nanoscale MTJs are promising building blocks for radiation-hard non-von Neumann computing.

Nuclear energy is a sustainable baseload power source with low life cycle carbon emissions, and no emissions during power plant operations. Research into new separatory schemes and technology to reprocess used nuclear fuel (UNF) can further improve carbon emissions and the efficiency of the nuclear fuel cycle. Improved aqueous separatory and extraction agents have the additional benefit of making the use of radionuclides safer with their ability to carefully segregate selected materials from environments such as natural bodies of water or waste streams. Prior research has focused on liquid-liquid extraction (LLE)/solvent extraction (SX) and solid-phase extraction (SPE)/ion exchange (IE) to reprocess and reclaim nuclear material, particularly the mid- and minor-actinides which contain most of the radiotoxicity of UNF. However, these types of schemes face several challenges, such as generation of secondary waste, selection or design of a ligand to separate the similar lanthanides and actinides, low adsorption and retention capacity of extracting agents, and fouling, degradation or delamination of solid support systems. This work focuses on utilizing poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers for improved aqueous sequestration and solid phase separation of the actinyl ions, which take the form AnO2+/AnO22+. Dendrimers are hyperbranched polymers that grow outward in numerous branching arms from a single core rather than linearly. This introduces dendritic effects, which are steric, size and chemical effects that differ from those that would be expected from a monomeric or linear form, and can positively or negatively influence metal ion binding and coordination chemistry of dendrimers. These effects also include solubility and phase variation due to the colloidal nature of PAMAM dendrimers. It is observed that PAMAM dendrimers have an enhanced affinity and capacity for precipitation/solid-phase separation when binding with actinyl ions through a combination of dendritic effec

Nuclear energy is a sustainable baseload power source with low life cycle carbon emissions, and no emissions during power plant operations. Research into new separatory schemes and technology to reprocess used nuclear fuel (UNF) can further improve carbon emissions and the efficiency of the nuclear fuel cycle. Improved aqueous separatory and extraction agents have the additional benefit of making the use of radionuclides safer with their ability to carefully segregate selected materials from environments such as natural bodies of water or waste streams. Prior research has focused on liquid-liquid extraction (LLE)/solvent extraction (SX) and solid-phase extraction (SPE)/ion exchange (IE) to reprocess and reclaim nuclear material, particularly the mid- and minor-actinides which contain most of the radiotoxicity of UNF. However, these types of schemes face several challenges, such as generation of secondary waste, selection or design of a ligand to separate the similar lanthanides and actinides, low adsorption and retention capacity of extracting agents, and fouling, degradation or delamination of solid support systems. This work focuses on utilizing poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers for improved aqueous sequestration and solid phase separation of the actinyl ions, which take the form AnO2+/AnO22+. Dendrimers are hyperbranched polymers that grow outward in numerous branching arms from a single core rather than linearly. This introduces dendritic effects, which are steric, size and chemical effects that differ from those that would be expected from a monomeric or linear form, and can positively or negatively influence metal ion binding and coordination chemistry of dendrimers. These effects also include solubility and phase variation due to the colloidal nature of PAMAM dendrimers. It is observed that PAMAM dendrimers have an enhanced affinity and capacity for precipitation/solid-phase separation when binding with actinyl ions through a combination of dendritic effec

Spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is a promising candidate for next generation memory as it is non-volatile, fast, and has unlimited endurance. Another important aspect of STT-MRAM is that its core component, the nanoscale magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ), is thought to be radiation hard, making it attractive for space and nuclear technology applications. However, studies on the effects of ionizing radiation on the STT-MRAM writing process are lacking for MTJs with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (pMTJs) required for scalable applications. Particularly, the question of the impact of extreme total ionizing dose on perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, which plays a crucial role on thermal stability and critical writing current, remains open. Here we report measurements of the impact of high doses of gamma and neutron radiation on nanoscale pMTJs used in STT-MRAM. We characterize the tunneling magnetoresistance, the magnetic field switching, and the current-induced switching before and after irradiation. Our results demonstrate that all these key properties of nanoscale MTJs relevant to STT-MRAM applications are robust against ionizing radiation. Additionally, we perform experiments on thermally driven stochastic switching in the gamma ray environment. These results indicate that nanoscale MTJs are promising building blocks for radiation-hard non-von Neumann computing.

