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1. Global patterns and controls of nutrient immobilization on decomposing cellulose in riverine ecosystems

Author

Costello, D. M. (David M.), Tiegs, S. D. (Scott D.), Boyero, L. (Luz), Canhoto, C. (Cristina), Capps, K. A. (Krista A.), Danger, M. (Michael), Frost, P. C. (Paul C.), Gessner, M. O. (Mark O.), Griffiths, N. A. (Natalie A.), Halvorson, H. M. (Halvor M.), Kuehn, K. A. (Kevin A.), Marcarelli, A. M. (Amy M.), Royer, T. V. (Todd, V), Mathie, D. M. (Devan M.), Albarino, R. J. (Ricardo J.), Arango, C. P. (Clay P.), Aroviita, J. (Jukka), Baxter, C. V. (Colden, V), Bellinger, B. J. (Brent J.), Bruder, A. (Andreas), Burdon, F. J. (Francis J.), Callisto, M. (Marcos), Camacho, A. (Antonio), Colas, F. (Fanny), Cornut, J. (Julien), Crespo-Perez, V. (Veronica), Cross, W. F. (Wyatt F.), Derry, A. M. (Alison M.), Douglas, M. M. (Michael M.), Elosegi, A. (Arturo), Eyto, E. (Elvira), Ferreira, V. (Veronica), Ferriol, C. (Carmen), Fleituch, T. (Tadeusz), Shah, J. J. (Jennifer J. Follstad), Frainer, A. (Andre), Garcia, E. A. (Erica A.), Garcia, L. (Liliana), Garcia, P. E. (Pavel E.), Giling, D. P. (Darren P.), Gonzales-Pomar, R. K. (R. Karina), Graca, M. A. (Manuel A. S.), Grossart, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Guerold, F. (Francois), Hepp, L. U. (Luiz U.), Higgins, S. N. (Scott N.), Hishi, T. (Takuo), Iniguez-Armijos, C. (Carlos), Iwata, T. (Tomoya), Kirkwood, A. E. (Andrea E.), Koning, A. A. (Aaron A.), Kosten, S. (Sarian), Laudon, H. (Hjalmar), Leavitt, P. R. (Peter R.), Lemes da Silva, A. L. (Aurea L.), Leroux, S. J. (Shawn J.), LeRoy, C. J. (Carri J.), Lisi, P. J. (Peter J.), Masese, F. O. (Frank O.), McIntyre, P. B. (Peter B.), McKie, B. G. (Brendan G.), Medeiros, A. O. (Adriana O.), Milisa, M. (Marko), Miyake, Y. (Yo), Mooney, R. J. (Robert J.), Muotka, T. (Timo), Nimptsch, J. (Jorge), Paavola, R. (Riku), Pardo, I. (Isabel), Parnikoza, I. Y. (Ivan Y.), Patrick, C. J. (Christopher J.), Peeters, E. T. (Edwin T. H. M.), Pozo, J. (Jesus), Reid, B. (Brian), Richardson, J. S. (John S.), Rincon, J. (Jose), Risnoveanu, G. (Geta), Robinson, C. T. (Christopher T.), Santamans, A. C. (Anna C.), Simiyu, G. M. (Gelas M.), Skuja, A. (Agnija), Smykla, J. (Jerzy), Sponseller, R. A. (Ryan A.), Teixeira-de Mello, F. (Franco), Vilbaste, S. (Sirje), Villanueva, V. D. (Veronica D.), Webster, J. R. (Jackson R.), Woelfl, S. (Stefan), Xenopoulos, M. A. (Marguerite A.), Yates, A. G. (Adam