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This study examined the potential of two in vitro static digestion models, namely the pH-drop and INFOGEST 2.0, to determine in vitro protein digestibility and amino acid digestibility in assessing protein quality. The pH-drop model directly measured in vitro protein digestibility for the subsequent calculation of the in vitro Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (IV-PDCAAS) value. However, the INFOGEST model digestion products were analyzed by three methods: i) OPA derivatization, ii) total nitrogen via Kjeldahl, and iii) individual amino acid analysis to determine in vitro protein digestibility and IV-PDCAAS. The latter analysis was additionally used to assess in vitro amino acid digestibility, subsequently used to calculate in vitro Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (IV-DIAAS). Among the four assessment methods, the OPA assay and total amino acid analysis from the INFOGEST digestion products demonstrated closer associations with in vivo PDCAAS compared to the pH-drop model and the Kjeldahl analysis. However, the pH-drop model, with a straightforward and simple approach, exhibited better repeatability across measurements. Using three popular assays, the PDCAAS, the DIAAS, and the Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), to evaluate protein quality and permitted protein content claims of samples, it was observed that there was no difference in terms of protein content claims determined when using the in vivo or four in vitro methodologies. The results indicated that the PDCAAS generally offered higher protein permitted claims than the DIAAS and the PER methods and their respective protein content claims, highlighting that the selection of assessment methods impacts the limiting amino acid and protein quality and extends to subsequent claims for the sample. In conclusion, the pH-drop model is straightforward and highly repeatable; however, the INFOGEST model showed a closer correlation with in vivo data. Additionally, the in vitro static INFOGEST digesta

Background: Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) within the broader class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are present in human serum as isomer mixtures, but epidemiological studies have yet to address isomer-specific associations with child development and behavior. Objectives: To examine associations between prenatal exposure to 25 PFAAs, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) isomers, and child neurodevelopment among 490 mother-child pairs in a prospective Canadian birth cohort, the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study. To consider the influence of a classic neurotoxicant, total mercury (THg), based on its likelihood of co-exposure with PFAAs from common dietary sources. Methods: Maternal blood samples were collected in the second trimester and child neurodevelopment was assessed at 2 years of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley-III). Linear or curvilinear multiple regression models were used to examine associations between exposures and neurodevelopment outcomes. Results: Select PFAAs were associated with lower Cognitive composite scores, including perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA) (& beta; = -0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.7, -0.06) and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA) (& beta; = -2.0, 95% CI: -3.9, -0.01). Non-linear relationships revealed associations of total PFOS (& beta; = -4.4, 95% CI: -8.3, -0.43), and linear-PFOS (& beta; = -4.0, 95% CI: -7.5, -0.57) and 1m-PFOS (& beta; = -1.8, 95% CI: -3.3, -0.24) isomers with lower Language composite scores. Although there was no effect modification, including THg interaction terms in PFAA models revealed negative associations between perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and Motor (& beta; = -3.3, 95% CI: -6.2, -0.33) and Social-Emotional (& beta; = -3.0, 95% CI: -5.6, -0.40) composite scores. Discussion: These findings reinforce previous reports of adverse effects of maternal PFAA exposure during pr

The effect of class size on student learning has numerous policy implications and has been a major subject of conversation and research for decades. Despite this, few studies have been done on class size in the context of university settings or physics courses. This dissertation helps address that gap in the literature by quantitatively analyzing the effect of class size on students’ understanding of physics concepts in active-learning based introductory physics courses for bioscience majors at a large, R1 university. In the process, this dissertation also discusses the reasoning and methods behind three-level basic Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM), which is a particular form of statistical regression, along with analyzing the effects of several additional, non-class-size related, student and class-level characteristics on student understanding of physics concepts.In this study, a student taking a given course is part of a section which is itself part of a larger Lecture. It was found that Grades, which were used as a proxy for students’ understanding of physics, varied a lot between individual students and also between Lectures, but varied relatively little between different sections within the same Lecture. Furthermore, these Grades were affected substantially by the student-level factors which were part of this study, including academic factors like GPA and repeating a course, as well as demographic factors like race and ethnicity. These Grades were also impacted greatly by Lecture-level factors that were part of this study, like academic term and Lecture instructor. However, these Grades were not consistently impacted by any of the section-level factors that were part of this study, including start times and mean GPA.On class size specifically, within the ranges studied here, class size did not have much of an effect on Grades in the courses that were part of this study. There were some signs that larger Lecture sizes lead to lower Grades, but there was not en

Background: Associations between per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), mainly PFOS and PFOA, and increased blood lipids have been reported primarily from cross-sectional studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between multiple PFAS and blood lipids in a longitudinal fashion. Methods: A total of 864 men and women aged 70 years and free from lipid medication were included from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study from Uppsala Sweden, 614 and 404 of those were reinvestigated at age 75 and 80. At all three occasions, eight PFAS were measured in plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were also measured in plasma at all three occasions. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between the changes in PFAS levels and changes in lipid levels. Results: Changes in plasma levels of six out of the eight investigated PFAS were positively associated with changes in plasma lipids after adjustment for sex, change in body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, statin use (age was the same in all subjects), and correction for multiple testing. For example, changes in perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were positively associated with the changes in total cholesterol (13: 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14 to 0.32), triglycerides (13: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04-0.12) and HDL-cholesterol (13: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04-0.11). Conclusion: In this longitudinal study with three measurements over 10 years of both plasma PFAS and lipids, changes in six out of the eight investigated PFAS were positively associated with changes in plasma lipids, giving further support for a role of PFAS exposure in human lipid metabolism.

Background: Associations between per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), mainly PFOS and PFOA, and increased blood lipids have been reported primarily from cross-sectional studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between multiple PFAS and blood lipids in a longitudinal fashion. Methods: A total of 864 men and women aged 70 years and free from lipid medication were included from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study from Uppsala Sweden, 614 and 404 of those were reinvestigated at age 75 and 80. At all three occasions, eight PFAS were measured in plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were also measured in plasma at all three occasions. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between the changes in PFAS levels and changes in lipid levels. Results: Changes in plasma levels of six out of the eight investigated PFAS were positively associated with changes in plasma lipids after adjustment for sex, change in body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, statin use (age was the same in all subjects), and correction for multiple testing. For example, changes in perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were positively associated with the changes in total cholesterol (13: 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14 to 0.32), triglycerides (13: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04-0.12) and HDL-cholesterol (13: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04-0.11). Conclusion: In this longitudinal study with three measurements over 10 years of both plasma PFAS and lipids, changes in six out of the eight investigated PFAS were positively associated with changes in plasma lipids, giving further support for a role of PFAS exposure in human lipid metabolism.