Background: Pharmacological treatment is of great importance in forensic psychiatry, and the vast majority of patients are treated with antipsychotic agents. There are several systematic differences between general and forensic psychiatric patients, e.g. severe violent behavior, the amount of comorbidity, such as personality disorders and/or substance abuse. Based on that, it is reasonable to suspect that effects of pharmacological treatments also may differ. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of pharmacological interventions for patients within forensic psychiatry. Methods: The systematic review protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017075308). Six databases were used for literature search on January 11, 2018. Controlled trials from forensic psychiatric care reporting on the effects of antipsychotic agents, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, as well as pharmacological agents used for the treatment of addiction or ADHD, were included. Two authors independently reviewed the studies, evaluated risk of bias and assessed certainty of evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: The literature search resulted in 1783 records (titles and abstracts) out of which 10 studies were included. Most of the studies included were retrospective and non-randomized. Five of them focused on treatment with clozapine and the remaining five on other antipsychotics or mood stabilizers. Five studies with a high risk of bias indicated positive effects of clozapine on time from treatment start to discharge, crime-free time, time from discharge to readmission, improved clinical functioning, and reduction in aggressive behavior. Psychotic symptoms after treatment were more pronounced in the clozapine group. Mainly due to the high risk of bias the reliability of the evidence for all outcomes was assessed as very low. Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the shortage of know

Background: Pharmacological treatment is of great importance in forensic psychiatry, and the vast majority of patients are treated with antipsychotic agents. There are several systematic differences between general and forensic psychiatric patients, e.g. severe violent behavior, the amount of comorbidity, such as personality disorders and/or substance abuse. Based on that, it is reasonable to suspect that effects of pharmacological treatments also may differ. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of pharmacological interventions for patients within forensic psychiatry. Methods: The systematic review protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017075308). Six databases were used for literature search on January 11, 2018. Controlled trials from forensic psychiatric care reporting on the effects of antipsychotic agents, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, as well as pharmacological agents used for the treatment of addiction or ADHD, were included. Two authors independently reviewed the studies, evaluated risk of bias and assessed certainty of evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: The literature search resulted in 1783 records (titles and abstracts) out of which 10 studies were included. Most of the studies included were retrospective and non-randomized. Five of them focused on treatment with clozapine and the remaining five on other antipsychotics or mood stabilizers. Five studies with a high risk of bias indicated positive effects of clozapine on time from treatment start to discharge, crime-free time, time from discharge to readmission, improved clinical functioning, and reduction in aggressive behavior. Psychotic symptoms after treatment were more pronounced in the clozapine group. Mainly due to the high risk of bias the reliability of the evidence for all outcomes was assessed as very low. Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the shortage of know

Background: Pharmacological treatment is of great importance in forensic psychiatry, and the vast majority of patients are treated with antipsychotic agents. There are several systematic differences between general and forensic psychiatric patients, e.g. severe violent behavior, the amount of comorbidity, such as personality disorders and/or substance abuse. Based on that, it is reasonable to suspect that effects of pharmacological treatments also may differ. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of pharmacological interventions for patients within forensic psychiatry. Methods: The systematic review protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017075308). Six databases were used for literature search on January 11, 2018. Controlled trials from forensic psychiatric care reporting on the effects of antipsychotic agents, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, as well as pharmacological agents used for the treatment of addiction or ADHD, were included. Two authors independently reviewed the studies, evaluated risk of bias and assessed certainty of evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: The literature search resulted in 1783 records (titles and abstracts) out of which 10 studies were included. Most of the studies included were retrospective and non-randomized. Five of them focused on treatment with clozapine and the remaining five on other antipsychotics or mood stabilizers. Five studies with a high risk of bias indicated positive effects of clozapine on time from treatment start to discharge, crime-free time, time from discharge to readmission, improved clinical functioning, and reduction in aggressive behavior. Psychotic symptoms after treatment were more pronounced in the clozapine group. Mainly due to the high risk of bias the reliability of the evidence for all outcomes was assessed as very low. Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the shortage of know