G.), Yule, C. M. (Catherine M.), Zhang, Y. (Yixin), Zwart, J. A. (Jacob A.), Costello, D. M. (David M.), Tiegs, S. D. (Scott D.), Boyero, L. (Luz), Canhoto, C. (Cristina), Capps, K. A. (Krista A.), Danger, M. (Michael), Frost, P. C. (Paul C.), Gessner, M. O. (Mark O.), Griffiths, N. A. (Natalie A.), Halvorson, H. M. (Halvor M.), Kuehn, K. A. (Kevin A.), Marcarelli, A. M. (Amy M.), Royer, T. V. (Todd, V), Mathie, D. M. (Devan M.), Albarino, R. J. (Ricardo J.), Arango, C. P. (Clay P.), Aroviita, J. (Jukka), Baxter, C. V. (Colden, V), Bellinger, B. J. (Brent J.), Bruder, A. (Andreas), Burdon, F. J. (Francis J.), Callisto, M. (Marcos), Camacho, A. (Antonio), Colas, F. (Fanny), Cornut, J. (Julien), Crespo-Perez, V. (Veronica), Cross, W. F. (Wyatt F.), Derry, A. M. (Alison M.), Douglas, M. M. (Michael M.), Elosegi, A. (Arturo), Eyto, E. (Elvira), Ferreira, V. (Veronica), Ferriol, C. (Carmen), Fleituch, T. (Tadeusz), Shah, J. J. (Jennifer J. Follstad), Frainer, A. (Andre), Garcia, E. A. (Erica A.), Garcia, L. (Liliana), Garcia, P. E. (Pavel E.), Giling, D. P. (Darren P.), Gonzales-Pomar, R. K. (R. Karina), Graca, M. A. (Manuel A. S.), Grossart, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Guerold, F. (Francois), Hepp, L. U. (Luiz U.), Higgins, S. N. (Scott N.), Hishi, T. (Takuo), Iniguez-Armijos, C. (Carlos), Iwata, T. (Tomoya), Kirkwood, A. E. (Andrea E.), Koning, A. A. (Aaron A.), Kosten, S. (Sarian), Laudon, H. (Hjalmar), Leavitt, P. R. (Peter R.), Lemes da Silva, A. L. (Aurea L.), Leroux, S. J. (Shawn J.), LeRoy, C. J. (Carri J.), Lisi, P. J. (Peter J.), Masese, F. O. (Frank O.), McIntyre, P. B. (Peter B.), McKie, B. G. (Brendan G.), Medeiros, A. O. (Adriana O.), Milisa, M. (Marko), Miyake, Y. (Yo), Mooney, R. J. (Robert J.), Muotka, T. (Timo), Nimptsch, J. (Jorge), Paavola, R. (Riku), Pardo, I. (Isabel), Parnikoza, I. Y. (Ivan Y.), Patrick, C. J. (Christopher J.), Peeters, E. T. (Edwin T. H. M.), Pozo, J. (Jesus), Reid, B. (Brian), Richardson, J. S. (John S.), Rincon, J. (Jose), Risnoveanu, G. (Geta), Robinson, C. T. (Christopher T.), Santamans, A. C. (Anna C.), Simiyu, G. M. (Gelas M.), Skuja, A. (Agnija), Smykla, J. (Jerzy), Sponseller, R. A. (Ryan A.), Teixeira-de Mello, F. (Franco), Vilbaste, S. (Sirje), Villanueva, V. D. (Veronica D.), Webster, J. R. (Jackson R.), Woelfl, S. (Stefan), Xenopoulos, M. A. (Marguerite A.), Yates, A. G. (Adam G.), Yule, C. M. (Catherine M.), Zhang, Y. (Yixin), and Zwart, J. A. (Jacob A.)