Background: Associations between per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), mainly PFOS and PFOA, and increased blood lipids have been reported primarily from cross-sectional studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between multiple PFAS and blood lipids in a longitudinal fashion. Methods: A total of 864 men and women aged 70 years and free from lipid medication were included from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study from Uppsala Sweden, 614 and 404 of those were reinvestigated at age 75 and 80. At all three occasions, eight PFAS were measured in plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were also measured in plasma at all three occasions. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between the changes in PFAS levels and changes in lipid levels. Results: Changes in plasma levels of six out of the eight investigated PFAS were positively associated with changes in plasma lipids after adjustment for sex, change in body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, statin use (age was the same in all subjects), and correction for multiple testing. For example, changes in perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were positively associated with the changes in total cholesterol (13: 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14 to 0.32), triglycerides (13: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04-0.12) and HDL-cholesterol (13: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04-0.11). Conclusion: In this longitudinal study with three measurements over 10 years of both plasma PFAS and lipids, changes in six out of the eight investigated PFAS were positively associated with changes in plasma lipids, giving further support for a role of PFAS exposure in human lipid metabolism.

The effect of class size on student learning has numerous policy implications and has been a major subject of conversation and research for decades. Despite this, few studies have been done on class size in the context of university settings or physics courses. This dissertation helps address that gap in the literature by quantitatively analyzing the effect of class size on students’ understanding of physics concepts in active-learning based introductory physics courses for bioscience majors at a large, R1 university. In the process, this dissertation also discusses the reasoning and methods behind three-level basic Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM), which is a particular form of statistical regression, along with analyzing the effects of several additional, non-class-size related, student and class-level characteristics on student understanding of physics concepts.In this study, a student taking a given course is part of a section which is itself part of a larger Lecture. It was found that Grades, which were used as a proxy for students’ understanding of physics, varied a lot between individual students and also between Lectures, but varied relatively little between different sections within the same Lecture. Furthermore, these Grades were affected substantially by the student-level factors which were part of this study, including academic factors like GPA and repeating a course, as well as demographic factors like race and ethnicity. These Grades were also impacted greatly by Lecture-level factors that were part of this study, like academic term and Lecture instructor. However, these Grades were not consistently impacted by any of the section-level factors that were part of this study, including start times and mean GPA.On class size specifically, within the ranges studied here, class size did not have much of an effect on Grades in the courses that were part of this study. There were some signs that larger Lecture sizes lead to lower Grades, but there was not en

Participants in biomonitoring studies who receive personal exposure reports seek information to reduce exposures. Many chemical exposures are driven by systems-level policies rather than individual actions; therefore, change requires engagement in collective action. Participants' perceptions of collective action and use of report-back to support engagement remain unclear. We conducted virtual focus groups during summer 2020 in a diverse group of peripartum people from cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program (N = 18). We assessed baseline exposure and collective action experience, and report-back preferences. Participants were motivated to protect the health of their families and communities despite significant time and cognitive burdens. They requested time-conscious tactics and accessible information to enable action to reduce individual and collective exposures. Participant input informed the design of digital report-back in the cohorts. This study highlights opportunities to shift responsibility from individuals to policymakers to reduce chemical exposures at the systems level.

Background: Associations between per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), mainly PFOS and PFOA, and increased blood lipids have been reported primarily from cross-sectional studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between multiple PFAS and blood lipids in a longitudinal fashion. Methods: A total of 864 men and women aged 70 years and free from lipid medication were included from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study from Uppsala Sweden, 614 and 404 of those were reinvestigated at age 75 and 80. At all three occasions, eight PFAS were measured in plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were also measured in plasma at all three occasions. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between the changes in PFAS levels and changes in lipid levels. Results: Changes in plasma levels of six out of the eight investigated PFAS were positively associated with changes in plasma lipids after adjustment for sex, change in body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, statin use (age was the same in all subjects), and correction for multiple testing. For example, changes in perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were positively associated with the changes in total cholesterol (13: 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14 to 0.32), triglycerides (13: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04-0.12) and HDL-cholesterol (13: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04-0.11). Conclusion: In this longitudinal study with three measurements over 10 years of both plasma PFAS and lipids, changes in six out of the eight investigated PFAS were positively associated with changes in plasma lipids, giving further support for a role of PFAS exposure in human lipid metabolism.

Background: Associations between per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), mainly PFOS and PFOA, and increased blood lipids have been reported primarily from cross-sectional studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between multiple PFAS and blood lipids in a longitudinal fashion. Methods: A total of 864 men and women aged 70 years and free from lipid medication were included from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study from Uppsala Sweden, 614 and 404 of those were reinvestigated at age 75 and 80. At all three occasions, eight PFAS were measured in plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were also measured in plasma at all three occasions. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between the changes in PFAS levels and changes in lipid levels. Results: Changes in plasma levels of six out of the eight investigated PFAS were positively associated with changes in plasma lipids after adjustment for sex, change in body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, statin use (age was the same in all subjects), and correction for multiple testing. For example, changes in perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) were positively associated with the changes in total cholesterol (13: 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14 to 0.32), triglycerides (13: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04-0.12) and HDL-cholesterol (13: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04-0.11). Conclusion: In this longitudinal study with three measurements over 10 years of both plasma PFAS and lipids, changes in six out of the eight investigated PFAS were positively associated with changes in plasma lipids, giving further support for a role of PFAS exposure in human lipid metabolism.

BackgroundInfants whose mothers experience greater psychosocial stress and environmental chemical exposures during pregnancy may face greater rates of preterm birth, lower birth weight, and impaired neurodevelopment.MethodsECHO.CA.IL is composed of two cohorts, Chemicals in Our Bodies (CIOB; n = 822 pregnant women and n = 286 infants) and Illinois Kids Development Study (IKIDS; n = 565 mother-infant pairs), which recruit pregnant women from San Francisco, CA and Urbana-Champaign, IL, respectively. We examined associations between demographic characteristics and gestational age, birth weight z-scores, and cognition at 7.5 months across these two cohorts using linear models. We also examined differences in biomarkers of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), measured in second-trimester serum, and psychosocial stressors by cohort and participant demographics.ResultsTo date, these cohorts have recruited over 1300 pregnant women combined. IKIDS has mothers who are majority white (80%), whereas CIOB mothers are racially and ethnically diverse (38% white, 34% Hispanic, 17% Asian/Pacific Islander). Compared to CIOB, median levels of PFOS, a specific PFAS congener, are higher in IKIDS (2.45 ng/mL versus 1.94 ng/mL), while psychosocial stressors are higher among CIOB. Across both cohorts, women who were non-white and single had lower birth weight z-scores relative to white women and married women, respectively. Demographic characteristics are not associated with cognitive outcomes at 7.5 months.ConclusionsThis profile of the ECHO.CA.IL cohort found that mothers and their infants who vary in terms of socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and geographic location are similar in many of our measures of exposures and cognitive outcomes. Similar to past work, we found that non-white and single women had lower birth weight infants than white and married women. We also found differences in levels of PFOS and psychosocial stressors based on geographic location.

