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The phenomenon of cyberbullying is a psychosocial problem that generates a negative physical, psychological and social impact on both cyber-aggressors and cyber-victims. Our study aimed to describe the presence of cyberbullying in the dimensions of cyberaggression and cybervictimization among 79 students of the eighth year of Higher Basic Education, from the Panama Basic Education School in the city of Cuenca. A quantitative methodology was used, with a descriptive scope, making use of the measurement instrument of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) scale, which allows identifying the incidence and manifestations of cyberbullying, cyber-aggression and cyber-victimization. There was evidence of 16.5% of students who were victims of cyberbullying, 15.2% of cyberaggressors and 8.9% of victimized cyber-aggressors. In cybervictimization, the main manifestations were denigration, cyber persecution and exclusion; in addition, electronic insults, impersonation and unveiling were less frequent; however, there was no evidence of cyberbullying by delegation. In cyber-aggression, the main manifestations were exclusion, electronic insults, denigration and cyber-persecution. In conclusion, it can be evidenced that there is a minimally higher number of cybervictims compared to cyberaggressors, with characteristic manifestations of each dimension.

Street sexual harassment (CSA) is a social problem that affects all women. CSA can be described as any behavior, gesture or expression of a sexual nature that occurs in public spaces without the consent of the victim. In this context, the current study aims to describe the frequency of CSA present in female students of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca in the period 2023-2024, according to sociodemographic variables, from a perspective that includes the different dimensions in which it is manifested and the predominant behaviors of CSA, in addition to describing CSA based on the use of public space by female students. This study has a quantitative methodology, descriptive scope and cross-sectional design. We worked with a sample of 138 female students. For data collection, we used the Questionnaire of Sexual Harassment on Public Roads by Gonzalez et al. (2019), with three dimensions: Verbal and Gestural Harassment; Indirect Harassment; and Physical/Invasive Harassment; accompanied by a sociodemographic card. Regarding the results, it was found that the total population studied experienced CSA, with a high level of frequency. Verbal/Gestural Harassment, and behaviors such as whistling, sounds and morbid looks, were the most common form of ASC experienced by the students. Finally, it was concluded that students who walk longer distances experience a higher incidence of CSA and it is evident that the prevalence of harassment is related to geographic and mobility factors.

The phenomenon of cyberbullying is a psychosocial problem that generates a negative physical, psychological and social impact on both cyber-aggressors and cyber-victims. Our study aimed to describe the presence of cyberbullying in the dimensions of cyberaggression and cybervictimization among 79 students of the eighth year of Higher Basic Education, from the Panama Basic Education School in the city of Cuenca. A quantitative methodology was used, with a descriptive scope, making use of the measurement instrument of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) scale, which allows identifying the incidence and manifestations of cyberbullying, cyber-aggression and cyber-victimization. There was evidence of 16.5% of students who were victims of cyberbullying, 15.2% of cyberaggressors and 8.9% of victimized cyber-aggressors. In cybervictimization, the main manifestations were denigration, cyber persecution and exclusion; in addition, electronic insults, impersonation and unveiling were less frequent; however, there was no evidence of cyberbullying by delegation. In cyber-aggression, the main manifestations were exclusion, electronic insults, denigration and cyber-persecution. In conclusion, it can be evidenced that there is a minimally higher number of cybervictims compared to cyberaggressors, with characteristic manifestations of each dimension.

Street sexual harassment (CSA) is a social problem that affects all women. CSA can be described as any behavior, gesture or expression of a sexual nature that occurs in public spaces without the consent of the victim. In this context, the current study aims to describe the frequency of CSA present in female students of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Cuenca in the period 2023-2024, according to sociodemographic variables, from a perspective that includes the different dimensions in which it is manifested and the predominant behaviors of CSA, in addition to describing CSA based on the use of public space by female students. This study has a quantitative methodology, descriptive scope and cross-sectional design. We worked with a sample of 138 female students. For data collection, we used the Questionnaire of Sexual Harassment on Public Roads by Gonzalez et al. (2019), with three dimensions: Verbal and Gestural Harassment; Indirect Harassment; and Physical/Invasive Harassment; accompanied by a sociodemographic card. Regarding the results, it was found that the total population studied experienced CSA, with a high level of frequency. Verbal/Gestural Harassment, and behaviors such as whistling, sounds and morbid looks, were the most common form of ASC experienced by the students. Finally, it was concluded that students who walk longer distances experience a higher incidence of CSA and it is evident that the prevalence of harassment is related to geographic and mobility factors.

The phenomenon of cyberbullying is a psychosocial problem that generates a negative physical, psychological and social impact on both cyber-aggressors and cyber-victims. Our study aimed to describe the presence of cyberbullying in the dimensions of cyberaggression and cybervictimization among 79 students of the eighth year of Higher Basic Education, from the Panama Basic Education School in the city of Cuenca. A quantitative methodology was used, with a descriptive scope, making use of the measurement instrument of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) scale, which allows identifying the incidence and manifestations of cyberbullying, cyber-aggression and cyber-victimization. There was evidence of 16.5% of students who were victims of cyberbullying, 15.2% of cyberaggressors and 8.9% of victimized cyber-aggressors. In cybervictimization, the main manifestations were denigration, cyber persecution and exclusion; in addition, electronic insults, impersonation and unveiling were less frequent; however, there was no evidence of cyberbullying by delegation. In cyber-aggression, the main manifestations were exclusion, electronic insults, denigration and cyber-persecution. In conclusion, it can be evidenced that there is a minimally higher number of cybervictims compared to cyberaggressors, with characteristic manifestations of each dimension.