Abstract

Microbes play a critical role in plant litter decomposition and influence the fate of carbon in rivers and riparian zones. When decomposing low-nutrient plant litter, microbes acquire nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from the environment (i.e., nutrient immobilization), and this process is potentially sensitive to nutrient loading and changing climate. Nonetheless, environmental controls on immobilization are poorly understood because rates are also influenced by plant litter chemistry, which is coupled to the same environmental factors. Here we used a standardized, low-nutrient organic matter substrate (cotton strips) to quantify nutrient immobilization at 100 paired stream and riparian sites representing 11 biomes worldwide. Immobilization rates varied by three orders of magnitude, were greater in rivers than riparian zones, and were strongly correlated to decomposition rates. In rivers, P immobilization rates were controlled by surface water phosphate concentrations, but N immobilization rates were not related to inorganic N. The N:P of immobilized nutrients was tightly constrained to a molar ratio of 10:1 despite wide variation in surface water N:P. Immobilization rates were temperature-dependent in riparian zones but not related to temperature in rivers. However, in rivers nutrient supply ultimately controlled whether microbes could achieve the maximum expected decomposition rate at a given temperature. Collectively, we demonstrated that exogenous nutrient supply and immobilization are critical control points for decomposition of organic matter.

Published
2022

2. Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

Author

Tiegs, SD, Costello, DM, Isken, MW, Woodward, G, McIntyre, PB, Gessner, MO, Chauvet, E, Griffiths, NA, Flecker, AS, Acuna, V, Albarino, R, Allen, DC, Alonso, C, Andino, P, Arango, C, Aroviita, J, Barbosa, MVM, Barmuta, LA, Baxter, CV, Bell, TDC, Bellinger, B, Boyero, L, Brown, LE, Bruder, A, Bruesewitz, DA, Burdon, FJ, Callisto, M, Canhoto, C, Capps, KA, Castillo, MM, Clapcott, J, Colas, F, Colon-Gaud, C, Cornut, J, Crespo-Perez, V, Cross, WF, Culp, JM, Danger, M, Dangles, O, de Eyto, E, Derry, AM, Diaz Villanueva, V, Douglas, MM, Elosegi, A, Encalada, AC, Entrekin, S, Espinosa, R, Ethaiya, D, Ferreira, V, Ferriol, C, Flanagan, KM, Fleituch, T, Shah, JJF, Frainer, A, Friberg, N, Frost, PC, Garcia, EA, Lago, LG, Garcia Soto, PE, Ghate, S, Giling, DP, Gilmer, A, Goncalves, JF, Gonzales, RK, Graca, MAS, Grace, M, Grossart, H-P, Guerold, F, Gulis, V, Hepp, LU, Higgins, S, Hishi, T, Huddart, J, Hudson, J, Imberger, S, Iniguez-Armijos, C, Iwata, T, Janetski, DJ, Jennings, E, Kirkwood, AE, Koning, AA, Kosten, S, Kuehn, KA, Laudon, H, Leavitt, PR, Lemes da