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1. A statistical study of longitudinal extent of Pc1 pulsations using seven PWING ground stations at subauroral latitudes

Author: Liu, J. (Jie), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Oyama, S.-I. (Shin-Ichiro), Otsuka, Y. (Yuichi), Jun, C.-W. (Chae-Woo), Nosé, M. (Masahito), Nagatsuma, T. (Tsutomu), Sakaguchi, K. (Kaori), Kadokura, A. (Akira), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Connors, M. (Martin), Baishev, D. (Dmitry), Nishitani, N. (Nozomu), Oinats, A. (Alexey), Kurkin, V. (Vladimir), Raita, T. (Tero), Liu, J. (Jie), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Oyama, S.-I. (Shin-Ichiro), Otsuka, Y. (Yuichi), Jun, C.-W. (Chae-Woo), Nosé, M. (Masahito), Nagatsuma, T. (Tsutomu), Sakaguchi, K. (Kaori), Kadokura, A. (Akira), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Connors, M. (Martin), Baishev, D. (Dmitry), Nishitani, N. (Nozomu), Oinats, A. (Alexey), Kurkin, V. (Vladimir), and Raita, T. (Tero)
Abstract: Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations correspond to electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the magnetosphere and are excited there with frequencies of 0.2–5 Hz. The instantaneous longitudinal extent of Pc1 waves on the ground has not been estimated yet. In this study, we analyze the Pc1 pulsations observed at seven longitudinally-distributed ground stations at subauroral latitudes at ∼60° magnetic latitude for 1 year from July 2018 to June 2019. The hourly occurrence rates of Pc1 pulsations at all 7 stations have a peak (14%–39.6%) in the post-noon sector and a local minimum (4.1%–8.1%) at midnight. The average frequencies become highest (0.6–1.1 Hz) after midnight and lowest (0.3–0.5 Hz) after noon at all 7 stations. An increasing tendency of total Pc1 occurrence with respect to magnetic latitude was observed. Based on these observations, we obtained a peak of probability distribution of the instantaneous Pc1 longitudinal extent as ∼82.5° with a half maximum at ∼114°, though this probability distribution can be affected by the limitation of the number of the stations. We also made model calculations on the possible longitudinal extent using artificial random Pc1 waves with fixed extents. The comparison of the model results with the observation suggests longitudinal extent of 70°–86° comparable to the peak of probability distribution (∼82.5°). A superposed epoch analysis shows that the longitudinal extent of Pc1 waves tends to increase during recovery phase of geomagnetic storms.
Published: 2023

2. Characteristics and longitudinal extent of VLF quasi-periodic emissions using multi-point ground-based observations

Author: Martinez-Calderon, C. (Claudia), Oonishi, T. (Tomoka), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Manninen, J. K. (Jyrki K.), Oinats, A. (Alexey), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Martinez-Calderon, C. (Claudia), Oonishi, T. (Tomoka), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Manninen, J. K. (Jyrki K.), Oinats, A. (Alexey), and Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori)
Abstract: Quasi-periodic (QP) emissions are a type of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves characterized by a periodic intensity modulation ranging from tens of seconds to several minutes. Here, we present 63 QP events observed between January 2017 and December 2018. Initially detected at the VLF receiver in Kannuslehto, Finland (KAN, MLAT = 67.7°N, L = 5.5), we proceeded to check whether these events were simultaneously observed at other subauroral receivers. To do so we used the following PWING stations: Athabasca (ATH, MLAT = 61.2°N, L = 4.3, Canada), Gakona (GAK, MLAT = 63.6°N, L = 4.9, Alaska), Husafell (HUS, MLAT = 64.9°N, L = 5.6, Iceland), Istok (IST, MLAT = 60.6°N, L = 6.0, Russia), Kapuskasing (KAP, MLAT = 58.7°N, L = 3.8, Canada), Maimaga (MAM, MLAT = 58.0°N, L = 3.6, Russia), and Nain (NAI, MLAT = 65.8°N, L = 5.0, Canada). We found that: (1) QP emissions detected at KAN had a relatively longer observation time (1–10 h) than other stations, (2) 11.3% of the emissions at KAN were observed showing one-to-one correspondence at IST, and (3) no station other than IST simultaneously observed the same QP emission as KAN. Since KAN and IST are longitudinally separated by 60.6°, we estimate that the maximum meridional spread of conjugated QP emissions should be close to 60° or 4 MLT. Comparison with geomagnetic data shows half of the events are categorized as type II, while the rest are mixed (type I and II). This study is the first to clarify the longitudinal spread of QP waves observed on the ground by analyzing simultaneous observations over 2 years using multiple ground stations.
Published: 2023

3. Transethnic genome-wide association study provides insights in the genetic architecture and heritability of long QT syndrome

Author: Lahrouchi, N, Tadros, R, Crotti, L, Mizusawa, Y, Postema, P, Beekman, L, Walsh, R, Hasegawa, K, Barc, J, Ernsting, M, Turkowski, K, Mazzanti, A, Beckmann, B, Shimamoto, K, Diamant, U, Wijeyeratne, Y, Kucho, Y, Robyns, T, Ishikawa, T, Arbelo, E, Christiansen, M, Winbo, A, Jabbari, R, Lubitz, S, Steinfurt, J, Rudic, B, Loeys, B, Shoemaker, M, Weeke, P, Pfeiffer, R, Davies, B, Andorin, A, Hofman, N, Dagradi, F, Pedrazzini, M, Tester, D, Bos, J, Sarquella-Brugada, G, Campuzano, Ó, Platonov, P, Stallmeyer, B, Zumhagen, S, Nannenberg, E, Veldink, J, van den Berg, L, Al-Chalabi, A, Shaw, C, Shaw, P, Morrison, K, Andersen, P, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Cusi, D, Barlassina, C, Galan, P, Lathrop, M, Munter, M, Werge, T, Ribasés, M, Aung, T, Khor, C, Ozaki, M, Lichtner, P, Meitinger, T, van Tintelen, J, Hoedemaekers, Y, Denjoy, I, Leenhardt, A, Napolitano, C, Shimizu, W, Schott, J, Gourraud, J, Makiyama, T, Ohno, S, Itoh, H, Krahn, A, Antzelevitch, C, Roden, D, Saenen, J, Borggrefe, M, Odening, K, Ellinor, P, Tfelt-Hansen, J, Skinner, J, van den Berg, M, Olesen, M, Brugada, J, Brugada, R, Makita, N, Breckpot, J, Yoshinaga, M, Behr, E, Rydberg, A, Aiba, T, Kääb, S, Priori, S, Guicheney, P, Tan, H, Newton-Cheh, C, Ackerman, M, Schwartz, P, Schulze-Bahr, E, Probst, V, Horie, M, Wilde, A, Tanck, M, Bezzina, C, Lahrouchi N, Tadros R, Crotti L, Mizusawa Y, Postema PG, Beekman L, Walsh R, Hasegawa K, Barc J, Ernsting M, Turkowski KL, Mazzanti A, Beckmann BM, Shimamoto K, Diamant UB, Wijeyeratne YD, Kucho Y, Robyns T, Ishikawa T, Arbelo E, Christiansen M, Winbo A, Jabbari R, Lubitz SA, Steinfurt J, Rudic B, Loeys B, Shoemaker MB, Weeke PE, Pfeiffer R, Davies B, Andorin A, Hofman N, Dagradi F, Pedrazzini M, Tester DJ, Bos JM, Sarquella-Brugada G, Campuzano Ó, Platonov PG, Stallmeyer B, Zumhagen S, Nannenberg EA, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Shaw PJ, Morrison KE, Andersen PM, Müller-Nurasyid M, Cusi D, Barlassina C, Galan P, Lathrop M, Munter M, Werge T, Ribasés M, Aung T, Khor CC, Ozaki M, Lichtner P, Meitinger T, van Tintelen JP, Hoedemaekers Y, Denjoy I, Leenhardt A, Napolitano C, Shimizu W, Schott JJ, Gourraud JB, Makiyama T, Ohno S, Itoh H, Krahn AD, Antzelevitch C, Roden DM, Saenen J, Borggrefe M, Odening KE, Ellinor PT, Tfelt-Hansen J, Skinner JR, van den Berg MP, Olesen MS, Brugada J, Brugada R, Makita N, Breckpot J, Yoshinaga M, Behr ER, Rydberg A, Aiba T, Kääb S, Priori SG, Guicheney P, Tan HL, Newton-Cheh C, Ackerman MJ, Schwartz PJ, Schulze-Bahr E, Probst V, Horie M, Wilde AA, Tanck MWT, Bezzina CR., Lahrouchi, N, Tadros, R, Crotti, L, Mizusawa, Y, Postema, P, Beekman, L, Walsh, R, Hasegawa, K, Barc, J, Ernsting, M, Turkowski, K, Mazzanti, A, Beckmann, B, Shimamoto, K, Diamant, U, Wijeyeratne, Y, Kucho, Y, Robyns, T, Ishikawa, T, Arbelo, E, Christiansen, M, Winbo, A, Jabbari, R, Lubitz, S, Steinfurt, J, Rudic, B, Loeys, B, Shoemaker, M, Weeke, P, Pfeiffer, R, Davies, B, Andorin, A, Hofman, N, Dagradi, F, Pedrazzini, M, Tester, D, Bos, J, Sarquella-Brugada, G, Campuzano, Ó, Platonov, P, Stallmeyer, B, Zumhagen, S, Nannenberg, E, Veldink, J, van den Berg, L, Al-Chalabi, A, Shaw, C, Shaw, P, Morrison, K, Andersen, P, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Cusi, D, Barlassina, C, Galan, P, Lathrop, M, Munter, M, Werge, T, Ribasés, M, Aung, T, Khor, C, Ozaki, M, Lichtner, P, Meitinger, T, van Tintelen, J, Hoedemaekers, Y, Denjoy, I, Leenhardt, A, Napolitano, C, Shimizu, W, Schott, J, Gourraud, J, Makiyama, T, Ohno, S, Itoh, H, Krahn, A, Antzelevitch, C, Roden, D, Saenen, J, Borggrefe, M, Odening, K, Ellinor, P, Tfelt-Hansen, J, Skinner, J, van den Berg, M, Olesen, M, Brugada, J, Brugada, R, Makita, N, Breckpot, J, Yoshinaga, M, Behr, E, Rydberg, A, Aiba, T, Kääb, S, Priori, S, Guicheney, P, Tan, H, Newton-Cheh, C, Ackerman, M, Schwartz, P, Schulze-Bahr, E, Probst, V, Horie, M, Wilde, A, Tanck, M, Bezzina, C, Lahrouchi N, Tadros R, Crotti L, Mizusawa Y, Postema PG, Beekman L, Walsh R, Hasegawa K, Barc J, Ernsting M, Turkowski KL, Mazzanti A, Beckmann BM, Shimamoto K, Diamant UB, Wijeyeratne YD, Kucho Y, Robyns T, Ishikawa T, Arbelo E, Christiansen M, Winbo A, Jabbari R, Lubitz SA, Steinfurt J, Rudic B, Loeys B, Shoemaker MB, Weeke PE, Pfeiffer R, Davies B, Andorin A, Hofman N, Dagradi F, Pedrazzini M, Tester DJ, Bos JM, Sarquella-Brugada G, Campuzano Ó, Platonov PG, Stallmeyer B, Zumhagen S, Nannenberg EA, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Shaw PJ, Morrison KE, Andersen PM, Müller-Nurasyid M, Cusi D, Barlassina C, Galan P, Lathrop M, Munter M, Werge T, Ribasés M, Aung T, Khor CC, Ozaki M, Lichtner P, Meitinger T, van Tintelen JP, Hoedemaekers Y, Denjoy I, Leenhardt A, Napolitano C, Shimizu W, Schott JJ, Gourraud JB, Makiyama T, Ohno S, Itoh H, Krahn AD, Antzelevitch C, Roden DM, Saenen J, Borggrefe M, Odening KE, Ellinor PT, Tfelt-Hansen J, Skinner JR, van den Berg MP, Olesen MS, Brugada J, Brugada R, Makita N, Breckpot J, Yoshinaga M, Behr ER, Rydberg A, Aiba T, Kääb S, Priori SG, Guicheney P, Tan HL, Newton-Cheh C, Ackerman MJ, Schwartz PJ, Schulze-Bahr E, Probst V, Horie M, Wilde AA, Tanck MWT, and Bezzina CR.
Abstract: Background: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a rare genetic disorder and a major preventable cause of sudden cardiac death in the young. A causal rare genetic variant with large effect size is identified in up to 80% of probands (genotype positive) and cascade family screening shows incomplete penetrance of genetic variants. Furthermore, a proportion of cases meeting diagnostic criteria for LQTS remain genetically elusive despite genetic testing of established genes (genotype negative). These observations raise the possibility that common genetic variants with small effect size contribute to the clinical picture of LQTS. This study aimed to characterize and quantify the contribution of common genetic variation to LQTS disease susceptibility. Methods: We conducted genome-wide association studies followed by transethnic meta-analysis in 1656 unrelated patients with LQTS of European or Japanese ancestry and 9890 controls to identify susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms. We estimated the common variant heritability of LQTS and tested the genetic correlation between LQTS susceptibility and other cardiac traits. Furthermore, we tested the aggregate effect of the 68 single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with the QT-interval in the general population using a polygenic risk score. Results: Genome-wide association analysis identified 3 loci associated with LQTS at genome-wide statistical significance (P5×10-8) near NOS1AP, KCNQ1, and KLF12, and 1 missense variant in KCNE1(p.Asp85Asn) at the suggestive threshold (P10-6). Heritability analyses showed that ≈15% of variance in overall LQTS susceptibility was attributable to common genetic variation (h2SNP 0.148; standard error 0.019). LQTS susceptibility showed a strong genome-wide genetic correlation with the QT-interval in the general population (rg=0.40; P=3.2×10-3). The polygenic risk score comprising common variants previously associated with the QT-interval in the general population was greater in LQTS c
Published: 2020

4. Impact of Vertical Atmospheric Structure on an Atypical Fire in a Mountain Valley

Author: Ozaki, M, Harris, RMB, Love, PT, Aryal, J, Fox-Hughes, P, Williamson, GJ, Ozaki, M, Harris, RMB, Love, PT, Aryal, J, Fox-Hughes, P, and Williamson, GJ
Abstract: Wildfires are not only a natural part of many ecosystems, but they can also have disastrous consequences for humans, including in Australia. Rugged terrain adds to the difficulty of predicting fire behavior and fire spread, as fires often propagate contrary to expectations. Even though fire models generally incorporate weather, fuels, and topography, which are important factors affecting fire behavior, they usually only consider the surface wind; however, the more elevated winds should also be accounted for, in addition to surface winds, when predicting fire spread in rugged terrain because valley winds are often dynamically altered by the interaction of a layered atmosphere and the topography. Here, fire spread in rugged terrain was examined in a case study of the Riveaux Road Fire, which was ignited by multiple lightning strikes in January 2019 in southern Tasmania, Australia and burnt approximately 637.19 km2. Firstly, the number of conducive wind structures, which are defined as the combination of wind and temperature layers likely to result in enhanced surface wind, were counted by examining the vertical wind structure of the atmosphere, and the potential for above-surface winds to affect fire propagation was identified. Then, the multiple fire propagations were simulated using a new fire simulator (Prototype 2) motivated by the draft specification of the forthcoming new fire danger rating system, the Australian Fire Danger Rating System (AFDRS). Simulations were performed with one experiment group utilizing wind fields that included upper-air interactions, and two control groups that utilized downscaled wind from a model that only incorporated surface winds, to identify the impact of upper air interactions. Consequently, a detailed analysis showed that more conducive structures were commonly observed in the rugged terrain than in the other topography. In addition, the simulation of the experiment group performed better in predicting fire spread than those of t
Published: 2022

5. Slow contraction of flash aurora induced by an isolated chorus element ranging from lower-band to upper-band frequencies in the source region

Author: Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Yagitani, S. (Satoshi), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Tanaka, Y. (Yoshimasa), Ogawa, Y. (Yasunobu), Hosokawa, K. (Keisuke), Kasahara, Y. (Yoshiya), Ebihara, Y. (Yusuke), Miyoshi, Y. (Yoshizumi), Imamura, K. (Kousuke), Kataoka, R. (Ryuho), Oyama, S.-I. (Shin-Ichiro), Chida, T. (Teppei), Kadokura, A. (Akira), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Yagitani, S. (Satoshi), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Tanaka, Y. (Yoshimasa), Ogawa, Y. (Yasunobu), Hosokawa, K. (Keisuke), Kasahara, Y. (Yoshiya), Ebihara, Y. (Yusuke), Miyoshi, Y. (Yoshizumi), Imamura, K. (Kousuke), Kataoka, R. (Ryuho), Oyama, S.-I. (Shin-Ichiro), Chida, T. (Teppei), and Kadokura, A. (Akira)
Abstract: Flash aurora driven by an isolated chorus element can be a useful ionospheric indicator for identifying the source wave properties via wave-particle interactions. Using ground observation and modeling approaches, here we report the temporal characteristics of flash aurora that depend on the chorus frequency width and the sweep rate. We found that the contraction time increases more than the expansion time in patchy auroral variations, due to the difference in the minimum electron energies resonated with the chorus wave packet away from the equatorial source to higher latitudes. Especially, the contraction time strongly depends on the higher-frequency chorus waves due to cyclotron resonance with lower-energy electrons. The model calculations support that the chorus element ranges from lower-band to upper-band frequencies with respect to half the gyrofrequency at the exact generation region. Our study provides the prompt (milliseconds) chorus-driven electron dynamics through the spatiotemporal characteristics of flash aurora in the ionosphere.
Published: 2022

6. Magnetic conjugacy of Pc1 waves and isolated proton precipitation at subauroral latitudes: Importance of ionosphere as intensity modulation region

Author: Ozaki, M., Shiokawa, K., Horne, R.B., Engebretson, M.K., Lessard, M., Ogawa, Y., Hosokawa, K., Nose, M., Ebihara, Y., Kadokura, A., Yagitani, S., Miyoshi, Y., Hashimoto, S., Sinha, S., Sinha, A.K., Seemala, G.K., Jun, C.-W., Ozaki, M., Shiokawa, K., Horne, R.B., Engebretson, M.K., Lessard, M., Ogawa, Y., Hosokawa, K., Nose, M., Ebihara, Y., Kadokura, A., Yagitani, S., Miyoshi, Y., Hashimoto, S., Sinha, S., Sinha, A.K., Seemala, G.K., and Jun, C.-W.
Abstract: Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations, equivalent to electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the magnetosphere, display a specific amplitude modulation, though the region of the modulation remains an open issue. To classify whether the amplitude modulation has a magnetospheric or ionospheric origin, an isolated proton aurora (IPA), which is a proxy of Pc1 wave–particle interactions, is compared with the associated Pc1 waves for a geomagnetic conjugate pair, Halley Research Base in Antarctica and Nain in Canada. The temporal variation of an IPA shows a higher correlation coefficient (0.88) with Pc1 waves in the same hemisphere than that in the opposite hemisphere. This conjugate observation reveals that the classic cyclotron resonance is insufficient to determine the amplitude modulation. We suggest that direct wave radiation from the ionospheric current by IPA should also contribute to the amplitude modulation.
Published: 2021

7. Spatial Extent of Quasiperiodic Emissions Simultaneously Observed by Arase and Van Allen Probes on 29 November 2018

Author: Martinez‐Calderon, C., Němec, F., Katoh, Y., Shiokawa, K., Kletzing, C., Hospodarsky, G., Santolik, O., Kasahara, Y., Matsuda, S., Kumamoto, A., Tsuchiya, F., Matsuoka, A., Shoji, M., Teramoto, M., Kurita, S., Miyoshi, Y., Ozaki, M., Nishitani, N., Oinats, A. V., Kurkin, V. I., Martinez‐Calderon, C., Němec, F., Katoh, Y., Shiokawa, K., Kletzing, C., Hospodarsky, G., Santolik, O., Kasahara, Y., Matsuda, S., Kumamoto, A., Tsuchiya, F., Matsuoka, A., Shoji, M., Teramoto, M., Kurita, S., Miyoshi, Y., Ozaki, M., Nishitani, N., Oinats, A. V., and Kurkin, V. I.
Abstract: Recent availability of a considerable amount of satellite and ground-based data has allowed us to analyze rare conjugated events where extremely low and very low frequency waves from the same source region are observed in different locations. Here, we report a quasiperiodic (QP) emission, showing one-to-one correspondence, observed by three satellites in space (Arase and the Van Allen Probes) and a ground station. The main event was on 29 November 2018 from 12:06 to 13:08 UT during geomagnetically quiet times. Using the position of the satellites we estimated the spatial extent of the area where the one-to-one correspondence is observed. We found this to be up to 1.21 Earth's radii by 2.26 hr MLT, in radial and longitudinal directions, respectively. Using simple ray tracing calculations, we discuss the probable source location of these waves. At ∼12:20 UT, changes in the frequency sweep rate of the QP elements are observed at all locations associated with magnetic disturbances. We also discuss temporal changes of the spectral shape of QP observed simultaneously in space and on the ground, suggesting the changes are related to properties of the source mechanisms of the waves. This could be linked to two separate sources or a larger source region with different source intensities (i.e., electron flux). At frequencies below the low hybrid resonance, waves can experience attenuation and/or reflection in the magnetosphere. This could explain the sudden end of the observations at the spacecraft, which are moving away from the area where waves can propagate.
Published: 2021

8. Over-darkening of pulsating aurora

Author: Hosokawa, K. (K.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Oyama, S.-I. (S.-I.), Ogawa, Y. (Y.), Kurita, S. (S.), Kasahara, Y. (Y.), Kasaba, Y. (Y.), Yagitani, S. (S.), Matsuda, S. (S.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Tsuchiya, F. (F.), Kumamoto, A. (A.), Takashima, T. (T.), Shinohara, I. (I.), Fujii, R. (R.), Hosokawa, K. (K.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Oyama, S.-I. (S.-I.), Ogawa, Y. (Y.), Kurita, S. (S.), Kasahara, Y. (Y.), Kasaba, Y. (Y.), Yagitani, S. (S.), Matsuda, S. (S.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Tsuchiya, F. (F.), Kumamoto, A. (A.), Takashima, T. (T.), Shinohara, I. (I.), and Fujii, R. (R.)
Abstract: Recent analyses of high-time resolution ground-based optical observations of pulsating aurora (PsA) have reported that the brightness of PsA sometimes decreases below the diffuse background level immediately after the ON phase of the main pulsation finishes. To date, however, the generation mechanism of such an “over-darkening PsA” is still unclarified. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of the over-darkening PsA by using simultaneous observations of PsA with an electron multiplying charge coupled device all-sky camera in Sodankylä, Finland and the Arase satellite. During one of the conjunction events in Scandinavia on March 29, 2017, almost all the PsA pulses showed clear over-darkening characteristics. By analyzing the 2D all-sky images at the times of over-darkening we discovered that over-darkening areas appeared in the trailing edge of PsA patches and moved in tandem with the poleward propagating patches. It was also found that similar over-decreasing characteristics were not seen in the chorus data from the wave instruments onboard Arase located at the magnetospheric counterpart of PsA. These results indicate that the over-darkening PsA is not caused by a temporal variation of chorus at a fixed point, but is produced by a propagation of over-darkening area with PsA patches. That is, the over-darkening PsA is a result of compounding effects of spatial structure and recurrent propagation of PsA. The mechanism creating the dark area is still unknown, but the existence of over-darkening PsA suggests that the temporal variation of PsA is not always a perfect copy of the modulation of lower-band chorus waves in the magnetosphere.
Published: 2021