Intimate partner violence is a public health phenomenon that largely affects young adult couples with or without a formal relationship, generating physical, psychological or sexual harm against the person with whom an intimate bond is maintained. Partner violence is a little studied topic in the population of adolescents and young adults in the Ecuadorian context, which is why this research aims to determine the incidence of partner violence and its constituent abuse domains, in eighth cycle students of psychology at the University of Cuenca. The study has a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive scope; the study population consisted of 79 eighth-cycle undergraduate psychology students. The CUVINO dating violence questionnaire was used, which evaluates the violence suffered within couple relationships. The results showed that the domain most frequently involved in partner violence was detachment, at a slight level, present in 50.6% of the study group, followed by the domain of coercion at a slight level, with 44.3%. The domain with the lowest incidence was physical violence, with a slight level, in 3.8% of the total number of participants. It is concluded that intimate partner violence was present at a mild level within the constituent abuse domains in the population studied.

Intimate partner violence is a public health phenomenon that largely affects young adult couples with or without a formal relationship, generating physical, psychological or sexual harm against the person with whom an intimate bond is maintained. Partner violence is a little studied topic in the population of adolescents and young adults in the Ecuadorian context, which is why this research aims to determine the incidence of partner violence and its constituent abuse domains, in eighth cycle students of psychology at the University of Cuenca. The study has a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive scope; the study population consisted of 79 eighth-cycle undergraduate psychology students. The CUVINO dating violence questionnaire was used, which evaluates the violence suffered within couple relationships. The results showed that the domain most frequently involved in partner violence was detachment, at a slight level, present in 50.6% of the study group, followed by the domain of coercion at a slight level, with 44.3%. The domain with the lowest incidence was physical violence, with a slight level, in 3.8% of the total number of participants. It is concluded that intimate partner violence was present at a mild level within the constituent abuse domains in the population studied.

Intimate partner violence is a public health phenomenon that largely affects young adult couples with or without a formal relationship, generating physical, psychological or sexual harm against the person with whom an intimate bond is maintained. Partner violence is a little studied topic in the population of adolescents and young adults in the Ecuadorian context, which is why this research aims to determine the incidence of partner violence and its constituent abuse domains, in eighth cycle students of psychology at the University of Cuenca. The study has a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive scope; the study population consisted of 79 eighth-cycle undergraduate psychology students. The CUVINO dating violence questionnaire was used, which evaluates the violence suffered within couple relationships. The results showed that the domain most frequently involved in partner violence was detachment, at a slight level, present in 50.6% of the study group, followed by the domain of coercion at a slight level, with 44.3%. The domain with the lowest incidence was physical violence, with a slight level, in 3.8% of the total number of participants. It is concluded that intimate partner violence was present at a mild level within the constituent abuse domains in the population studied.

The global health emergency forced the governments of a large number of countries to close their educational establishments and opt for virtual education as a method to prevent the spread of the virus and prevent contagion. This caused the sudden use of virtual tools by students and teachers, which led to certain limitations in the teaching-learning process due to the sudden implementation of the virtual modality. It is important to know how virtual education was perceived by students, therefore, this research has as a general objective to describe the perceptions of high school students regarding the learning process in virtual mode in the Unidad Educativa Hermano Miguel La Salle, and how specific objectives, identify the perceptions of the students based on the dimensions of Marzano and analyze the assessment of resources and working conditions that they had. The research has a qualitative approach and a non-experimental cross-sectional design, in which a semi-structured interview based on the Marzano dimensions was used as an information collection tool aimed at 12 students who have been referred to DECE for low academic performance during the virtual modality. For the analysis of information, an analysis matrix was chosen that demonstrates the variables, central variables and theorizing. The results reflect a mostly unfavorable perception about the learning processes in virtual mode in the five dimensions that Marzano postulates and that make up this construct, in addition, the work environment presents an ambivalence between favorable and unfavorable, reasons why this modality of education should implement improvements in the methodology to obtain more optimal results in the teaching-learning process.

The global health emergency forced the governments of a large number of countries to close their educational establishments and opt for virtual education as a method to prevent the spread of the virus and prevent contagion. This caused the sudden use of virtual tools by students and teachers, which led to certain limitations in the teaching-learning process due to the sudden implementation of the virtual modality. It is important to know how virtual education was perceived by students, therefore, this research has as a general objective to describe the perceptions of high school students regarding the learning process in virtual mode in the Unidad Educativa Hermano Miguel La Salle, and how specific objectives, identify the perceptions of the students based on the dimensions of Marzano and analyze the assessment of resources and working conditions that they had. The research has a qualitative approach and a non-experimental cross-sectional design, in which a semi-structured interview based on the Marzano dimensions was used as an information collection tool aimed at 12 students who have been referred to DECE for low academic performance during the virtual modality. For the analysis of information, an analysis matrix was chosen that demonstrates the variables, central variables and theorizing. The results reflect a mostly unfavorable perception about the learning processes in virtual mode in the five dimensions that Marzano postulates and that make up this construct, in addition, the work environment presents an ambivalence between favorable and unfavorable, reasons why this modality of education should implement improvements in the methodology to obtain more optimal results in the teaching-learning process.

The phenomenon of bullying has been a problem within the world education system that harms the integral development of children and adolescents, having repercussions on victims and aggressors that can range from criminal behavior, emotional problems such as depression and low self-esteem, even suicide. This study aims to understand the phenomenon of bullying or bullying from the perspective of institutional inspectors, with the objective of making visible how their perception is in cases of bullying within the Unidad Educativa Particular Católica de Cuenca school. An approach was made to the knowledge they have about this phenomenon, as well as the cognitive and emotional components that build the perception of bullying. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the study group made up of six inspectors from the educational institution, the information was analyzed in a categorical matrix. The results indicate that the inspectors' perception of bullying is built intuitively and based on experience, having more impact than technical education on bullying, demonstrating a high capacity to respond to and solve bullying situations that are presented within the institution.