Silva, AL, Leroux, SJ, Leroy, CJ, Lisi, PJ, MacKenzie, R, Marcarelli, AM, Masese, FO, Mckie, BG, Oliveira Medeiros, A, Meissner, K, Milisa, M, Mishra, S, Miyake, Y, Moerke, A, Mombrikotb, S, Mooney, R, Moulton, T, Muotka, T, Negishi, JN, Neres-Lima, V, Nieminen, ML, Nimptsch, J, Ondruch, J, Paavola, R, Pardo, I, Patrick, CJ, Peeters, ETHM, Pozo, J, Pringle, C, Prussian, A, Quenta, E, Quesada, A, Reid, B, Richardson, JS, Rigosi, A, Rincon, J, Risnoveanu, G, Robinson, CT, Rodriguez-Gallego, L, Royer, TV, Rusak, JA, Santamans, AC, Selmeczy, GB, Simiyu, G, Skuja, A, Smykla, J, Sridhar, KR, Sponseller, R, Stoler, A, Swan, CM, Szlag, D, Teixeira-de Mello, F, Tonkin, JD, Uusheimo, S, Veach, AM, Vilbaste, S, Vought, LBM, Wang, C-P, Webster, JR, Wilson, PB, Woelfl, S, Xenopoulos, MA, Yates, AG, Yoshimura, C, Yule, CM, Zhang, YX, Zwart, JA, Tiegs, SD, Costello, DM, Isken, MW, Woodward, G, McIntyre, PB, Gessner, MO, Chauvet, E, Griffiths, NA, Flecker, AS, Acuna, V, Albarino, R, Allen, DC, Alonso, C, Andino, P, Arango, C, Aroviita, J, Barbosa, MVM, Barmuta, LA, Baxter, CV, Bell, TDC, Bellinger, B, Boyero, L, Brown, LE, Bruder, A, Bruesewitz, DA, Burdon, FJ, Callisto, M, Canhoto, C, Capps, KA, Castillo, MM, Clapcott, J, Colas, F, Colon-Gaud, C, Cornut, J, Crespo-Perez, V, Cross, WF, Culp, JM, Danger, M, Dangles, O, de Eyto, E, Derry, AM, Diaz Villanueva, V, Douglas, MM, Elosegi, A, Encalada, AC, Entrekin, S, Espinosa, R, Ethaiya, D, Ferreira, V, Ferriol, C, Flanagan, KM, Fleituch, T, Shah, JJF, Frainer, A, Friberg, N, Frost, PC, Garcia, EA, Lago, LG, Garcia Soto, PE, Ghate, S, Giling, DP, Gilmer, A, Goncalves, JF, Gonzales, RK, Graca, MAS, Grace, M, Grossart, H-P, Guerold, F, Gulis, V, Hepp, LU, Higgins, S, Hishi, T, Huddart, J, Hudson, J, Imberger, S, Iniguez-Armijos, C, Iwata, T, Janetski, DJ, Jennings, E, Kirkwood, AE, Koning, AA, Kosten, S, Kuehn, KA, Laudon, H, Leavitt, PR, Lemes da Silva, AL, Leroux, SJ, Leroy, CJ, Lisi, PJ, MacKenzie, R, Marcarelli, AM, Masese, FO, Mckie, BG, Oliveira Medeiros, A, Meissner, K, Milisa, M, Mishra, S, Miyake, Y, Moerke, A, Mombrikotb, S, Mooney, R, Moulton, T, Muotka, T, Negishi, JN, Neres-Lima, V, Nieminen, ML, Nimptsch, J, Ondruch, J, Paavola, R, Pardo, I, Patrick, CJ, Peeters, ETHM, Pozo, J, Pringle, C, Prussian, A, Quenta, E, Quesada, A, Reid, B, Richardson, JS, Rigosi, A, Rincon, J, Risnoveanu, G, Robinson, CT, Rodriguez-Gallego, L, Royer, TV, Rusak, JA, Santamans, AC, Selmeczy, GB, Simiyu, G, Skuja, A, Smykla, J, Sridhar, KR, Sponseller, R, Stoler, A, Swan, CM, Szlag, D, Teixeira-de Mello, F, Tonkin, JD, Uusheimo, S, Veach, AM, Vilbaste, S, Vought, LBM, Wang, C-P, Webster, JR, Wilson, PB, Woelfl, S, Xenopoulos, MA, Yates, AG, Yoshimura, C, Yule, CM, Zhang, YX, and Zwart, JA

Abstract

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.