9. Study of spatiotemporal development of global distribution of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves using ground‐based and satellite observations, and RAM‐SCB simulations, for the March and November 2017 storms

Author: Takeshita, Y. (Yuhei), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Miyoshi, Y. (Yoshizumi), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Kasahara, Y. (Yoshiya), Oyama, S.-i. (Shin-ichiro), Connors, M. (Martin), Manninen, J. (Jyrki), Jordanova, V. K. (Vania K.), Baishev, D. (Dmitry), Oinats, A. (Alexey), Kurkin, V. (Vladimir), Takeshita, Y. (Yuhei), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Miyoshi, Y. (Yoshizumi), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Kasahara, Y. (Yoshiya), Oyama, S.-i. (Shin-ichiro), Connors, M. (Martin), Manninen, J. (Jyrki), Jordanova, V. K. (Vania K.), Baishev, D. (Dmitry), Oinats, A. (Alexey), and Kurkin, V. (Vladimir)
Abstract: Magnetospheric Extremely Low‐Frequency/Very Low‐Frequency (ELF/VLF) waves have an important role in the acceleration and loss of energetic electrons in the magnetosphere through wave‐particle interaction. It is necessary to understand the spatiotemporal development of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves to quantitatively estimate this effect of wave‐particle interaction, a global process not yet well understood. We investigated spatiotemporal development of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves using 6 PWING ground‐based stations at subauroral latitudes, Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace and RBSP satellites, POES/MetOp satellites, and the RAM‐SCB model, focusing on the March and November 2017 storms driven by corotating interaction regions in the solar wind. Our results show that the ELF/VLF waves are enhanced over a longitudinal extent from midnight to morning and dayside associated with substorm electron injections. In the main to early storm recovery phase, we observe continuous ELF/VLF waves from ∼0 to ∼12 MLT in the dawn sector. This wide extent seems to be caused by frequent occurrence of substorms. The wave region expands eastward in association with the drift of source electrons injected by substorms from the nightside. We also observed dayside ELF/VLF wave enhancement, possibly driven by magnetospheric compression by solar wind, over an MLT extent of at least 5 h. Ground observations tend not to observe ELF/VLF waves in the post‐midnight sector, although other methods clearly show the existence of waves. This is possibly due to Landau damping of the waves, the absence of the plasma density duct structure, and/or enhanced auroral ionization of the ionosphere in the post‐midnight sector.
Published: 2021

10. Magnetic conjugacy of Pc1 waves and isolated proton precipitation at subauroral latitudes: Importance of ionosphere as intensity modulation region

Author: Ozaki, M., Shiokawa, K., Horne, R.B., Engebretson, M.K., Lessard, M., Ogawa, Y., Hosokawa, K., Nose, M., Ebihara, Y., Kadokura, A., Yagitani, S., Miyoshi, Y., Hashimoto, S., Sinha, S., Sinha, A.K., Seemala, G.K., Jun, C.-W., Ozaki, M., Shiokawa, K., Horne, R.B., Engebretson, M.K., Lessard, M., Ogawa, Y., Hosokawa, K., Nose, M., Ebihara, Y., Kadokura, A., Yagitani, S., Miyoshi, Y., Hashimoto, S., Sinha, S., Sinha, A.K., Seemala, G.K., and Jun, C.-W.
Abstract: Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations, equivalent to electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the magnetosphere, display a specific amplitude modulation, though the region of the modulation remains an open issue. To classify whether the amplitude modulation has a magnetospheric or ionospheric origin, an isolated proton aurora (IPA), which is a proxy of Pc1 wave–particle interactions, is compared with the associated Pc1 waves for a geomagnetic conjugate pair, Halley Research Base in Antarctica and Nain in Canada. The temporal variation of an IPA shows a higher correlation coefficient (0.88) with Pc1 waves in the same hemisphere than that in the opposite hemisphere. This conjugate observation reveals that the classic cyclotron resonance is insufficient to determine the amplitude modulation. We suggest that direct wave radiation from the ionospheric current by IPA should also contribute to the amplitude modulation.
Published: 2021

11. Transethnic Genome-Wide Association Study Provides Insights in the Genetic Architecture and Heritability of Long QT Syndrome .

Author: Lahrouchi, N., Tadros, R., Crotti, L., Mizusawa, Y., Postema, P.G., Beekman, L., Walsh, R., Hasegawa, K., Barc, J., Ernsting, M., Turkowski, K.L., Mazzanti, A., Beckmann, B.M., Shimamoto, K., Diamant, U.B., Wijeyeratne, Y.D., Kucho, Y., Robyns, T., Ishikawa, T., Arbelo, E., Christiansen, M., Winbo, A., Jabbari, R., Lubitz, S.A., Steinfurt, J., Rudic, B., Loeys, B., Shoemaker, M.B., Weeke, P.E., Pfeiffer, R., Davies, B., Andorin, A., Hofman, N., Dagradi, F., Pedrazzini, M., Tester, D.J., Bos, J.M, Sarquella-Brugada, G., Campuzano, Ó., Platonov, P.G., Stallmeyer, B., Zumhagen, S., Nannenberg, E.A., Veldink, J.H., Berg, L.H. van den, Al-Chalabi, A., Shaw, C.E., Shaw, P.J., Morrison, K.E., Andersen, P.M., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Cusi, D., Barlassina, C., Galan, P., Lathrop, M., Munter, M., Werge, T., Ribasés, M., Aung, T., Khor, C.C., Ozaki, M., Lichtner, P., Meitinger, T., Tintelen, J.P. van, Hoedemaekers, Y.M., Denjoy, I., Leenhardt, A., Napolitano, C., Shimizu, W., Schott, J.J., Gourraud, J.B., Makiyama, T., Ohno, S., Itoh, H., Krahn, A.D., Antzelevitch, C., Roden, D.M., Saenen, J., Borggrefe, M., Odening, K.E., Ellinor, P.T., Tfelt-Hansen, J., Skinner, J.R., Berg, M.P., Olesen, M.S., Brugada, J., Brugada, R., Makita, N., Breckpot, J., Yoshinaga, M., Behr, E.R., Rydberg, A., Aiba, T., Kääb, S., Priori, S.G., Guicheney, P., Tan, H.L., Newton-Cheh, C., Ackerman, M.J., Schwartz, P.J., Lahrouchi, N., Tadros, R., Crotti, L., Mizusawa, Y., Postema, P.G., Beekman, L., Walsh, R., Hasegawa, K., Barc, J., Ernsting, M., Turkowski, K.L., Mazzanti, A., Beckmann, B.M., Shimamoto, K., Diamant, U.B., Wijeyeratne, Y.D., Kucho, Y., Robyns, T., Ishikawa, T., Arbelo, E., Christiansen, M., Winbo, A., Jabbari, R., Lubitz, S.A., Steinfurt, J., Rudic, B., Loeys, B., Shoemaker, M.B., Weeke, P.E., Pfeiffer, R., Davies, B., Andorin, A., Hofman, N., Dagradi, F., Pedrazzini, M., Tester, D.J., Bos, J.M, Sarquella-Brugada, G., Campuzano, Ó., Platonov, P.G., Stallmeyer, B., Zumhagen, S., Nannenberg, E.A., Veldink, J.H., Berg, L.H. van den, Al-Chalabi, A., Shaw, C.E., Shaw, P.J., Morrison, K.E., Andersen, P.M., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Cusi, D., Barlassina, C., Galan, P., Lathrop, M., Munter, M., Werge, T., Ribasés, M., Aung, T., Khor, C.C., Ozaki, M., Lichtner, P., Meitinger, T., Tintelen, J.P. van, Hoedemaekers, Y.M., Denjoy, I., Leenhardt, A., Napolitano, C., Shimizu, W., Schott, J.J., Gourraud, J.B., Makiyama, T., Ohno, S., Itoh, H., Krahn, A.D., Antzelevitch, C., Roden, D.M., Saenen, J., Borggrefe, M., Odening, K.E., Ellinor, P.T., Tfelt-Hansen, J., Skinner, J.R., Berg, M.P., Olesen, M.S., Brugada, J., Brugada, R., Makita, N., Breckpot, J., Yoshinaga, M., Behr, E.R., Rydberg, A., Aiba, T., Kääb, S., Priori, S.G., Guicheney, P., Tan, H.L., Newton-Cheh, C., Ackerman, M.J., and Schwartz, P.J.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 230155.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2020

12. Development of low-cost multi-wavelength imager system for studies of aurora and airglow

Author: Ogawa, Y., Tanaka, Y., Kadokura, A., Hosokawa, K., Ebihara, Y., Motoba, T., Gustavsson, B., Brändström, U., Sato, Y., Oyama, S., Ozaki, M., Raita, T., Sigernes, F., Nozawa, S., Shiokawa, K., Kosch, M., Kauristie, K., Hall, C., Suzuki, S., Miyoshi, Y., Gerrard, A., Miyaoka, H., Fujii, R., Ogawa, Y., Tanaka, Y., Kadokura, A., Hosokawa, K., Ebihara, Y., Motoba, T., Gustavsson, B., Brändström, U., Sato, Y., Oyama, S., Ozaki, M., Raita, T., Sigernes, F., Nozawa, S., Shiokawa, K., Kosch, M., Kauristie, K., Hall, C., Suzuki, S., Miyoshi, Y., Gerrard, A., Miyaoka, H., and Fujii, R.
Abstract: This paper introduces a new system that can monitor aurora and atmospheric airglow using a low-cost Watec monochromatic imager (WMI) equipped with a sensitive camera, a filter with high transmittance, and the non-telecentric optics. The WMI system with 486-nm, 558-nm, and 630-nm band-pass filters has observable luminosity of about ~200–4000 Rayleigh for 1.07-sec exposure time and about ~40–1200 Rayleigh for 4.27-sec exposure time, for example. It is demonstrated that the WMI system is capable of detecting 428-nm auroral intensities properly, through comparison with those measured with a collocated electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) imager system with narrower band-pass filter. The WMI system has two distinct advantages over the existing system: One makes it possible to reduce overall costs, and the other is that it enables the continuous observation even under twilight and moonlight conditions. Since 2013 a set of multi-wavelength WMIs has been operating in northern Scandinavia, Svalbard, and Antarctica to study meso- and large-scale aurora and airglow phenomena. Future development of the low-cost WMI system is expected to provide a great opportunity for constructing a global network for multi-wavelength aurora and airglow monitoring.
Published: 2020

13. Transethnic Genome-Wide Association Study Provides Insights in the Genetic Architecture and Heritability of Long QT Syndrome .

Author: Lahrouchi, N., Tadros, R., Crotti, L., Mizusawa, Y., Postema, P.G., Beekman, L., Walsh, R., Hasegawa, K., Barc, J., Ernsting, M., Turkowski, K.L., Mazzanti, A., Beckmann, B.M., Shimamoto, K., Diamant, U.B., Wijeyeratne, Y.D., Kucho, Y., Robyns, T., Ishikawa, T., Arbelo, E., Christiansen, M., Winbo, A., Jabbari, R., Lubitz, S.A., Steinfurt, J., Rudic, B., Loeys, B., Shoemaker, M.B., Weeke, P.E., Pfeiffer, R., Davies, B., Andorin, A., Hofman, N., Dagradi, F., Pedrazzini, M., Tester, D.J., Bos, J.M, Sarquella-Brugada, G., Campuzano, Ó., Platonov, P.G., Stallmeyer, B., Zumhagen, S., Nannenberg, E.A., Veldink, J.H., Berg, L.H. van den, Al-Chalabi, A., Shaw, C.E., Shaw, P.J., Morrison, K.E., Andersen, P.M., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Cusi, D., Barlassina, C., Galan, P., Lathrop, M., Munter, M., Werge, T., Ribasés, M., Aung, T., Khor, C.C., Ozaki, M., Lichtner, P., Meitinger, T., Tintelen, J.P. van, Hoedemaekers, Y.M., Denjoy, I., Leenhardt, A., Napolitano, C., Shimizu, W., Schott, J.J., Gourraud, J.B., Makiyama, T., Ohno, S., Itoh, H., Krahn, A.D., Antzelevitch, C., Roden, D.M., Saenen, J., Borggrefe, M., Odening, K.E., Ellinor, P.T., Tfelt-Hansen, J., Skinner, J.R., Berg, M.P., Olesen, M.S., Brugada, J., Brugada, R., Makita, N., Breckpot, J., Yoshinaga, M., Behr, E.R., Rydberg, A., Aiba, T., Kääb, S., Priori, S.G., Guicheney, P., Tan, H.L., Newton-Cheh, C., Ackerman, M.J., Schwartz, P.J., Lahrouchi, N., Tadros, R., Crotti, L., Mizusawa, Y., Postema, P.G., Beekman, L., Walsh, R., Hasegawa, K., Barc, J., Ernsting, M., Turkowski, K.L., Mazzanti, A., Beckmann, B.M., Shimamoto, K., Diamant, U.B., Wijeyeratne, Y.D., Kucho, Y., Robyns, T., Ishikawa, T., Arbelo, E., Christiansen, M., Winbo, A., Jabbari, R., Lubitz, S.A., Steinfurt, J., Rudic, B., Loeys, B., Shoemaker, M.B., Weeke, P.E., Pfeiffer, R., Davies, B., Andorin, A., Hofman, N., Dagradi, F., Pedrazzini, M., Tester, D.J., Bos, J.M, Sarquella-Brugada, G., Campuzano, Ó., Platonov, P.G., Stallmeyer, B., Zumhagen, S., Nannenberg, E.A., Veldink, J.H., Berg, L.H. van den, Al-Chalabi, A., Shaw, C.E., Shaw, P.J., Morrison, K.E., Andersen, P.M., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Cusi, D., Barlassina, C., Galan, P., Lathrop, M., Munter, M., Werge, T., Ribasés, M., Aung, T., Khor, C.C., Ozaki, M., Lichtner, P., Meitinger, T., Tintelen, J.P. van, Hoedemaekers, Y.M., Denjoy, I., Leenhardt, A., Napolitano, C., Shimizu, W., Schott, J.J., Gourraud, J.B., Makiyama, T., Ohno, S., Itoh, H., Krahn, A.D., Antzelevitch, C., Roden, D.M., Saenen, J., Borggrefe, M., Odening, K.E., Ellinor, P.T., Tfelt-Hansen, J., Skinner, J.R., Berg, M.P., Olesen, M.S., Brugada, J., Brugada, R., Makita, N., Breckpot, J., Yoshinaga, M., Behr, E.R., Rydberg, A., Aiba, T., Kääb, S., Priori, S.G., Guicheney, P., Tan, H.L., Newton-Cheh, C., Ackerman, M.J., and Schwartz, P.J.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 230155.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2020

14. Transethnic Genome-Wide Association Study Provides Insights in the Genetic Architecture and Heritability of Long QT Syndrome .

Author: Lahrouchi, N., Tadros, R., Crotti, L., Mizusawa, Y., Postema, P.G., Beekman, L., Walsh, R., Hasegawa, K., Barc, J., Ernsting, M., Turkowski, K.L., Mazzanti, A., Beckmann, B.M., Shimamoto, K., Diamant, U.B., Wijeyeratne, Y.D., Kucho, Y., Robyns, T., Ishikawa, T., Arbelo, E., Christiansen, M., Winbo, A., Jabbari, R., Lubitz, S.A., Steinfurt, J., Rudic, B., Loeys, B., Shoemaker, M.B., Weeke, P.E., Pfeiffer, R., Davies, B., Andorin, A., Hofman, N., Dagradi, F., Pedrazzini, M., Tester, D.J., Bos, J.M, Sarquella-Brugada, G., Campuzano, Ó., Platonov, P.G., Stallmeyer, B., Zumhagen, S., Nannenberg, E.A., Veldink, J.H., Berg, L.H. van den, Al-Chalabi, A., Shaw, C.E., Shaw, P.J., Morrison, K.E., Andersen, P.M., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Cusi, D., Barlassina, C., Galan, P., Lathrop, M., Munter, M., Werge, T., Ribasés, M., Aung, T., Khor, C.C., Ozaki, M., Lichtner, P., Meitinger, T., Tintelen, J.P. van, Hoedemaekers, Y.M., Denjoy, I., Leenhardt, A., Napolitano, C., Shimizu, W., Schott, J.J., Gourraud, J.B., Makiyama, T., Ohno, S., Itoh, H., Krahn, A.D., Antzelevitch, C., Roden, D.M., Saenen, J., Borggrefe, M., Odening, K.E., Ellinor, P.T., Tfelt-Hansen, J., Skinner, J.R., Berg, M.P., Olesen, M.S., Brugada, J., Brugada, R., Makita, N., Breckpot, J., Yoshinaga, M., Behr, E.R., Rydberg, A., Aiba, T., Kääb, S., Priori, S.G., Guicheney, P., Tan, H.L., Newton-Cheh, C., Ackerman, M.J., Schwartz, P.J., Lahrouchi, N., Tadros, R., Crotti, L., Mizusawa, Y., Postema, P.G., Beekman, L., Walsh, R., Hasegawa, K., Barc, J., Ernsting, M., Turkowski, K.L., Mazzanti, A., Beckmann, B.M., Shimamoto, K., Diamant, U.B., Wijeyeratne, Y.D., Kucho, Y., Robyns, T., Ishikawa, T., Arbelo, E., Christiansen, M., Winbo, A., Jabbari, R., Lubitz, S.A., Steinfurt, J., Rudic, B., Loeys, B., Shoemaker, M.B., Weeke, P.E., Pfeiffer, R., Davies, B., Andorin, A., Hofman, N., Dagradi, F., Pedrazzini, M., Tester, D.J., Bos, J.M, Sarquella-Brugada, G., Campuzano, Ó., Platonov, P.G., Stallmeyer, B., Zumhagen, S., Nannenberg, E.A., Veldink, J.H., Berg, L.H. van den, Al-Chalabi, A., Shaw, C.E., Shaw, P.J., Morrison, K.E., Andersen, P.M., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Cusi, D., Barlassina, C., Galan, P., Lathrop, M., Munter, M., Werge, T., Ribasés, M., Aung, T., Khor, C.C., Ozaki, M., Lichtner, P., Meitinger, T., Tintelen, J.P. van, Hoedemaekers, Y.M., Denjoy, I., Leenhardt, A., Napolitano, C., Shimizu, W., Schott, J.J., Gourraud, J.B., Makiyama, T., Ohno, S., Itoh, H., Krahn, A.D., Antzelevitch, C., Roden, D.M., Saenen, J., Borggrefe, M., Odening, K.E., Ellinor, P.T., Tfelt-Hansen, J., Skinner, J.R., Berg, M.P., Olesen, M.S., Brugada, J., Brugada, R., Makita, N., Breckpot, J., Yoshinaga, M., Behr, E.R., Rydberg, A., Aiba, T., Kääb, S., Priori, S.G., Guicheney, P., Tan, H.L., Newton-Cheh, C., Ackerman, M.J., and Schwartz, P.J.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 230155.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2020

15. Direct comparison between magnetospheric plasma waves and polar mesosphere winter echoes in both hemispheres

Author: National Institute of Polar Research, Japan, Polar Environment Data Science Center, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Japan, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan, National Institute of Polar Research, Japan, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Japan, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Japan, National Institute of Polar Research, Japan, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Japan, University of Oulu, Finland, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Japan, University of Oulu, Finland, The University of Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Japan, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan, Kagoshima National College of Technology, Japan, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, The University of Electro-Communications, Japan, Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, Germany, Tanaka, Y.‐M., Nishiyama, T., Kadokura, A., Ozaki, M., Miyoshi, Y., Shiokawa, K., Oyama, S.‐I., Kataoka, R., Tsutsumi, M., Nishimura, K., Sato, K., Kasahara, Y., Kumamoto, A., Tsuchiya, F., Fukizawa, M., Hikishima, M., Matsuda, S., Matsuoka, A., Shinohara, I., Nosé, M., Nagatsuma, T., Shinohara, M., Fujimoto, A., Teramoto, M., Nomura, R., Sessai Yukimatu, A., Hosokawa, K., Shoji, M., Latteck, R., National Institute of Polar Research, Japan, Polar Environment Data Science Center, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Japan, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan, National Institute of Polar Research, Japan, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Japan, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Japan, National Institute of Polar Research, Japan, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Japan, University of Oulu, Finland, Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Japan, University of Oulu, Finland, The University of Tokyo, Japan, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Japan, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan, Kagoshima National College of Technology, Japan, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, The University of Electro-Communications, Japan, Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, Germany, Tanaka, Y.‐M., Nishiyama, T., Kadokura, A., Ozaki, M., Miyoshi, Y., Shiokawa, K., Oyama, S.‐I., Kataoka, R., Tsutsumi, M., Nishimura, K., Sato, K., Kasahara, Y., Kumamoto, A., Tsuchiya, F., Fukizawa, M., Hikishima, M., Matsuda, S., Matsuoka, A., Shinohara, I., Nosé, M., Nagatsuma, T., Shinohara, M., Fujimoto, A., Teramoto, M., Nomura, R., Sessai Yukimatu, A., Hosokawa, K., Shoji, M., and Latteck, R.
Abstract: type:Journal Article, We present the first and direct comparison between magnetospheric plasma waves and polar mesosphere winter echoes (PMWE) simultaneously observed by the conjugate observation with Arase satellite and high‐power atmospheric radars in both hemispheres, namely, the Program of the Antarctic Syowa Mesosphere, Stratosphere, and Troposphere/Incoherent Scatter Radar (PANSY) at Syowa Station (SYO; ‐69.00°S, 39.58°E), Antarctica, and the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) at Andøya (AND; 69.30°N, 16.04°E), Norway. The PMWE were observed during 03‐07 UT on March 21, 2017, just after the arrival of corotating interaction region (CIR) in front of high‐speed solar wind stream. An isolated substorm occurred at 04 UT during this interval. Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and whistler‐mode chorus waves were simultaneously observed near the magnetic equator and showed similar temporal variations to that of the PMWE. These results indicate that chorus waves as well as EMIC waves are drivers of precipitation of energetic electrons, including relativistic electrons, which make PMWE detectable at 55‐80 km altitude. Cosmic noise absorption (CNA) measured with a 38.2‐MHz imaging riometer and low‐altitude echoes at 55‐70 km measured with an MF radar at SYO also support the relativistic electron precipitation. We suggest a possible scenario in which the various phenomena observed in near‐Earth space, such as magnetospheric plasma waves (EMIC waves and chorus waves), pulsating auroras, CNA, and PMWE, can be explained by the interaction between the high‐speed solar wind containing CIRs and the magnetosphere.
Published: 2020