The present of this research is to specify the most used coping strategies in school victims of the José Tomás Rendón Solano and Manuel Guerrero educational schools, located in the rural area of El Valle, taking into account sociodemographic variables, visualizing bullying and cyberbullying as main part of mental health in the development of each individual. The study corresponding to a quantitative investigation, with descriptive scope, the sampling type was non-probabilistic by quotas of 35 students for the Tomás Rendón Solano Educational Unit and 25 for the Manuel Guerrero Educational Unit, aged between 9 and 11 years, distributed in 35 men and 25 women. The instruments used were the sociodemographic sheet, the scale of the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ), the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) that allows identifying bullying and cyberbullying, and the Brief scale COPE that allows identifying the coping tools. The results showed that the coping strategies most used by school victims of bullying were the use of emotional support, active coping, religion and self-distraction or mental distance. This research work allows us to conclude the use of Coping strategies against the same modality of Bullying and Cyberbullying, modification based on the sociodemographic variable such as: sex, age, year of Basic General Education, socio-economic level and Educational Unit

The present of this research is to specify the most used coping strategies in school victims of the José Tomás Rendón Solano and Manuel Guerrero educational schools, located in the rural area of El Valle, taking into account sociodemographic variables, visualizing bullying and cyberbullying as main part of mental health in the development of each individual. The study corresponding to a quantitative investigation, with descriptive scope, the sampling type was non-probabilistic by quotas of 35 students for the Tomás Rendón Solano Educational Unit and 25 for the Manuel Guerrero Educational Unit, aged between 9 and 11 years, distributed in 35 men and 25 women. The instruments used were the sociodemographic sheet, the scale of the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ), the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) that allows identifying bullying and cyberbullying, and the Brief scale COPE that allows identifying the coping tools. The results showed that the coping strategies most used by school victims of bullying were the use of emotional support, active coping, religion and self-distraction or mental distance. This research work allows us to conclude the use of Coping strategies against the same modality of Bullying and Cyberbullying, modification based on the sociodemographic variable such as: sex, age, year of Basic General Education, socio-economic level and Educational Unit

The present of this research is to specify the most used coping strategies in school victims of the José Tomás Rendón Solano and Manuel Guerrero educational schools, located in the rural area of El Valle, taking into account sociodemographic variables, visualizing bullying and cyberbullying as main part of mental health in the development of each individual. The study corresponding to a quantitative investigation, with descriptive scope, the sampling type was non-probabilistic by quotas of 35 students for the Tomás Rendón Solano Educational Unit and 25 for the Manuel Guerrero Educational Unit, aged between 9 and 11 years, distributed in 35 men and 25 women. The instruments used were the sociodemographic sheet, the scale of the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ), the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) that allows identifying bullying and cyberbullying, and the Brief scale COPE that allows identifying the coping tools. The results showed that the coping strategies most used by school victims of bullying were the use of emotional support, active coping, religion and self-distraction or mental distance. This research work allows us to conclude the use of Coping strategies against the same modality of Bullying and Cyberbullying, modification based on the sociodemographic variable such as: sex, age, year of Basic General Education, socio-economic level and Educational Unit

The phenomenon of bullying has been a problem within the world education system that harms the integral development of children and adolescents, having repercussions on victims and aggressors that can range from criminal behavior, emotional problems such as depression and low self-esteem, even suicide. This study aims to understand the phenomenon of bullying or bullying from the perspective of institutional inspectors, with the objective of making visible how their perception is in cases of bullying within the Unidad Educativa Particular Católica de Cuenca school. An approach was made to the knowledge they have about this phenomenon, as well as the cognitive and emotional components that build the perception of bullying. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the study group made up of six inspectors from the educational institution, the information was analyzed in a categorical matrix. The results indicate that the inspectors' perception of bullying is built intuitively and based on experience, having more impact than technical education on bullying, demonstrating a high capacity to respond to and solve bullying situations that are presented within the institution.

The phenomenon of bullying has been a problem within the world education system that harms the integral development of children and adolescents, having repercussions on victims and aggressors that can range from criminal behavior, emotional problems such as depression and low self-esteem, even suicide. This study aims to understand the phenomenon of bullying or bullying from the perspective of institutional inspectors, with the objective of making visible how their perception is in cases of bullying within the Unidad Educativa Particular Católica de Cuenca school. An approach was made to the knowledge they have about this phenomenon, as well as the cognitive and emotional components that build the perception of bullying. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the study group made up of six inspectors from the educational institution, the information was analyzed in a categorical matrix. The results indicate that the inspectors' perception of bullying is built intuitively and based on experience, having more impact than technical education on bullying, demonstrating a high capacity to respond to and solve bullying situations that are presented within the institution.

Gender violence, which affects both men and women has acquired many ways, with symbolic violence being one of the most significant but the least addressed in studies in Ecuador. On the other hand, social networks are increasingly present in people's lives and it is a space where gender violence can exist. The objective of this research is to describe the university students’ perception about gender violence in social networks. Therefore, a qualitative approach was used with an exploratory study and a cross-sectional design in which a semi-structured interview was applied to nine students belonging to the Female Associations of the University of Cuenca. The results of the investigation showed that social networks are perceived to have contents that reflect an asymmetrical position in how men and women are represented, concluding that, social networks have contents that reinforce gender roles and stereotypes explicitly and implicitly. Also finding that symbolic violence is generally accepted and shared because its content is perceived as fun, harmless and associated with humor

Gender violence, which affects both men and women has acquired many ways, with symbolic violence being one of the most significant but the least addressed in studies in Ecuador. On the other hand, social networks are increasingly present in people's lives and it is a space where gender violence can exist. The objective of this research is to describe the university students’ perception about gender violence in social networks. Therefore, a qualitative approach was used with an exploratory study and a cross-sectional design in which a semi-structured interview was applied to nine students belonging to the Female Associations of the University of Cuenca. The results of the investigation showed that social networks are perceived to have contents that reflect an asymmetrical position in how men and women are represented, concluding that, social networks have contents that reinforce gender roles and stereotypes explicitly and implicitly. Also finding that symbolic violence is generally accepted and shared because its content is perceived as fun, harmless and associated with humor