Published
2019

3. Global patterns and drivers of ecosystem functioning in rivers and riparian zones

Author

Tiegs, S. D. (Scott D.), Costello, D. M. (David M.), Isken, M. W. (Mark W.), Woodward, G. (Guy), McIntyre, P. B. (Peter B.), Gessner, M. O. (Mark O.), Chauvet, E. (Eric), Griffiths, N. A. (Natalie A.), Flecker, A. S. (Alex S.), Acuna, V. (Vicenc), Albarino, R. (Ricardo), Allen, D. C. (Daniel C.), Alonso, C. (Cecilia), Andino, P. (Patricio), Arango, C. (Clay), Aroviita, J. (Jukka), Barbosa, M. V. (Marcus V. M.), Barmuta, L. A. (Leon A.), Baxter, C. V. (Colden V.), Bell, T. D. (Thomas D. C.), Bellinger, B. (Brent), Boyero, L. (Luz), Brown, L. E. (Lee E.), Bruder, A. (Andreas), Bruesewitz, D. A. (Denise A.), Burdon, F. J. (Francis J.), Callisto, M. (Marcos), Canhoto, C. (Cristina), Capps, K. A. (Krista A.), Castillo, M. M. (Maria M.), Clapcott, J. (Joanne), Colas, F. (Fanny), Colon-Gaud, C. (Checo), Cornut, J. (Julien), Crespo-Perez, V. (Veronica), Cross, W. F. (Wyatt F.), Culp, J. M. (Joseph M.), Danger, M. (Michael), Dangles, O. (Olivier), de Eyto, E. (Elvira), Derry, A. M. (Alison M.), Diaz Villanueva, V. (Veronica), Douglas, M. M. (Michael M.), Elosegi, A. (Arturo), Encalada, A. C. (Andrea C.), Entrekin, S. (Sally), Espinosa, R. (Rodrigo), Ethaiya, D. (Diana), Ferreira, V. (Veronica), Ferriol, C. (Carmen), Flanagan, K. M. (Kyla M.), Fleituch, T. (Tadeusz), Shah, J. J. (Jennifer J. Follstad), Frainer, A. (Andre), Friberg, N. (Nikolai), Frost, P. C. (Paul C.), Garcia, E. A. (Erica A.), Lago, L. G. (Liliana Garcia), Garcia Soto, P. E. (Pavel Ernesto), Ghate, S. (Sudeep), Giling, D. P. (Darren P.), Gilmer, A. (Alan), Goncalves, J. F. (Jose Francisco, Jr.), Gonzales, R. K. (Rosario Karina), Graca, M. A. (Manuel A. S.), Grace, M. (Mike), Grossart, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Guerold, F. (Francois), Gulis, V. (Vlad), Hepp, L. U. (Luiz U.), Higgins, S. (Scott), Hishi, T. (Takuo), Huddart, J. (Joseph), Hudson, J. (John), Imberger, S. (Samantha), Iniguez-Armijos, C. (Carlos), Iwata, T. (Tomoya), Janetski, D. J. (David J.), Jennings, E. (Eleanor), Kirkwood, A. E. (Andrea E.), Koning, A. A. (Aaron A.), Kosten, S. (Sarian), Kuehn, K. A. (Kevin A.), Laudon, H. (Hjalmar), Leavitt, P. R. (Peter R.), Lemes da Silva, A. L. (Aurea L.), Leroux, S. J. (Shawn J.), Leroy, C. J. (Carri J.), Lisi, P. J. (Peter J.), MacKenzie, R. (Richard), Marcarelli, A. M. (Amy M.), Masese, F. O. (Frank O.), Mckie, B. G. (Brendan G.), Oliveira