Investigating the heart with an electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important, frequent and noninvasive investigation. Failure to correctly interpret the ECG may harm the patient. Learning to interpret ECGs is difficult for many medical students. Students and teachers have asked for more training, but this is difficult to provide in traditional educational settings. A web-based learning resource could be useful and this thesis aimed to explore the utility and usage of a web-based ECG resource for medical students in a blended-learning setting. Methods and result: Study I evaluated a web-based ECG learning resource at the clinical internal medicine course in the medical programme. In a non-randomised study with an interventional arm and a control arm 62% of the students in the intervention group used the resource. The users ranked the ECG learning resource as a useful instrument to learn ECG. An optional ECG diagnostic test was performed with students from both the interventional and the control group. The mean result was better in the interventional than in the control group (p = 0.03). The intervention group improved learning with an effect size of 0.65 (Cohen's da). Study II was a case-control study that investigated whether students´ learning styles influenced the decision to use or not to use the web-based ECG learning resource during a pre-clinical course in diagnostic methods. Fifty-five students (59%) were users of the web-based learning resource. We found no evidence to support that learning styles influenced the students´ choices to use the web-based ECG-learning resource. Study III further explored why medical students chose to use or not to use the web-based resource in a blended-learning setting. In a mixed-methods study we explored medical students' rationales for this choice. The web-based ECG learning resource contributed to student learning based on principles of self-regulated learning, in which students made their decisions based on a multitude of factor

Investigating the heart with an electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important, frequent and noninvasive investigation. Failure to correctly interpret the ECG may harm the patient. Learning to interpret ECGs is difficult for many medical students. Students and teachers have asked for more training, but this is difficult to provide in traditional educational settings. A web-based learning resource could be useful and this thesis aimed to explore the utility and usage of a web-based ECG resource for medical students in a blended-learning setting. Methods and result: Study I evaluated a web-based ECG learning resource at the clinical internal medicine course in the medical programme. In a non-randomised study with an interventional arm and a control arm 62% of the students in the intervention group used the resource. The users ranked the ECG learning resource as a useful instrument to learn ECG. An optional ECG diagnostic test was performed with students from both the interventional and the control group. The mean result was better in the interventional than in the control group (p = 0.03). The intervention group improved learning with an effect size of 0.65 (Cohen's da). Study II was a case-control study that investigated whether students´ learning styles influenced the decision to use or not to use the web-based ECG learning resource during a pre-clinical course in diagnostic methods. Fifty-five students (59%) were users of the web-based learning resource. We found no evidence to support that learning styles influenced the students´ choices to use the web-based ECG-learning resource. Study III further explored why medical students chose to use or not to use the web-based resource in a blended-learning setting. In a mixed-methods study we explored medical students' rationales for this choice. The web-based ECG learning resource contributed to student learning based on principles of self-regulated learning, in which students made their decisions based on a multitude of factor

Investigating the heart with an electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important, frequent and noninvasive investigation. Failure to correctly interpret the ECG may harm the patient. Learning to interpret ECGs is difficult for many medical students. Students and teachers have asked for more training, but this is difficult to provide in traditional educational settings. A web-based learning resource could be useful and this thesis aimed to explore the utility and usage of a web-based ECG resource for medical students in a blended-learning setting. Methods and result: Study I evaluated a web-based ECG learning resource at the clinical internal medicine course in the medical programme. In a non-randomised study with an interventional arm and a control arm 62% of the students in the intervention group used the resource. The users ranked the ECG learning resource as a useful instrument to learn ECG. An optional ECG diagnostic test was performed with students from both the interventional and the control group. The mean result was better in the interventional than in the control group (p = 0.03). The intervention group improved learning with an effect size of 0.65 (Cohen's da). Study II was a case-control study that investigated whether students´ learning styles influenced the decision to use or not to use the web-based ECG learning resource during a pre-clinical course in diagnostic methods. Fifty-five students (59%) were users of the web-based learning resource. We found no evidence to support that learning styles influenced the students´ choices to use the web-based ECG-learning resource. Study III further explored why medical students chose to use or not to use the web-based resource in a blended-learning setting. In a mixed-methods study we explored medical students' rationales for this choice. The web-based ECG learning resource contributed to student learning based on principles of self-regulated learning, in which students made their decisions based on a multitude of factor

This article provides the first in-depth scholarly analysis of the collection of notes dated February and April 1945 colloquially known as ?Hitler?s political testament?. This article uses sources from private and public archives in several countries to assess this issue of authenticity and concludes that these notes are most likely forgeries. The purported history of these documents cannot be trusted, the dating of several of the notes has clearly been manipulated, and the published text contain statements that cannot be authentic. The original notes were allegedly destroyed, which means that the published versions cannot be checked for accuracy. Until these notes have been conclusively proven to be genuine ? something that is very hard to do without access to the original documents ? historians should refrain from using them.