Gender violence, which affects both men and women has acquired many ways, with symbolic violence being one of the most significant but the least addressed in studies in Ecuador. On the other hand, social networks are increasingly present in people's lives and it is a space where gender violence can exist. The objective of this research is to describe the university students’ perception about gender violence in social networks. Therefore, a qualitative approach was used with an exploratory study and a cross-sectional design in which a semi-structured interview was applied to nine students belonging to the Female Associations of the University of Cuenca. The results of the investigation showed that social networks are perceived to have contents that reflect an asymmetrical position in how men and women are represented, concluding that, social networks have contents that reinforce gender roles and stereotypes explicitly and implicitly. Also finding that symbolic violence is generally accepted and shared because its content is perceived as fun, harmless and associated with humor

The present investigation is descriptive quantitative of cross section, whose purpose was to characterize the socio demographic, familiar and personal risk factors associated to the Sexting in students of 10 year of Basic General Education and 1º and 2º high school of two Educational Units of the city of Cuenca, since it is a topic of vital importance for students, parents, teachers and the entire educational community. The Questionnaire "Risk Factors Associated with Sexting" validated by Agustina & Gómez (2016) was applied to 259 students of both sexes of the 10th year of Basic General Education and of the 1st and 2nd Unified General Baccalaureate. The results show that: 67.2% of the students had ever practiced Sexting, the situation that was most presented was reception, followed by sending and sharing provocative messages or videos. Around 39.4% of the adolescents said they had no control over the navigation content, 35.9% had control and the remaining 24.7% had suspicions about their parents' control. With regard to beliefs, adolescents describe the practice of Sexting as dangerous, however they are aware that their friends and they perform it; they also believe that the main reason why both girls and boys practice sexting is to maintain the attention of the opposite sex and to like the boys / as; they also qualified the Sexting activity as dangerous, followed by stupid and immoral; and the most punctuated rating to the person practicing Sexting was immature.

The present investigation is descriptive quantitative of cross section, whose purpose was to characterize the socio demographic, familiar and personal risk factors associated to the Sexting in students of 10 year of Basic General Education and 1º and 2º high school of two Educational Units of the city of Cuenca, since it is a topic of vital importance for students, parents, teachers and the entire educational community. The Questionnaire "Risk Factors Associated with Sexting" validated by Agustina & Gómez (2016) was applied to 259 students of both sexes of the 10th year of Basic General Education and of the 1st and 2nd Unified General Baccalaureate. The results show that: 67.2% of the students had ever practiced Sexting, the situation that was most presented was reception, followed by sending and sharing provocative messages or videos. Around 39.4% of the adolescents said they had no control over the navigation content, 35.9% had control and the remaining 24.7% had suspicions about their parents' control. With regard to beliefs, adolescents describe the practice of Sexting as dangerous, however they are aware that their friends and they perform it; they also believe that the main reason why both girls and boys practice sexting is to maintain the attention of the opposite sex and to like the boys / as; they also qualified the Sexting activity as dangerous, followed by stupid and immoral; and the most punctuated rating to the person practicing Sexting was immature.

The family social climate is characterized by the relationships that occur between the members of the family, as well as the structure that forms it, and these relationships can be replicated in other social contexts such as education; that is why, the purpose of this research was to characterize the perception of adolescent victims of bullying in relation to the family environment in which they live. The present study is non-experimental, with a quantitative approach, in which 121 students from an urban fiscal educational institution of the city of Cuenca participated; the instruments used were the sociodemographic record, the EBIPQ questionnaire with language adaptation, which allowed identifying the adolescents victims of bullying and the Family Social Climate Scale (FES) that made it possible to evaluate and describe interpersonal relationships, among family members, the aspects of personal development that have greater importance in it and its basic structure. It was possible to identify 28.9% of school bullying, with 68.6% of women and 31.4% of male victims; adolescents victims of bullying, perceived their interpersonal relationships and stability as deficit, while their personal development valued it as bad. By way of conclusion, the family social climate of victims of school bullying according to their perception is deficient in most of its dimensions, which made it possible to demonstrate a possible association between the family climate in relation to the behavior presented by students victims of bullying.

This study investigated the number of adolescent victims of bullying and the impact of this psychosocial phenomenon on students' self-esteem. A non-probabilistic, non-experimental sampling with a quantitative approach was used. The sample consisted of 197 students, aged between 15 and 18 years of a single educational institution corresponding to the rural area of the canton Cuenca. Two scales were used: firstly, the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIP-Q) (14 items) in the adapted version by Ordóñez, Mora & Pacheco (2016), which allowed the identification of victims and aggressors; Secondly, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in the adapted version by Atienza, Moreno & Balaguer (2000) was used, which assesses self-esteem in three levels (high, medium and low), which contains affirmations about self-confidence and personal devaluation. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics with measures of central tendency, with a link to sociodemographic variables such as: academic level, sex and age. The results of the research indicated that the general self-esteem of the students is positive regardless of whether or not they are victims of bullying.

The family social climate is characterized by the relationships that occur between the members of the family, as well as the structure that forms it, and these relationships can be replicated in other social contexts such as education; that is why, the purpose of this research was to characterize the perception of adolescent victims of bullying in relation to the family environment in which they live. The present study is non-experimental, with a quantitative approach, in which 121 students from an urban fiscal educational institution of the city of Cuenca participated; the instruments used were the sociodemographic record, the EBIPQ questionnaire with language adaptation, which allowed identifying the adolescents victims of bullying and the Family Social Climate Scale (FES) that made it possible to evaluate and describe interpersonal relationships, among family members, the aspects of personal development that have greater importance in it and its basic structure. It was possible to identify 28.9% of school bullying, with 68.6% of women and 31.4% of male victims; adolescents victims of bullying, perceived their interpersonal relationships and stability as deficit, while their personal development valued it as bad. By way of conclusion, the family social climate of victims of school bullying according to their perception is deficient in most of its dimensions, which made it possible to demonstrate a possible association between the family climate in relation to the behavior presented by students victims of bullying.