[ES] El método de valoración relativa de acciones se basa en la aplicación de múltiplos financieros. En este trabajo se estudian cuatro de los múltiplos más utilizados en la creación de carteras de acciones: los múltiplos de precios como el PER corriente y el PER trailing, que utilizan diferentes beneficios netos por acción en el denominador, y los múltiplos de valor de empresa como el EV/EBITDA y el EV/EBIT. El trabajo se divide en dos partes: En primer lugar, con el objetivo de analizar los múltiplos seleccionados, se recopilan datos históricos de los diferentes sectores estadounidenses desde el año 2000 hasta el 2019. Así, se analiza la evolución de los valores de dichos ratios con el fin de obtener conclusiones significativas. En segundo lugar, una vez explicados los ratios y analizada la evolución de las diferentes industrias seleccionadas tras la transformación de la muestra inicial, se proponen tres estrategias de inversión por cada múltiplo. El objetivo es determinar los posibles resultados que los inversores habrían obtenido en el periodo considerado si el posicionamiento de los recursos monetarios se efectuara a un año vista y el único criterio para llevar a cabo la inversión y monitorizar los resultados obtenidos fuera un múltiplo financiero. Las estrategias son las siguientes: inversión en aquellos sectores con menores valores del ratio utilizado; inversión en aquellos sectores con múltiplos más elevados y, por último, la estrategia más diversificada, que consiste en abrir posiciones en todos los sectores de la muestra. Para las transformaciones que se realizan en las muestras y la aplicación de técnicas estadísticas y representaciones gráficas se ha utilizado el lenguaje de programación mediante scripts R., [EN] The relative stock valuation method is based on the application of financial multiples. This paper studies four of the most commonly used multiples in the creation of equity portfolios: price multiples such as the current PER and the trailing PER, which use different net earnings per share in the denominator, and enterprise value multiples such as EV/EBITDA and EV/EBIT. The paper is divided into two parts: First, in order to analyze the selected multiples, historical data is collected for the different US sectors from 2000 to 2019. Thus, the evolution of the values of these ratios is analyzed in order to obtain significant conclusions. Secondly, once the ratios have been explained and the evolution of the different industries selected after the transformation of the initial sample has been analyzed, three investment strategies are proposed for each multiple. The objective is to determine the possible results that investors would have obtained in the period considered if the positioning of monetary resources were carried out one year ahead and the only criterion for carrying out the investment and monitoring the results obtained was a financial multiple. The strategies are as follows: investment in those sectors with lower values of the ratio used; investment in those sectors with higher multiples and, finally, the most diversified strategy, which consists of opening positions in all the sectors in the sample. The R scripting language was used for the sample transformations and the application of statistical techniques and graphical representations.

[ES] El método de valoración relativa de acciones se basa en la aplicación de múltiplos financieros. En este trabajo se estudian cuatro de los múltiplos más utilizados en la creación de carteras de acciones: los múltiplos de precios como el PER corriente y el PER trailing, que utilizan diferentes beneficios netos por acción en el denominador, y los múltiplos de valor de empresa como el EV/EBITDA y el EV/EBIT. El trabajo se divide en dos partes: En primer lugar, con el objetivo de analizar los múltiplos seleccionados, se recopilan datos históricos de los diferentes sectores estadounidenses desde el año 2000 hasta el 2019. Así, se analiza la evolución de los valores de dichos ratios con el fin de obtener conclusiones significativas. En segundo lugar, una vez explicados los ratios y analizada la evolución de las diferentes industrias seleccionadas tras la transformación de la muestra inicial, se proponen tres estrategias de inversión por cada múltiplo. El objetivo es determinar los posibles resultados que los inversores habrían obtenido en el periodo considerado si el posicionamiento de los recursos monetarios se efectuara a un año vista y el único criterio para llevar a cabo la inversión y monitorizar los resultados obtenidos fuera un múltiplo financiero. Las estrategias son las siguientes: inversión en aquellos sectores con menores valores del ratio utilizado; inversión en aquellos sectores con múltiplos más elevados y, por último, la estrategia más diversificada, que consiste en abrir posiciones en todos los sectores de la muestra. Para las transformaciones que se realizan en las muestras y la aplicación de técnicas estadísticas y representaciones gráficas se ha utilizado el lenguaje de programación mediante scripts R., [EN] The relative stock valuation method is based on the application of financial multiples. This paper studies four of the most commonly used multiples in the creation of equity portfolios: price multiples such as the current PER and the trailing PER, which use different net earnings per share in the denominator, and enterprise value multiples such as EV/EBITDA and EV/EBIT. The paper is divided into two parts: First, in order to analyze the selected multiples, historical data is collected for the different US sectors from 2000 to 2019. Thus, the evolution of the values of these ratios is analyzed in order to obtain significant conclusions. Secondly, once the ratios have been explained and the evolution of the different industries selected after the transformation of the initial sample has been analyzed, three investment strategies are proposed for each multiple. The objective is to determine the possible results that investors would have obtained in the period considered if the positioning of monetary resources were carried out one year ahead and the only criterion for carrying out the investment and monitoring the results obtained was a financial multiple. The strategies are as follows: investment in those sectors with lower values of the ratio used; investment in those sectors with higher multiples and, finally, the most diversified strategy, which consists of opening positions in all the sectors in the sample. The R scripting language was used for the sample transformations and the application of statistical techniques and graphical representations.

In this research, Dutch phoneme recognition (PR) is researched and improved. The last research on Dutch PR dates back to 1995. This research presents Dutch PR in modern daylight by researching state-of-the-art techniques found in research on other languages and implementing them on Dutch PR. The goal of this research is to find the current best architectures for Dutch phoneme recognition, analyse how those architectures perform on different speaking styles, and analyse the errors of the phonemes. To achieve these goals, four state-of-the-art Neural Network architectures (BLSTM, OPGRU, TDNN-BLSTM, and TDNN-OPGRU) are built and trained on a Dutch dataset containing 15 different speaking styles. Then, the trained architectures are used for three experiments. The first experiment tests the architectures on a 15-speaking style containing the same 15 speaking styles as the training set. The results of that training set are used to calculate the phoneme error rate (PER), analyse the errors, and identify error-prone phonemes. The second and third experiments follow the same methodology on the same-trained architectures, however, are tested on a clear speaking style test set and a spontaneous speaking style test set. The results are used to analyse and compare the performances of the models on different speaking styles. This research shows that the BLSTM and OPGRU are a poor choice for Dutch PR, as the results show relatively high PERs for these two architectures. The hybrid acoustic models TDNN-BLSTM and TDNN-OPGRU show to be good models for Dutch PR, as they gain low PERs. The results in this research set a new benchmark for Dutch PR, as the TDNN-BLSTM and TDNN-OPGRU show the lowest recognition accuracy found in existing Dutch PR literacy. Additionally, this research shows that recognising Dutch clear speech is less complex than recognising Dutch spontaneous speech, which is in line with existing word- and phoneme recognition research on other languages. Besides that, Conducted in name of Cognizant Benelux, Computer Science