16. Development of low-cost multi-wavelength imager system for studies of aurora and airglow

Author: Ogawa, Y. (Y.), Tanaka, Y. (Y.), Kadokura, A. (A.), Hosokawa, K. (K.), Ebihara, Y. (Y.), Motoba, T. (T.), Gustavsson, B. (B.), Brändström, U. (U.), Sato, Y. (Y.), Oyama, S. (S.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Raita, T. (T.), Sigernes, F. (F.), Nozawa, S. (S.), Shiokawa, K. (K.), Kosch, M. (M.), Kauristie, K. (K.), Hall, C. (C.), Suzuki, S. (S.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Gerrard, A. (A.), Miyaoka, H. (H.), Fujii, R. (R.), Ogawa, Y. (Y.), Tanaka, Y. (Y.), Kadokura, A. (A.), Hosokawa, K. (K.), Ebihara, Y. (Y.), Motoba, T. (T.), Gustavsson, B. (B.), Brändström, U. (U.), Sato, Y. (Y.), Oyama, S. (S.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Raita, T. (T.), Sigernes, F. (F.), Nozawa, S. (S.), Shiokawa, K. (K.), Kosch, M. (M.), Kauristie, K. (K.), Hall, C. (C.), Suzuki, S. (S.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Gerrard, A. (A.), Miyaoka, H. (H.), and Fujii, R. (R.)
Abstract: This paper introduces a new system that can monitor aurora and atmospheric airglow using a low-cost Watec monochromatic imager (WMI) equipped with a sensitive camera, a filter with high transmittance, and the non-telecentric optics. The WMI system with 486-nm, 558-nm, and 630-nm band-pass filters has observable luminosity of about ~200–4000 Rayleigh for 1.07-sec exposure time and about ~40–1200 Rayleigh for 4.27-sec exposure time, for example. It is demonstrated that the WMI system is capable of detecting 428-nm auroral intensities properly, through comparison with those measured with a collocated electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) imager system with narrower band-pass filter. The WMI system has two distinct advantages over the existing system: One makes it possible to reduce overall costs, and the other is that it enables the continuous observation even under twilight and moonlight conditions. Since 2013 a set of multi-wavelength WMIs has been operating in northern Scandinavia, Svalbard, and Antarctica to study meso- and large-scale aurora and airglow phenomena. Future development of the low-cost WMI system is expected to provide a great opportunity for constructing a global network for multi-wavelength aurora and airglow monitoring.
Published: 2020

17. Fine‐scale visualization of aurora in a wide area using color digital camera images from the international space station

Author: Nanjo, S. (Sota), Hozumi, Y. (Yuta), Hosokawa, K. (Keisuke), Kataoka, R. (Ryuho), Miyoshi, Y. (Yoshizumi), Oyama, S.-i. (Shin-ichiro), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Kurita, S. (Satoshi), Nanjo, S. (Sota), Hozumi, Y. (Yuta), Hosokawa, K. (Keisuke), Kataoka, R. (Ryuho), Miyoshi, Y. (Yoshizumi), Oyama, S.-i. (Shin-ichiro), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), and Kurita, S. (Satoshi)
Abstract: The full‐color photographs of aurora have been taken with digital single‐lens reflex cameras mounted on the International Space Station (ISS). Since these photographs do not have accurate time and geographical information, in order to use them as scientific data, it is necessary to calibrate the imaging parameters (such as looking direction and angle of view of the camera) of the photographs. For this purpose, we calibrated the imaging parameters using a city light image taken from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellite following the method of Hozumi et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0532-z). We mapped the photographs onto the geographic coordinate system using the calibrated imaging parameters. To evaluate the accuracy of the mapping, we compared the aurora taken simultaneously from ISS and ground. Comparing the spatial structure of discrete aurora and the temporal variation of pulsating aurora, the accuracy of the data set is less than 0.3 s in time and less than 5 km in space in the direction perpendicular to the looking direction of the camera. The generated data set has a wide field of view (~ 1,100 × 900 km), and their temporal resolution is less than 1 s. Not only that, the field of view can sweep a wide area (~ 3,000 km in longitude) in a short time (~ 10 min). Thus, this new imaging capability will enable us to capture the evolution of fine‐scale spatial structure of aurora in a wide area.
Published: 2020

18. Multiple time-scale beats in aurora:precise orchestration via magnetospheric chorus waves

Author: Hosokawa, K. (K.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Oyama, S.-I. (S.-I.), Ogawa, Y. (Y.), Kurita, S. (S.), Kasahara, Y. (Y.), Kasaba, Y. (Y.), Yagitani, S. (S.), Matsuda, S. (S.), Tsuchiya, F. (F.), Kumamoto, A. (A.), Kataoka, R. (R.), Shiokawa, K. (K.), Raita, T. (T.), Turunen, E. (E.), Takashima, T. (T.), Shinohara, I. (I.), Fujii, R. (R.), Hosokawa, K. (K.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Oyama, S.-I. (S.-I.), Ogawa, Y. (Y.), Kurita, S. (S.), Kasahara, Y. (Y.), Kasaba, Y. (Y.), Yagitani, S. (S.), Matsuda, S. (S.), Tsuchiya, F. (F.), Kumamoto, A. (A.), Kataoka, R. (R.), Shiokawa, K. (K.), Raita, T. (T.), Turunen, E. (E.), Takashima, T. (T.), Shinohara, I. (I.), and Fujii, R. (R.)
Abstract: The brightness of aurorae in Earth’s polar region often beats with periods ranging from sub-second to a few tens of a second. Past observations showed that the beat of the aurora is composed of a superposition of two independent periodicities that co-exist hierarchically. However, the origin of such multiple time-scale beats in aurora remains poorly understood due to a lack of measurements with sufficiently high temporal resolution. By coordinating experiments using ultrafast auroral imagers deployed in the Arctic with the newly-launched magnetospheric satellite Arase, we succeeded in identifying an excellent agreement between the beats in aurorae and intensity modulations of natural electromagnetic waves in space called “chorus”. In particular, sub-second scintillations of aurorae are precisely controlled by fine-scale chirping rhythms in chorus. The observation of this striking correlation demonstrates that resonant interaction between energetic electrons and chorus waves in magnetospheres orchestrates the complex behavior of aurora on Earth and other magnetized planets.
Published: 2020

19. Development of low-cost multi-wavelength imager system for studies of aurora and airglow

Author: Ogawa, Y., Tanaka, Y., Kadokura, A., Hosokawa, K., Ebihara, Y., Motoba, T., Gustavsson, B., Brändström, U., Sato, Y., Oyama, S., Ozaki, M., Raita, T., Sigernes, F., Nozawa, S., Shiokawa, K., Kosch, M., Kauristie, K., Hall, C., Suzuki, S., Miyoshi, Y., Gerrard, A., Miyaoka, H., Fujii, R., Ogawa, Y., Tanaka, Y., Kadokura, A., Hosokawa, K., Ebihara, Y., Motoba, T., Gustavsson, B., Brändström, U., Sato, Y., Oyama, S., Ozaki, M., Raita, T., Sigernes, F., Nozawa, S., Shiokawa, K., Kosch, M., Kauristie, K., Hall, C., Suzuki, S., Miyoshi, Y., Gerrard, A., Miyaoka, H., and Fujii, R.
Abstract: This paper introduces a new system that can monitor aurora and atmospheric airglow using a low-cost Watec monochromatic imager (WMI) equipped with a sensitive camera, a filter with high transmittance, and the non-telecentric optics. The WMI system with 486-nm, 558-nm, and 630-nm band-pass filters has observable luminosity of about ~200–4000 Rayleigh for 1.07-sec exposure time and about ~40–1200 Rayleigh for 4.27-sec exposure time, for example. It is demonstrated that the WMI system is capable of detecting 428-nm auroral intensities properly, through comparison with those measured with a collocated electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) imager system with narrower band-pass filter. The WMI system has two distinct advantages over the existing system: One makes it possible to reduce overall costs, and the other is that it enables the continuous observation even under twilight and moonlight conditions. Since 2013 a set of multi-wavelength WMIs has been operating in northern Scandinavia, Svalbard, and Antarctica to study meso- and large-scale aurora and airglow phenomena. Future development of the low-cost WMI system is expected to provide a great opportunity for constructing a global network for multi-wavelength aurora and airglow monitoring.
Published: 2020

20. Longitudinal extent of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves using multipoint PWING ground stations at subauroral latitudes

Author: Takeshita, Y. (Yuhei), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Manninen, J. (Jyrki), Oyama, S. (Shin‐Ichiro), Connors, M. (Martin), Baishev, D. (Dmitry), Kurkin, V. (Vladimir), Oinats, A. (Alexey), Takeshita, Y. (Yuhei), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Manninen, J. (Jyrki), Oyama, S. (Shin‐Ichiro), Connors, M. (Martin), Baishev, D. (Dmitry), Kurkin, V. (Vladimir), and Oinats, A. (Alexey)
Abstract: Magnetospheric extremely low frequency/very low frequency (ELF/VLF) waves are plasma waves emitted from high‐energy electrons in the magnetosphere. These waves have received much attention, as they contribute to the acceleration and loss of relativistic electrons in the radiation belts through wave‐particle interactions. The longitudinal extent of ELF/VLF waves has not been well‐understood, although the extent is important in quantitative evaluation of relativistic electron variations. In this study, we analyzed data from continuous ground‐based simultaneous observations of ELF/VLF waves over a 2‐month period in November and December of 2017, using six loop antennas located at roughly equal intervals around the north geomagnetic pole at ∼60° magnetic latitudes. We estimated the longitudinal extent of magnetospheric ELF/VLF waves based on their occurrence rate. Our results showed that the ELF/VLF wave occurrence rate differed by twofold to threefold, depending on the longitudes of the observation sites. We explain this difference in terms of longitudinal differences in the ionosphere’s magnetic field intensity, possibly due to the electron loss that occurs during the bounce motion at longitudes of small magnetic field intensity. Based on our statistical analysis, we estimated the typical longitudinal extent of ELF/VLF waves as ∼76°. Time series analysis results showed that the large longitudinal extent of the ELF/VLF waves occurs frequently during the main phase of geomagnetic storms and is also associated with substorms represented by the auroral electrojet index.
Published: 2019

21. Direct comparison between magnetospheric plasma waves and polar mesosphere winter echoes in both hemispheres

Author: Tanaka, Y. (Y.‐M.), Nishiyama, T. (T.), Kadokura, A. (A.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Shiokawa, K. (K.), Oyama, S. (S.‐I.), Kataoka, R. (R.), Tsutsumi, M. (M.), Nishimura, K. (K.), Sato, K. (K.), Kasahara, Y. (Y.), Kumamoto, A. (A.), Tsuchiya, F. (F.), Fukizawa, M. (M.), Hikishima, M. (M.), Matsuda, S. (S.), Matsuoka, A. (A.), Shinohara, I. (I.), Nosé, M. (M.), Nagatsuma, T. (T.), Shinohara, M. (M.), Fujimoto, A. (A.), Teramoto, M. (M.), Nomura, R. (R.), Yukimatu, A. S. (A. Sessai), Hosokawa, K. (K.), Shoji, M. (M.), Latteck, R. (R.), Tanaka, Y. (Y.‐M.), Nishiyama, T. (T.), Kadokura, A. (A.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Shiokawa, K. (K.), Oyama, S. (S.‐I.), Kataoka, R. (R.), Tsutsumi, M. (M.), Nishimura, K. (K.), Sato, K. (K.), Kasahara, Y. (Y.), Kumamoto, A. (A.), Tsuchiya, F. (F.), Fukizawa, M. (M.), Hikishima, M. (M.), Matsuda, S. (S.), Matsuoka, A. (A.), Shinohara, I. (I.), Nosé, M. (M.), Nagatsuma, T. (T.), Shinohara, M. (M.), Fujimoto, A. (A.), Teramoto, M. (M.), Nomura, R. (R.), Yukimatu, A. S. (A. Sessai), Hosokawa, K. (K.), Shoji, M. (M.), and Latteck, R. (R.)
Abstract: We present the first and direct comparison between magnetospheric plasma waves and polar mesosphere winter echoes (PMWE) simultaneously observed by the conjugate observation with Arase satellite and high‐power atmospheric radars in both hemispheres, namely, the Program of the Antarctic Syowa Mesosphere, Stratosphere, and Troposphere/Incoherent Scatter Radar at Syowa Station (SYO; −69.00°S, 39.58°E), Antarctica, and the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System at Andøya (AND; 69.30°N, 16.04°E), Norway. The PMWE were observed during 03–07 UT on 21 March 2017, just after the arrival of corotating interaction region in front of high‐speed solar wind stream. An isolated substorm occurred at 04 UT during this interval. Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and whistler mode chorus waves were simultaneously observed near the magnetic equator and showed similar temporal variations to that of the PMWE. These results indicate that chorus waves as well as EMIC waves are drivers of precipitation of energetic electrons, including relativistic electrons, which make PMWE detectable at 55‐ to 80‐km altitude. Cosmic noise absorption measured with a 38.2‐MHz imaging riometer and low‐altitude echoes at 55–70 km measured with an medium‐frequency radar at SYO also support the relativistic electron precipitation. We suggest a possible scenario in which the various phenomena observed in near‐Earth space, such as magnetospheric plasma waves (EMIC waves and chorus waves), pulsating auroras, cosmic noise absorption, and PMWE, can be explained by the interaction between the high‐speed solar wind containing corotating interaction regions and the magnetosphere.
Published: 2019

22. Visualization of rapid electron precipitation via chorus element wave-particle interactions

Author: Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Miyoshi, Y. (Yoshizumi), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Hosokawa, K. (Keisuke), Oyama, S.-i. (Shin-ichiro), Kataoka, R. (Ryuho), Ebihara, Y. (Yusuke), Ogawa, Y. (Yasunobu), Kasahara, Y. (Yoshiya), Yagitani, S. (Satoshi), Kasaba, Y. (Yasumasa), Kumamoto, A. (Atsushi), Tsuchiya, F. (Fuminori), Matsuda, S. (Shoya), Katoh, Y. (Yuto), Hikishima, M. (Mitsuru), Kurita, S. (Satoshi), Otsuka, Y. (Yuichi), Moore, R. C. (Robert C.), Tanaka, Y. (Yoshimasa), Nose, M. (Masahito), Nagatsuma, T. (Tsutomu), Nishitani, N. (Nozomu), Kadokura, A. (Akira), Connors, M. (Martin), Inoue, T. (Takumi), Matsuoka, A. (Ayako), Shinohara, I. (Iku), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Miyoshi, Y. (Yoshizumi), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Hosokawa, K. (Keisuke), Oyama, S.-i. (Shin-ichiro), Kataoka, R. (Ryuho), Ebihara, Y. (Yusuke), Ogawa, Y. (Yasunobu), Kasahara, Y. (Yoshiya), Yagitani, S. (Satoshi), Kasaba, Y. (Yasumasa), Kumamoto, A. (Atsushi), Tsuchiya, F. (Fuminori), Matsuda, S. (Shoya), Katoh, Y. (Yuto), Hikishima, M. (Mitsuru), Kurita, S. (Satoshi), Otsuka, Y. (Yuichi), Moore, R. C. (Robert C.), Tanaka, Y. (Yoshimasa), Nose, M. (Masahito), Nagatsuma, T. (Tsutomu), Nishitani, N. (Nozomu), Kadokura, A. (Akira), Connors, M. (Martin), Inoue, T. (Takumi), Matsuoka, A. (Ayako), and Shinohara, I. (Iku)
Abstract: Chorus waves, among the most intense electromagnetic emissions in the Earth’s magnetosphere, magnetized planets, and laboratory plasmas, play an important role in the acceleration and loss of energetic electrons in the plasma universe through resonant interactions with electrons. However, the spatial evolution of the electron resonant interactions with electromagnetic waves remains poorly understood owing to imaging difficulties. Here we provide a compelling visualization of chorus element wave–particle interactions in the Earth’s magnetosphere. Through in-situ measurements of chorus waveforms with the Arase satellite and transient auroral flashes from electron precipitation events as detected by 100-Hz video sampling from the ground, Earth’s aurora becomes a display for the resonant interactions. Our observations capture an asymmetric spatial development, correlated strongly with the amplitude variation of discrete chorus elements. This finding is not theoretically predicted but helps in understanding the rapid scattering processes of energetic electrons near the Earth and other magnetized planets.
Published: 2019

23. Tracking the region of high correlation between pulsating aurora and chorus:simultaneous observations with Arase satellite and ground‐based all‐sky imager in Russia

Author: Kawamura, S. (S.), Hosokawa, K. (K.), Kurita, S. (S.), Oyama, S. (S.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Kasahara, Y. (Y.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Matsuda, S. (S.), Matsuoka, A. (A.), Kozelov, B. (B.), Kawamura, Y. (Y.), Shinohara, I. (I.), Kawamura, S. (S.), Hosokawa, K. (K.), Kurita, S. (S.), Oyama, S. (S.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Kasahara, Y. (Y.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Matsuda, S. (S.), Matsuoka, A. (A.), Kozelov, B. (B.), Kawamura, Y. (Y.), and Shinohara, I. (I.)
Abstract: The temporal modulations of magnetospheric chorus waves are one of the candidates for explaining quasiperiodic precipitation of energetic electrons causing pulsating aurora (PsA). To confirm fully the direct association between PsA and chorus, an extended interval of PsA (~1 hr) simultaneously observed by the Arase satellite and a ground‐based all‐sky imager in Apatity, Kola Peninsula, Russia was examined. In particular, a region of high correlation between PsA and chorus was continuously tracked within the field of view of the all‐sky imager. The result showed that the high‐correlation region and the modeled footprint of Arase moved in tandem. This strongly implies that the chorus and PsA electrons originated from the same local interaction region. In addition, the location of the high‐correlation region showed sudden jumps, which were probably associated with the motion of the satellite through discrete spatial structures of plasma in the region of wave‐particle interaction.
Published: 2019

24. Discovery of 1 Hz Range Modulation of Isolated Proton Aurora at Subauroral Latitudes

Author: Ozaki, M., Shiokawa, K., Miyoshi, Y., Kataoka, R., Connors, M., Inoue, T., Yagitani, S., Ebihara, Y., Jun, C.-W., Nomura, R., Sakaguchi, K., Otsuka, Y., Uchida, H. A., Schofield, I., Danskin, D. W., Ozaki, M., Shiokawa, K., Miyoshi, Y., Kataoka, R., Connors, M., Inoue, T., Yagitani, S., Ebihara, Y., Jun, C.-W., Nomura, R., Sakaguchi, K., Otsuka, Y., Uchida, H. A., Schofield, I., and Danskin, D. W.
Abstract: Isolated proton aurora (IPA) is a manifestation of the wave‐particle interaction visible at subauroral latitudes, with activity on many timescales. We herein present the first observational evidence of rapid luminous modulation of IPA correlated with simultaneously observed Pc1 waves observed on the ground, which are equivalent to the electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the magnetosphere. The fastest luminous modulation of IPA was observed in the 1 Hz frequency range, which was twice the frequency of the related Pc1 waves. The time lag between variations of Pc1 wave power and the IPA luminosity suggests that the source regions of IPA are distributed near the magnetic equator, suggesting an EMIC wave‐energetic (a few tens of keV) proton or relativistic (MeV or sub‐MeV) electron interaction. The generation mechanism of this 1 Hz luminous modulation remains an open issue, but this study supports the importance of nonlinear pitch angle scattering via wave‐particle interactions.
Published: 2018

25. Electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic waves as a candidate to cause pulsating auroras

Author: Fukizawa, M. (M.), Sakanoi, T. (T.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Hosokawa, K. (K.), Shiokawa, K. (K.), Katoh, Y. (Y.), Kazama, Y. (Y.), Kumamoto, A. (A.), Tsuchiya, F. (F.), Miyashita, Y. (Y.), Tanaka, Y. -. (Y. -M.), Kasahara, Y. (Y.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Matsuoka, A. (A.), Matsuda, S. (S.), Hikishima, M. (M.), Oyama, S. (S.), Ogawa, Y. (Y.), Kurita, S. (S.), Fujii, R. (R.), Fukizawa, M. (M.), Sakanoi, T. (T.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Hosokawa, K. (K.), Shiokawa, K. (K.), Katoh, Y. (Y.), Kazama, Y. (Y.), Kumamoto, A. (A.), Tsuchiya, F. (F.), Miyashita, Y. (Y.), Tanaka, Y. -. (Y. -M.), Kasahara, Y. (Y.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Matsuoka, A. (A.), Matsuda, S. (S.), Hikishima, M. (M.), Oyama, S. (S.), Ogawa, Y. (Y.), Kurita, S. (S.), and Fujii, R. (R.)
Abstract: Pulsating auroras (PsAs) are thought to be generated by precipitating electrons scattered by lower‐band chorus (LBC) waves near the magnetic equator. One‐to‐one correlation between the LBC intensity and the PsA intensity has been reported. Electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves can also scatter electrons. However, direct correlation between ECH and PsA has not been reported yet. In this study, using a coordinated Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace (Arase) satellite and ground‐based imager observation, we report that not only LBC but also ECH have correlation with PsA. We estimated the precipitating electron energy by assuming that the time lag when the cross‐correlation coefficient became the highest was travel time of electrons from the modulation region. We found that the estimated energies show reasonable values as the cyclotron resonance energy of each wave.
Published: 2018

26. Microscopic observations of pulsating aurora associated with chorus element structures:coordinated arase satellite‐PWING observations

Author: Ozaki, M. (M.), Shiokawa, K. (K.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Hosokawa, K. (K.), Oyama, S. (S.), Yagitani, S. (S.), Kasahara, Y. (Y.), Kasaba, Y. (Y.), Matsuda, S. (S.), Kataoka, R. (R.), Ebihara, Y. (Y.), Ogawa, Y. (Y.), Otsuka, Y. (Y.), Kurita, S. (S.), Moore, R. C. (R. C.), Tanaka, Y. -. (Y. -M.), Nose, M. (M.), Nagatsuma, T. (T.), Connors, M. (M.), Nishitani, N. (N.), Katoh, Y. (Y.), Hikishima, M. (M.), Kumamoto, A. (A.), Tsuchiya, F. (F.), Kadokura, A. (A.), Nishiyama, T. (T.), Inoue, T. (T.), Imamura, K. (K.), Matsuoka, A. (A.), Shinohara, I. (I.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Shiokawa, K. (K.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Hosokawa, K. (K.), Oyama, S. (S.), Yagitani, S. (S.), Kasahara, Y. (Y.), Kasaba, Y. (Y.), Matsuda, S. (S.), Kataoka, R. (R.), Ebihara, Y. (Y.), Ogawa, Y. (Y.), Otsuka, Y. (Y.), Kurita, S. (S.), Moore, R. C. (R. C.), Tanaka, Y. -. (Y. -M.), Nose, M. (M.), Nagatsuma, T. (T.), Connors, M. (M.), Nishitani, N. (N.), Katoh, Y. (Y.), Hikishima, M. (M.), Kumamoto, A. (A.), Tsuchiya, F. (F.), Kadokura, A. (A.), Nishiyama, T. (T.), Inoue, T. (T.), Imamura, K. (K.), Matsuoka, A. (A.), and Shinohara, I. (I.)
Abstract: Rapid (<1 s) intensity modulation of pulsating auroras is caused by successive chorus elements as a response to wave‐particle interactions in the magnetosphere. Here we found that a pulsating auroral patch responds to the time spacing for successive chorus elements and possibly to chorus subpacket structures with a time scale of tens of milliseconds. These responses were identified from coordinated Arase satellite and ground (Gakona, Alaska) observations with a high‐speed auroral imager (100 Hz). The temporal variations of auroral intensity in a few‐hertz frequency range exhibited a spatial concentration at the lower‐latitude edge of the auroral patch. The spatial evolution of the auroral patch showed repeated expansion/contraction with tens of kilometer scales in the ionosphere, which could be spatial behaviors in the wave‐particle interactions. These observations indicate that chorus elements evolve coherently within the auroral patch, which is approximately 900 km in the radial and longitudinal directions at the magnetic equator.
Published: 2018