This study investigated the number of adolescent victims of bullying and the impact of this psychosocial phenomenon on students' self-esteem. A non-probabilistic, non-experimental sampling with a quantitative approach was used. The sample consisted of 197 students, aged between 15 and 18 years of a single educational institution corresponding to the rural area of the canton Cuenca. Two scales were used: firstly, the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIP-Q) (14 items) in the adapted version by Ordóñez, Mora & Pacheco (2016), which allowed the identification of victims and aggressors; Secondly, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in the adapted version by Atienza, Moreno & Balaguer (2000) was used, which assesses self-esteem in three levels (high, medium and low), which contains affirmations about self-confidence and personal devaluation. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics with measures of central tendency, with a link to sociodemographic variables such as: academic level, sex and age. The results of the research indicated that the general self-esteem of the students is positive regardless of whether or not they are victims of bullying.

This study investigated the number of adolescent victims of bullying and the impact of this psychosocial phenomenon on students' self-esteem. A non-probabilistic, non-experimental sampling with a quantitative approach was used. The sample consisted of 197 students, aged between 15 and 18 years of a single educational institution corresponding to the rural area of the canton Cuenca. Two scales were used: firstly, the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIP-Q) (14 items) in the adapted version by Ordóñez, Mora & Pacheco (2016), which allowed the identification of victims and aggressors; Secondly, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in the adapted version by Atienza, Moreno & Balaguer (2000) was used, which assesses self-esteem in three levels (high, medium and low), which contains affirmations about self-confidence and personal devaluation. The analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics with measures of central tendency, with a link to sociodemographic variables such as: academic level, sex and age. The results of the research indicated that the general self-esteem of the students is positive regardless of whether or not they are victims of bullying.

The family social climate is characterized by the relationships that occur between the members of the family, as well as the structure that forms it, and these relationships can be replicated in other social contexts such as education; that is why, the purpose of this research was to characterize the perception of adolescent victims of bullying in relation to the family environment in which they live. The present study is non-experimental, with a quantitative approach, in which 121 students from an urban fiscal educational institution of the city of Cuenca participated; the instruments used were the sociodemographic record, the EBIPQ questionnaire with language adaptation, which allowed identifying the adolescents victims of bullying and the Family Social Climate Scale (FES) that made it possible to evaluate and describe interpersonal relationships, among family members, the aspects of personal development that have greater importance in it and its basic structure. It was possible to identify 28.9% of school bullying, with 68.6% of women and 31.4% of male victims; adolescents victims of bullying, perceived their interpersonal relationships and stability as deficit, while their personal development valued it as bad. By way of conclusion, the family social climate of victims of school bullying according to their perception is deficient in most of its dimensions, which made it possible to demonstrate a possible association between the family climate in relation to the behavior presented by students victims of bullying.

The present investigation is of descriptive quantitative type of transversal cut, whose objective was to characterize the sexting and cyberbullying in adolescents of 15 to 18 years of Unified General Baccalaureate of two educational institutions of the city of Loja. Two scale instruments were applied to measure the sexting variable, the Sexting Behavior Scale (ECS) was applied, and the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) scale was applied to measure the cyberbullying variable. We worked with a sample of 341 adolescents of both sexes, the results showed that 73.3% of the students had practiced sexting and 43.7% cyberbullying. The cell phone and Facebook were the technological resource and social network most used by adolescents to perform such behaviors, the active disposition towards sexting was of an emotional and relational type. The existence of a statistically significant relationship between the variables sex and cyberbullying, age and cyberbullying and intense and repeated harassment with social networks was also determined. From which we conclude in this research, that sexting and cyberbullying are present behaviors in adolescence as a way of relating among peers.

This research´s main objective was to identify attitudes toward sexuality on young students from first, second and third year of high school from Unidad Educativa "La Salle" - Sede Azogues, which are related to the prevalence of risk behaviors such as sexting phenomenon. This work was, methodologically, quantitative. With this basis, a descriptive and transversal study was designed. The universe included 144 high school students, from which 58 surveys were applied according to statistical procedure. The survey included closed type questions matching specific variables. It was concluded that there is a tendency, equally among men and women, to develop sexting dynamics using electronic devices; it was also identified that the most commonly developed action consists on sharing seductive text messages using a cell phone (22 %), which is, also, the most frequently used device among teenagers with an incidence of 37 %. Computers were also diagnosed as highly used devices for this purpose. This consideration lead to contemplate student´s integrity and privacy risk as a real fact.

The present investigation is of descriptive quantitative type of transversal cut, whose objective was to characterize the sexting and cyberbullying in adolescents of 15 to 18 years of Unified General Baccalaureate of two educational institutions of the city of Loja. Two scale instruments were applied to measure the sexting variable, the Sexting Behavior Scale (ECS) was applied, and the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) scale was applied to measure the cyberbullying variable. We worked with a sample of 341 adolescents of both sexes, the results showed that 73.3% of the students had practiced sexting and 43.7% cyberbullying. The cell phone and Facebook were the technological resource and social network most used by adolescents to perform such behaviors, the active disposition towards sexting was of an emotional and relational type. The existence of a statistically significant relationship between the variables sex and cyberbullying, age and cyberbullying and intense and repeated harassment with social networks was also determined. From which we conclude in this research, that sexting and cyberbullying are present behaviors in adolescence as a way of relating among peers.