The post-Cold War era has led to a proliferation of scholarship on U.S. policy toward four neutral European countries—Austria, Finland, Switzerland, and Sweden—during the Cold War. This article provides a survey of the latest literature on U.S. policy toward these four countries as well as general comments about the U.S. government's approach to European neutrality from 1945 to 1991.

This article provides the first in-depth scholarly analysis of the collection of notes dated February and April 1945 colloquially known as ?Hitler?s political testament?. This article uses sources from private and public archives in several countries to assess this issue of authenticity and concludes that these notes are most likely forgeries. The purported history of these documents cannot be trusted, the dating of several of the notes has clearly been manipulated, and the published text contain statements that cannot be authentic. The original notes were allegedly destroyed, which means that the published versions cannot be checked for accuracy. Until these notes have been conclusively proven to be genuine ? something that is very hard to do without access to the original documents ? historians should refrain from using them.

This article provides the first in-depth scholarly analysis of the collection of notes dated February and April 1945 colloquially known as ?Hitler?s political testament?. This article uses sources from private and public archives in several countries to assess this issue of authenticity and concludes that these notes are most likely forgeries. The purported history of these documents cannot be trusted, the dating of several of the notes has clearly been manipulated, and the published text contain statements that cannot be authentic. The original notes were allegedly destroyed, which means that the published versions cannot be checked for accuracy. Until these notes have been conclusively proven to be genuine ? something that is very hard to do without access to the original documents ? historians should refrain from using them.

Background: Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is a core competence and can make a significant difference to patient outcomes. However, ECG interpretation is a complex skill to learn, and research has showed that students often lack enough competence. Web-based learning has been shown to be effective. However, little is known regarding why and how students use Web-based learning when offered in a blended learning situation. Objective: The aim of this paper was to study students’ use of Web-based ECG learning resources which has not previously been studied in relation to study strategies. Methods: A qualitative explanatory design using mixed methods was adopted to explore how medical students reason around their choice to use or not to use a Web-based ECG learning resource. Overall, 15 of 33 undergraduate medical students attending a course in clinical medicine were interviewed. Data on usage of the resource were obtained via the learning management system for all students. At the final examination, all the students answered a questionnaire on study strategies and questions about internet access and estimated their own skills in ECG interpretation. Furthermore, study strategies and use patterns were correlated with results from an ECG Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and a written course examination. Results: In total, 2 themes were central in the students’ reasoning about usage of Web-based ECG: assessment of learning needs and planning according to learning goals. Reasons for using the Web resource were to train in skills, regarding it as a valuable complement to books and lectures. The main reasons for not using the resource were believing they already had good enough skills and a lack of awareness of its availability. Usage data showed that 21 students (63%) used the Web resource. Of these, 11 were minimal users and 10 were major users based on usage activity. Large variations were found in the time spent in different functional parts of the r