27. Purple auroral rays and global Pc1 pulsations observed at the CIR‐associated solar wind density enhancement on 21 March 2017

Author: Shiokawa, K. (K.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Kadokura, A. (A.), Endo, Y. (Y.), Sakanoi, T. (T.), Kurita, S. (S.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Oyama, S. -. (S. -I.), Connors, M. (M.), Schofield, I. (I.), Ruohoniemi, J. M. (J. M.), Nose, M. (M.), Nagatsuma, T. (T.), Sakaguchi, K. (K.), Baishev, D. G. (D. G.), Pashinin, A. (A.), Rakhmatulin, R. (R.), Shevtsov, B. (B.), Poddelsky, I. (I.), Engebretson, M. (M.), Raita, T. (Tero), Tanaka, Y. -. (Y. -M.), Shinohara, M. (M.), Teramoto, M. (M.), Nomura, R. (R.), Fujimoto, A. (A.), Matsuoka, A. (A.), Higashio, N. (N.), Takashima, T. (T.), Shinohara, I. (I.), Albert, J. M. (Jay M.), Shiokawa, K. (K.), Ozaki, M. (M.), Kadokura, A. (A.), Endo, Y. (Y.), Sakanoi, T. (T.), Kurita, S. (S.), Miyoshi, Y. (Y.), Oyama, S. -. (S. -I.), Connors, M. (M.), Schofield, I. (I.), Ruohoniemi, J. M. (J. M.), Nose, M. (M.), Nagatsuma, T. (T.), Sakaguchi, K. (K.), Baishev, D. G. (D. G.), Pashinin, A. (A.), Rakhmatulin, R. (R.), Shevtsov, B. (B.), Poddelsky, I. (I.), Engebretson, M. (M.), Raita, T. (Tero), Tanaka, Y. -. (Y. -M.), Shinohara, M. (M.), Teramoto, M. (M.), Nomura, R. (R.), Fujimoto, A. (A.), Matsuoka, A. (A.), Higashio, N. (N.), Takashima, T. (T.), Shinohara, I. (I.), and Albert, J. M. (Jay M.)
Abstract: This paper reports two unique auroral features: postmidnight purple auroral rays and global Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations, observed before the onset of the corotating interaction region (CIR) storm of 21 March 2017, at the beginning of the first campaign of the new Particles and Waves in the Inner magnetosphere using Ground‐based network observation (PWING) longitudinal ground network with the Arase satellite. The purple auroral rays were observed from ~0315 to 0430 UT (~03–04 magnetic local time) in the northeastern sky at Husafell, Iceland (magnetic latitude: 64.9°N). We newly propose that the entry of high‐density CIR plasma into the magnetotail created purple auroral rays in the sunlit ionosphere. Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations at frequencies of 0–0.5 Hz were observed after ~00 UT over a wide local time range, of 13 hr, from midnight to afternoon sectors at subauroral latitudes associated with CIR arrival. These results indicate preconditioning of the magnetosphere due to crossing of a CIR.
Published: 2018

28. Genetic association study of exfoliation syndrome identifies a protective rare variant at LOXL1 and five new susceptibility loci

Author: Aung, T., Ozaki, M., Lee, M.C., Schlotzer-Schrehardt, U., Thorleifsson, G., Mizoguchi, T., Igo, R.P., Jr., Haripriya, A., Williams, S.E., Astakhov, Y.S., Orr, A.C., Burdon, K.P., Nakano, S., Mori, K., Abu-Amero, K., Hauser, M., Li, Z., Prakadeeswari, G., Bailey, J.N., Cherecheanu, A.P., Kang, J.H., Nelson, S., Hayashi, K., Manabe, S.I., Kazama, S., Zarnowski, T., Inoue, K., Irkec, M., Coca-Prados, M., Sugiyama, K., Jarvela, I., Schlottmann, P., Lerner, S.F., Lamari, H., Nilgun, Y., Bikbov, M., Park, K.H., Cha, S.C., Yamashiro, K., Zenteno, J.C., Jonas, J.B., Kumar, R.S.S., Perera, S.A., Chan, A.S.Y., Kobakhidze, N., George, R., Vijaya, L., Do, T., Edward, D.P., Juan Marcos, L. de, Pakravan, M., Moghimi, S., Ideta, R., Bach-Holm, D., Kappelgaard, P., Wirostko, B., Thomas, S., Gaston, D., Bedard, K., Greer, W.L., Yang, Z, Chen, X., Huang, L., Sang, J., Jia, H., Jia, L., Qiao, C., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Zhao, B., Wang, Y.X., Xu, L., Leruez, S., Reynier, P., Chichua, G., Tabagari, S., Uebe, S., Zenkel, M., Berner, D., Mossbock, G., Weisschuh, N., Hoja, U., Welge-Luessen, U.C., Mardin, C., Founti, P., Chatzikyriakidou, A., Pappas, T., Anastasopoulos, E., Lambropoulos, A., Ghosh, A., Shetty, R., Porporato, N., Saravanan, V., Venkatesh, R., Shivkumar, C., Kalpana, N., Sarangapani, S., Kanavi, M.R., Beni, A.N., Yazdani, S., Hollander, A.I. den, Pasutto, F., Khor, C.C., Aung, T., Ozaki, M., Lee, M.C., Schlotzer-Schrehardt, U., Thorleifsson, G., Mizoguchi, T., Igo, R.P., Jr., Haripriya, A., Williams, S.E., Astakhov, Y.S., Orr, A.C., Burdon, K.P., Nakano, S., Mori, K., Abu-Amero, K., Hauser, M., Li, Z., Prakadeeswari, G., Bailey, J.N., Cherecheanu, A.P., Kang, J.H., Nelson, S., Hayashi, K., Manabe, S.I., Kazama, S., Zarnowski, T., Inoue, K., Irkec, M., Coca-Prados, M., Sugiyama, K., Jarvela, I., Schlottmann, P., Lerner, S.F., Lamari, H., Nilgun, Y., Bikbov, M., Park, K.H., Cha, S.C., Yamashiro, K., Zenteno, J.C., Jonas, J.B., Kumar, R.S.S., Perera, S.A., Chan, A.S.Y., Kobakhidze, N., George, R., Vijaya, L., Do, T., Edward, D.P., Juan Marcos, L. de, Pakravan, M., Moghimi, S., Ideta, R., Bach-Holm, D., Kappelgaard, P., Wirostko, B., Thomas, S., Gaston, D., Bedard, K., Greer, W.L., Yang, Z, Chen, X., Huang, L., Sang, J., Jia, H., Jia, L., Qiao, C., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Zhao, B., Wang, Y.X., Xu, L., Leruez, S., Reynier, P., Chichua, G., Tabagari, S., Uebe, S., Zenkel, M., Berner, D., Mossbock, G., Weisschuh, N., Hoja, U., Welge-Luessen, U.C., Mardin, C., Founti, P., Chatzikyriakidou, A., Pappas, T., Anastasopoulos, E., Lambropoulos, A., Ghosh, A., Shetty, R., Porporato, N., Saravanan, V., Venkatesh, R., Shivkumar, C., Kalpana, N., Sarangapani, S., Kanavi, M.R., Beni, A.N., Yazdani, S., Hollander, A.I. den, Pasutto, F., and Khor, C.C.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is the most common known risk factor for secondary glaucoma and a major cause of blindness worldwide. Variants in two genes, LOXL1 and CACNA1A, have previously been associated with XFS. To further elucidate the genetic basis of XFS, we collected a global sample of XFS cases to refine the association at LOXL1, which previously showed inconsistent results across populations, and to identify new variants associated with XFS. We identified a rare protective allele at LOXL1 (p.Phe407, odds ratio (OR) = 25, P = 2.9 x 10-14) through deep resequencing of XFS cases and controls from nine countries. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of XFS cases and controls from 24 countries followed by replication in 18 countries identified seven genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 x 10-8). We identified association signals at 13q12 (POMP), 11q23.3 (TMEM136), 6p21 (AGPAT1), 3p24 (RBMS3) and 5q23 (near SEMA6A). These findings provide biological insights into the pathology of XFS and highlight a potential role for naturally occurring rare LOXL1 variants in disease biology.
Published: 2017

29. In-orbit performance of the soft X-ray imaging system aboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H)

Author: Nakajima, H., Maeda, Y., Uchida, H., Tanaka, T., Tsunemi, H., Hayashida, K., Tsuru, T. G., Dotani, T., Nagino, R., Inoue, S., Ozaki, M., Tomida, H., Natsukari, C., Ueda, S., Mori, K., Yamauchi, M., Hatsukade, I., Nishioka, Y., Sakata, M., Beppu, T., Honda, D., Nobukawa, M., Hiraga, J. S., Kohmura, T., Murakami, H., Nobukawa, K. K., Bamba, A., Doty, J. P., Iizuka, R., Sato, T., Kurashima, S., Nakaniwa, N., Asai, R., Ishida, M., Mori, H., Soong, Y., Okajima, T., Serlemitsos, P., Tawara, Y., Mitsuishi, I., Ishibashi, K., Tamura, K., Hayashi, T., Furuzawa, A., Sugita, S., Miyazawa, T., Awaki, H., Miller, E. D., Yamaguchi, H., Nakajima, H., Maeda, Y., Uchida, H., Tanaka, T., Tsunemi, H., Hayashida, K., Tsuru, T. G., Dotani, T., Nagino, R., Inoue, S., Ozaki, M., Tomida, H., Natsukari, C., Ueda, S., Mori, K., Yamauchi, M., Hatsukade, I., Nishioka, Y., Sakata, M., Beppu, T., Honda, D., Nobukawa, M., Hiraga, J. S., Kohmura, T., Murakami, H., Nobukawa, K. K., Bamba, A., Doty, J. P., Iizuka, R., Sato, T., Kurashima, S., Nakaniwa, N., Asai, R., Ishida, M., Mori, H., Soong, Y., Okajima, T., Serlemitsos, P., Tawara, Y., Mitsuishi, I., Ishibashi, K., Tamura, K., Hayashi, T., Furuzawa, A., Sugita, S., Miyazawa, T., Awaki, H., Miller, E. D., and Yamaguchi, H.
Abstract: We describe the in-orbit performance of the soft X-ray imaging system consisting of the Soft X-ray Telescope and the Soft X-ray Imager aboard Hitomi. Verification and calibration of imaging and spectroscopic performance are carried out making the best use of the limited data of less than three weeks. Basic performance including a large field of view of 38'x38' is verified with the first light image of the Perseus cluster of galaxies. Amongst the small number of observed targets, the on-minus-off pulse image for the out-of-time events of the Crab pulsar enables us to measure a half power diameter of the telescope as about 1.3'. The average energy resolution measured with the onboard calibration source events at 5.89 keV is 179 pm 3 eV in full width at half maximum. Light leak and cross talk issues affected the effective exposure time and the effective area, respectively, because all the observations were performed before optimizing an observation schedule and parameters for the dark level calculation. Screening the data affected by these two issues, we measure the background level to be 5.6x10^{-6} counts s^{-1} arcmin^{-2} cm^{-2} in the energy band of 5-12 keV, which is seven times lower than that of the Suzaku XIS-BI., Comment: Accepted for publication in PASJ. 17 pages, 18 figures
Published: 2017
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30. Surveillance efforts after mass drug administration to validate elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Vanuatu.

Author: Taleo, F, Taleo, G, Graves, PM, Wood, P, Kim, SH, Ozaki, M, Joseph, H, Chu, B, Pavluck, A, Yajima, A, Melrose, W, Ichimori, K, Capuano, C, Taleo, F, Taleo, G, Graves, PM, Wood, P, Kim, SH, Ozaki, M, Joseph, H, Chu, B, Pavluck, A, Yajima, A, Melrose, W, Ichimori, K, and Capuano, C
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Vanuatu was formerly highly endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF), caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. After a baseline survey showing 4.8% antigen prevalence in 1998, the country conducted nationwide (in one implementation unit) annual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole and diethylcarbamazine citrate from 2000 to 2004 and achieved prevalence of 0.2% by 2006 in a representative nationwide cluster survey among all age groups. METHODS: Post MDA surveillance was conducted from 2006 to 2012. After MDA, the country was divided for surveillance into three evaluation units (EUs) formed by grouping provinces according to baseline prevalence: EU1: Torba, Sanma and Malampa; EU2: Penama; EU3: Shefa and Tafea. The study compiled all past data and information on surveys in Vanuatu from the country programme. This paper reviews the surveillance activities done after stopping MDA to validate the interruption of transmission and elimination of LF as a public health problem. RESULTS: Post-MDA surveillance consisting of at least three transmission assessment surveys (TAS) in each of the three EUs was conducted between 2006 and 2012. Sentinel and spot check surveys identified a few villages with persistent high prevalence; all antigen positive cases in these sites were treated and additional targeted MDA conducted for 3 years in 13 villages in one area of concern. All three EUs passed all TAS in 2007, 2010 and 2012 respectively, with no positives found except in EU2 (Penama province) in 2012 when 2 children tested positive for circulating filariasis antigen. Assessment of the burden of chronic filariasis morbidity found 95 cases in 2003 and 32 remaining cases in 2007, all aged over 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: Vanuatu has achieved validation of elimination of LF as a public health problem. Post-validation surveillance is still recommended especially in formerly highly endemic areas.
Published: 2017

31. Genetic association study of exfoliation syndrome identifies a protective rare variant at LOXL1 and five new susceptibility loci

Author: Aung, T., Ozaki, M., Lee, M.C., Schlotzer-Schrehardt, U., Thorleifsson, G., Mizoguchi, T., Igo, R.P., Jr., Haripriya, A., Williams, S.E., Astakhov, Y.S., Orr, A.C., Burdon, K.P., Nakano, S., Mori, K., Abu-Amero, K., Hauser, M., Li, Z., Prakadeeswari, G., Bailey, J.N., Cherecheanu, A.P., Kang, J.H., Nelson, S., Hayashi, K., Manabe, S.I., Kazama, S., Zarnowski, T., Inoue, K., Irkec, M., Coca-Prados, M., Sugiyama, K., Jarvela, I., Schlottmann, P., Lerner, S.F., Lamari, H., Nilgun, Y., Bikbov, M., Park, K.H., Cha, S.C., Yamashiro, K., Zenteno, J.C., Jonas, J.B., Kumar, R.S.S., Perera, S.A., Chan, A.S.Y., Kobakhidze, N., George, R., Vijaya, L., Do, T., Edward, D.P., Juan Marcos, L. de, Pakravan, M., Moghimi, S., Ideta, R., Bach-Holm, D., Kappelgaard, P., Wirostko, B., Thomas, S., Gaston, D., Bedard, K., Greer, W.L., Yang, Z, Chen, X., Huang, L., Sang, J., Jia, H., Jia, L., Qiao, C., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Zhao, B., Wang, Y.X., Xu, L., Leruez, S., Reynier, P., Chichua, G., Tabagari, S., Uebe, S., Zenkel, M., Berner, D., Mossbock, G., Weisschuh, N., Hoja, U., Welge-Luessen, U.C., Mardin, C., Founti, P., Chatzikyriakidou, A., Pappas, T., Anastasopoulos, E., Lambropoulos, A., Ghosh, A., Shetty, R., Porporato, N., Saravanan, V., Venkatesh, R., Shivkumar, C., Kalpana, N., Sarangapani, S., Kanavi, M.R., Beni, A.N., Yazdani, S., Hollander, A.I. den, Pasutto, F., Khor, C.C., Aung, T., Ozaki, M., Lee, M.C., Schlotzer-Schrehardt, U., Thorleifsson, G., Mizoguchi, T., Igo, R.P., Jr., Haripriya, A., Williams, S.E., Astakhov, Y.S., Orr, A.C., Burdon, K.P., Nakano, S., Mori, K., Abu-Amero, K., Hauser, M., Li, Z., Prakadeeswari, G., Bailey, J.N., Cherecheanu, A.P., Kang, J.H., Nelson, S., Hayashi, K., Manabe, S.I., Kazama, S., Zarnowski, T., Inoue, K., Irkec, M., Coca-Prados, M., Sugiyama, K., Jarvela, I., Schlottmann, P., Lerner, S.F., Lamari, H., Nilgun, Y., Bikbov, M., Park, K.H., Cha, S.C., Yamashiro, K., Zenteno, J.C., Jonas, J.B., Kumar, R.S.S., Perera, S.A., Chan, A.S.Y., Kobakhidze, N., George, R., Vijaya, L., Do, T., Edward, D.P., Juan Marcos, L. de, Pakravan, M., Moghimi, S., Ideta, R., Bach-Holm, D., Kappelgaard, P., Wirostko, B., Thomas, S., Gaston, D., Bedard, K., Greer, W.L., Yang, Z, Chen, X., Huang, L., Sang, J., Jia, H., Jia, L., Qiao, C., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Zhao, B., Wang, Y.X., Xu, L., Leruez, S., Reynier, P., Chichua, G., Tabagari, S., Uebe, S., Zenkel, M., Berner, D., Mossbock, G., Weisschuh, N., Hoja, U., Welge-Luessen, U.C., Mardin, C., Founti, P., Chatzikyriakidou, A., Pappas, T., Anastasopoulos, E., Lambropoulos, A., Ghosh, A., Shetty, R., Porporato, N., Saravanan, V., Venkatesh, R., Shivkumar, C., Kalpana, N., Sarangapani, S., Kanavi, M.R., Beni, A.N., Yazdani, S., Hollander, A.I. den, Pasutto, F., and Khor, C.C.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is the most common known risk factor for secondary glaucoma and a major cause of blindness worldwide. Variants in two genes, LOXL1 and CACNA1A, have previously been associated with XFS. To further elucidate the genetic basis of XFS, we collected a global sample of XFS cases to refine the association at LOXL1, which previously showed inconsistent results across populations, and to identify new variants associated with XFS. We identified a rare protective allele at LOXL1 (p.Phe407, odds ratio (OR) = 25, P = 2.9 x 10-14) through deep resequencing of XFS cases and controls from nine countries. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of XFS cases and controls from 24 countries followed by replication in 18 countries identified seven genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 x 10-8). We identified association signals at 13q12 (POMP), 11q23.3 (TMEM136), 6p21 (AGPAT1), 3p24 (RBMS3) and 5q23 (near SEMA6A). These findings provide biological insights into the pathology of XFS and highlight a potential role for naturally occurring rare LOXL1 variants in disease biology.
Published: 2017

32. Genetic association study of exfoliation syndrome identifies a protective rare variant at LOXL1 and five new susceptibility loci

Author: Aung, T., Ozaki, M., Lee, M.C., Schlotzer-Schrehardt, U., Thorleifsson, G., Mizoguchi, T., Igo, R.P., Jr., Haripriya, A., Williams, S.E., Astakhov, Y.S., Orr, A.C., Burdon, K.P., Nakano, S., Mori, K., Abu-Amero, K., Hauser, M., Li, Z., Prakadeeswari, G., Bailey, J.N., Cherecheanu, A.P., Kang, J.H., Nelson, S., Hayashi, K., Manabe, S.I., Kazama, S., Zarnowski, T., Inoue, K., Irkec, M., Coca-Prados, M., Sugiyama, K., Jarvela, I., Schlottmann, P., Lerner, S.F., Lamari, H., Nilgun, Y., Bikbov, M., Park, K.H., Cha, S.C., Yamashiro, K., Zenteno, J.C., Jonas, J.B., Kumar, R.S.S., Perera, S.A., Chan, A.S.Y., Kobakhidze, N., George, R., Vijaya, L., Do, T., Edward, D.P., Juan Marcos, L. de, Pakravan, M., Moghimi, S., Ideta, R., Bach-Holm, D., Kappelgaard, P., Wirostko, B., Thomas, S., Gaston, D., Bedard, K., Greer, W.L., Yang, Z, Chen, X., Huang, L., Sang, J., Jia, H., Jia, L., Qiao, C., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Zhao, B., Wang, Y.X., Xu, L., Leruez, S., Reynier, P., Chichua, G., Tabagari, S., Uebe, S., Zenkel, M., Berner, D., Mossbock, G., Weisschuh, N., Hoja, U., Welge-Luessen, U.C., Mardin, C., Founti, P., Chatzikyriakidou, A., Pappas, T., Anastasopoulos, E., Lambropoulos, A., Ghosh, A., Shetty, R., Porporato, N., Saravanan, V., Venkatesh, R., Shivkumar, C., Kalpana, N., Sarangapani, S., Kanavi, M.R., Beni, A.N., Yazdani, S., Hollander, A.I. den, Pasutto, F., Khor, C.C., Aung, T., Ozaki, M., Lee, M.C., Schlotzer-Schrehardt, U., Thorleifsson, G., Mizoguchi, T., Igo, R.P., Jr., Haripriya, A., Williams, S.E., Astakhov, Y.S., Orr, A.C., Burdon, K.P., Nakano, S., Mori, K., Abu-Amero, K., Hauser, M., Li, Z., Prakadeeswari, G., Bailey, J.N., Cherecheanu, A.P., Kang, J.H., Nelson, S., Hayashi, K., Manabe, S.I., Kazama, S., Zarnowski, T., Inoue, K., Irkec, M., Coca-Prados, M., Sugiyama, K., Jarvela, I., Schlottmann, P., Lerner, S.F., Lamari, H., Nilgun, Y., Bikbov, M., Park, K.H., Cha, S.C., Yamashiro, K., Zenteno, J.C., Jonas, J.B., Kumar, R.S.S., Perera, S.A., Chan, A.S.Y., Kobakhidze, N., George, R., Vijaya, L., Do, T., Edward, D.P., Juan Marcos, L. de, Pakravan, M., Moghimi, S., Ideta, R., Bach-Holm, D., Kappelgaard, P., Wirostko, B., Thomas, S., Gaston, D., Bedard, K., Greer, W.L., Yang, Z, Chen, X., Huang, L., Sang, J., Jia, H., Jia, L., Qiao, C., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Zhao, B., Wang, Y.X., Xu, L., Leruez, S., Reynier, P., Chichua, G., Tabagari, S., Uebe, S., Zenkel, M., Berner, D., Mossbock, G., Weisschuh, N., Hoja, U., Welge-Luessen, U.C., Mardin, C., Founti, P., Chatzikyriakidou, A., Pappas, T., Anastasopoulos, E., Lambropoulos, A., Ghosh, A., Shetty, R., Porporato, N., Saravanan, V., Venkatesh, R., Shivkumar, C., Kalpana, N., Sarangapani, S., Kanavi, M.R., Beni, A.N., Yazdani, S., Hollander, A.I. den, Pasutto, F., and Khor, C.C.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is the most common known risk factor for secondary glaucoma and a major cause of blindness worldwide. Variants in two genes, LOXL1 and CACNA1A, have previously been associated with XFS. To further elucidate the genetic basis of XFS, we collected a global sample of XFS cases to refine the association at LOXL1, which previously showed inconsistent results across populations, and to identify new variants associated with XFS. We identified a rare protective allele at LOXL1 (p.Phe407, odds ratio (OR) = 25, P = 2.9 x 10-14) through deep resequencing of XFS cases and controls from nine countries. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of XFS cases and controls from 24 countries followed by replication in 18 countries identified seven genome-wide significant loci (P < 5 x 10-8). We identified association signals at 13q12 (POMP), 11q23.3 (TMEM136), 6p21 (AGPAT1), 3p24 (RBMS3) and 5q23 (near SEMA6A). These findings provide biological insights into the pathology of XFS and highlight a potential role for naturally occurring rare LOXL1 variants in disease biology.
Published: 2017