This research´s main objective was to identify attitudes toward sexuality on young students from first, second and third year of high school from Unidad Educativa "La Salle" - Sede Azogues, which are related to the prevalence of risk behaviors such as sexting phenomenon. This work was, methodologically, quantitative. With this basis, a descriptive and transversal study was designed. The universe included 144 high school students, from which 58 surveys were applied according to statistical procedure. The survey included closed type questions matching specific variables. It was concluded that there is a tendency, equally among men and women, to develop sexting dynamics using electronic devices; it was also identified that the most commonly developed action consists on sharing seductive text messages using a cell phone (22 %), which is, also, the most frequently used device among teenagers with an incidence of 37 %. Computers were also diagnosed as highly used devices for this purpose. This consideration lead to contemplate student´s integrity and privacy risk as a real fact.

The present investigation is descriptive quantitative of cross section, whose purpose was to characterize the socio demographic, familiar and personal risk factors associated to the Sexting in students of 10 year of Basic General Education and 1º and 2º high school of two Educational Units of the city of Cuenca, since it is a topic of vital importance for students, parents, teachers and the entire educational community. The Questionnaire "Risk Factors Associated with Sexting" validated by Agustina & Gómez (2016) was applied to 259 students of both sexes of the 10th year of Basic General Education and of the 1st and 2nd Unified General Baccalaureate. The results show that: 67.2% of the students had ever practiced Sexting, the situation that was most presented was reception, followed by sending and sharing provocative messages or videos. Around 39.4% of the adolescents said they had no control over the navigation content, 35.9% had control and the remaining 24.7% had suspicions about their parents' control. With regard to beliefs, adolescents describe the practice of Sexting as dangerous, however they are aware that their friends and they perform it; they also believe that the main reason why both girls and boys practice sexting is to maintain the attention of the opposite sex and to like the boys / as; they also qualified the Sexting activity as dangerous, followed by stupid and immoral; and the most punctuated rating to the person practicing Sexting was immature.

The present investigation is of descriptive quantitative type of transversal cut, whose objective was to characterize the sexting and cyberbullying in adolescents of 15 to 18 years of Unified General Baccalaureate of two educational institutions of the city of Loja. Two scale instruments were applied to measure the sexting variable, the Sexting Behavior Scale (ECS) was applied, and the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) scale was applied to measure the cyberbullying variable. We worked with a sample of 341 adolescents of both sexes, the results showed that 73.3% of the students had practiced sexting and 43.7% cyberbullying. The cell phone and Facebook were the technological resource and social network most used by adolescents to perform such behaviors, the active disposition towards sexting was of an emotional and relational type. The existence of a statistically significant relationship between the variables sex and cyberbullying, age and cyberbullying and intense and repeated harassment with social networks was also determined. From which we conclude in this research, that sexting and cyberbullying are present behaviors in adolescence as a way of relating among peers.

This research´s main objective was to identify attitudes toward sexuality on young students from first, second and third year of high school from Unidad Educativa "La Salle" - Sede Azogues, which are related to the prevalence of risk behaviors such as sexting phenomenon. This work was, methodologically, quantitative. With this basis, a descriptive and transversal study was designed. The universe included 144 high school students, from which 58 surveys were applied according to statistical procedure. The survey included closed type questions matching specific variables. It was concluded that there is a tendency, equally among men and women, to develop sexting dynamics using electronic devices; it was also identified that the most commonly developed action consists on sharing seductive text messages using a cell phone (22 %), which is, also, the most frequently used device among teenagers with an incidence of 37 %. Computers were also diagnosed as highly used devices for this purpose. This consideration lead to contemplate student´s integrity and privacy risk as a real fact.

This research is quantitative cross section with a descriptive scope, whose purpose was to know the profile of multiple intelligences in children on the initial level 2 in a given time. It is an observational study based on perceptions by teachers on the level of development of multiple intelligences in children 4 to 5 years. the instrument called "Scale of observation of multiple intelligences" This is an adaptation to the test to evaluate multiple intelligences Author Alfonso Paredes was used, this instrument appreciates the perception of Multiple Intelligences students Initial included age 4 and 5 years, for which an adaptation as a result of their respective pilot was performed. The study was carried out with 39 children of the Initial Level 2 educational institutions belonging to two "A" and "B" located in the parish of Baños. The results revealed that the 7 types of studied intelligence have a high development, the kind of intelligence with higher level of development was the "interpersonal" followed by the "kinesthetic" while musical intelligence was that lower level presented.

The present descriptive research with a quantitative approach, which purpose is to characterize the causes and consequences of scholar harassment unified general Bachelorette. In order to accomplish this aim, two tools were applied; a survey about intimidation and abuse between pairs in Basic Educational Institutes in Cuenca city, it is valued by Shephard, Ordoñez and Rodríguez (2012). This first survey allowed to identify victims from scholar harassment in institutes. It has been taken the frequency and repetition criteria. The second one is a survey about abuse among partners. It consists of the victim’s profile. It was adopted from the original survey of Fernandez and Ortega, by Ordoñez (2014). The aim of making parameters that allow to visualize the boy’s psychological profile who is a harassment victim in schools, from a total of 137 students, 122 participated which were conformed as it follows. First, second and third level of bachelorette which is divided in: First BGU has 21 males which is equivalent to the 17% and 23 females which is equivalent to the 19%. The second BGU has 25 males which is equivalent to the 20% and 16 females which is equivalent to the 13% and the third BGU has 19 males which is equivalent to the 16% and 18 women which is equivalent to the 15% registered in the first period 2016 – 2017, whose ages were between 15 and 19 years old with an average of 17.

The present descriptive research with a quantitative approach, which purpose is to characterize the causes and consequences of scholar harassment unified general Bachelorette. In order to accomplish this aim, two tools were applied; a survey about intimidation and abuse between pairs in Basic Educational Institutes in Cuenca city, it is valued by Shephard, Ordoñez and Rodríguez (2012). This first survey allowed to identify victims from scholar harassment in institutes. It has been taken the frequency and repetition criteria. The second one is a survey about abuse among partners. It consists of the victim’s profile. It was adopted from the original survey of Fernandez and Ortega, by Ordoñez (2014). The aim of making parameters that allow to visualize the boy’s psychological profile who is a harassment victim in schools, from a total of 137 students, 122 participated which were conformed as it follows. First, second and third level of bachelorette which is divided in: First BGU has 21 males which is equivalent to the 17% and 23 females which is equivalent to the 19%. The second BGU has 25 males which is equivalent to the 20% and 16 females which is equivalent to the 13% and the third BGU has 19 males which is equivalent to the 16% and 18 women which is equivalent to the 15% registered in the first period 2016 – 2017, whose ages were between 15 and 19 years old with an average of 17.