Medeiros, A. (Adriana), Meissner, K. (Kristian), Milisa, M. (Marko), Mishra, S. (Shailendra), Miyake, Y. (Yo), Moerke, A. (Ashley), Mombrikotb, S. (Shorok), Mooney, R. (Rob), Moulton, T. (Tim), Muotka, T. (Timo), Negishi, J. N. (Junjiro N.), Neres-Lima, V. (Vinicius), Nieminen, M. L. (Mika L.), Nimptsch, J. (Jorge), Ondruch, J. (Jakub), Paavola, R. (Riku), Pardo, I. (Isabel), Patrick, C. J. (Christopher J.), Peeters, E. T. (Edwin T. H. M.), Pozo, J. (Jesus), Pringle, C. (Catherine), Prussian, A. (Aaron), Quenta, E. (Estefania), Quesada, A. (Antonio), Reid, B. (Brian), Richardson, J. S. (John S.), Rigosi, A. (Anna), Rincon, J. (Jose), Risnoveanu, G. (Geta), Robinson, C. T. (Christopher T.), Rodriguez-Gallego, L. (Lorena), Royer, T. V. (Todd V.), Rusak, J. A. (James A.), Santamans, A. C. (Anna C.), Selmeczy, G. B. (Geza B.), Simiyu, G. (Gelas), Skuja, A. (Agnija), Smykla, J. (Jerzy), Sridhar, K. R. (Kandikere R.), Sponseller, R. (Ryan), Stoler, A. (Aaron), Swan, C. M. (Christopher M.), Szlag, D. (David), Teixeira-de Mello, F. (Franco), Tonkin, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Uusheimo, S. (Sari), Veach, A. M. (Allison M.), Vilbaste, S. (Sirje), Vought, L. B. (Lena B. M.), Wang, C.-P. (Chiao-Ping), Webster, J. R. (Jackson R.), Wilson, P. B. (Paul B.), Woelfl, S. (Stefan), Xenopoulos, M. A. (Marguerite A.), Yates, A. G. (Adam G.), Yoshimura, C. (Chihiro), Yule, C. M. (Catherine M.), Zhang, Y. X. (Yixin X.), Zwart, J. A. (Jacob A.), Tiegs, S. D. (Scott D.), Costello, D. M. (David M.), Isken, M. W. (Mark W.), Woodward, G. (Guy), McIntyre, P. B. (Peter B.), Gessner, M. O. (Mark O.), Chauvet, E. (Eric), Griffiths, N. A. (Natalie A.), Flecker, A. S. (Alex S.), Acuna, V. (Vicenc), Albarino, R. (Ricardo), Allen, D. C. (Daniel C.), Alonso, C. (Cecilia), Andino, P. (Patricio), Arango, C. (Clay), Aroviita, J. (Jukka), Barbosa, M. V. (Marcus V. M.), Barmuta, L. A. (Leon A.), Baxter, C. V. (Colden V.), Bell, T. D. (Thomas D. C.), Bellinger, B. (Brent), Boyero, L. (Luz), Brown, L. E. (Lee E.), Bruder, A. (Andreas), Bruesewitz, D. A. (Denise A.), Burdon, F. J. (Francis J.), Callisto, M. (Marcos), Canhoto, C. (Cristina), Capps, K. A. (Krista A.), Castillo, M. M. (Maria M.), Clapcott, J. (Joanne), Colas, F. (Fanny), Colon-Gaud, C. (Checo), Cornut, J. (Julien), Crespo-Perez, V. (Veronica), Cross, W. F. (Wyatt F.), Culp, J. M. (Joseph M.), Danger, M. (Michael), Dangles, O. (Olivier), de Eyto, E. (Elvira), Derry, A. M. (Alison M.), Diaz Villanueva, V. (Veronica), Douglas, M. M. (Michael M.), Elosegi, A. (Arturo), Encalada, A. C. (Andrea C.), Entrekin, S. (Sally), Espinosa, R. (Rodrigo), Ethaiya, D. (Diana), Ferreira, V. (Veronica), Ferriol, C. (Carmen), Flanagan, K. M. (Kyla