33. Simultaneous observations of magnetospheric ELF/VLF emissions in Canada, Finland, and Antarctica

Author: Yonezu, Y. (Yusuke), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Connors, M. (Martin), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Manninen, J. (Jyrki), Yamagishi, H. (Hisao), Okada, M. (Masaki), Yonezu, Y. (Yusuke), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Connors, M. (Martin), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Manninen, J. (Jyrki), Yamagishi, H. (Hisao), and Okada, M. (Masaki)
Abstract: To investigate longitudinal extent of electromagnetic wave activity, we report the first simultaneous ground‐based observations of magnetospheric ELF/VLF emissions at the following three longitudinally separated stations at auroral and subauroral latitudes: Athabasca, Canada (ATH; magnetic latitude: 61.3°N); Kannuslehto, Finland (KAN; 64.4°N); and Syowa Station, Antarctica (SYO; 70.5°S). The magnetic local time (MLT) separations of SYO‐KAN, ATH‐SYO, and ATH‐KAN, are 3, 8, and 11 h, respectively. Simultaneous observation data at these stations are available for a total of 48 days in 2012–2014. The simultaneous occurrence rates of ELF/VLF emissions are 9.8%, 2.5%, and 3.6% for SYO‐KAN, ATH‐SYO, and ATH‐KAN, respectively. We found that the simultaneous wave occurrence rate between two stations is higher in the morning‐dayside sector, indicating that the longitudinal extent of the emissions exhibits MLT dependence. When emissions are simultaneously observed at two stations, the average AE and |Dst| indices tend to be higher. Similarly, if the two stations are more separated in MLT, the average |Dst| index increases. These results suggest that the longitudinal extent of ELF/VLF emissions increases with increasing geomagnetic activity.
Published: 2017

34. Ground-based instruments of the PWING project to investigate dynamics of the inner magnetosphere at subauroral latitudes as a part of the ERG-ground coordinated observation network

Author: Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Katoh, Y. (Yasuo), Hamaguchi, Y. (Yoshiyuki), Yamamoto, Y. (Yuka), Adachi, T. (Takumi), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Oyama, S.-I. (Shin-Ichiro), Nose, M. (Masahito), Nagatsuma, T. (Tsutomu), Tanaka, Y. (Yoshimasa), Otsuka, Y. (Yuichi), Miyoshi, Y. (Yoshizumi), Kataoka, R. (Ryuho), Takagi, Y. (Yuki), Takeshita, Y. (Yuhei), Shinbori, A. (Atsuki), Kurita, S. (Satoshi), Hori, T. (Tomoaki), Nishitani, N. (Nozomu), Shinohara, I. (Iku), Tsuchiya, F. (Fuminori), Obana, Y. (Yuki), Suzuki, S. (Shin), Takahashi, N. (Naoko), Seki, K. (Kanako), Kadokura, A. (Akira), Hosokawa, K. (Keisuke), Ogawa, Y. (Yasunobu), Connors, M. (Martin), Ruohoniemi, J. M. (J. Michael), Engebretson, M. (Mark), Turunen, E. (Esa), Ulich, T. (Thomas), Manninen, J. (Jyrki), Raita, T. (Tero), Kero, A. (Antti), Oksanen, A. (Arto), Back, M. (Marko), Kauristie, K. (Kirsti), Mattanen, J. (Jyrki), Baishev, D. (Dmitry), Kurkin, V. (Vladimir), Oinats, A. (Alexey), Pashinin, A. (Alexander), Vasilyev, R. (Roman), Rakhmatulin, R. (Ravil), Bristow, W. (William), Karjala, M. (Marty), Shiokawa, K. (Kazuo), Katoh, Y. (Yasuo), Hamaguchi, Y. (Yoshiyuki), Yamamoto, Y. (Yuka), Adachi, T. (Takumi), Ozaki, M. (Mitsunori), Oyama, S.-I. (Shin-Ichiro), Nose, M. (Masahito), Nagatsuma, T. (Tsutomu), Tanaka, Y. (Yoshimasa), Otsuka, Y. (Yuichi), Miyoshi, Y. (Yoshizumi), Kataoka, R. (Ryuho), Takagi, Y. (Yuki), Takeshita, Y. (Yuhei), Shinbori, A. (Atsuki), Kurita, S. (Satoshi), Hori, T. (Tomoaki), Nishitani, N. (Nozomu), Shinohara, I. (Iku), Tsuchiya, F. (Fuminori), Obana, Y. (Yuki), Suzuki, S. (Shin), Takahashi, N. (Naoko), Seki, K. (Kanako), Kadokura, A. (Akira), Hosokawa, K. (Keisuke), Ogawa, Y. (Yasunobu), Connors, M. (Martin), Ruohoniemi, J. M. (J. Michael), Engebretson, M. (Mark), Turunen, E. (Esa), Ulich, T. (Thomas), Manninen, J. (Jyrki), Raita, T. (Tero), Kero, A. (Antti), Oksanen, A. (Arto), Back, M. (Marko), Kauristie, K. (Kirsti), Mattanen, J. (Jyrki), Baishev, D. (Dmitry), Kurkin, V. (Vladimir), Oinats, A. (Alexey), Pashinin, A. (Alexander), Vasilyev, R. (Roman), Rakhmatulin, R. (Ravil), Bristow, W. (William), and Karjala, M. (Marty)
Abstract: The plasmas (electrons and ions) in the inner magnetosphere have wide energy ranges from electron volts to mega-electron volts (MeV). These plasmas rotate around the Earth longitudinally due to the gradient and curvature of the geomagnetic field and by the co-rotation motion with timescales from several tens of hours to less than 10 min. They interact with plasma waves at frequencies of mHz to kHz mainly in the equatorial plane of the magnetosphere, obtain energies up to MeV, and are lost into the ionosphere. In order to provide the global distribution and quantitative evaluation of the dynamical variation of these plasmas and waves in the inner magnetosphere, the PWING project (study of dynamical variation of particles and waves in the inner magnetosphere using ground-based network observations, http://www.isee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/dimr/PWING/) has been carried out since April 2016. This paper describes the stations and instrumentation of the PWING project. We operate all-sky airglow/aurora imagers, 64-Hz sampling induction magnetometers, 40-kHz sampling loop antennas, and 64-Hz sampling riometers at eight stations at subauroral latitudes (~ 60° geomagnetic latitude) in the northern hemisphere, as well as 100-Hz sampling EMCCD cameras at three stations. These stations are distributed longitudinally in Canada, Iceland, Finland, Russia, and Alaska to obtain the longitudinal distribution of plasmas and waves in the inner magnetosphere. This PWING longitudinal network has been developed as a part of the ERG (Arase)-ground coordinated observation network. The ERG (Arase) satellite was launched on December 20, 2016, and has been in full operation since March 2017. We will combine these ground network observations with the ERG (Arase) satellite and global modeling studies. These comprehensive datasets will contribute to the investigation of dynamical variation of particles and waves in the inner magnetosphere, which is one of the most important research topics in recen
Published: 2017

35. In-orbit performance of the soft X-ray imaging system aboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H)

Author: Nakajima, H., Maeda, Y., Uchida, H., Tanaka, T., Tsunemi, H., Hayashida, K., Tsuru, T. G., Dotani, T., Nagino, R., Inoue, S., Ozaki, M., Tomida, H., Natsukari, C., Ueda, S., Mori, K., Yamauchi, M., Hatsukade, I., Nishioka, Y., Sakata, M., Beppu, T., Honda, D., Nobukawa, M., Hiraga, J. S., Kohmura, T., Murakami, H., Nobukawa, K. K., Bamba, A., Doty, J. P., Iizuka, R., Sato, T., Kurashima, S., Nakaniwa, N., Asai, R., Ishida, M., Mori, H., Soong, Y., Okajima, T., Serlemitsos, P., Tawara, Y., Mitsuishi, I., Ishibashi, K., Tamura, K., Hayashi, T., Furuzawa, A., Sugita, S., Miyazawa, T., Awaki, H., Miller, E. D., Yamaguchi, H., Nakajima, H., Maeda, Y., Uchida, H., Tanaka, T., Tsunemi, H., Hayashida, K., Tsuru, T. G., Dotani, T., Nagino, R., Inoue, S., Ozaki, M., Tomida, H., Natsukari, C., Ueda, S., Mori, K., Yamauchi, M., Hatsukade, I., Nishioka, Y., Sakata, M., Beppu, T., Honda, D., Nobukawa, M., Hiraga, J. S., Kohmura, T., Murakami, H., Nobukawa, K. K., Bamba, A., Doty, J. P., Iizuka, R., Sato, T., Kurashima, S., Nakaniwa, N., Asai, R., Ishida, M., Mori, H., Soong, Y., Okajima, T., Serlemitsos, P., Tawara, Y., Mitsuishi, I., Ishibashi, K., Tamura, K., Hayashi, T., Furuzawa, A., Sugita, S., Miyazawa, T., Awaki, H., Miller, E. D., and Yamaguchi, H.
Abstract: We describe the in-orbit performance of the soft X-ray imaging system consisting of the Soft X-ray Telescope and the Soft X-ray Imager aboard Hitomi. Verification and calibration of imaging and spectroscopic performance are carried out making the best use of the limited data of less than three weeks. Basic performance including a large field of view of 38'x38' is verified with the first light image of the Perseus cluster of galaxies. Amongst the small number of observed targets, the on-minus-off pulse image for the out-of-time events of the Crab pulsar enables us to measure a half power diameter of the telescope as about 1.3'. The average energy resolution measured with the onboard calibration source events at 5.89 keV is 179 pm 3 eV in full width at half maximum. Light leak and cross talk issues affected the effective exposure time and the effective area, respectively, because all the observations were performed before optimizing an observation schedule and parameters for the dark level calculation. Screening the data affected by these two issues, we measure the background level to be 5.6x10^{-6} counts s^{-1} arcmin^{-2} cm^{-2} in the energy band of 5-12 keV, which is seven times lower than that of the Suzaku XIS-BI., Comment: Accepted for publication in PASJ. 17 pages, 18 figures
Published: 2017
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36. Multi-wavelength observations of the flaring gamma-ray blazar 3C 66A in 2008 October

Author: Abdo, A, Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Bechtol, K, Bellazzini, R, Berenji, B, Blandford, R, Bonamente, E, Borgland, A, Bouvier, A, Bregeon, J, Brez, A, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, G, Cameron, R, Caraveo, P, Carrigan, S, Casandjian, J, Cavazzuti, E, Cecchi, C, Celik, O, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Cheung, C, Chiang, J, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Conrad, J, Costamante, L, Cutini, S, Davis, D, Dermer, C, De Palma, F, Digel, S, Do Couto E Silva, E, Drell, P, Dubois, R, Dumora, D, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, S, Fortin, P, Frailis, M, Fuhrmann, L, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Gehrels, N, Germani, S, Giglietto, N, Giommi, P, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Grenier, I, Grove, J, Guillemot, L, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hayashida, M, Hays, E, Horan, D, Hughes, R, Itoh, R, Johannesson, G, Johnson, A, Johnson, T, Johnson, W, Kamae, T, Katagiri, H, Kataoka, J, Knodlseder, J, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Latronico, L, Lee, S, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lott, B, Lovellette, M, Lubrano, P, Makeev, A, Mazziotta, M, Mcenery, J, Mehault, J, Michelson, P, Mizuno, T, Moiseev, A, Monte, C, Monzani, M, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, I, Murgia, S, Nakamori, T, Naumann-Godo, M, Nestoras, I, Nolan, P, Norris, J, Nuss, E, Ohsugi, T, Okumura, A, Omodei, N, Orlando, E, Ormes, J, Ozaki, M, Paneque, D, Panetta, J, Parent, D, Pelassa, V, Pepe, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Piron, F, Porter, T, Raino, S, Rando, R, Razzano, M, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Reyes, L, Ripken, J, Ritz, S, Romani, R, Roth, M, Sadrozinski, H, Sanchez, D, Sander, A, Scargle, J, Sgro, C, Shaw, M, Smith, P, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Strickman, M, Suson, D, Takahashi, H, Tanaka, T, Thayer, J, Thompson, D, Tibaldo, L, Torres, D, Tosti, G, Tramacere, A, Usher, T, Vandenbroucke, J, Vasileiou, V, Vilchez, N, Vitale, V, Waite, A, Wang, P, Winer, B, Wood, K, Yang, Z, Ylinen, T, Ziegler, M, Acciari, V, Aliu, E, Arlen, T, Aune, T, Beilicke, M, Benbow, W, Bottcher, M, Boltuch, D, Bradbury, S, Buckley, J, Bugaev, V, Byrum, K, Cannon, A, Cesarini, A, Christiansen, J, Ciupik, L, Cui, W, De La Calle Perez, I, Dickherber, R, Errando, M, Falcone, A, Finley, J, Finnegan, G, Fortson, L, Furniss, A, Galante, N, Gall, D, Gillanders, G, Godambe, S, Grube, J, Guenette, R, Gyuk, G, Hanna, D, Holder, J, Hui, C, Humensky, T, Imran, A, Kaaret, P, Karlsson, N, Kertzman, M, Kieda, D, Konopelko, A, Krawczynski, H, Krennrich, F, Lang, M, Lebohec, S, Maier, G, Mcarthur, S, Mccann, A, Mccutcheon, M, Moriarty, P, Mukherjee, R, Ong, R, Otte, A, Pandel, D, Perkins, J, Pichel, A, Pohl, M, Quinn, J, Ragan, K, Reynolds, P, Roache, E, Rose, H, Schroedter, M, Sembroski, G, Senturk, G, Smith, A, Steele, D, Swordy, S, Tesic, G, Theiling, M, Thibadeau, S, Varlotta, A, Vassiliev, V, Vincent, S, Wakely, S, Ward, J, Weekes, T, Weinstein, A, Weisgarber, T, Williams, D, Wissel, S, Wood, M, Villata, M, Raiteri, C, Gurwell, M, Larionov, V, Kurtanidze, O, Aller, M, Lahteenmaki, A, Chen, W, Berduygin, A, Agudo, I, Aller, H, Arkharov, A, Bach, U, Bachev, R, Beltrame, P, Benitez, E, Buemi, C, Dashti, J, Calcidese, P, Capezzali, D, Carosati, D, Da Rio, D, Di Paola, A, Diltz, C, Dolci, M, Dultzin, D, Forne, E, Gomez, J, Hagen-Thorn, V, Halkola, A, Heidt, J, Hiriart, D, Hovatta, T, Hsiao, H, Jorstad, S, Kimeridze, G, Konstantinova, T, Kopatskaya, E, Koptelova, E, Leto, P, Ligustri, R, Lindfors, E, Lopez, J, Marscher, A, Mommert, M, Mujica, R, Nikolashvili, M, Nilsson, K, Palma, N, Pasanen, M, Roca-Sogorb, M, Ros, J, Roustazadeh, P, Sadun, A, Saino, J, Sigua, L, Sillanaa, A, Sorcia, M, Takalo, L, Tornikoski, M, Trigilio, C, Turchetti, R, Umana, G, Belloni, T, Blake, C, Bloom, J, Angelakis, E, Fumagalli, M, Hauser, M, Prochaska, J, Riquelme, D, Sievers, A, Starr, D, Tagliaferri, G, Ungerechts, H, Wagner, S, Zensus, J, Abdo A. A., Ackermann M., Ajello M., Baldini L., Ballet J., Barbiellini G., Bastieri D., Bechtol K., Bellazzini R., Berenji B., Blandford R. D., Bonamente E., Borgland A. W., Bouvier A., Bregeon J., Brez A., Brigida M., Bruel P., Buehler R., Buson S., Caliandro G. A., Cameron R. A., Caraveo P. A., Carrigan S., Casandjian J. M., Cavazzuti E., Cecchi C., Celik O., Charles E., Chekhtman A., Cheung C. C., Chiang J., Ciprini S., Claus R., Cohen-Tanugi J., Conrad J., Costamante L., Cutini S., Davis D. S., Dermer C. D., De Palma F., Digel S. W., Do Couto E Silva E., Drell P. S., Dubois R., Dumora D., Favuzzi C., Fegan S. J., Fortin P., Frailis M., Fuhrmann L., Fukazawa Y., Funk S., Fusco P., Gargano F., Gasparrini D., Gehrels N., Germani S., Giglietto N., Giommi P., Giordano F., Giroletti M., Glanzman T., Godfrey G., Grenier I. A., Grove J. E., Guillemot L., Guiriec S., Hadasch D., Hayashida M., Hays E., Horan D., Hughes R. E., Itoh R., Johannesson G., Johnson A. S., Johnson T. J., Johnson W. N., Kamae T., Katagiri H., Kataoka J., Knodlseder J., Kuss M., Lande J., Latronico L., Lee S. -H., Longo F., Loparco F., Lott B., Lovellette M. N., Lubrano P., Makeev A., Mazziotta M. N., McEnery J. E., Mehault J., Michelson P. F., Mizuno T., Moiseev A. A., Monte C., Monzani M. E., Morselli A., Moskalenko I. V., Murgia S., Nakamori T., Naumann-Godo M., Nestoras I., Nolan P. L., Norris J. P., Nuss E., Ohsugi T., Okumura A., Omodei N., Orlando E., Ormes J. F., Ozaki M., Paneque D., Panetta J. H., Parent D., Pelassa V., Pepe M., Pesce-Rollins M., Piron F., Porter T. A., Raino S., Rando R., Razzano M., Reimer A., Reimer O., Reyes L. C., Ripken J., Ritz S., Romani R. W., Roth M., Sadrozinski H. F. -W., Sanchez D., Sander A., Scargle J. D., Sgro C., Shaw M. S., Smith P. D., Spandre G., Spinelli P., Strickman M. S., Suson D. J., Takahashi H., Tanaka T., Thayer J. B., Thayer J. G., Thompson D. J., Tibaldo L., Torres D. F., Tosti G., Tramacere A., Usher T. L., Vandenbroucke J., Vasileiou V., Vilchez N., Vitale V., Waite A. P., Wang P., Winer B. L., Wood K. S., Yang Z., Ylinen T., Ziegler M., Acciari V. A., Aliu E., Arlen T., Aune T., Beilicke M., Benbow W., Bottcher M., Boltuch D., Bradbury S. M., Buckley J. H., Bugaev V., Byrum K., Cannon A., Cesarini A., Christiansen J. L., Ciupik L., Cui W., De La Calle Perez I., Dickherber R., Errando M., Falcone A., Finley J. P., Finnegan G., Fortson L., Furniss A., Galante N., Gall D., Gillanders G. H., Godambe S., Grube J., Guenette R., Gyuk G., Hanna D., Holder J., Hui C. M., Humensky T. B., Imran A., Kaaret P., Karlsson N., Kertzman M., Kieda D., Konopelko A., Krawczynski H., Krennrich F., Lang M. J., LeBohec S., Maier G., McArthur S., McCann A., McCutcheon M., Moriarty P., Mukherjee R., Ong R. A., Otte A. N., Pandel D., Perkins J. S., Pichel A., Pohl M., Quinn J., Ragan K., Reynolds P. T., Roache E., Rose H. J., Schroedter M., Sembroski G. H., Senturk G. D., Smith A. W., Steele D., Swordy S. P., Tesic G., Theiling M., Thibadeau S., Varlotta A., Vassiliev V. V., Vincent S., Wakely S. P., Ward J. E., Weekes T. C., Weinstein A., Weisgarber T., Williams D. A., Wissel S., Wood M., Villata M., Raiteri C. M., Gurwell M. A., Larionov V. M., Kurtanidze O. M., Aller M. F., Lahteenmaki A., Chen W. P., Berduygin A., Agudo I., Aller H. D., Arkharov A. A., Bach U., Bachev R., Beltrame P., Benitez E., Buemi C. S., Dashti J., Calcidese P., Capezzali D., Carosati D., Da Rio D., Di Paola A., Diltz C., Dolci M., Dultzin D., Forne E., Gomez J. L., Hagen-Thorn V. A., Halkola A., Heidt J., Hiriart D., Hovatta T., Hsiao H. -Y., Jorstad S. G., Kimeridze G. N., Konstantinova T. S., Kopatskaya E. N., Koptelova E., Leto P., Ligustri R., Lindfors E., Lopez J. M., Marscher A. P., Mommert M., Mujica R., Nikolashvili M. G., Nilsson K., Palma N., Pasanen M., Roca-Sogorb M., Ros J. A., Roustazadeh P., Sadun A. C., Saino J., Sigua L. A., Sillanaa A., Sorcia M., Takalo L. O., Tornikoski M., Trigilio C., Turchetti R., Umana G., Belloni T., Blake C. H., Bloom J. S., Angelakis E., Fumagalli M., Hauser M., Prochaska J. X., Riquelme D., Sievers A., Starr D. L., Tagliaferri G., Ungerechts H., Wagner S., Zensus J. A., Abdo, A, Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Bechtol, K, Bellazzini, R, Berenji, B, Blandford, R, Bonamente, E, Borgland, A, Bouvier, A, Bregeon, J, Brez, A, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, G, Cameron, R, Caraveo, P, Carrigan, S, Casandjian, J, Cavazzuti, E, Cecchi, C, Celik, O, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Cheung, C, Chiang, J, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Conrad, J, Costamante, L, Cutini, S, Davis, D, Dermer, C, De Palma, F, Digel, S, Do Couto E Silva, E, Drell, P, Dubois, R, Dumora, D, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, S, Fortin, P, Frailis, M, Fuhrmann, L, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Gehrels, N, Germani, S, Giglietto, N, Giommi, P, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Grenier, I, Grove, J, Guillemot, L, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hayashida, M, Hays, E, Horan, D, Hughes, R, Itoh, R, Johannesson, G, Johnson, A, Johnson, T, Johnson, W, Kamae, T, Katagiri, H, Kataoka, J, Knodlseder, J, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Latronico, L, Lee, S, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lott, B, Lovellette, M, Lubrano, P, Makeev, A, Mazziotta, M, Mcenery, J, Mehault, J, Michelson, P, Mizuno, T, Moiseev, A, Monte, C, Monzani, M, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, I, Murgia, S, Nakamori, T, Naumann-Godo, M, Nestoras, I, Nolan, P, Norris, J, Nuss, E, Ohsugi, T, Okumura, A, Omodei, N, Orlando, E, Ormes, J, Ozaki, M, Paneque, D, Panetta, J, Parent, D, Pelassa, V, Pepe, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Piron, F, Porter, T, Raino, S, Rando, R, Razzano, M, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Reyes, L, Ripken, J, Ritz, S, Romani, R, Roth, M, Sadrozinski, H, Sanchez, D, Sander, A, Scargle, J, Sgro, C, Shaw, M, Smith, P, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Strickman, M, Suson, D, Takahashi, H, Tanaka, T, Thayer, J, Thompson, D, Tibaldo, L, Torres, D, Tosti, G, Tramacere, A, Usher, T, Vandenbroucke, J, Vasileiou, V, Vilchez, N, Vitale, V, Waite, A, Wang, P, Winer, B, Wood, K, Yang, Z, Ylinen, T, Ziegler, M, Acciari, V, Aliu, E, Arlen, T, Aune, T, Beilicke, M, Benbow, W, Bottcher, M, Boltuch, D, Bradbury, S, Buckley, J, Bugaev, V, Byrum, K, Cannon, A, Cesarini, A, Christiansen, J, Ciupik, L, Cui, W, De La Calle Perez, I, Dickherber, R, Errando, M, Falcone, A, Finley, J, Finnegan, G, Fortson, L, Furniss, A, Galante, N, Gall, D, Gillanders, G, Godambe, S, Grube, J, Guenette, R, Gyuk, G, Hanna, D, Holder, J, Hui, C, Humensky, T, Imran, A, Kaaret, P, Karlsson, N, Kertzman, M, Kieda, D, Konopelko, A, Krawczynski, H, Krennrich, F, Lang, M, Lebohec, S, Maier, G, Mcarthur, S, Mccann, A, Mccutcheon, M, Moriarty, P, Mukherjee, R, Ong, R, Otte, A, Pandel, D, Perkins, J, Pichel, A, Pohl, M, Quinn, J, Ragan, K, Reynolds, P, Roache, E, Rose, H, Schroedter, M, Sembroski, G, Senturk, G, Smith, A, Steele, D, Swordy, S, Tesic, G, Theiling, M, Thibadeau, S, Varlotta, A, Vassiliev, V, Vincent, S, Wakely, S, Ward, J, Weekes, T, Weinstein, A, Weisgarber, T, Williams, D, Wissel, S, Wood, M, Villata, M, Raiteri, C, Gurwell, M, Larionov, V, Kurtanidze, O, Aller, M, Lahteenmaki, A, Chen, W, Berduygin, A, Agudo, I, Aller, H, Arkharov, A, Bach, U, Bachev, R, Beltrame, P, Benitez, E, Buemi, C, Dashti, J, Calcidese, P, Capezzali, D, Carosati, D, Da Rio, D, Di Paola, A, Diltz, C, Dolci, M, Dultzin, D, Forne, E, Gomez, J, Hagen-Thorn, V, Halkola, A, Heidt, J, Hiriart, D, Hovatta, T, Hsiao, H, Jorstad, S, Kimeridze, G, Konstantinova, T, Kopatskaya, E, Koptelova, E, Leto, P, Ligustri, R, Lindfors, E, Lopez, J, Marscher, A, Mommert, M, Mujica, R, Nikolashvili, M, Nilsson, K, Palma, N, Pasanen, M, Roca-Sogorb, M, Ros, J, Roustazadeh, P, Sadun, A, Saino, J, Sigua, L, Sillanaa, A, Sorcia, M, Takalo, L, Tornikoski, M, Trigilio, C, Turchetti, R, Umana, G, Belloni, T, Blake, C, Bloom, J, Angelakis, E, Fumagalli, M, Hauser, M, Prochaska, J, Riquelme, D, Sievers, A, Starr, D, Tagliaferri, G, Ungerechts, H, Wagner, S, Zensus, J, Abdo A. A., Ackermann M., Ajello M., Baldini L., Ballet J., Barbiellini G., Bastieri D., Bechtol K., Bellazzini R., Berenji B., Blandford R. D., Bonamente E., Borgland A. W., Bouvier A., Bregeon J., Brez A., Brigida M., Bruel P., Buehler R., Buson S., Caliandro G. A., Cameron R. A., Caraveo P. A., Carrigan S., Casandjian J. M., Cavazzuti E., Cecchi C., Celik O., Charles E., Chekhtman A., Cheung C. C., Chiang J., Ciprini S., Claus R., Cohen-Tanugi J., Conrad J., Costamante L., Cutini S., Davis D. S., Dermer C. D., De Palma F., Digel S. W., Do Couto E Silva E., Drell P. S., Dubois R., Dumora D., Favuzzi C., Fegan S. J., Fortin P., Frailis M., Fuhrmann L., Fukazawa Y., Funk S., Fusco P., Gargano F., Gasparrini D., Gehrels N., Germani S., Giglietto N., Giommi P., Giordano F., Giroletti M., Glanzman T., Godfrey G., Grenier I. A., Grove J. E., Guillemot L., Guiriec S., Hadasch D., Hayashida M., Hays E., Horan D., Hughes R. E., Itoh R., Johannesson G., Johnson A. S., Johnson T. J., Johnson W. N., Kamae T., Katagiri H., Kataoka J., Knodlseder J., Kuss M., Lande J., Latronico L., Lee S. -H., Longo F., Loparco F., Lott B., Lovellette M. N., Lubrano P., Makeev A., Mazziotta M. N., McEnery J. E., Mehault J., Michelson P. F., Mizuno T., Moiseev A. A., Monte C., Monzani M. E., Morselli A., Moskalenko I. V., Murgia S., Nakamori T., Naumann-Godo M., Nestoras I., Nolan P. L., Norris J. P., Nuss E., Ohsugi T., Okumura A., Omodei N., Orlando E., Ormes J. F., Ozaki M., Paneque D., Panetta J. H., Parent D., Pelassa V., Pepe M., Pesce-Rollins M., Piron F., Porter T. A., Raino S., Rando R., Razzano M., Reimer A., Reimer O., Reyes L. C., Ripken J., Ritz S., Romani R. W., Roth M., Sadrozinski H. F. -W., Sanchez D., Sander A., Scargle J. D., Sgro C., Shaw M. S., Smith P. D., Spandre G., Spinelli P., Strickman M. S., Suson D. J., Takahashi H., Tanaka T., Thayer J. B., Thayer J. G., Thompson D. J., Tibaldo L., Torres D. F., Tosti G., Tramacere A., Usher T. L., Vandenbroucke J., Vasileiou V., Vilchez N., Vitale V., Waite A. P., Wang P., Winer B. L., Wood K. S., Yang Z., Ylinen T., Ziegler M., Acciari V. A., Aliu E., Arlen T., Aune T., Beilicke M., Benbow W., Bottcher M., Boltuch D., Bradbury S. M., Buckley J. H., Bugaev V., Byrum K., Cannon A., Cesarini A., Christiansen J. L., Ciupik L., Cui W., De La Calle Perez I., Dickherber R., Errando M., Falcone A., Finley J. P., Finnegan G., Fortson L., Furniss A., Galante N., Gall D., Gillanders G. H., Godambe S., Grube J., Guenette R., Gyuk G., Hanna D., Holder J., Hui C. M., Humensky T. B., Imran A., Kaaret P., Karlsson N., Kertzman M., Kieda D., Konopelko A., Krawczynski H., Krennrich F., Lang M. J., LeBohec S., Maier G., McArthur S., McCann A., McCutcheon M., Moriarty P., Mukherjee R., Ong R. A., Otte A. N., Pandel D., Perkins J. S., Pichel A., Pohl M., Quinn J., Ragan K., Reynolds P. T., Roache E., Rose H. J., Schroedter M., Sembroski G. H., Senturk G. D., Smith A. W., Steele D., Swordy S. P., Tesic G., Theiling M., Thibadeau S., Varlotta A., Vassiliev V. V., Vincent S., Wakely S. P., Ward J. E., Weekes T. C., Weinstein A., Weisgarber T., Williams D. A., Wissel S., Wood M., Villata M., Raiteri C. M., Gurwell M. A., Larionov V. M., Kurtanidze O. M., Aller M. F., Lahteenmaki A., Chen W. P., Berduygin A., Agudo I., Aller H. D., Arkharov A. A., Bach U., Bachev R., Beltrame P., Benitez E., Buemi C. S., Dashti J., Calcidese P., Capezzali D., Carosati D., Da Rio D., Di Paola A., Diltz C., Dolci M., Dultzin D., Forne E., Gomez J. L., Hagen-Thorn V. A., Halkola A., Heidt J., Hiriart D., Hovatta T., Hsiao H. -Y., Jorstad S. G., Kimeridze G. N., Konstantinova T. S., Kopatskaya E. N., Koptelova E., Leto P., Ligustri R., Lindfors E., Lopez J. M., Marscher A. P., Mommert M., Mujica R., Nikolashvili M. G., Nilsson K., Palma N., Pasanen M., Roca-Sogorb M., Ros J. A., Roustazadeh P., Sadun A. C., Saino J., Sigua L. A., Sillanaa A., Sorcia M., Takalo L. O., Tornikoski M., Trigilio C., Turchetti R., Umana G., Belloni T., Blake C. H., Bloom J. S., Angelakis E., Fumagalli M., Hauser M., Prochaska J. X., Riquelme D., Sievers A., Starr D. L., Tagliaferri G., Ungerechts H., Wagner S., and Zensus J. A.
Abstract: The BL Lacertae object 3C 66A was detected in a flaring state by the Fe r m i Large Area Telescope (LAT) and VERITAS in 2008 October. In addition to these gamma-ray observations, F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, PAIRITEL, MDM, ATOM, Swift, and Chandra provided radio to X-ray coverage. The available light curves show variability and, in particular, correlated flares are observed in the optical and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray band. The resulting spectral energy distribution can be well fitted using standard leptonic models with and without an external radiation field for inverse Compton scattering. It is found, however, that only the model with an external radiation field can accommodate the intra-night variability observed at optical wavelengths. © 2011. The American Astronomical Society.
Published: 2011