This research is quantitative cross section with a descriptive scope, whose purpose was to know the profile of multiple intelligences in children on the initial level 2 in a given time. It is an observational study based on perceptions by teachers on the level of development of multiple intelligences in children 4 to 5 years. the instrument called "Scale of observation of multiple intelligences" This is an adaptation to the test to evaluate multiple intelligences Author Alfonso Paredes was used, this instrument appreciates the perception of Multiple Intelligences students Initial included age 4 and 5 years, for which an adaptation as a result of their respective pilot was performed. The study was carried out with 39 children of the Initial Level 2 educational institutions belonging to two "A" and "B" located in the parish of Baños. The results revealed that the 7 types of studied intelligence have a high development, the kind of intelligence with higher level of development was the "interpersonal" followed by the "kinesthetic" while musical intelligence was that lower level presented.

The present descriptive research with a quantitative approach, which purpose is to characterize the causes and consequences of scholar harassment unified general Bachelorette. In order to accomplish this aim, two tools were applied; a survey about intimidation and abuse between pairs in Basic Educational Institutes in Cuenca city, it is valued by Shephard, Ordoñez and Rodríguez (2012). This first survey allowed to identify victims from scholar harassment in institutes. It has been taken the frequency and repetition criteria. The second one is a survey about abuse among partners. It consists of the victim’s profile. It was adopted from the original survey of Fernandez and Ortega, by Ordoñez (2014). The aim of making parameters that allow to visualize the boy’s psychological profile who is a harassment victim in schools, from a total of 137 students, 122 participated which were conformed as it follows. First, second and third level of bachelorette which is divided in: First BGU has 21 males which is equivalent to the 17% and 23 females which is equivalent to the 19%. The second BGU has 25 males which is equivalent to the 20% and 16 females which is equivalent to the 13% and the third BGU has 19 males which is equivalent to the 16% and 18 women which is equivalent to the 15% registered in the first period 2016 – 2017, whose ages were between 15 and 19 years old with an average of 17.

This research is quantitative cross section with a descriptive scope, whose purpose was to know the profile of multiple intelligences in children on the initial level 2 in a given time. It is an observational study based on perceptions by teachers on the level of development of multiple intelligences in children 4 to 5 years. the instrument called "Scale of observation of multiple intelligences" This is an adaptation to the test to evaluate multiple intelligences Author Alfonso Paredes was used, this instrument appreciates the perception of Multiple Intelligences students Initial included age 4 and 5 years, for which an adaptation as a result of their respective pilot was performed. The study was carried out with 39 children of the Initial Level 2 educational institutions belonging to two "A" and "B" located in the parish of Baños. The results revealed that the 7 types of studied intelligence have a high development, the kind of intelligence with higher level of development was the "interpersonal" followed by the "kinesthetic" while musical intelligence was that lower level presented.

This study is qualitative, with a descriptive level, its purpose is to describe and understand the emotional states of children whose parents are in the process of separation. We applied two instruments: a) a semi-structured interview applied to six parents, which was validated by a pilot test and an academic couple, and b) the projective test of drawing the human figure by Koppitz applied to eight children, that they receiving psychological care at the Institute of Criminology, Forensic and Family Psychosocial Intervention, at the University of Cuenca, instruments that allowed to know the emotional states, emotions, symptoms and emotional indicators of children investigated. The results showed that the predominant emotional state in those children is the anxious, followed by angry and stressed out; there is the presence of emotions like anxiety, anger, besides sadness and these are evident in children with symptoms such as nervousness, difficulty concentrating, anger, aggression, tantrums, and this all hinder proper development them in children´s affective area giving rise to difficulties in their learning and in their relationships

This study is qualitative, with a descriptive level, its purpose is to describe and understand the emotional states of children whose parents are in the process of separation. We applied two instruments: a) a semi-structured interview applied to six parents, which was validated by a pilot test and an academic couple, and b) the projective test of drawing the human figure by Koppitz applied to eight children, that they receiving psychological care at the Institute of Criminology, Forensic and Family Psychosocial Intervention, at the University of Cuenca, instruments that allowed to know the emotional states, emotions, symptoms and emotional indicators of children investigated. The results showed that the predominant emotional state in those children is the anxious, followed by angry and stressed out; there is the presence of emotions like anxiety, anger, besides sadness and these are evident in children with symptoms such as nervousness, difficulty concentrating, anger, aggression, tantrums, and this all hinder proper development them in children´s affective area giving rise to difficulties in their learning and in their relationships

This study is qualitative, with a descriptive level, its purpose is to describe and understand the emotional states of children whose parents are in the process of separation. We applied two instruments: a) a semi-structured interview applied to six parents, which was validated by a pilot test and an academic couple, and b) the projective test of drawing the human figure by Koppitz applied to eight children, that they receiving psychological care at the Institute of Criminology, Forensic and Family Psychosocial Intervention, at the University of Cuenca, instruments that allowed to know the emotional states, emotions, symptoms and emotional indicators of children investigated. The results showed that the predominant emotional state in those children is the anxious, followed by angry and stressed out; there is the presence of emotions like anxiety, anger, besides sadness and these are evident in children with symptoms such as nervousness, difficulty concentrating, anger, aggression, tantrums, and this all hinder proper development them in children´s affective area giving rise to difficulties in their learning and in their relationships

The present quantitative and qualitative study, to exploratory level, peer bullying at Carlos Terán Zenteno the boys and girls school, rural parish, located in Cumbe Cuenca city, Azuay conducted with 12 teachers and 311 students, can describe the situation of bullying among peers with their respective types and manifestations represented in actual percentages and interpreted according to the theoretical foundations exposed by different authors in the first part of the investigation. The instruments used were Rosario Ortega´s survey for children, called Cuestionario sobre Intimidación y Maltrato entre pares en Instituciones Educativas de Educación Básica de la Cuidad de Cuenca and guía de entrevista semi-estructurada sobre "Acoso Escolar o Bullying" dirigida a Profesores, the same which identified 6.4% of bullying in the educational institution, characterized by the presence of direct verbal harassment, whose manifestation was the nickname (20.1%) and physical (12.9%), usually acompanied by kicking, shoving and hitting.