Infants whose mothers experience greater psychosocial stress and environmental chemical exposures during pregnancy may face greater rates of preterm birth, lower birth weight, and impaired neurodevelopment. ECHO.CA.IL is composed of two cohorts, Chemicals in Our Bodies (CIOB; n = 822 pregnant women and n = 286 infants) and Illinois Kids Development Study (IKIDS; n = 565 mother-infant pairs), which recruit pregnant women from San Francisco, CA and Urbana-Champaign, IL, respectively. We examined associations between demographic characteristics and gestational age, birth weight z-scores, and cognition at 7.5 months across these two cohorts using linear models. We also examined differences in biomarkers of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), measured in second-trimester serum, and psychosocial stressors by cohort and participant demographics. To date, these cohorts have recruited over 1300 pregnant women combined. IKIDS has mothers who are majority white (80%), whereas CIOB mothers are racially and ethnically diverse (38% white, 34% Hispanic, 17% Asian/Pacific Islander). Compared to CIOB, median levels of PFOS, a specific PFAS congener, are higher in IKIDS (2.45 ng/mL versus 1.94 ng/mL), while psychosocial stressors are higher among CIOB. Across both cohorts, women who were non-white and single had lower birth weight z-scores relative to white women and married women, respectively. Demographic characteristics are not associated with cognitive outcomes at 7.5 months. This profile of the ECHO.CA.IL cohort found that mothers and their infants who vary in terms of socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and geographic location are similar in many of our measures of exposures and cognitive outcomes. Similar to past work, we found that non-white and single women had lower birth weight infants than white and married women. We also found differences in levels of PFOS and psychosocial stressors based on geographic location.

In this research, Dutch phoneme recognition (PR) is researched and improved. The last research on Dutch PR dates back to 1995. This research presents Dutch PR in modern daylight by researching state-of-the-art techniques found in research on other languages and implementing them on Dutch PR. The goal of this research is to find the current best architectures for Dutch phoneme recognition, analyse how those architectures perform on different speaking styles, and analyse the errors of the phonemes. To achieve these goals, four state-of-the-art Neural Network architectures (BLSTM, OPGRU, TDNN-BLSTM, and TDNN-OPGRU) are built and trained on a Dutch dataset containing 15 different speaking styles. Then, the trained architectures are used for three experiments. The first experiment tests the architectures on a 15-speaking style containing the same 15 speaking styles as the training set. The results of that training set are used to calculate the phoneme error rate (PER), analyse the errors, and identify error-prone phonemes. The second and third experiments follow the same methodology on the same-trained architectures, however, are tested on a clear speaking style test set and a spontaneous speaking style test set. The results are used to analyse and compare the performances of the models on different speaking styles. This research shows that the BLSTM and OPGRU are a poor choice for Dutch PR, as the results show relatively high PERs for these two architectures. The hybrid acoustic models TDNN-BLSTM and TDNN-OPGRU show to be good models for Dutch PR, as they gain low PERs. The results in this research set a new benchmark for Dutch PR, as the TDNN-BLSTM and TDNN-OPGRU show the lowest recognition accuracy found in existing Dutch PR literacy. Additionally, this research shows that recognising Dutch clear speech is less complex than recognising Dutch spontaneous speech, which is in line with existing word- and phoneme recognition research on other languages. Besides that, Conducted in name of Cognizant Benelux, Computer Science

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado expone diferentes métodos de valoración que son empleados dentro del análisis de empresas cotizadas. A través de la técnica de valoración se obtiene una estimación del valor intrínseco de la empresa, el cual engloba todos los elementos, tanto tangibles como intangibles, que la componen. El valor intrínseco es un valor subjetivo, a diferencia del valor de mercado, que es un valor objetivo y viene proporcionado a través del mercado bursátil, como cotización o precio de una acción. En la mayoría de ocasiones existen diferencias entre el valor intrínseco y el valor de mercado de una empresa, lo que genera oportunidades a los agentes económicos de compra, venta, adquisición, liquidación, etc. Tras haber descrito y desarrollado los métodos de valoración seleccionados, se ha realizado una valoración para una muestra de empresas del sector de la energía y del petróleo en España. Posteriormente, analizando los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que es recomendable el uso de varios métodos de valoración para obtener el valor intrínseco, debido a que cada uno de ellos proporciona una información específica y valiosa sobre la empresa, This Bachelor’s Degree project shows the different business valuation methods that take part in the process of analyzing listed companies. With this process, we can work out a rough estimation on the company’s intrinsic value, that covers both tangible and intangible assets of said company. The intrinsic value of a business is subjective and not very exact, unlike the market value which is showed in the stock market as share prices and is objective. Normally, we can differentiate the intrinsic value from the market value so economic entities or interested third parties can invest, buy or sell. After breaking down the valuation methods, a number of Spanish businesses in the industrial sector (oil and energy) have been analyzed with these methods. After examining the outcome, we can infer that it is preferable to use a variety of valuation methods to calculate the intrinsic value since it provides us with specific information about the business., Departamento de Economía Financiera y Contabilidad, Grado en Finanzas, Banca y Seguros

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado expone diferentes métodos de valoración que son empleados dentro del análisis de empresas cotizadas. A través de la técnica de valoración se obtiene una estimación del valor intrínseco de la empresa, el cual engloba todos los elementos, tanto tangibles como intangibles, que la componen. El valor intrínseco es un valor subjetivo, a diferencia del valor de mercado, que es un valor objetivo y viene proporcionado a través del mercado bursátil, como cotización o precio de una acción. En la mayoría de ocasiones existen diferencias entre el valor intrínseco y el valor de mercado de una empresa, lo que genera oportunidades a los agentes económicos de compra, venta, adquisición, liquidación, etc. Tras haber descrito y desarrollado los métodos de valoración seleccionados, se ha realizado una valoración para una muestra de empresas del sector de la energía y del petróleo en España. Posteriormente, analizando los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que es recomendable el uso de varios métodos de valoración para obtener el valor intrínseco, debido a que cada uno de ellos proporciona una información específica y valiosa sobre la empresa, This Bachelor’s Degree project shows the different business valuation methods that take part in the process of analyzing listed companies. With this process, we can work out a rough estimation on the company’s intrinsic value, that covers both tangible and intangible assets of said company. The intrinsic value of a business is subjective and not very exact, unlike the market value which is showed in the stock market as share prices and is objective. Normally, we can differentiate the intrinsic value from the market value so economic entities or interested third parties can invest, buy or sell. After breaking down the valuation methods, a number of Spanish businesses in the industrial sector (oil and energy) have been analyzed with these methods. After examining the outcome, we can infer that it is preferable to use a variety of valuation methods to calculate the intrinsic value since it provides us with specific information about the business., Departamento de Economía Financiera y Contabilidad, Grado en Finanzas, Banca y Seguros