37. Multi-wavelength observations of the flaring gamma-ray blazar 3C 66A in 2008 October

Author: Abdo, A, Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Bechtol, K, Bellazzini, R, Berenji, B, Blandford, R, Bonamente, E, Borgland, A, Bouvier, A, Bregeon, J, Brez, A, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, G, Cameron, R, Caraveo, P, Carrigan, S, Casandjian, J, Cavazzuti, E, Cecchi, C, Celik, O, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Cheung, C, Chiang, J, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Conrad, J, Costamante, L, Cutini, S, Davis, D, Dermer, C, De Palma, F, Digel, S, Do Couto E Silva, E, Drell, P, Dubois, R, Dumora, D, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, S, Fortin, P, Frailis, M, Fuhrmann, L, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Gehrels, N, Germani, S, Giglietto, N, Giommi, P, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Grenier, I, Grove, J, Guillemot, L, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hayashida, M, Hays, E, Horan, D, Hughes, R, Itoh, R, Johannesson, G, Johnson, A, Johnson, T, Johnson, W, Kamae, T, Katagiri, H, Kataoka, J, Knodlseder, J, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Latronico, L, Lee, S, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lott, B, Lovellette, M, Lubrano, P, Makeev, A, Mazziotta, M, Mcenery, J, Mehault, J, Michelson, P, Mizuno, T, Moiseev, A, Monte, C, Monzani, M, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, I, Murgia, S, Nakamori, T, Naumann-Godo, M, Nestoras, I, Nolan, P, Norris, J, Nuss, E, Ohsugi, T, Okumura, A, Omodei, N, Orlando, E, Ormes, J, Ozaki, M, Paneque, D, Panetta, J, Parent, D, Pelassa, V, Pepe, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Piron, F, Porter, T, Raino, S, Rando, R, Razzano, M, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Reyes, L, Ripken, J, Ritz, S, Romani, R, Roth, M, Sadrozinski, H, Sanchez, D, Sander, A, Scargle, J, Sgro, C, Shaw, M, Smith, P, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Strickman, M, Suson, D, Takahashi, H, Tanaka, T, Thayer, J, Thompson, D, Tibaldo, L, Torres, D, Tosti, G, Tramacere, A, Usher, T, Vandenbroucke, J, Vasileiou, V, Vilchez, N, Vitale, V, Waite, A, Wang, P, Winer, B, Wood, K, Yang, Z, Ylinen, T, Ziegler, M, Acciari, V, Aliu, E, Arlen, T, Aune, T, Beilicke, M, Benbow, W, Bottcher, M, Boltuch, D, Bradbury, S, Buckley, J, Bugaev, V, Byrum, K, Cannon, A, Cesarini, A, Christiansen, J, Ciupik, L, Cui, W, De La Calle Perez, I, Dickherber, R, Errando, M, Falcone, A, Finley, J, Finnegan, G, Fortson, L, Furniss, A, Galante, N, Gall, D, Gillanders, G, Godambe, S, Grube, J, Guenette, R, Gyuk, G, Hanna, D, Holder, J, Hui, C, Humensky, T, Imran, A, Kaaret, P, Karlsson, N, Kertzman, M, Kieda, D, Konopelko, A, Krawczynski, H, Krennrich, F, Lang, M, Lebohec, S, Maier, G, Mcarthur, S, Mccann, A, Mccutcheon, M, Moriarty, P, Mukherjee, R, Ong, R, Otte, A, Pandel, D, Perkins, J, Pichel, A, Pohl, M, Quinn, J, Ragan, K, Reynolds, P, Roache, E, Rose, H, Schroedter, M, Sembroski, G, Senturk, G, Smith, A, Steele, D, Swordy, S, Tesic, G, Theiling, M, Thibadeau, S, Varlotta, A, Vassiliev, V, Vincent, S, Wakely, S, Ward, J, Weekes, T, Weinstein, A, Weisgarber, T, Williams, D, Wissel, S, Wood, M, Villata, M, Raiteri, C, Gurwell, M, Larionov, V, Kurtanidze, O, Aller, M, Lahteenmaki, A, Chen, W, Berduygin, A, Agudo, I, Aller, H, Arkharov, A, Bach, U, Bachev, R, Beltrame, P, Benitez, E, Buemi, C, Dashti, J, Calcidese, P, Capezzali, D, Carosati, D, Da Rio, D, Di Paola, A, Diltz, C, Dolci, M, Dultzin, D, Forne, E, Gomez, J, Hagen-Thorn, V, Halkola, A, Heidt, J, Hiriart, D, Hovatta, T, Hsiao, H, Jorstad, S, Kimeridze, G, Konstantinova, T, Kopatskaya, E, Koptelova, E, Leto, P, Ligustri, R, Lindfors, E, Lopez, J, Marscher, A, Mommert, M, Mujica, R, Nikolashvili, M, Nilsson, K, Palma, N, Pasanen, M, Roca-Sogorb, M, Ros, J, Roustazadeh, P, Sadun, A, Saino, J, Sigua, L, Sillanaa, A, Sorcia, M, Takalo, L, Tornikoski, M, Trigilio, C, Turchetti, R, Umana, G, Belloni, T, Blake, C, Bloom, J, Angelakis, E, Fumagalli, M, Hauser, M, Prochaska, J, Riquelme, D, Sievers, A, Starr, D, Tagliaferri, G, Ungerechts, H, Wagner, S, Zensus, J, Abdo A. A., Ackermann M., Ajello M., Baldini L., Ballet J., Barbiellini G., Bastieri D., Bechtol K., Bellazzini R., Berenji B., Blandford R. D., Bonamente E., Borgland A. W., Bouvier A., Bregeon J., Brez A., Brigida M., Bruel P., Buehler R., Buson S., Caliandro G. A., Cameron R. A., Caraveo P. A., Carrigan S., Casandjian J. M., Cavazzuti E., Cecchi C., Celik O., Charles E., Chekhtman A., Cheung C. C., Chiang J., Ciprini S., Claus R., Cohen-Tanugi J., Conrad J., Costamante L., Cutini S., Davis D. S., Dermer C. D., De Palma F., Digel S. W., Do Couto E Silva E., Drell P. S., Dubois R., Dumora D., Favuzzi C., Fegan S. J., Fortin P., Frailis M., Fuhrmann L., Fukazawa Y., Funk S., Fusco P., Gargano F., Gasparrini D., Gehrels N., Germani S., Giglietto N., Giommi P., Giordano F., Giroletti M., Glanzman T., Godfrey G., Grenier I. A., Grove J. E., Guillemot L., Guiriec S., Hadasch D., Hayashida M., Hays E., Horan D., Hughes R. E., Itoh R., Johannesson G., Johnson A. S., Johnson T. J., Johnson W. N., Kamae T., Katagiri H., Kataoka J., Knodlseder J., Kuss M., Lande J., Latronico L., Lee S. -H., Longo F., Loparco F., Lott B., Lovellette M. N., Lubrano P., Makeev A., Mazziotta M. N., McEnery J. E., Mehault J., Michelson P. F., Mizuno T., Moiseev A. A., Monte C., Monzani M. E., Morselli A., Moskalenko I. V., Murgia S., Nakamori T., Naumann-Godo M., Nestoras I., Nolan P. L., Norris J. P., Nuss E., Ohsugi T., Okumura A., Omodei N., Orlando E., Ormes J. F., Ozaki M., Paneque D., Panetta J. H., Parent D., Pelassa V., Pepe M., Pesce-Rollins M., Piron F., Porter T. A., Raino S., Rando R., Razzano M., Reimer A., Reimer O., Reyes L. C., Ripken J., Ritz S., Romani R. W., Roth M., Sadrozinski H. F. -W., Sanchez D., Sander A., Scargle J. D., Sgro C., Shaw M. S., Smith P. D., Spandre G., Spinelli P., Strickman M. S., Suson D. J., Takahashi H., Tanaka T., Thayer J. B., Thayer J. G., Thompson D. J., Tibaldo L., Torres D. F., Tosti G., Tramacere A., Usher T. L., Vandenbroucke J., Vasileiou V., Vilchez N., Vitale V., Waite A. P., Wang P., Winer B. L., Wood K. S., Yang Z., Ylinen T., Ziegler M., Acciari V. A., Aliu E., Arlen T., Aune T., Beilicke M., Benbow W., Bottcher M., Boltuch D., Bradbury S. M., Buckley J. H., Bugaev V., Byrum K., Cannon A., Cesarini A., Christiansen J. L., Ciupik L., Cui W., De La Calle Perez I., Dickherber R., Errando M., Falcone A., Finley J. P., Finnegan G., Fortson L., Furniss A., Galante N., Gall D., Gillanders G. H., Godambe S., Grube J., Guenette R., Gyuk G., Hanna D., Holder J., Hui C. M., Humensky T. B., Imran A., Kaaret P., Karlsson N., Kertzman M., Kieda D., Konopelko A., Krawczynski H., Krennrich F., Lang M. J., LeBohec S., Maier G., McArthur S., McCann A., McCutcheon M., Moriarty P., Mukherjee R., Ong R. A., Otte A. N., Pandel D., Perkins J. S., Pichel A., Pohl M., Quinn J., Ragan K., Reynolds P. T., Roache E., Rose H. J., Schroedter M., Sembroski G. H., Senturk G. D., Smith A. W., Steele D., Swordy S. P., Tesic G., Theiling M., Thibadeau S., Varlotta A., Vassiliev V. V., Vincent S., Wakely S. P., Ward J. E., Weekes T. C., Weinstein A., Weisgarber T., Williams D. A., Wissel S., Wood M., Villata M., Raiteri C. M., Gurwell M. A., Larionov V. M., Kurtanidze O. M., Aller M. F., Lahteenmaki A., Chen W. P., Berduygin A., Agudo I., Aller H. D., Arkharov A. A., Bach U., Bachev R., Beltrame P., Benitez E., Buemi C. S., Dashti J., Calcidese P., Capezzali D., Carosati D., Da Rio D., Di Paola A., Diltz C., Dolci M., Dultzin D., Forne E., Gomez J. L., Hagen-Thorn V. A., Halkola A., Heidt J., Hiriart D., Hovatta T., Hsiao H. -Y., Jorstad S. G., Kimeridze G. N., Konstantinova T. S., Kopatskaya E. N., Koptelova E., Leto P., Ligustri R., Lindfors E., Lopez J. M., Marscher A. P., Mommert M., Mujica R., Nikolashvili M. G., Nilsson K., Palma N., Pasanen M., Roca-Sogorb M., Ros J. A., Roustazadeh P., Sadun A. C., Saino J., Sigua L. A., Sillanaa A., Sorcia M., Takalo L. O., Tornikoski M., Trigilio C., Turchetti R., Umana G., Belloni T., Blake C. H., Bloom J. S., Angelakis E., Fumagalli M., Hauser M., Prochaska J. X., Riquelme D., Sievers A., Starr D. L., Tagliaferri G., Ungerechts H., Wagner S., Zensus J. A., Abdo, A, Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Bechtol, K, Bellazzini, R, Berenji, B, Blandford, R, Bonamente, E, Borgland, A, Bouvier, A, Bregeon, J, Brez, A, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, G, Cameron, R, Caraveo, P, Carrigan, S, Casandjian, J, Cavazzuti, E, Cecchi, C, Celik, O, Charles, E, Chekhtman, A, Cheung, C, Chiang, J, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, Conrad, J, Costamante, L, Cutini, S, Davis, D, Dermer, C, De Palma, F, Digel, S, Do Couto E Silva, E, Drell, P, Dubois, R, Dumora, D, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, S, Fortin, P, Frailis, M, Fuhrmann, L, Fukazawa, Y, Funk, S, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Gasparrini, D, Gehrels, N, Germani, S, Giglietto, N, Giommi, P, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Grenier, I, Grove, J, Guillemot, L, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hayashida, M, Hays, E, Horan, D, Hughes, R, Itoh, R, Johannesson, G, Johnson, A, Johnson, T, Johnson, W, Kamae, T, Katagiri, H, Kataoka, J, Knodlseder, J, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Latronico, L, Lee, S, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lott, B, Lovellette, M, Lubrano, P, Makeev, A, Mazziotta, M, Mcenery, J, Mehault, J, Michelson, P, Mizuno, T, Moiseev, A, Monte, C, Monzani, M, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, I, Murgia, S, Nakamori, T, Naumann-Godo, M, Nestoras, I, Nolan, P, Norris, J, Nuss, E, Ohsugi, T, Okumura, A, Omodei, N, Orlando, E, Ormes, J, Ozaki, M, Paneque, D, Panetta, J, Parent, D, Pelassa, V, Pepe, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Piron, F, Porter, T, Raino, S, Rando, R, Razzano, M, Reimer, A, Reimer, O, Reyes, L, Ripken, J, Ritz, S, Romani, R, Roth, M, Sadrozinski, H, Sanchez, D, Sander, A, Scargle, J, Sgro, C, Shaw, M, Smith, P, Spandre, G, Spinelli, P, Strickman, M, Suson, D, Takahashi, H, Tanaka, T, Thayer, J, Thompson, D, Tibaldo, L, Torres, D, Tosti, G, Tramacere, A, Usher, T, Vandenbroucke, J, Vasileiou, V, Vilchez, N, Vitale, V, Waite, A, Wang, P, Winer, B, Wood, K, Yang, Z, Ylinen, T, Ziegler, M, Acciari, V, Aliu, E, Arlen, T, Aune, T, Beilicke, M, Benbow, W, Bottcher, M, Boltuch, D, Bradbury, S, Buckley, J, Bugaev, V, Byrum, K, Cannon, A, Cesarini, A, Christiansen, J, Ciupik, L, Cui, W, De La Calle Perez, I, Dickherber, R, Errando, M, Falcone, A, Finley, J, Finnegan, G, Fortson, L, Furniss, A, Galante, N, Gall, D, Gillanders, G, Godambe, S, Grube, J, Guenette, R, Gyuk, G, Hanna, D, Holder, J, Hui, C, Humensky, T, Imran, A, Kaaret, P, Karlsson, N, Kertzman, M, Kieda, D, Konopelko, A, Krawczynski, H, Krennrich, F, Lang, M, Lebohec, S, Maier, G, Mcarthur, S, Mccann, A, Mccutcheon, M, Moriarty, P, Mukherjee, R, Ong, R, Otte, A, Pandel, D, Perkins, J, Pichel, A, Pohl, M, Quinn, J, Ragan, K, Reynolds, P, Roache, E, Rose, H, Schroedter, M, Sembroski, G, Senturk, G, Smith, A, Steele, D, Swordy, S, Tesic, G, Theiling, M, Thibadeau, S, Varlotta, A, Vassiliev, V, Vincent, S, Wakely, S, Ward, J, Weekes, T, Weinstein, A, Weisgarber, T, Williams, D, Wissel, S, Wood, M, Villata, M, Raiteri, C, Gurwell, M, Larionov, V, Kurtanidze, O, Aller, M, Lahteenmaki, A, Chen, W, Berduygin, A, Agudo, I, Aller, H, Arkharov, A, Bach, U, Bachev, R, Beltrame, P, Benitez, E, Buemi, C, Dashti, J, Calcidese, P, Capezzali, D, Carosati, D, Da Rio, D, Di Paola, A, Diltz, C, Dolci, M, Dultzin, D, Forne, E, Gomez, J, Hagen-Thorn, V, Halkola, A, Heidt, J, Hiriart, D, Hovatta, T, Hsiao, H, Jorstad, S, Kimeridze, G, Konstantinova, T, Kopatskaya, E, Koptelova, E, Leto, P, Ligustri, R, Lindfors, E, Lopez, J, Marscher, A, Mommert, M, Mujica, R, Nikolashvili, M, Nilsson, K, Palma, N, Pasanen, M, Roca-Sogorb, M, Ros, J, Roustazadeh, P, Sadun, A, Saino, J, Sigua, L, Sillanaa, A, Sorcia, M, Takalo, L, Tornikoski, M, Trigilio, C, Turchetti, R, Umana, G, Belloni, T, Blake, C, Bloom, J, Angelakis, E, Fumagalli, M, Hauser, M, Prochaska, J, Riquelme, D, Sievers, A, Starr, D, Tagliaferri, G, Ungerechts, H, Wagner, S, Zensus, J, Abdo A. A., Ackermann M., Ajello M., Baldini L., Ballet J., Barbiellini G., Bastieri D., Bechtol K., Bellazzini R., Berenji B., Blandford R. D., Bonamente E., Borgland A. W., Bouvier A., Bregeon J., Brez A., Brigida M., Bruel P., Buehler R., Buson S., Caliandro G. A., Cameron R. A., Caraveo P. A., Carrigan S., Casandjian J. M., Cavazzuti E., Cecchi C., Celik O., Charles E., Chekhtman A., Cheung C. C., Chiang J., Ciprini S., Claus R., Cohen-Tanugi J., Conrad J., Costamante L., Cutini S., Davis D. S., Dermer C. D., De Palma F., Digel S. W., Do Couto E Silva E., Drell P. S., Dubois R., Dumora D., Favuzzi C., Fegan S. J., Fortin P., Frailis M., Fuhrmann L., Fukazawa Y., Funk S., Fusco P., Gargano F., Gasparrini D., Gehrels N., Germani S., Giglietto N., Giommi P., Giordano F., Giroletti M., Glanzman T., Godfrey G., Grenier I. A., Grove J. E., Guillemot L., Guiriec S., Hadasch D., Hayashida M., Hays E., Horan D., Hughes R. E., Itoh R., Johannesson G., Johnson A. S., Johnson T. J., Johnson W. N., Kamae T., Katagiri H., Kataoka J., Knodlseder J., Kuss M., Lande J., Latronico L., Lee S. -H., Longo F., Loparco F., Lott B., Lovellette M. N., Lubrano P., Makeev A., Mazziotta M. N., McEnery J. E., Mehault J., Michelson P. F., Mizuno T., Moiseev A. A., Monte C., Monzani M. E., Morselli A., Moskalenko I. V., Murgia S., Nakamori T., Naumann-Godo M., Nestoras I., Nolan P. L., Norris J. P., Nuss E., Ohsugi T., Okumura A., Omodei N., Orlando E., Ormes J. F., Ozaki M., Paneque D., Panetta J. H., Parent D., Pelassa V., Pepe M., Pesce-Rollins M., Piron F., Porter T. A., Raino S., Rando R., Razzano M., Reimer A., Reimer O., Reyes L. C., Ripken J., Ritz S., Romani R. W., Roth M., Sadrozinski H. F. -W., Sanchez D., Sander A., Scargle J. D., Sgro C., Shaw M. S., Smith P. D., Spandre G., Spinelli P., Strickman M. S., Suson D. J., Takahashi H., Tanaka T., Thayer J. B., Thayer J. G., Thompson D. J., Tibaldo L., Torres D. F., Tosti G., Tramacere A., Usher T. L., Vandenbroucke J., Vasileiou V., Vilchez N., Vitale V., Waite A. P., Wang P., Winer B. L., Wood K. S., Yang Z., Ylinen T., Ziegler M., Acciari V. A., Aliu E., Arlen T., Aune T., Beilicke M., Benbow W., Bottcher M., Boltuch D., Bradbury S. M., Buckley J. H., Bugaev V., Byrum K., Cannon A., Cesarini A., Christiansen J. L., Ciupik L., Cui W., De La Calle Perez I., Dickherber R., Errando M., Falcone A., Finley J. P., Finnegan G., Fortson L., Furniss A., Galante N., Gall D., Gillanders G. H., Godambe S., Grube J., Guenette R., Gyuk G., Hanna D., Holder J., Hui C. M., Humensky T. B., Imran A., Kaaret P., Karlsson N., Kertzman M., Kieda D., Konopelko A., Krawczynski H., Krennrich F., Lang M. J., LeBohec S., Maier G., McArthur S., McCann A., McCutcheon M., Moriarty P., Mukherjee R., Ong R. A., Otte A. N., Pandel D., Perkins J. S., Pichel A., Pohl M., Quinn J., Ragan K., Reynolds P. T., Roache E., Rose H. J., Schroedter M., Sembroski G. H., Senturk G. D., Smith A. W., Steele D., Swordy S. P., Tesic G., Theiling M., Thibadeau S., Varlotta A., Vassiliev V. V., Vincent S., Wakely S. P., Ward J. E., Weekes T. C., Weinstein A., Weisgarber T., Williams D. A., Wissel S., Wood M., Villata M., Raiteri C. M., Gurwell M. A., Larionov V. M., Kurtanidze O. M., Aller M. F., Lahteenmaki A., Chen W. P., Berduygin A., Agudo I., Aller H. D., Arkharov A. A., Bach U., Bachev R., Beltrame P., Benitez E., Buemi C. S., Dashti J., Calcidese P., Capezzali D., Carosati D., Da Rio D., Di Paola A., Diltz C., Dolci M., Dultzin D., Forne E., Gomez J. L., Hagen-Thorn V. A., Halkola A., Heidt J., Hiriart D., Hovatta T., Hsiao H. -Y., Jorstad S. G., Kimeridze G. N., Konstantinova T. S., Kopatskaya E. N., Koptelova E., Leto P., Ligustri R., Lindfors E., Lopez J. M., Marscher A. P., Mommert M., Mujica R., Nikolashvili M. G., Nilsson K., Palma N., Pasanen M., Roca-Sogorb M., Ros J. A., Roustazadeh P., Sadun A. C., Saino J., Sigua L. A., Sillanaa A., Sorcia M., Takalo L. O., Tornikoski M., Trigilio C., Turchetti R., Umana G., Belloni T., Blake C. H., Bloom J. S., Angelakis E., Fumagalli M., Hauser M., Prochaska J. X., Riquelme D., Sievers A., Starr D. L., Tagliaferri G., Ungerechts H., Wagner S., and Zensus J. A.
Abstract: The BL Lacertae object 3C 66A was detected in a flaring state by the Fe r m i Large Area Telescope (LAT) and VERITAS in 2008 October. In addition to these gamma-ray observations, F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, PAIRITEL, MDM, ATOM, Swift, and Chandra provided radio to X-ray coverage. The available light curves show variability and, in particular, correlated flares are observed in the optical and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray band. The resulting spectral energy distribution can be well fitted using standard leptonic models with and without an external radiation field for inverse Compton scattering. It is found, however, that only the model with an external radiation field can accommodate the intra-night variability observed at optical wavelengths. © 2011. The American Astronomical Society.
Published: 2011