M.), Fleituch, T. (Tadeusz), Shah, J. J. (Jennifer J. Follstad), Frainer, A. (Andre), Friberg, N. (Nikolai), Frost, P. C. (Paul C.), Garcia, E. A. (Erica A.), Lago, L. G. (Liliana Garcia), Garcia Soto, P. E. (Pavel Ernesto), Ghate, S. (Sudeep), Giling, D. P. (Darren P.), Gilmer, A. (Alan), Goncalves, J. F. (Jose Francisco, Jr.), Gonzales, R. K. (Rosario Karina), Graca, M. A. (Manuel A. S.), Grace, M. (Mike), Grossart, H.-P. (Hans-Peter), Guerold, F. (Francois), Gulis, V. (Vlad), Hepp, L. U. (Luiz U.), Higgins, S. (Scott), Hishi, T. (Takuo), Huddart, J. (Joseph), Hudson, J. (John), Imberger, S. (Samantha), Iniguez-Armijos, C. (Carlos), Iwata, T. (Tomoya), Janetski, D. J. (David J.), Jennings, E. (Eleanor), Kirkwood, A. E. (Andrea E.), Koning, A. A. (Aaron A.), Kosten, S. (Sarian), Kuehn, K. A. (Kevin A.), Laudon, H. (Hjalmar), Leavitt, P. R. (Peter R.), Lemes da Silva, A. L. (Aurea L.), Leroux, S. J. (Shawn J.), Leroy, C. J. (Carri J.), Lisi, P. J. (Peter J.), MacKenzie, R. (Richard), Marcarelli, A. M. (Amy M.), Masese, F. O. (Frank O.), Mckie, B. G. (Brendan G.), Oliveira Medeiros, A. (Adriana), Meissner, K. (Kristian), Milisa, M. (Marko), Mishra, S. (Shailendra), Miyake, Y. (Yo), Moerke, A. (Ashley), Mombrikotb, S. (Shorok), Mooney, R. (Rob), Moulton, T. (Tim), Muotka, T. (Timo), Negishi, J. N. (Junjiro N.), Neres-Lima, V. (Vinicius), Nieminen, M. L. (Mika L.), Nimptsch, J. (Jorge), Ondruch, J. (Jakub), Paavola, R. (Riku), Pardo, I. (Isabel), Patrick, C. J. (Christopher J.), Peeters, E. T. (Edwin T. H. M.), Pozo, J. (Jesus), Pringle, C. (Catherine), Prussian, A. (Aaron), Quenta, E. (Estefania), Quesada, A. (Antonio), Reid, B. (Brian), Richardson, J. S. (John S.), Rigosi, A. (Anna), Rincon, J. (Jose), Risnoveanu, G. (Geta), Robinson, C. T. (Christopher T.), Rodriguez-Gallego, L. (Lorena), Royer, T. V. (Todd V.), Rusak, J. A. (James A.), Santamans, A. C. (Anna C.), Selmeczy, G. B. (Geza B.), Simiyu, G. (Gelas), Skuja, A. (Agnija), Smykla, J. (Jerzy), Sridhar, K. R. (Kandikere R.), Sponseller, R. (Ryan), Stoler, A. (Aaron), Swan, C. M. (Christopher M.), Szlag, D. (David), Teixeira-de Mello, F. (Franco), Tonkin, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Uusheimo, S. (Sari), Veach, A. M. (Allison M.), Vilbaste, S. (Sirje), Vought, L. B. (Lena B. M.), Wang, C.-P. (Chiao-Ping), Webster, J. R. (Jackson R.), Wilson, P. B. (Paul B.), Woelfl, S. (Stefan), Xenopoulos, M. A. (Marguerite A.), Yates, A. G. (Adam G.), Yoshimura, C. (Chihiro), Yule, C. M. (Catherine M.), Zhang, Y. X. (Yixin X.), and Zwart, J. A. (Jacob A.)