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado expone diferentes métodos de valoración que son empleados dentro del análisis de empresas cotizadas. A través de la técnica de valoración se obtiene una estimación del valor intrínseco de la empresa, el cual engloba todos los elementos, tanto tangibles como intangibles, que la componen. El valor intrínseco es un valor subjetivo, a diferencia del valor de mercado, que es un valor objetivo y viene proporcionado a través del mercado bursátil, como cotización o precio de una acción. En la mayoría de ocasiones existen diferencias entre el valor intrínseco y el valor de mercado de una empresa, lo que genera oportunidades a los agentes económicos de compra, venta, adquisición, liquidación, etc. Tras haber descrito y desarrollado los métodos de valoración seleccionados, se ha realizado una valoración para una muestra de empresas del sector de la energía y del petróleo en España. Posteriormente, analizando los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que es recomendable el uso de varios métodos de valoración para obtener el valor intrínseco, debido a que cada uno de ellos proporciona una información específica y valiosa sobre la empresa, This Bachelor’s Degree project shows the different business valuation methods that take part in the process of analyzing listed companies. With this process, we can work out a rough estimation on the company’s intrinsic value, that covers both tangible and intangible assets of said company. The intrinsic value of a business is subjective and not very exact, unlike the market value which is showed in the stock market as share prices and is objective. Normally, we can differentiate the intrinsic value from the market value so economic entities or interested third parties can invest, buy or sell. After breaking down the valuation methods, a number of Spanish businesses in the industrial sector (oil and energy) have been analyzed with these methods. After examining the outcome, we can infer that it is preferable to use a variety of valuation methods to calculate the intrinsic value since it provides us with specific information about the business., Departamento de Economía Financiera y Contabilidad, Grado en Finanzas, Banca y Seguros

This paper deals with the study of coexistence between LoRa and Wi-Fi systems in the non-licensed 2.4 GHz RF bands. An appropriate laboratory measurement workplace is realized to measure the performance of LoRa on physical (PHY) layer level in terms of packet error ratio (PER). The functionality of the proposed concept is verified by a set of experimental measurements, where different coexistence scenarios are considered.

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado expone diferentes métodos de valoración que son empleados dentro del análisis de empresas cotizadas. A través de la técnica de valoración se obtiene una estimación del valor intrínseco de la empresa, el cual engloba todos los elementos, tanto tangibles como intangibles, que la componen. El valor intrínseco es un valor subjetivo, a diferencia del valor de mercado, que es un valor objetivo y viene proporcionado a través del mercado bursátil, como cotización o precio de una acción. En la mayoría de ocasiones existen diferencias entre el valor intrínseco y el valor de mercado de una empresa, lo que genera oportunidades a los agentes económicos de compra, venta, adquisición, liquidación, etc. Tras haber descrito y desarrollado los métodos de valoración seleccionados, se ha realizado una valoración para una muestra de empresas del sector de la energía y del petróleo en España. Posteriormente, analizando los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que es recomendable el uso de varios métodos de valoración para obtener el valor intrínseco, debido a que cada uno de ellos proporciona una información específica y valiosa sobre la empresa, This Bachelor’s Degree project shows the different business valuation methods that take part in the process of analyzing listed companies. With this process, we can work out a rough estimation on the company’s intrinsic value, that covers both tangible and intangible assets of said company. The intrinsic value of a business is subjective and not very exact, unlike the market value which is showed in the stock market as share prices and is objective. Normally, we can differentiate the intrinsic value from the market value so economic entities or interested third parties can invest, buy or sell. After breaking down the valuation methods, a number of Spanish businesses in the industrial sector (oil and energy) have been analyzed with these methods. After examining the outcome, we can infer that it is preferable to use a variety of valuation methods to calculate the intrinsic value since it provides us with specific information about the business., Departamento de Economía Financiera y Contabilidad, Grado en Finanzas, Banca y Seguros

This paper deals with the study of coexistence between LoRa and Wi-Fi systems in the non-licensed 2.4 GHz RF bands. An appropriate laboratory measurement workplace is realized to measure the performance of LoRa on physical (PHY) layer level in terms of packet error ratio (PER). The functionality of the proposed concept is verified by a set of experimental measurements, where different coexistence scenarios are considered.

This paper deals with the study of coexistence between LoRa and Wi-Fi systems in the non-licensed 2.4 GHz RF bands. An appropriate laboratory measurement workplace is realized to measure the performance of LoRa on physical (PHY) layer level in terms of packet error ratio (PER). The functionality of the proposed concept is verified by a set of experimental measurements, where different coexistence scenarios are considered.

This paper deals with the study of coexistence between LoRa and Wi-Fi systems in the non-licensed 2.4 GHz RF bands. An appropriate laboratory measurement workplace is realized to measure the performance of LoRa on physical (PHY) layer level in terms of packet error ratio (PER). The functionality of the proposed concept is verified by a set of experimental measurements, where different coexistence scenarios are considered.

This paper deals with the study of coexistence between LoRa and Wi-Fi systems in the non-licensed 2.4 GHz RF bands. An appropriate laboratory measurement workplace is realized to measure the performance of LoRa on physical (PHY) layer level in terms of packet error ratio (PER). The functionality of the proposed concept is verified by a set of experimental measurements, where different coexistence scenarios are considered.

This article examines the tension within the cultural politics of difference and Peruvian regional cinema. It discusses Peruvian regional cinema in terms of the conflict arising from the representation of diversity and multiple identities beyond the political and economic center in Lima and concludes with an analysis of La casa rosada (Palito Ortega Matute, 2017) and Wiñaypacha (Oscar Catacora, 2017) as emblematic films which disrupt stereotypes about Peruvian regional cinema, O trabalho discute o cinema regional peruano enquanto lugar de tensionamento de políticas culturais da diferença. Para isso, traça uma caracterização deste tipo de cinema e como ele interpela as múltiplas identidades e a diversidade do Peru para além de Lima, região de poder político-econômico. Os filmes La casa rosada (Palito Ortega Matute, 2017) e Wiñaypacha (Oscar Catacora, 2017) são analisados enquanto obras cinematográficas emblemáticas do cinema regional e enquanto ruptura de estereótipos sobre o fazer cinema proveniente das demais regiões do Peru., Este trabajo discute el cine regional peruano como un lugar de tensionamiento de políticas culturales de la diferencia, presentando una caracterización de este tipo de cine y de cómo tensiona las múltiples identidades y la diversidad del Perú más allá de Lima, la región del poder político-econômico. Se analizan las películas La casa rosada (Palito Ortega Matute, 2017) y Wiñaypacha (Oscar Catacora, 2017) como obras cinematográficas emblemáticas del cine regional que presentan rupturas con los estereotipos sobre cómo hacer cine desde otras regiones del Perú.

[EUS] Hezkuntza komunitatea etengabeko garapenean dabilen bitartean aldaketa gutxi ikus ditzakegu egungo ikasgeletan. Garapen horri ekarpen txiki bat egin asmoz garatu da Gradu Amaierako Lan honetan Batxilergoko lehenengo mailan indarrak eta dinamika lantzeko proposamen didaktikoa. Horretarako, zientzien irakaskuntza komunitatean onespen zabalena duen metodologia erabili da, hain zuzen ere Ikerkuntzan Oinarritutako Diseinua (Design-Based Research, DBR). Konstruktibismoaren printzipioak bere egiten dituen metodologia hau hainbat fase ezberdinez osatzen da eta etengabeko iterazioetan duenez bere funtsa, oztopoen aurrean moldatzen da eta edozein ekarpenen aurrean, eraberritzen. Beraz, lehenik zientziaren irakaskuntzari buruz ikertu dena aztertuko dugu. Ondoren, indarrei eta dinamikari buruz fisikak diona begiratuko dugu, azkenik egindako analisia metodo egokiarekin uztartu eta ikasgeletan aplikagarria izango den jardueren sekuentzia bat eraikitzeraino., [EN] While the education community is in constant development, we can see little change in everyday classrooms. In order to make a contribution to science education, we will develop a didactical proposal to teach forces and dynamics in high school. To do that, we will use the most widely accepted methodology in science education and Physics Education Research (PER): Research-Based Design (DBR). This method is based on the principles of constructivism and is made up by some iterative phases. That non-stop iteration makes possible to evaluate and rebuild the Design whenever is needed. Then, first of all we will observe what has been researched in science education. After that, we will learn about what physics tells us about forces and dynamics and last but not least, we will combine the analysis we have talked about with an appropriate methodology to build a problem sequence that it will be applicable in class.