38. New loci and coding variants confer risk for age-related macular degeneration in East Asians.

Author: Cheng, C-Y, Yamashiro, K, Chen, LJ, Ahn, J, Huang, L, Cheung, CMG, Miyake, M, Cackett, PD, Yeo, IY, Laude, A, Mathur, R, Pang, J, Sim, KS, Koh, AH, Chen, P, Lee, SY, Wong, D, Chan, CM, Loh, BK, Sun, Y, Davila, S, Nakata, I, Nakanishi, H, Akagi-Kurashige, Y, Gotoh, N, Tsujikawa, A, Matsuda, F, Mori, K, Yoneya, S, Sakurada, Y, Iijima, H, Iida, T, Honda, S, Lai, TYY, Tam, POS, Chen, H, Tang, S, Ding, X, Wen, F, Lu, F, Zhang, X, Shi, Y, Zhao, P, Zhao, B, Sang, J, Gong, B, Dorajoo, R, Yuan, J-M, Koh, W-P, van Dam, RM, Friedlander, Y, Lin, Y, Hibberd, ML, Foo, JN, Wang, N, Wong, CH, Tan, GS, Park, SJ, Bhargava, M, Gopal, L, Naing, T, Liao, J, Ong, PG, Mitchell, P, Zhou, P, Xie, X, Liang, J, Mei, J, Jin, X, Saw, S-M, Ozaki, M, Mizoguchi, T, Kurimoto, Y, Woo, SJ, Chung, H, Yu, H-G, Shin, JY, Park, DH, Kim, IT, Chang, W, Sagong, M, Lee, S-J, Kim, HW, Lee, JE, Li, Y, Liu, J, Teo, YY, Heng, CK, Lim, TH, Yang, S-K, Song, K, Vithana, EN, Aung, T, Bei, JX, Zeng, YX, Tai, ES, Li, XX, Yang, Z, Park, K-H, Pang, CP, Yoshimura, N, Wong, TY, Khor, CC, Cheng, C-Y, Yamashiro, K, Chen, LJ, Ahn, J, Huang, L, Cheung, CMG, Miyake, M, Cackett, PD, Yeo, IY, Laude, A, Mathur, R, Pang, J, Sim, KS, Koh, AH, Chen, P, Lee, SY, Wong, D, Chan, CM, Loh, BK, Sun, Y, Davila, S, Nakata, I, Nakanishi, H, Akagi-Kurashige, Y, Gotoh, N, Tsujikawa, A, Matsuda, F, Mori, K, Yoneya, S, Sakurada, Y, Iijima, H, Iida, T, Honda, S, Lai, TYY, Tam, POS, Chen, H, Tang, S, Ding, X, Wen, F, Lu, F, Zhang, X, Shi, Y, Zhao, P, Zhao, B, Sang, J, Gong, B, Dorajoo, R, Yuan, J-M, Koh, W-P, van Dam, RM, Friedlander, Y, Lin, Y, Hibberd, ML, Foo, JN, Wang, N, Wong, CH, Tan, GS, Park, SJ, Bhargava, M, Gopal, L, Naing, T, Liao, J, Ong, PG, Mitchell, P, Zhou, P, Xie, X, Liang, J, Mei, J, Jin, X, Saw, S-M, Ozaki, M, Mizoguchi, T, Kurimoto, Y, Woo, SJ, Chung, H, Yu, H-G, Shin, JY, Park, DH, Kim, IT, Chang, W, Sagong, M, Lee, S-J, Kim, HW, Lee, JE, Li, Y, Liu, J, Teo, YY, Heng, CK, Lim, TH, Yang, S-K, Song, K, Vithana, EN, Aung, T, Bei, JX, Zeng, YX, Tai, ES, Li, XX, Yang, Z, Park, K-H, Pang, CP, Yoshimura, N, Wong, TY, and Khor, CC
Abstract: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness, but presents differently in Europeans and Asians. Here, we perform a genome-wide and exome-wide association study on 2,119 patients with exudative AMD and 5,691 controls, with independent replication in 4,226 patients and 10,289 controls, all of East Asian descent, as part of The Genetics of AMD in Asians (GAMA) Consortium. We find a strong association between CETP Asp442Gly (rs2303790), an East Asian-specific mutation, and increased risk of AMD (odds ratio (OR)=1.70, P=5.60 × 10(-22)). The AMD risk allele (442Gly), known to protect from coronary heart disease, increases HDL cholesterol levels by 0.17 mmol l(-1) (P=5.82 × 10(-21)) in East Asians (n=7,102). We also identify three novel AMD loci: C6orf223 Ala231Ala (OR=0.78, P=6.19 × 10(-18)), SLC44A4 Asp47Val (OR=1.27, P=1.08 × 10(-11)) and FGD6 Gln257Arg (OR=0.87, P=2.85 × 10(-8)). Our findings suggest that some of the genetic loci conferring AMD susceptibility in East Asians are shared with Europeans, yet AMD in East Asians may also have a distinct genetic signature.
Published: 2015

39. A common variant near TGFBR3 is associated with primary open angle glaucoma

Author: Li, Z, Allingham, RR, Nakano, M, Jia, L, Chen, Y, Ikeda, Y, Mani, B, Chen, L-J, Kee, C, Garway-Heath, DF, Sripriya, S, Fuse, N, Abu-Amero, KK, Huang, C, Namburi, P, Burdon, K, Perera, SA, Gharahkhani, P, Lin, Y, Ueno, M, Ozaki, M, Mizoguchi, T, Krishnadas, SR, Osman, EA, Lee, MC, Chan, ASY, Tajudin, L-SA, Do, T, Goncalves, A, Reynier, P, Zhang, H, Bourne, R, Goh, D, Broadway, D, Husain, R, Negi, AK, Su, DH, Ho, C-L, Blanco, AA, Leung, CKS, Wong, TT, Yakub, A, Liu, Y, Nongpiur, ME, Han, JC, Hon, DN, Shantha, B, Zhao, B, Sang, J, Zhang, N, Sato, R, Yoshii, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Koch, AEA, Herndon, LW, Moroi, SE, Challa, P, Foo, JN, Bei, J-X, Zeng, Y-X, Simmons, CP, Tran, NBC, Sharmila, PF, Chew, M, Lim, B, Tam, POS, Chua, E, Ng, XY, Yong, VHK, Chong, YF, Meah, WY, Vijayan, S, Seongsoo, S, Xu, W, Teo, YY, Bailey, JNC, Kang, JH, Haines, JL, Cheng, CY, Saw, S-M, Tai, E-S, Richards, JE, Ritch, R, Gaasterland, DE, Pasquale, LR, Liu, J, Jonas, JB, Milea, D, George, R, Al-Obeidan, SA, Mori, K, Macgregor, S, Hewitt, AW, Girkin, CA, Zhang, M, Sundaresan, P, Vijaya, L, Mackey, DA, Wong, TY, Craig, JE, Sun, X, Kinoshita, S, Wiggs, JL, Khor, C-C, Yang, Z, Pang, CP, Wang, N, Hauser, MA, Tashiro, K, Aung, T, Vithana, EN, Li, Z, Allingham, RR, Nakano, M, Jia, L, Chen, Y, Ikeda, Y, Mani, B, Chen, L-J, Kee, C, Garway-Heath, DF, Sripriya, S, Fuse, N, Abu-Amero, KK, Huang, C, Namburi, P, Burdon, K, Perera, SA, Gharahkhani, P, Lin, Y, Ueno, M, Ozaki, M, Mizoguchi, T, Krishnadas, SR, Osman, EA, Lee, MC, Chan, ASY, Tajudin, L-SA, Do, T, Goncalves, A, Reynier, P, Zhang, H, Bourne, R, Goh, D, Broadway, D, Husain, R, Negi, AK, Su, DH, Ho, C-L, Blanco, AA, Leung, CKS, Wong, TT, Yakub, A, Liu, Y, Nongpiur, ME, Han, JC, Hon, DN, Shantha, B, Zhao, B, Sang, J, Zhang, N, Sato, R, Yoshii, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Koch, AEA, Herndon, LW, Moroi, SE, Challa, P, Foo, JN, Bei, J-X, Zeng, Y-X, Simmons, CP, Tran, NBC, Sharmila, PF, Chew, M, Lim, B, Tam, POS, Chua, E, Ng, XY, Yong, VHK, Chong, YF, Meah, WY, Vijayan, S, Seongsoo, S, Xu, W, Teo, YY, Bailey, JNC, Kang, JH, Haines, JL, Cheng, CY, Saw, S-M, Tai, E-S, Richards, JE, Ritch, R, Gaasterland, DE, Pasquale, LR, Liu, J, Jonas, JB, Milea, D, George, R, Al-Obeidan, SA, Mori, K, Macgregor, S, Hewitt, AW, Girkin, CA, Zhang, M, Sundaresan, P, Vijaya, L, Mackey, DA, Wong, TY, Craig, JE, Sun, X, Kinoshita, S, Wiggs, JL, Khor, C-C, Yang, Z, Pang, CP, Wang, N, Hauser, MA, Tashiro, K, Aung, T, and Vithana, EN
Abstract: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), a major cause of blindness worldwide, is a complex disease with a significant genetic contribution. We performed Exome Array (Illumina) analysis on 3504 POAG cases and 9746 controls with replication of the most significant findings in 9173 POAG cases and 26 780 controls across 18 collections of Asian, African and European descent. Apart from confirming strong evidence of association at CDKN2B-AS1 (rs2157719 [G], odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, P = 2.81 × 10(-33)), we observed one SNP showing significant association to POAG (CDC7-TGFBR3 rs1192415, ORG-allele = 1.13, Pmeta = 1.60 × 10(-8)). This particular SNP has previously been shown to be strongly associated with optic disc area and vertical cup-to-disc ratio, which are regarded as glaucoma-related quantitative traits. Our study now extends this by directly implicating it in POAG disease pathogenesis.
Published: 2015

40. ASTRO-H White Paper - Older Supernova Remnants and Pulsar Wind Nebulae

Author: Long, K. S., Bamba, A., Aharonian, F., Foster, A., Funk, S., Hiraga, J., Hughes, J., Ishida, M., Katsuda, S., Matsumoto, H., Mori, K., Nakajima, H., Nakamori, T., Ozaki, M., Safi-Harb, S., Sawada, M., Tamagawa, T., Tamura, K., Tanaka, T., Tsunemi, H., Uchida, H., Uchiyama, Y., Yamauchi, S., Long, K. S., Bamba, A., Aharonian, F., Foster, A., Funk, S., Hiraga, J., Hughes, J., Ishida, M., Katsuda, S., Matsumoto, H., Mori, K., Nakajima, H., Nakamori, T., Ozaki, M., Safi-Harb, S., Sawada, M., Tamagawa, T., Tamura, K., Tanaka, T., Tsunemi, H., Uchida, H., Uchiyama, Y., and Yamauchi, S.
Abstract: Most supernova remnants (SNRs) are old, in the sense that their structure has been profoundly modified by their interaction with the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). Old SNRs are very heterogenous in terms of their appearance, reflecting differences in their evolutionary state, the environments in which SNe explode and in the explosion products. Some old SNRs are seen primarily as a result of a strong shock wave interacting with the ISM. Others, the so-called mixed-morphology SNRs, show central concentrations of emission, which may still show evidence of emission from the ejecta. Yet others, the pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), are seen primarily as a result of emission powered by a pulsar; these SNRs often lack the detectable thermal emission from the primary shock. The underlying goal in all studies of old SNRs is to understand these differences, in terms of the SNe that created them, the nature of the ISM into which they are expanding, and the fundamental physical processes that govern their evolution. Here we identify three areas of study where ASTRO-H can make important contributions. These are constraining abundances and physical processes in mature limb-brightened SNRs, understanding the puzzling nature of mixed-morphology SNRs, and exploring the nature of PWNe. The Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) on-board ASTRO-H will, as a result of its high spectral resolution, be the primary tool for addressing problems associated with old SNRs, supported by hard X-ray observations with the Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) to obtain broad band X-ray coverage., Comment: 25 pages, 17 figures, ASTRO-H White Paper
Published: 2014

41. ASTRO-H White Paper - Young Supernova Remnants

Author: Hughes, J. P., Safi-Harb, S., Bamba, A., Katsuda, S., Leutenegger, M., Long, K. S., Maeda, Y., Mori, K., Nakajima, H., Sawada, M., Tanaka, T., Uchida, H., Yamaguchi, H., Aharonian, F., Funk, S., Hiraga, J., Ishida, M., Koyama, K., Matsumoto, H., Nobukawa, M., Ozaki, M., Tamagawa, T., Tsunemi, H., Tomida, H., Uchiyama, Y., Uno, S., Hughes, J. P., Safi-Harb, S., Bamba, A., Katsuda, S., Leutenegger, M., Long, K. S., Maeda, Y., Mori, K., Nakajima, H., Sawada, M., Tanaka, T., Uchida, H., Yamaguchi, H., Aharonian, F., Funk, S., Hiraga, J., Ishida, M., Koyama, K., Matsumoto, H., Nobukawa, M., Ozaki, M., Tamagawa, T., Tsunemi, H., Tomida, H., Uchiyama, Y., and Uno, S.
Abstract: Thanks to the unprecedented spectral resolution and sensitivity of the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) to soft thermal X-ray emission, ASTRO-H will open a new discovery window for understanding young, ejecta-dominated, supernova remnants (SNRs). In particular we study how ASTRO-H observations will address, comprehensively, three key topics in SNR research: (1) using abundance measurements to unveil SNR progenitors, (2) using spatial and velocity distribution of the ejecta to understand supernova explosion mechanisms, (3) revealing the link between the thermal plasma state of SNRs and the efficiency of their particle acceleration., Comment: 38 pages, 19 figures, ASTRO-H White Paper
Published: 2014

42. ABCC5, a Gene That Influences the Anterior Chamber Depth, Is Associated with Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma

Author: Wiggs, JL, Nongpiur, ME, Khor, CC, Jia, H, Cornes, BK, Chen, L-J, Qiao, C, Nair, KS, Cheng, C-Y, Xu, L, George, R, Do, T, Abu-Amero, K, Perera, SA, Ozaki, M, Mizoguchi, T, Kurimoto, Y, Low, S, Tajudin, L-SA, Ho, C-L, Tham, CCY, Soto, I, Chew, PTK, Wong, H-T, Shantha, B, Kuroda, M, Osman, EA, Tang, G, Fan, S, Meng, H, Wang, H, Feng, B, Yong, VHK, Ting, SML, Li, Y, Wang, Y-X, Li, Z, Lavanya, R, Wu, R-Y, Zheng, Y-F, Su, DH, Loon, S-C, Allingham, RR, Hauser, MA, Soumittra, N, Ramprasad, VL, Waseem, N, Yaakub, A, Chia, K-S, Kumaramanickavel, G, Wong, TT, How, AC, Tran, NBC, Simmons, CP, Bei, J-X, Zeng, Y-X, Bhattacharya, SS, Zhang, M, Tan, DT, Teo, Y-Y, Al-Obeidan, SA, Do, NH, Tai, E-S, Saw, S-M, Foster, PJ, Vijaya, L, Jonas, JB, Wong, T-Y, John, SWM, Pang, C-P, Vithana, EN, Wang, N, Aung, T, Wiggs, JL, Nongpiur, ME, Khor, CC, Jia, H, Cornes, BK, Chen, L-J, Qiao, C, Nair, KS, Cheng, C-Y, Xu, L, George, R, Do, T, Abu-Amero, K, Perera, SA, Ozaki, M, Mizoguchi, T, Kurimoto, Y, Low, S, Tajudin, L-SA, Ho, C-L, Tham, CCY, Soto, I, Chew, PTK, Wong, H-T, Shantha, B, Kuroda, M, Osman, EA, Tang, G, Fan, S, Meng, H, Wang, H, Feng, B, Yong, VHK, Ting, SML, Li, Y, Wang, Y-X, Li, Z, Lavanya, R, Wu, R-Y, Zheng, Y-F, Su, DH, Loon, S-C, Allingham, RR, Hauser, MA, Soumittra, N, Ramprasad, VL, Waseem, N, Yaakub, A, Chia, K-S, Kumaramanickavel, G, Wong, TT, How, AC, Tran, NBC, Simmons, CP, Bei, J-X, Zeng, Y-X, Bhattacharya, SS, Zhang, M, Tan, DT, Teo, Y-Y, Al-Obeidan, SA, Do, NH, Tai, E-S, Saw, S-M, Foster, PJ, Vijaya, L, Jonas, JB, Wong, T-Y, John, SWM, Pang, C-P, Vithana, EN, Wang, N, and Aung, T
Abstract: Anterior chamber depth (ACD) is a key anatomical risk factor for primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on ACD to discover novel genes for PACG on a total of 5,308 population-based individuals of Asian descent. Genome-wide significant association was observed at a sequence variant within ABCC5 (rs1401999; per-allele effect size = -0.045 mm, P = 8.17 × 10(-9)). This locus was associated with an increase in risk of PACG in a separate case-control study of 4,276 PACG cases and 18,801 controls (per-allele OR = 1.13 [95% CI: 1.06-1.22], P = 0.00046). The association was strengthened when a sub-group of controls with open angles were included in the analysis (per-allele OR = 1.30, P = 7.45 × 10(-9); 3,458 cases vs. 3,831 controls). Our findings suggest that the increase in PACG risk could in part be mediated by genetic sequence variants influencing anterior chamber dimensions.
Published: 2014

43. ASTRO-H White Paper - Young Supernova Remnants

Author: Hughes, J. P., Safi-Harb, S., Bamba, A., Katsuda, S., Leutenegger, M., Long, K. S., Maeda, Y., Mori, K., Nakajima, H., Sawada, M., Tanaka, T., Uchida, H., Yamaguchi, H., Aharonian, F., Funk, S., Hiraga, J., Ishida, M., Koyama, K., Matsumoto, H., Nobukawa, M., Ozaki, M., Tamagawa, T., Tsunemi, H., Tomida, H., Uchiyama, Y., Uno, S., Hughes, J. P., Safi-Harb, S., Bamba, A., Katsuda, S., Leutenegger, M., Long, K. S., Maeda, Y., Mori, K., Nakajima, H., Sawada, M., Tanaka, T., Uchida, H., Yamaguchi, H., Aharonian, F., Funk, S., Hiraga, J., Ishida, M., Koyama, K., Matsumoto, H., Nobukawa, M., Ozaki, M., Tamagawa, T., Tsunemi, H., Tomida, H., Uchiyama, Y., and Uno, S.
Abstract: Thanks to the unprecedented spectral resolution and sensitivity of the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) to soft thermal X-ray emission, ASTRO-H will open a new discovery window for understanding young, ejecta-dominated, supernova remnants (SNRs). In particular we study how ASTRO-H observations will address, comprehensively, three key topics in SNR research: (1) using abundance measurements to unveil SNR progenitors, (2) using spatial and velocity distribution of the ejecta to understand supernova explosion mechanisms, (3) revealing the link between the thermal plasma state of SNRs and the efficiency of their particle acceleration., Comment: 38 pages, 19 figures, ASTRO-H White Paper
Published: 2014

44. ASTRO-H White Paper - Older Supernova Remnants and Pulsar Wind Nebulae

Author: Long, K. S., Bamba, A., Aharonian, F., Foster, A., Funk, S., Hiraga, J., Hughes, J., Ishida, M., Katsuda, S., Matsumoto, H., Mori, K., Nakajima, H., Nakamori, T., Ozaki, M., Safi-Harb, S., Sawada, M., Tamagawa, T., Tamura, K., Tanaka, T., Tsunemi, H., Uchida, H., Uchiyama, Y., Yamauchi, S., Long, K. S., Bamba, A., Aharonian, F., Foster, A., Funk, S., Hiraga, J., Hughes, J., Ishida, M., Katsuda, S., Matsumoto, H., Mori, K., Nakajima, H., Nakamori, T., Ozaki, M., Safi-Harb, S., Sawada, M., Tamagawa, T., Tamura, K., Tanaka, T., Tsunemi, H., Uchida, H., Uchiyama, Y., and Yamauchi, S.
Abstract: Most supernova remnants (SNRs) are old, in the sense that their structure has been profoundly modified by their interaction with the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). Old SNRs are very heterogenous in terms of their appearance, reflecting differences in their evolutionary state, the environments in which SNe explode and in the explosion products. Some old SNRs are seen primarily as a result of a strong shock wave interacting with the ISM. Others, the so-called mixed-morphology SNRs, show central concentrations of emission, which may still show evidence of emission from the ejecta. Yet others, the pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), are seen primarily as a result of emission powered by a pulsar; these SNRs often lack the detectable thermal emission from the primary shock. The underlying goal in all studies of old SNRs is to understand these differences, in terms of the SNe that created them, the nature of the ISM into which they are expanding, and the fundamental physical processes that govern their evolution. Here we identify three areas of study where ASTRO-H can make important contributions. These are constraining abundances and physical processes in mature limb-brightened SNRs, understanding the puzzling nature of mixed-morphology SNRs, and exploring the nature of PWNe. The Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) on-board ASTRO-H will, as a result of its high spectral resolution, be the primary tool for addressing problems associated with old SNRs, supported by hard X-ray observations with the Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) to obtain broad band X-ray coverage., Comment: 25 pages, 17 figures, ASTRO-H White Paper
Published: 2014

45. Optical properties of substituted phthalocyanine rare-earth metal complexes

Author: Yoshino, K, Lee, SB, Sonoda, T, Kawagishi, H, Hidayat, R, Nakayama, K, Ozaki, M, Ban, K, Nishizawa, K, Ohta, K; yVLFjekV, Shirai, H, Yoshino, K, Lee, SB, Sonoda, T, Kawagishi, H, Hidayat, R, Nakayama, K, Ozaki, M, Ban, K, Nishizawa, K, Ohta, K; yVLFjekV, and Shirai, H
Abstract: Comparative study of optical properties of alkylthio-group-substituted phthalocyanine rare-earth metal sandwich complexes ([(CnS)(8)Pc](2)M,M=Eu,Lu,Tb) is presented. Photoluminescence and photoconductivity of [(CnS)(8)Pc](2)M complex is very weak. Two photoluminescence bands were observed at around 400-650 and 720-800 nm in chloroform solution corresponding to the Soret and Q bands in the absorption spectra, respectively. However, the emission from Eu3+ ion (as well as Tb3+) was not found compared with other Eu complexes because the 5d levels of the Eu3+ ion lie higher than the triplet level of the ligand. The significant enhancement of the photoconductivity of [(C16S)(8)Pc](2)M after C-60 doping is reported. The photoconductivity is positive at the low electric field in the ohmic regime while it becomes negative at the high electric field upon photoexcitation with strongly absorbed light. The negative photoconductivity is attributed to space-charge effects. The mechanism of photoluminescence and photoconductivity are discussed by taking the electronic energy schemes of phthalocyanine ligands and lanthanide ion and C-60 into consideration.
Published: 2013

46. Erratum: Fermi large area telescope study of cosmic-rays and the interstellar medium in nearby molecular clouds (ApJ (2012) 755 (22))

Author: Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R., Bloom, E., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Busetto, G., Buson, S., Caliandro, G., Cameron, R., Caraveo, P., Casandjian, J., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., D’Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C., Digel, S., Do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Falletti, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S., Ferrara, E., Focke, W., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I., Grondin, M., Grove, J., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A., Hayashi, K., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R., Itoh, R., Jackson, M., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Lee, S., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M., Lubrano, P., Martin, P., Mazziotta, M., McEnery, J., Mehault, J., Michelson, P., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A., Monte, C., Monzani, M., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nemmen, R., Nishino, S., Norris, J., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J., Parent, D., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Sada, T., Sadrozinski, H., Sanchez, D., Sbarra, C., Sgro, C., Siskind, E., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strong, A., Suson, D., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J., Thompson, D., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, Omar, Tinivella, M., Torres, D., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Uehara, T., Usher, T., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A., Wang, P., Winer, B., Wood, K., Yamamoto, H., Yang, Z., Zimmer, S., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R., Bloom, E., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Busetto, G., Buson, S., Caliandro, G., Cameron, R., Caraveo, P., Casandjian, J., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., D’Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C., Digel, S., Do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Falletti, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S., Ferrara, E., Focke, W., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I., Grondin, M., Grove, J., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A., Hayashi, K., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R., Itoh, R., Jackson, M., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Lee, S., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M., Lubrano, P., Martin, P., Mazziotta, M., McEnery, J., Mehault, J., Michelson, P., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A., Monte, C., Monzani, M., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nemmen, R., Nishino, S., Norris, J., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J., Parent, D., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Sada, T., Sadrozinski, H., Sanchez, D., Sbarra, C., Sgro, C., Siskind, E., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strong, A., Suson, D., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J., Thompson, D., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, Omar, Tinivella, M., Torres, D., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Uehara, T., Usher, T., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A., Wang, P., Winer, B., Wood, K., Yamamoto, H., Yang, Z., and Zimmer, S.
Published: 2013

47. Fermi large area telescope study of cosmic rays and the interstellar medium in nearby molecular clouds

Author: Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Busetto, G., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., D'Ammando, F., De Angelis, A., De Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Do Couto E Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Falletti, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H, Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashi, K., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Itoh, R., Jackson, Miranda S., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Lee, S. -H, Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Martin, P., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nemmen, R., Nishino, S., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Sada, T., Sadrozinski, H. F. -W, Sanchez, D. A., Sbarra, C., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Uehara, T., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yamamoto, H., Yang, Z., Zimmer, S., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Busetto, G., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., D'Ammando, F., De Angelis, A., De Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Do Couto E Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Falletti, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H, Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashi, K., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Itoh, R., Jackson, Miranda S., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Lee, S. -H, Lemoine-Goumard, M., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Martin, P., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Naumann-Godo, M., Nemmen, R., Nishino, S., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Romoli, C., Roth, M., Sada, T., Sadrozinski, H. F. -W, Sanchez, D. A., Sbarra, C., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strong, A. W., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Tramacere, A., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Uehara, T., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yamamoto, H., Yang, Z., and Zimmer, S.
Abstract: We report an analysis of the interstellar gamma-ray emission from the Chamaeleon, R Coronae Australis (R CrA), and Cepheus and Polaris flare regions with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. They are among the nearest molecular cloud complexes, within similar to 300 pc from the solar system. The gamma-ray emission produced by interactions of cosmic rays (CRs) and interstellar gas in those molecular clouds is useful to study the CR densities and distributions of molecular gas close to the solar system. The obtained gamma-ray emissivities above 250 MeV are (5.9 +/- 0.1(stat-1.0sys)(+0.9)) x 10(-27) photons s(-1) sr(-1) H-atom(-1), (10.2 +/- 0.4(stat-1.7sys)(+1.2)) x 10(-27) photons s(-1) sr(-1) H-atom(-1), and (9.1 +/- 0.3(stat-0.6sys)(+1.5)) x 10(-27) photons s(-1) sr(-1) H-atom(-1) for the Chamaeleon, R CrA, and Cepheus and Polaris flare regions, respectively. Whereas the energy dependences of the emissivities agree well with that predicted from direct CR observations at the Earth, the measured emissivities from 250 MeV to 10 GeV indicate a variation of the CR density by similar to 20% in the neighborhood of the solar system, even if we consider systematic uncertainties. The molecular mass calibrating ratio, X-CO = N(H-2)/W-CO, is found to be (0.96 +/- 0.06(stat-0.12sys)(+0.15)) x 10(20) H-2-molecule cm(-2) (K km s(-1))(-1), (0.99 +/- 0.08(stat-0.10sys)(+0.18)) x 10(20) H-2-molecule cm(-2) (K km s(-1))(-1), and (0.63 +/- 0.02(stat-0.07sys)(+0.09)) x 10(20) H-2-molecule cm(-2) (K km s(-1))(-1) for the Chamaeleon, R CrA, and Cepheus and Polaris flare regions, respectively, suggesting a variation of X-CO in the vicinity of the solar system. From the obtained values of X-CO, the masses of molecular gas traced by W-CO in the Chamaeleon, R CrA, and Cepheus and Polaris flare regions are estimated to be similar to 5 x 10(3)M(circle dot), similar to 10(3)M(circle dot), and similar to 3.3 x 10(4)M(circle dot), respectively. A comparable amount of gas not traced well by standard Hi, Correction in: Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 78, Issue. 1, Article number 22. DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/778/1/82, WOS: 000327131700082, ScopusID: 2-s2.0-84887748687QC 20120907.
Published: 2012
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48. In-flight measurement of the absolute energy scale of the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author: Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cutini, S., De Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Do Couto E Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Enoto, T., Falletti, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., JÃ³hannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, T. J., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., KnÃ¶dlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Naumann-Godo, M., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Rain, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Sgr, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Zimmer, S., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bouvier, A., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cecchi, C., Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cutini, S., De Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Do Couto E Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Enoto, T., Falletti, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grove, J. E., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hughes, R. E., JÃ³hannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, T. J., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., KnÃ¶dlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Latronico, L., Lee, S. -H, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., Michelson, P. F., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Naumann-Godo, M., Nolan, P. L., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Rain, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Sgr, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vilchez, N., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., and Zimmer, S.
Abstract: The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on-board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is a pair-conversion telescope designed to survey the gamma-ray sky from 20 MeV to several hundreds of GeV. In this energy band there are no astronomical sources with sufficiently well known and sharp spectral features to allow an absolute calibration of the LAT energy scale. However, the geomagnetic cutoff in the cosmic ray electron-plus-positron (CRE) spectrum in low Earth orbit does provide such a spectral feature. The energy and spectral shape of this cutoff can be calculated with the aid of a numerical code tracing charged particles in the Earth's magnetic field. By comparing the cutoff value with that measured by the LAT in different geomagnetic positions, we have obtained several calibration points between âˆŒ6 and âˆŒ13 GeV with an estimated uncertainty of âˆŒ2%. An energy calibration with such high accuracy reduces the systematic uncertainty in LAT measurements of, for example, the spectral cutoff in the emission from gamma ray pulsars., QC 20120402
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Fermi large area telescope second source catalog

Author: Nolan, P. L., Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Antolini, E., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Belfiore, A., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bignami, G. F., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bonnell, J., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burnett, T. H., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Campana, R., Canadas, B., Cannon, A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Cecchi, C., Celik, Oe, Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chipaux, R., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., Corbet, R., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., Davis, D. S., de Angelis, A., DeCesar, M. E., DeKlotz, M., De Luca, A., den Hartog, P. R., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Do Couto E Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Enoto, T., Escande, L., Fabiani, D., Falletti, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H, Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hill, A. B., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Iafrate, G., Itoh, R., Johannesson, G., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, T. E., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, T. J., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Katsuta, J., Kawai, N., Kerr, M., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Landriu, D., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lionetto, A. M., Garde, M. Llena, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Marelli, M., Massaro, E., Mazziotta, M. N., McConville, W., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Minuti, M., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Mongelli, M., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Naumann-Godo, M., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Nymark, Tanja, Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Pinchera, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Rousseau, R., Ryde, Felix, Sadrozinski, H. F. -W, Salvetti, D., Sanchez, D. A., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Sbarra, C., Scargle, J. D., Schalk, T. L., Sgro, C., Shaw, M. S., Shrader, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stephens, T. E., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Tinebra, F., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Etten, A., Van Klaveren, B., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wallace, E., Wang, P., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, D. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Yang, Z., Zimmer, S., Nolan, P. L., Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Antolini, E., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, Magnus, Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Belfiore, A., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Bignami, G. F., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Bonnell, J., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Bouvier, A., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Burnett, T. H., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Campana, R., Canadas, B., Cannon, A., Caraveo, P. A., Casandjian, J. M., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Cecchi, C., Celik, Oe, Charles, E., Chekhtman, A., Cheung, C. C., Chiang, J., Chipaux, R., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cominsky, L. R., Conrad, J., Corbet, R., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., Davis, D. S., de Angelis, A., DeCesar, M. E., DeKlotz, M., De Luca, A., den Hartog, P. R., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., Digel, S. W., Do Couto E Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dubois, R., Dumora, D., Enoto, T., Escande, L., Fabiani, D., Falletti, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fortin, P., Frailis, M., Fukazawa, Y., Funk, S., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Gehrels, N., Germani, S., Giebels, B., Giglietto, N., Giommi, P., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Grenier, I. A., Grondin, M. -H, Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hays, E., Hill, A. B., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Iafrate, G., Itoh, R., Johannesson, G., Johnson, R. P., Johnson, T. E., Johnson, A. S., Johnson, T. J., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Katsuta, J., Kawai, N., Kerr, M., Knoedlseder, J., Kocevski, D., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Landriu, D., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lionetto, A. M., Garde, M. Llena, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lott, B., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Madejski, G. M., Marelli, M., Massaro, E., Mazziotta, M. N., McConville, W., McEnery, J. E., Mehault, J., Michelson, P. F., Minuti, M., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Moiseev, A. A., Mongelli, M., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Naumann-Godo, M., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Nymark, Tanja, Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Omodei, N., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Pinchera, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Reposeur, T., Ritz, S., Rochester, L. S., Romani, R. W., Roth, M., Rousseau, R., Ryde, Felix, Sadrozinski, H. F. -W, Salvetti, D., Sanchez, D. A., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Sbarra, C., Scargle, J. D., Schalk, T. L., Sgro, C., Shaw, M. S., Shrader, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stephens, T. E., Strickman, M. S., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Tibolla, O., Tinebra, F., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Vandenbroucke, J., Van Etten, A., Van Klaveren, B., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wallace, E., Wang, P., Werner, M., Winer, B. L., Wood, D. L., Wood, K. S., Wood, M., Yang, Z., and Zimmer, S.
Abstract: We present the second catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary science instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), derived from data taken during the first 24 months of the science phase of the mission, which began on 2008 August 4. Source detection is based on the average flux over the 24 month period. The second Fermi-LAT catalog (2FGL) includes source location regions, defined in terms of elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and spectral fits in terms of power-law, exponentially cutoff power-law, or log-normal forms. Also included are flux measurements in five energy bands and light curves on monthly intervals for each source. Twelve sources in the catalog are modeled as spatially extended. We provide a detailed comparison of the results from this catalog with those from the first Fermi-LAT catalog (1FGL). Although the diffuse Galactic and isotropic models used in the 2FGL analysis are improved compared to the 1FGL catalog, we attach caution flags to 162 of the sources to indicate possible confusion with residual imperfections in the diffuse model. The 2FGL catalog contains 1873 sources detected and characterized in the 100 MeV to 100 GeV range of which we consider 127 as being firmly identified and 1171 as being reliably associated with counterparts of known or likely gamma-ray-producing source classes., QC 20120521
Published: 2012
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50. Gamma-ray observations of the orion molecular clouds with the fermi large area telescope

Author: Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Antolini, E., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Enoto, T., Falletti, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hayashi, K., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Jackson, Miranda S., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kerr, M., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Lee, S. -H, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makishima, K., Mazziotta, M. N., Mehault, J., Mitthumsiri, W., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Naumann-Godo, M., Nishino, S., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. -W, Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strong, A. W., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibolla, O., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tramacere, A., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., Zimmer, S., Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Antolini, E., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Bechtol, K., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Brandt, T. J., Bregeon, J., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Caliandro, G. A., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cecchi, C., Chekhtman, A., Chiang, J., Ciprini, S., Claus, R., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Conrad, J., D'Ammando, F., de Angelis, A., de Palma, F., Dermer, C. D., do Couto e Silva, E., Drell, P. S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Enoto, T., Falletti, L., Favuzzi, C., Fegan, S. J., Ferrara, E. C., Focke, W. B., Fukazawa, Y., Fukui, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Germani, S., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Godfrey, G., Guiriec, S., Hadasch, D., Hanabata, Y., Harding, A. K., Hayashida, M., Hayashi, K., Horan, D., Hou, X., Hughes, R. E., Jackson, Miranda S., Johannesson, G., Johnson, A. S., Kamae, T., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kerr, M., Knodlseder, J., Kuss, M., Lande, J., Larsson, S., Lee, S. -H, Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Makishima, K., Mazziotta, M. N., Mehault, J., Mitthumsiri, W., Moiseev, A. A., Monte, C., Monzani, M. E., Morselli, A., Moskalenko, I. V., Murgia, S., Nakamori, T., Naumann-Godo, M., Nishino, S., Norris, J. P., Nuss, E., Ohno, M., Ohsugi, T., Okumura, A., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Ormes, J. F., Ozaki, M., Paneque, D., Panetta, J. H., Parent, D., Pelassa, V., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pierbattista, M., Piron, F., Pivato, G., Porter, T. A., Raino, S., Razzano, M., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Roth, M., Sadrozinski, H. F. -W, Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Strong, A. W., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Tanaka, T., Thayer, J. G., Thayer, J. B., Tibolla, O., Tinivella, M., Torres, D. F., Tramacere, A., Troja, E., Uchiyama, Y., Usher, T. L., Vandenbroucke, J., Vasileiou, V., Vianello, G., Vitale, V., Waite, A. P., Wang, P., Winer, B. L., Wood, K. S., Yang, Z., and Zimmer, S.
Abstract: We report on the gamma-ray observations of giant molecular clouds Orion A and B with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The gamma-ray emission in the energy band between similar to 100 MeV and similar to 100 GeV is predicted to trace the gas mass distribution in the clouds through nuclear interactions between the Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) and interstellar gas. The gamma-ray production cross-section for the nuclear interaction is known to similar to 10% precision which makes the LAT a powerful tool to measure the gas mass column density distribution of molecular clouds for a known CR intensity. We present here such distributions for Orion A and B, and correlate them with those of the velocity-integrated CO intensity (W-CO) at a 1 degrees x 1 degrees pixel level. The correlation is found to be linear over a W-CO range of similar to 10-fold when divided in three regions, suggesting penetration of nuclear CRs to most of the cloud volumes. The W-CO-to-mass conversion factor, X-CO, is found to be similar to 2.3 x 10(20) cm(-2) (K km s(-1))(-1) for the high-longitude part of Orion A (l > 212 degrees), similar to 1.7 times higher than similar to 1.3 x 10(20) found for the rest of Orion A and B. We interpret the apparent high XCO in the high-longitude region of Orion A in the light of recent works proposing a nonlinear relation between H-2 and CO densities in the diffuse molecular gas. W-CO decreases faster than the H-2 column density in the region making the gas "darker" to W-CO., QC 20121109
Published: 2012
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