Abstract

River ecosystems receive and process vast quantities of terrestrial organic carbon, the fate of which depends strongly on microbial activity. Variation in and controls of processing rates, however, are poorly characterized at the global scale. In response, we used a peer-sourced research network and a highly standardized carbon processing assay to conduct a global-scale field experiment in greater than 1000 river and riparian sites. We found that Earth’s biomes have distinct carbon processing signatures. Slow processing is evident across latitudes, whereas rapid rates are restricted to lower latitudes. Both the mean rate and variability decline with latitude, suggesting temperature constraints toward the poles and greater roles for other environmental drivers (e.g., nutrient loading) toward the equator. These results and data set the stage for unprecedented “next-generation biomonitoring” by establishing baselines to help quantify environmental impacts to the functioning of ecosystems at a global scale.

Published
2019

4. Land-based salmon aquacultures change the quality and bacterial degradation of riverine dissolved organic matter

Author

Kamjunke, Norbert, Nimptsch, J., Harir, M., Herzsprung, Peter, Schmitt-Kopplin, P., Neu, Thomas, Graeber, D., Osorio, S., Valenzuela, J., Reyes, J.C., Woelfl, S., Hertkorn, N., Kamjunke, Norbert, Nimptsch, J., Harir, M., Herzsprung, Peter, Schmitt-Kopplin, P., Neu, Thomas, Graeber, D., Osorio, S., Valenzuela, J., Reyes, J.C., Woelfl, S., and Hertkorn, N.

Abstract

Aquacultures are of great economic importance worldwide but pollute pristine headwater streams, lakes, and estuaries. However, there are no in-depth studies of the consequences of aquacultures on dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and structure. We performed a detailed molecular level characterization of aquaculture DOM quality and its bacterial degradation using four salmon aquacultures in Chile. Fluorescence measurements, ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the DOM revealed specific and extensive molecular alterations caused by aquacultures. Aquacultures released large quantities of readily bioavailable metabolites (primarily carbohydrates and peptides/proteins, and lipids), causing the organic matter downstream of all the investigated aquacultures to deviate strongly from the highly processed, polydisperse and molecularly heterogeneous DOM found in pristine rivers. However, the upstream individual catchment DOM signatures remained distinguishable at the downstream sites. The benthic algal biovolume decreased and the bacterial biovolume and production increased downstream of the aquacultures, shifting stream ecosystems to a more heterotrophic state and thus impairing the ecosystem health. The bacterial DOM degradation rates explain the attenuation of aquaculture DOM within the subsequent stream reaches. This knowledge may aid the development of improved waste processing facilities and may help to define emission thresholds to protect sensitive stream ecosystems.

Published
2017

5. Tracing dissolved organic matter (DOM) from land-based aquaculture systems in North Patagonian streams

Author

Nimptsch, J., Woelfl, S., Osorio, S., Valenzuela, J., Ebersbach, Paul, von Tuempling, Wolf, Palma, R., Encina, F., Figueroa, D., Kamjunke, Norbert, Graeber, D., Nimptsch, J., Woelfl, S., Osorio, S., Valenzuela, J., Ebersbach, Paul, von Tuempling, Wolf, Palma, R., Encina, F., Figueroa, D., Kamjunke, Norbert, and Graeber, D.

Abstract

Chile is the second largest producer of salmonids worldwide. The first step in the production of salmonids takes place in land-based aquacultures. However, the effects of the discharge from these aquacultures on stream dissolved organic matter (DOM) content, molecular composition and degradability are unknown. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the inputs of anthropogenic DOM from land-based aquaculture to the predominantly pristine river systems of North Patagonia. We hypothesized, that i) DOM exported from land-based aquaculture mainly consists of protein-like fluorescence (tyrosine and tryptophan) released from fish feces and food remains, and that ii) this DOM is highly degradable and therefore rapidly turned-over within the receiving streams. In the North Patagonian region we conducted a screening of ten land-based aquacultures and an intensive sampling campaign for one aquaculture. This was combined with longitudinal transects and a degradation experiment in order to couple the composition of DOM exported from land-based aquacultures to its degradability in streams. We measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration by high-temperature catalytic oxidation and DOM composition by fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis. In the effluent of the ten screened aquacultures and in the repeated sampling of one aquaculture, we consistently found an increase of DOC concentrations and a dominance of protein-like fluorescence. The protein-like fluorescence rapidly disappeared downstream of the aquacultures, and in the degradation experiment. 21% of the DOC export from the repeatedly sampled aquaculture resulted from food addition and 76% from fish production. We conclude that large amounts of degradable DOM are exported from land-based aquacultures. This probably has strong effects on the ecological structure and function of North Patagonian streams, and similarly affected streams worldwide.

Published
2015

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