[EUS] Hezkuntza komunitatea etengabeko garapenean dabilen bitartean aldaketa gutxi ikus ditzakegu egungo ikasgeletan. Garapen horri ekarpen txiki bat egin asmoz garatu da Gradu Amaierako Lan honetan Batxilergoko lehenengo mailan indarrak eta dinamika lantzeko proposamen didaktikoa. Horretarako, zientzien irakaskuntza komunitatean onespen zabalena duen metodologia erabili da, hain zuzen ere Ikerkuntzan Oinarritutako Diseinua (Design-Based Research, DBR). Konstruktibismoaren printzipioak bere egiten dituen metodologia hau hainbat fase ezberdinez osatzen da eta etengabeko iterazioetan duenez bere funtsa, oztopoen aurrean moldatzen da eta edozein ekarpenen aurrean, eraberritzen. Beraz, lehenik zientziaren irakaskuntzari buruz ikertu dena aztertuko dugu. Ondoren, indarrei eta dinamikari buruz fisikak diona begiratuko dugu, azkenik egindako analisia metodo egokiarekin uztartu eta ikasgeletan aplikagarria izango den jardueren sekuentzia bat eraikitzeraino., [EN] While the education community is in constant development, we can see little change in everyday classrooms. In order to make a contribution to science education, we will develop a didactical proposal to teach forces and dynamics in high school. To do that, we will use the most widely accepted methodology in science education and Physics Education Research (PER): Research-Based Design (DBR). This method is based on the principles of constructivism and is made up by some iterative phases. That non-stop iteration makes possible to evaluate and rebuild the Design whenever is needed. Then, first of all we will observe what has been researched in science education. After that, we will learn about what physics tells us about forces and dynamics and last but not least, we will combine the analysis we have talked about with an appropriate methodology to build a problem sequence that it will be applicable in class.

[EUS] Hezkuntza komunitatea etengabeko garapenean dabilen bitartean aldaketa gutxi ikus ditzakegu egungo ikasgeletan. Garapen horri ekarpen txiki bat egin asmoz garatu da Gradu Amaierako Lan honetan Batxilergoko lehenengo mailan indarrak eta dinamika lantzeko proposamen didaktikoa. Horretarako, zientzien irakaskuntza komunitatean onespen zabalena duen metodologia erabili da, hain zuzen ere Ikerkuntzan Oinarritutako Diseinua (Design-Based Research, DBR). Konstruktibismoaren printzipioak bere egiten dituen metodologia hau hainbat fase ezberdinez osatzen da eta etengabeko iterazioetan duenez bere funtsa, oztopoen aurrean moldatzen da eta edozein ekarpenen aurrean, eraberritzen. Beraz, lehenik zientziaren irakaskuntzari buruz ikertu dena aztertuko dugu. Ondoren, indarrei eta dinamikari buruz fisikak diona begiratuko dugu, azkenik egindako analisia metodo egokiarekin uztartu eta ikasgeletan aplikagarria izango den jardueren sekuentzia bat eraikitzeraino., [EN] While the education community is in constant development, we can see little change in everyday classrooms. In order to make a contribution to science education, we will develop a didactical proposal to teach forces and dynamics in high school. To do that, we will use the most widely accepted methodology in science education and Physics Education Research (PER): Research-Based Design (DBR). This method is based on the principles of constructivism and is made up by some iterative phases. That non-stop iteration makes possible to evaluate and rebuild the Design whenever is needed. Then, first of all we will observe what has been researched in science education. After that, we will learn about what physics tells us about forces and dynamics and last but not least, we will combine the analysis we have talked about with an appropriate methodology to build a problem sequence that it will be applicable in class.

open, Confiscation is an institution that is always at the center of heated jurisprudential and doctrinal debates. Next to the confiscation model provided as a safety measure, over the years the legislator has provided various special assumptions to counter the different criminal phenomena, in view of the inadequacy of the classical model. Those repeated regulatory interventions - which have led to the introduction of measures that take on the nature of authentic penalties (including confiscation for equivalent), thanks to the interpretation given by the European Courts – have however created a confusing and disjointed picture, which has brought the case-law itself to overlap different ablatorie measures in many areas in the interpretation stage, often losing sight of the reference to the main constitutional principles, in the name of a repressive, while understandable, efficiency. The present work has the objective of analyzing the main forms of confiscation under the italian legal system in relation to the different legal nature of detention or punishment, in order to highlight the practical problems arising from the legal classification of ablative measures equity, also based on the guidelines given by the European Courts, (truth be told) not always followed by national law. We will focus in particular on the analysis of the relationship between direct seizure and confiscation for equivalent, taking note of the problems which arise from the tendency of the national case law, especially in the context of tax rules, to overlay two institutions different in nature and in assumptions applications. In particular, we will discuss how the most recent case-law, in order to allow a wider application of confiscation in cases where the object is represented by sums of money, relies on the measurement of direct confiscation, without “bothering” the sanction of confiscation for the equivalent. In view with this critical situation on confiscation, the only solution seems to be a com, La confisca è da sempre un istituto al centro di accesi dibattiti giurisprudenziali e dottrinali. Accanto al modello di confisca prevista come misura di sicurezza, il legislatore nel corso degli anni, ha previsto varie ipotesi speciali per contrastare, a fronte dell’inadeguatezza del modello classico, i diversi fenomeni criminali. Tali ripetuti interventi normativi – che hanno portato all’introduzione di misure che, anche alla luce dell’interpretazione fornita dalle Corti europee, assumono la natura di vere e proprie sanzioni penali (in particolare la confisca per equivalente) – hanno però creato un quadro confuso e disarticolato, il quale ha portato la stessa giurisprudenza, in sede di interpretazione, a sovrapporre in molti ambiti misure ablatorie diverse, perdendo molto spesso di vista, in nome di una pur comprensibile efficienza repressiva, il riferimento ai principali parametri costituzionali. Il presente lavoro si pone l’obbiettivo di analizzare le principali forme di confisca previste nel nostro ordinamento in relazione alla diversa natura giuridica di misura di sicurezza o di sanzione, al fine di mettere in luce i problemi applicativi che derivano dalla qualificazione giuridica delle misure ablative patrimoniali, anche con riferimento alle indicazioni provenienti dalle Corti europee, a dire il vero non sempre seguite dalla giurisprudenza nazionale. Ci si concentrerà in particolare sull’analisi dei rapporti tra confisca diretta e confisca per equivalente, dando atto dei problemi che derivano dalla tendenza della giurisprudenza nazionale, soprattutto nell’ambito dei reati tributari, a sovrapporre due istituti fra loro assai diversi per natura e presupposti applicativi. In particolare si illustrerà come la giurisprudenza più recente, al fine di consentire una ampia applicazione della confisca nei casi in cui l’oggetto sia rappresentato da somme di denaro, invochi la misura della confisca diretta, senza che sia necessario “scomodare” la sanzione della confisca p, No, open, Salamone, G, Salamone, G