The psychological aspects of sports is crucial for performance and important for sustaining good mental health. Despite this, efforts to improve those aspects are surprisingly rare and partly due to stigmatization of help-seeking together with lack of time and economic resources. However, in recent decades much research on internet-based interventions have been conducted. Also, a growing body of empirical support for the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment approach (MAC) related to enhancement in performance and mental health in sports has emerged. This study was the first to explore the effects of internet-based MAC, which was conducted with the digital self-care programme ACTSPORT with or without feedback. Of 193 participants (aged 18 - 71, from 40 different sports on a variety of levels) who were randomly assigned to feedback, non-feedback and waitlist group, 125 completed the study. The results showed that participants who completed ACTSPORT with feedback experienced significantly enhanced performance, reduced performance anxiety and improved mental health, which included higher quality of life and less symptoms of depression. These improvements were predicted by significant improvements in acceptance and dispositional mindfulness. A larger effect was found for participants with feedback which indicated that some support is preferable. In conclusion, the present study indicate that internet-based interventions in sport may be effective, time-saving, cost-effective, flexible and available means for both enhancement in performance and aspects of mental health., De psykologiska faktorerna inom idrott är avgörande för prestation och viktiga för att upprätthålla god mental hälsa. Trots detta är ansträngningar för att förbättra dessa faktorer förvånansvärt sällsynta. Det beror bland annat på att det råder ett stigma kring att söka hjälp samt brist på tid och ekonomiska resurser. De senaste decennierna har det genomförts en stor mängd forskning på internetbaserade interventioner. Dessutom har Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment approach (MAC) fått en ökad mängd empiriskt stöd gällande förbättring i prestation och mental hälsa inom idrott. Föreliggande studie är den första i sitt slag att undersöka effekten av internetbaserad MAC, vilken genomfördes med det digitala självhjälpsprogrammet ACTSPORT med eller utan feedback. Av 193 deltagare (ålder 18 - 71, i 40 olika sporter på alla nivåer) som randomiserades till tre grupper med feedback, utan feedback eller väntelista, fullföljde 125 deltagare studien. Resultaten visade att deltagare som fullföljde ACTSPORT med feedback upplevde signifikant förbättrad prestation, minskad prestationsångest såväl som förbättrad mental hälsa vilket inkluderade högre livskvalité och minskade depressionssymtom. Detta visade sig kunna prediceras av signifikanta förbättringar i acceptans och dispositionell mindfulness. En större effekt sågs för deltagarna i gruppen med feedback vilket indikerade att ett visst stöd är fördelaktigt. Slutsatser från studien är att internetbaserade interventioner inom idrott kan vara effektiva, tidsbesparande, kostnadseffektiva, flexibla och tillgängliga medel för att både öka prestation och aspekter av mental hälsa.

This article provides the first in-depth scholarly analysis of the collection of notes dated February and April 1945 colloquially known as ?Hitler?s political testament?. This article uses sources from private and public archives in several countries to assess this issue of authenticity and concludes that these notes are most likely forgeries. The purported history of these documents cannot be trusted, the dating of several of the notes has clearly been manipulated, and the published text contain statements that cannot be authentic. The original notes were allegedly destroyed, which means that the published versions cannot be checked for accuracy. Until these notes have been conclusively proven to be genuine ? something that is very hard to do without access to the original documents ? historians should refrain from using them.

This article provides the first in-depth scholarly analysis of the collection of notes dated February and April 1945 colloquially known as ?Hitler?s political testament?. This article uses sources from private and public archives in several countries to assess this issue of authenticity and concludes that these notes are most likely forgeries. The purported history of these documents cannot be trusted, the dating of several of the notes has clearly been manipulated, and the published text contain statements that cannot be authentic. The original notes were allegedly destroyed, which means that the published versions cannot be checked for accuracy. Until these notes have been conclusively proven to be genuine ? something that is very hard to do without access to the original documents ? historians should refrain from using them.

Formulating the multi object tracking problem as a network flow optimization problem is a popular choice. In this paper an efficient way of learning the weights of such a network is presented. It separates the problem into one embedding of feasible solutions into a one dimensional feature space and one optimization problem. The embedding can be learned using standard SGD type optimization without relying on an additional optimizations within each step. Training data is produced by performing small perturbations of ground truth tracks and representing them using generalized graph differences, which is an efficient way introduced to represent the difference between two graphs. The proposed method is evaluated on DukeMTMCT with competitive results.