This research is exploratory - descriptive, its purpose is to know what are the psychological consequences of bullying on victims, for which instrument used a questionnaire , which was applied to the study group consisting of 37 children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years, of an educational unit of the urban area of the city of Cuenca, identified as victims of bullying ; after making the research process could be seen that there is a greater presence of interpersonal psychological consequences compared to the intrapersonal ; and of these , the highest incidence are: the loss of the ability to make friends , lack of confidence and the desire for revenge. The consequences contained in the theoretical part of the investigation, only apathy is not presented in the study group.

The current research work has adopted a quali-quantitative approach, taking an exploratory-descriptive level. It has as its purpose to validate psychoeducational strategies that make possible the development of social skills, foster values, emotionally alphabetize and establish rules and regulations that favor good school co-existence, allowing the teacher the effective approach to the phenomenon of bullying in the classroom and other areas from the institution. The proposal of training had as theoretical basis to Olweus (2007) and Ortega and Del Rey(2007). The tools used to assess pretest were: “Questionnaire for teachers about the initial state of school life," "Questionnaire for teachers about the conflict and interpersonal violence," and a semi-structured interview that allowed determining the knowledge of teachers about bullying and kinds of intervention. In the posttest evaluation (the process of training teachers was conducted for a period of three months in learning and use of psychoeducational strategies) applying the “Questionnaire for teachers about the progress of school life,” "Questionnaire for teachers about interpersonal conflict and violence” and a record of anecdotal observation. The study group involved 23 teachers, 14 women and 9 men on ages between 22 and 60 years from morning section. After the training process, it was found that there does not exist a significant variations before and after the intervention, however there is evidenced that the teachers began a sensitization and awareness progress about bullying.

The present quantitative and qualitative study, to exploratory level, peer bullying at Carlos Terán Zenteno the boys and girls school, rural parish, located in Cumbe Cuenca city, Azuay conducted with 12 teachers and 311 students, can describe the situation of bullying among peers with their respective types and manifestations represented in actual percentages and interpreted according to the theoretical foundations exposed by different authors in the first part of the investigation. The instruments used were Rosario Ortega´s survey for children, called Cuestionario sobre Intimidación y Maltrato entre pares en Instituciones Educativas de Educación Básica de la Cuidad de Cuenca and guía de entrevista semi-estructurada sobre "Acoso Escolar o Bullying" dirigida a Profesores, the same which identified 6.4% of bullying in the educational institution, characterized by the presence of direct verbal harassment, whose manifestation was the nickname (20.1%) and physical (12.9%), usually acompanied by kicking, shoving and hitting.

The current research work has adopted a quali-quantitative approach, taking an exploratory-descriptive level. It has as its purpose to validate psychoeducational strategies that make possible the development of social skills, foster values, emotionally alphabetize and establish rules and regulations that favor good school co-existence, allowing the teacher the effective approach to the phenomenon of bullying in the classroom and other areas from the institution. The proposal of training had as theoretical basis to Olweus (2007) and Ortega and Del Rey(2007). The tools used to assess pretest were: “Questionnaire for teachers about the initial state of school life," "Questionnaire for teachers about the conflict and interpersonal violence," and a semi-structured interview that allowed determining the knowledge of teachers about bullying and kinds of intervention. In the posttest evaluation (the process of training teachers was conducted for a period of three months in learning and use of psychoeducational strategies) applying the “Questionnaire for teachers about the progress of school life,” "Questionnaire for teachers about interpersonal conflict and violence” and a record of anecdotal observation. The study group involved 23 teachers, 14 women and 9 men on ages between 22 and 60 years from morning section. After the training process, it was found that there does not exist a significant variations before and after the intervention, however there is evidenced that the teachers began a sensitization and awareness progress about bullying.

The present quantitative and qualitative study, to exploratory level, peer bullying at Carlos Terán Zenteno the boys and girls school, rural parish, located in Cumbe Cuenca city, Azuay conducted with 12 teachers and 311 students, can describe the situation of bullying among peers with their respective types and manifestations represented in actual percentages and interpreted according to the theoretical foundations exposed by different authors in the first part of the investigation. The instruments used were Rosario Ortega´s survey for children, called Cuestionario sobre Intimidación y Maltrato entre pares en Instituciones Educativas de Educación Básica de la Cuidad de Cuenca and guía de entrevista semi-estructurada sobre "Acoso Escolar o Bullying" dirigida a Profesores, the same which identified 6.4% of bullying in the educational institution, characterized by the presence of direct verbal harassment, whose manifestation was the nickname (20.1%) and physical (12.9%), usually acompanied by kicking, shoving and hitting.

This research is exploratory - descriptive, its purpose is to know what are the psychological consequences of bullying on victims, for which instrument used a questionnaire , which was applied to the study group consisting of 37 children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years, of an educational unit of the urban area of the city of Cuenca, identified as victims of bullying ; after making the research process could be seen that there is a greater presence of interpersonal psychological consequences compared to the intrapersonal ; and of these , the highest incidence are: the loss of the ability to make friends , lack of confidence and the desire for revenge. The consequences contained in the theoretical part of the investigation, only apathy is not presented in the study group.