Despite numerous biomechanical and clinical studies on ankle fractures, the optimal treatment method for a stable fibula fracture is poorly known. Additionally, the clinical relevance and optimal fixation method of syndesmosis injury for different ankle fracture types is unclear. This thesis aimed: (I) to compare six weeks of cast immobilization with three weeks of immobilization (cast or orthosis) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 247 patients with stable Weber B-type fibular fracture; (II) to compare mid-term outcome of syndesmosis transfixation with no fixation in an RCT of 24 patients with supination external rotation (SER) ankle fractures and syndesmosis injury; (III) to evaluate the significance of the syndesmosis injury on clinical outcome in a case-control study of 48 patients with SER ankle fractures; and (IV) to compare the syndesmosis fixation with a screw versus a suture-button device in terms of the accuracy and the maintenance of syndesmosis reduction in an RCT of 43 patients with pronation external rotation (PER) ankle fractures. Three weeks of immobilization in either a cast or an orthosis resulted in non-inferior outcomes compared to traditional six weeks’ immobilization in patients with stable Weber B-type fibula fracture. In patients with SER ankle fracture and unstable syndesmosis after fixation of bone fractures, leaving unstable syndesmosis unfixed resulted in similar outcomes compared to syndesmosis transfixation at mid-term follow-up. Patients with SER ankle fractures with or without an associated syndesmosis injury had similar clinical outcomes after a minimum of four years of follow-up. The syndesmotic screw and the suture-button fixation in patients with PER ankle fracture and unstable syndesmosis resulted in a low malreduction rate and both methods maintained reduction well. In conclusion, stable Weber B-type fibula fractures can safely be treated with only three weeks of cast immobilization or even with a simple orthosis., Tiivistelmä Stabiilin nilkkamurtuman konservatiivisen hoidon toteutuksesta on hyvälaatuista tutkimustietoa tarjolla niukasti. Syndesmoosivamman kliininen merkitys ja sen hoitomenetelmät eri nilkkamurtumatyypeissä ovat kirjallisuuden perusteella vielä osittain epäselvät. Ensimmäisessä osatyössä vertailtiin kolmen viikon immobilisaatiota (kipsi tai ortoosi) perinteiseen kuuden viikon kipsihoitoon satunnaistetussa ja kontrolloidussa tutkimuksessa, joka käsitti 247 stabiilin Weber B-tyypin pohjeluun murtuman saanutta potilasta. Toisessa osatyössä vertailtiin syndesmoosin ruuvikiinnitystä kiinnittämättä jättämiseen satunnaistetussa ja kontrolloidussa tutkimuksessa, johon osallistui 24 SER (supinaatio-ulkorotaatio) -tyypin nilkkamurtumapotilasta, joilla todettiin syndesmoosin epävakaus leikkauksen aikaisessa rasituskokeessa. Kolmannessa osatyössä selvitettiin syndesmoosivamman kliinistä merkitystä SER-tyypin nilkkamurtumapotilailla tapaus-verrokki-asetelmassa. Neljännessä osatyössä vertailtiin syndesmoosin ruuvi- ja jännitelankakiinnitystä syndesmoosin kiinnitystarkkuuden ja kiinnityksen pysyvyyden suhteen satunnaistetussa ja kontrolloidussa tutkimuksessa, joka käsitti 43 PER (pronaatio-ulkorotaatio) -tyypin nilkkamurtuman saanutta potilasta. Stabiilin Weber B-tyypin pohjeluun murtuman hoidossa kolmen viikon immobilisaatio joko kipsillä tai ortoosilla oli yhtä hyvä ja turvallinen kuin perinteinen kuuden viikon kipsihoito. Syndesmoosin ruuvikiinnitettyjen ja kiinnittämättä jätettyjen SER-tyypin nilkkamurtumapotilaiden hoitotuloksissa ei todettu merkittäviä eroja keskipitkän aikavälin seurannassa. Syndesmoosivammalla ei todettu merkitystä SER-tyypin nilkkamurtuma-potilaiden hoitotulokseen tai ennusteeseen vähintään neljän vuoden seurannan jälkeen. Syndesmoosin reduktion suhteen ruuvi- ja jännitelankakiinnityksellä saadaan yhtä hyvät varhaisvaiheen tulokset PER-tyypin nilkkamurtumapotilailla ja molemmat kiinnitysmenetelmät säilyttävät syndesmoosin reduktion hyvin. Stabiilin

La confisca è da sempre un istituto al centro di accesi dibattiti giurisprudenziali e dottrinali. Accanto al modello di confisca prevista come misura di sicurezza, il legislatore nel corso degli anni, ha previsto varie ipotesi speciali per contrastare, a fronte dell’inadeguatezza del modello classico, i diversi fenomeni criminali. Tali ripetuti interventi normativi – che hanno portato all’introduzione di misure che, anche alla luce dell’interpretazione fornita dalle Corti europee, assumono la natura di vere e proprie sanzioni penali (in particolare la confisca per equivalente) – hanno però creato un quadro confuso e disarticolato, il quale ha portato la stessa giurisprudenza, in sede di interpretazione, a sovrapporre in molti ambiti misure ablatorie diverse, perdendo molto spesso di vista, in nome di una pur comprensibile efficienza repressiva, il riferimento ai principali parametri costituzionali. Il presente lavoro si pone l’obbiettivo di analizzare le principali forme di confisca previste nel nostro ordinamento in relazione alla diversa natura giuridica di misura di sicurezza o di sanzione, al fine di mettere in luce i problemi applicativi che derivano dalla qualificazione giuridica delle misure ablative patrimoniali, anche con riferimento alle indicazioni provenienti dalle Corti europee, a dire il vero non sempre seguite dalla giurisprudenza nazionale. Ci si concentrerà in particolare sull’analisi dei rapporti tra confisca diretta e confisca per equivalente, dando atto dei problemi che derivano dalla tendenza della giurisprudenza nazionale, soprattutto nell’ambito dei reati tributari, a sovrapporre due istituti fra loro assai diversi per natura e presupposti applicativi. In particolare si illustrerà come la giurisprudenza più recente, al fine di consentire una ampia applicazione della confisca nei casi in cui l’oggetto sia rappresentato da somme di denaro, invochi la misura della confisca diretta, senza che sia necessario “scomodare” la sanzione della confi, Confiscation is an institution that is always at the center of heated jurisprudential and doctrinal debates. Next to the confiscation model provided as a safety measure, over the years the legislator has provided various special assumptions to counter the different criminal phenomena, in view of the inadequacy of the classical model. Those repeated regulatory interventions - which have led to the introduction of measures that take on the nature of authentic penalties (including confiscation for equivalent), thanks to the interpretation given by the European Courts – have however created a confusing and disjointed picture, which has brought the case-law itself to overlap different ablatorie measures in many areas in the interpretation stage, often losing sight of the reference to the main constitutional principles, in the name of a repressive, while understandable, efficiency. The present work has the objective of analyzing the main forms of confiscation under the italian legal system in relation to the different legal nature of detention or punishment, in order to highlight the practical problems arising from the legal classification of ablative measures equity, also based on the guidelines given by the European Courts, (truth be told) not always followed by national law. We will focus in particular on the analysis of the relationship between direct seizure and confiscation for equivalent, taking note of the problems which arise from the tendency of the national case law, especially in the context of tax rules, to overlay two institutions different in nature and in assumptions applications. In particular, we will discuss how the most recent case-law, in order to allow a wider application of confiscation in cases where the object is represented by sums of money, relies on the measurement of direct confiscation, without “bothering” the sanction of confiscation for the equivalent. In view with this critical situation on confiscation, the only solution seems to be a com