The psychological aspects of sports is crucial for performance and important for sustaining good mental health. Despite this, efforts to improve those aspects are surprisingly rare and partly due to stigmatization of help-seeking together with lack of time and economic resources. However, in recent decades much research on internet-based interventions have been conducted. Also, a growing body of empirical support for the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment approach (MAC) related to enhancement in performance and mental health in sports has emerged. This study was the first to explore the effects of internet-based MAC, which was conducted with the digital self-care programme ACTSPORT with or without feedback. Of 193 participants (aged 18 - 71, from 40 different sports on a variety of levels) who were randomly assigned to feedback, non-feedback and waitlist group, 125 completed the study. The results showed that participants who completed ACTSPORT with feedback experienced significantly enhanced performance, reduced performance anxiety and improved mental health, which included higher quality of life and less symptoms of depression. These improvements were predicted by significant improvements in acceptance and dispositional mindfulness. A larger effect was found for participants with feedback which indicated that some support is preferable. In conclusion, the present study indicate that internet-based interventions in sport may be effective, time-saving, cost-effective, flexible and available means for both enhancement in performance and aspects of mental health., De psykologiska faktorerna inom idrott är avgörande för prestation och viktiga för att upprätthålla god mental hälsa. Trots detta är ansträngningar för att förbättra dessa faktorer förvånansvärt sällsynta. Det beror bland annat på att det råder ett stigma kring att söka hjälp samt brist på tid och ekonomiska resurser. De senaste decennierna har det genomförts en stor mängd forskning på internetbaserade interventioner. Dessutom har Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment approach (MAC) fått en ökad mängd empiriskt stöd gällande förbättring i prestation och mental hälsa inom idrott. Föreliggande studie är den första i sitt slag att undersöka effekten av internetbaserad MAC, vilken genomfördes med det digitala självhjälpsprogrammet ACTSPORT med eller utan feedback. Av 193 deltagare (ålder 18 - 71, i 40 olika sporter på alla nivåer) som randomiserades till tre grupper med feedback, utan feedback eller väntelista, fullföljde 125 deltagare studien. Resultaten visade att deltagare som fullföljde ACTSPORT med feedback upplevde signifikant förbättrad prestation, minskad prestationsångest såväl som förbättrad mental hälsa vilket inkluderade högre livskvalité och minskade depressionssymtom. Detta visade sig kunna prediceras av signifikanta förbättringar i acceptans och dispositionell mindfulness. En större effekt sågs för deltagarna i gruppen med feedback vilket indikerade att ett visst stöd är fördelaktigt. Slutsatser från studien är att internetbaserade interventioner inom idrott kan vara effektiva, tidsbesparande, kostnadseffektiva, flexibla och tillgängliga medel för att både öka prestation och aspekter av mental hälsa.

BACKGROUND: Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is a core competence and can make a significant difference to patient outcomes. However, ECG interpretation is a complex skill to learn, and research has showed that students often lack enough competence. Web-based learning has been shown to be effective. However, little is known regarding why and how students use Web-based learning when offered in a blended learning situation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to study students' use of Web-based ECG learning resources which has not previously been studied in relation to study strategies. METHODS: A qualitative explanatory design using mixed methods was adopted to explore how medical students reason around their choice to use or not to use a Web-based ECG learning resource. Overall, 15 of 33 undergraduate medical students attending a course in clinical medicine were interviewed. Data on usage of the resource were obtained via the learning management system for all students. At the final examination, all the students answered a questionnaire on study strategies and questions about internet access and estimated their own skills in ECG interpretation. Furthermore, study strategies and use patterns were correlated with results from an ECG Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and a written course examination. RESULTS: In total, 2 themes were central in the students' reasoning about usage of Web-based ECG: assessment of learning needs and planning according to learning goals. Reasons for using the Web resource were to train in skills, regarding it as a valuable complement to books and lectures. The main reasons for not using the resource were believing they already had good enough skills and a lack of awareness of its availability. Usage data showed that 21 students (63%) used the Web resource. Of these, 11 were minimal users and 10 were major users based on usage activity. Large variations were found in the time spent in different functional parts of the r

Investigating the heart with an electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important, frequent and noninvasive investigation. Failure to correctly interpret the ECG may harm the patient. Learning to interpret ECGs is difficult for many medical students. Students and teachers have asked for more training, but this is difficult to provide in traditional educational settings. A web-based learning resource could be useful and this thesis aimed to explore the utility and usage of a web-based ECG resource for medical students in a blended-learning setting. Methods and result: Study I evaluated a web-based ECG learning resource at the clinical internal medicine course in the medical programme. In a non-randomised study with an interventional arm and a control arm 62% of the students in the intervention group used the resource. The users ranked the ECG learning resource as a useful instrument to learn ECG. An optional ECG diagnostic test was performed with students from both the interventional and the control group. The mean result was better in the interventional than in the control group (p = 0.03). The intervention group improved learning with an effect size of 0.65 (Cohen's da). Study II was a case-control study that investigated whether students´ learning styles influenced the decision to use or not to use the web-based ECG learning resource during a pre-clinical course in diagnostic methods. Fifty-five students (59%) were users of the web-based learning resource. We found no evidence to support that learning styles influenced the students´ choices to use the web-based ECG-learning resource. Study III further explored why medical students chose to use or not to use the web-based resource in a blended-learning setting. In a mixed-methods study we explored medical students' rationales for this choice. The web-based ECG learning resource contributed to student learning based on principles of self-regulated learning, in which students made their decisions based on a multitude of factor

Investigating the heart with an electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important, frequent and noninvasive investigation. Failure to correctly interpret the ECG may harm the patient. Learning to interpret ECGs is difficult for many medical students. Students and teachers have asked for more training, but this is difficult to provide in traditional educational settings. A web-based learning resource could be useful and this thesis aimed to explore the utility and usage of a web-based ECG resource for medical students in a blended-learning setting. Methods and result: Study I evaluated a web-based ECG learning resource at the clinical internal medicine course in the medical programme. In a non-randomised study with an interventional arm and a control arm 62% of the students in the intervention group used the resource. The users ranked the ECG learning resource as a useful instrument to learn ECG. An optional ECG diagnostic test was performed with students from both the interventional and the control group. The mean result was better in the interventional than in the control group (p = 0.03). The intervention group improved learning with an effect size of 0.65 (Cohen's da). Study II was a case-control study that investigated whether students´ learning styles influenced the decision to use or not to use the web-based ECG learning resource during a pre-clinical course in diagnostic methods. Fifty-five students (59%) were users of the web-based learning resource. We found no evidence to support that learning styles influenced the students´ choices to use the web-based ECG-learning resource. Study III further explored why medical students chose to use or not to use the web-based resource in a blended-learning setting. In a mixed-methods study we explored medical students' rationales for this choice. The web-based ECG learning resource contributed to student learning based on principles of self-regulated learning, in which students made their decisions based on a multitude of factor

Investigating the heart with an electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important, frequent and noninvasive investigation. Failure to correctly interpret the ECG may harm the patient. Learning to interpret ECGs is difficult for many medical students. Students and teachers have asked for more training, but this is difficult to provide in traditional educational settings. A web-based learning resource could be useful and this thesis aimed to explore the utility and usage of a web-based ECG resource for medical students in a blended-learning setting. Methods and result: Study I evaluated a web-based ECG learning resource at the clinical internal medicine course in the medical programme. In a non-randomised study with an interventional arm and a control arm 62% of the students in the intervention group used the resource. The users ranked the ECG learning resource as a useful instrument to learn ECG. An optional ECG diagnostic test was performed with students from both the interventional and the control group. The mean result was better in the interventional than in the control group (p = 0.03). The intervention group improved learning with an effect size of 0.65 (Cohen's da). Study II was a case-control study that investigated whether students´ learning styles influenced the decision to use or not to use the web-based ECG learning resource during a pre-clinical course in diagnostic methods. Fifty-five students (59%) were users of the web-based learning resource. We found no evidence to support that learning styles influenced the students´ choices to use the web-based ECG-learning resource. Study III further explored why medical students chose to use or not to use the web-based resource in a blended-learning setting. In a mixed-methods study we explored medical students' rationales for this choice. The web-based ECG learning resource contributed to student learning based on principles of self-regulated learning, in which students made their decisions based on a multitude of factor

Investigating the heart with an electrocardiogram (ECG) is an important, frequent and noninvasive investigation. Failure to correctly interpret the ECG may harm the patient. Learning to interpret ECGs is difficult for many medical students. Students and teachers have asked for more training, but this is difficult to provide in traditional educational settings. A web-based learning resource could be useful and this thesis aimed to explore the utility and usage of a web-based ECG resource for medical students in a blended-learning setting. Methods and result: Study I evaluated a web-based ECG learning resource at the clinical internal medicine course in the medical programme. In a non-randomised study with an interventional arm and a control arm 62% of the students in the intervention group used the resource. The users ranked the ECG learning resource as a useful instrument to learn ECG. An optional ECG diagnostic test was performed with students from both the interventional and the control group. The mean result was better in the interventional than in the control group (p = 0.03). The intervention group improved learning with an effect size of 0.65 (Cohen's da). Study II was a case-control study that investigated whether students´ learning styles influenced the decision to use or not to use the web-based ECG learning resource during a pre-clinical course in diagnostic methods. Fifty-five students (59%) were users of the web-based learning resource. We found no evidence to support that learning styles influenced the students´ choices to use the web-based ECG-learning resource. Study III further explored why medical students chose to use or not to use the web-based resource in a blended-learning setting. In a mixed-methods study we explored medical students' rationales for this choice. The web-based ECG learning resource contributed to student learning based on principles of self-regulated learning, in which students made their decisions based on a multitude of factor

PUREX (Plutonium Uranium Reduction Extraction) is one of the most commonly used, and perhaps most studied solvent extraction (SX) process for the recycling of uranium and plutonium from spent nuclear fuel. This process employs tributyl phosphate (TBP) as its extracting agent which facilitates the transfer of metal ions from the aqueous phase into the organic solvent by forming complexes around the metal ions. However, the metal extraction mechanism and phase separation involve many molecular level events, including third phase formation, that are not well understood. This research utilizes atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in conjunction with experimental work to elucidate molecular-level processes involved in a SX system. A major part of this research project is dedicated to the optimization and validation of the force fields for the species that are present in the SX system. Utilizing the optimized force fields for each species for MD studies, in conjunction with experimental works, we gain new insights into the conformational behaviors of the TBP molecule in its bulk liquid as well as in n-dodecane solution. We also report, for the first time, the dimerization and trimerization constants of TBP in several n-alkane diluents via both MD and FTIR studies.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the current knowledge on oral health status and dental care of older persons through a systematic mapping of systematic reviews of low or moderate risk of bias. BACKGROUND: Geriatric dentistry covers all aspects of oral health and oral care of older persons. Oral health is part of general health and contributes to a person's physical, psychological and social wellbeing. METHODS: A literature search was performed in three different databases (PubMed, The Cochrane Library and Cinahl) within 12 domains: Dental caries, periodontitis, Orofacial pain and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, mucosal lesions, oral motor function, dry mouth, halitosis, interaction between oral status and other medical conditions, ability to interrelate and communicate, quality of life, ethics and organisation of dental care for older persons. Systematic reviews were identified and scrutinised, highlighting scientific knowledge and knowledge gaps. RESULTS: We included 32 systematic reviews of which 14 were judged to be of low/moderate risk of bias. Most of the domains lack systematic reviews with low or moderate risk of bias. In two of the domains evidence was identified; in institutionalised people aged 65 or older, effective oral hygiene can prevent pneumonia. Furthermore, there is an evidence of a relationship between malnutrition (protein energy-related malnutrition, PEM) and poor appetite and edentulousness. CONCLUSIONS: There is an urgent need for further research and evidence-based knowledge within most domains in geriatric dentistry and in other fields related to oral health and dental care for older persons striving for multi-disciplinary research programmes.

After the sub-prime mortgage crisis of 2007 and global crisis of 2008, credit risk analysis has becomes more important than ever before. This paper conducts the credit risk analysis and compares classification performances among different algorithms (logistic regression, support vector machine, decision tree, multilayer perception, probabilistic neural network, Deep Learning) by using a large peer-to-peer lending dataset composed of a million observations. The findings show that Support vector machine (SVM) provides the most accurate performance, followed by decision tree, logistic regression, multilayer perceptron neural network, probabilistic neural network and deep learning. The main contributions of this paper is the reapplication of machine learning techniques to an alternate dataset composed of significantly larger number of observations with deviating pattern from traditional bank loans. The findings from SVM and Decision tree are consistent with the previous literature. The results from logistic regression and MLP indicate that they are identical based on p2p dataset, which makes a contribution to the debate whether MLP out performs logistic regression. For PNN it is difficult to say if it properly accounts for the data imbalance due to the low performance of the model compared to the others. Deep learning performance is in contrast to previous work as it is the worst performing model comparing with other investigated techniques. This is potentially due to the simple approach to deep learning that this paper adopted and opens up the topic for future research.