SMART (Smarta system och tjänster för ett effektivt och innovativt samhälle)

The importance of dietary salt may explain why bees are often observed collecting brackish water, a habit that may expose them to harmful xenobiotics. However, the individual salt preferences of water-collecting bees were not known. We measured the proboscis extension reflex (PER) response of Apis mellifera water foragers to 0-10% w/w solutions of Na, Mg and K, ions that provide essential nutrients. We also tested phosphate, which can deter foraging. Bees exhibited significant preferences, with the most PER responses for 1.5-3% Na and 1.5% Mg. However, K and phosphate were largely aversive and elicited PER responses only for the lowest concentrations, suggesting a way to deter bees from visiting contaminated water. We then analyzed the salt content of water sources that bees collected in urban and semi-urban environments. Bees collected water with a wide range of salt concentrations, but most collected water sources had relatively low salt concentrations, with the exception of seawater and swimming pools, which had >0.6% Na. The high levels of PER responsiveness elicited by 1.5-3% Na may explain why bees are willing to collect such salty water. Interestingly, bees exhibited high individual variation in salt preferences: individual identity accounted for 32% of variation in PER responses. Salt specialization may therefore occur in water foragers.

Peroxisomes proliferate by growth and division of pre-existing peroxisomes or could arise de novo. Though the de novo pathway of peroxisome biogenesis is a more recent discovery, several studies have highlighted key mechanistic details of the pathway. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary source of lipids and proteins for the newly-formed peroxisomes. More recently, an intricate sorting process functioning at the ER has been proposed, that segregates specific PMPs first to peroxisome-specific ER domains (pER) and then assembles PMPs selectively into distinct pre-peroxisomal vesicles (ppVs) that later fuse to form import-competent peroxisomes. In addition, plausible roles of the three key peroxins Pex3, Pex16 and Pex19, which are also central to the growth and division pathway, have been suggested in the de novo process. In this review, we discuss key developments and highlight the unexplored avenues in de novo peroxisome biogenesis.

Denna studie har undersökt möjligheten att implementera ett trådlöst kommunikationssystem i en ugnsmiljö. Den trådlösa kommunikationstekniken som har använts är av standarden IEEE 802.15.4. För denna undersökning har ett trådlöst mätsystem för temperatur konstruerats. För att hålla nere temperaturen på detta mätsystem har kapslingsmaterialen keramik och glasull använts. Resultatet av mätningarna visar att kvalitén på radiokommunikationen kan förväntas vara god för de testade förhållande med kapsling och en temperatur upp till 200 grader. För de testade förhållandena i ugnsmiljön visar mätresultat att positionering är av större betydelse än värmeutvecklingen och kapslingen., This study has explored the possibility to implement a wireless communication system in an ovenenvironment. For this exploration a wireless measurement system for temperature have beenconstructed. The technology of use is a radio communication system with the standard IEEE 802.15.4. The high temperature in the oven environment is kept down at the electronic by using anenclosure. The enclosure material that have been examined is a ceramic layer and a fibreglasslayer. The result of this study shows that the quality of the radio communication for the tested enclosureis expected to be good for temperatures up to 200 degrees. For the test cases the relation betweenthe radio module’s positioning is more important than the increase of temperature and the use ofan enclosure.

This thesis presents an experimental approach on how to evaluate the correlation between different force based road grip sensors. Road grip sensors are commonly used to evaluate road safety conditions, eliminating uncertainty for road maintenance. Today, different technologies have been developed to measure the interactions between tire and road to generate a friction value that describes the amount of grip a tire has on the measured surface. Different systems generates different friction values, thus depending on the measurement system, the road maintenance requirement specifications varies. A correlation between the systems is therefore important to enable specification translations for nations in the Nordic region. The Norwegian Public Road Administration, NPRA has three types of systems that use the technology of longitudinal slip to measure the friction value, with a pulse braking measurement tire.While Luleå University of Technology has a different system, RT3 Curve, that use the technology of lateral slip, with two toe in set tires causing a slip-angle, forcing the measurement tires to slide continuously. Tests were executed in Røros, Norway for two days during winter conditions. The objectives were to investigate if there was any correlation between the systems and the main depending factors. The results showed that on compact snow and sand covered roads the NPRA systems measured approximately 70 % of the RT3's measured value.A linear regression showed that 77 % of the NPRA systems variations can be explained by the variations of the RT3 system.The main depending factors are the different measurement tires and the sample-rates. Future studies are necessary to cover more different road surfaces., Validerat; 20160612 (global_studentproject_submitter)

Peroxisomes proliferate by growth and division of pre-existing peroxisomes or could arise de novo. Though the de novo pathway of peroxisome biogenesis is a more recent discovery, several studies have highlighted key mechanistic details of the pathway. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary source of lipids and proteins for the newly-formed peroxisomes. More recently, an intricate sorting process functioning at the ER has been proposed, that segregates specific PMPs first to peroxisome-specific ER domains (pER) and then assembles PMPs selectively into distinct pre-peroxisomal vesicles (ppVs) that later fuse to form import-competent peroxisomes. In addition, plausible roles of the three key peroxins Pex3, Pex16 and Pex19, which are also central to the growth and division pathway, have been suggested in the de novo process. In this review, we discuss key developments and highlight the unexplored avenues in de novo peroxisome biogenesis.

The importance of dietary salt may explain why bees are often observed collecting brackish water, a habit that may expose them to harmful xenobiotics. However, the individual salt preferences of water-collecting bees were not known. We measured the proboscis extension reflex (PER) response of Apis mellifera water foragers to 0-10% w/w solutions of Na, Mg and K, ions that provide essential nutrients. We also tested phosphate, which can deter foraging. Bees exhibited significant preferences, with the most PER responses for 1.5-3% Na and 1.5% Mg. However, K and phosphate were largely aversive and elicited PER responses only for the lowest concentrations, suggesting a way to deter bees from visiting contaminated water. We then analyzed the salt content of water sources that bees collected in urban and semi-urban environments. Bees collected water with a wide range of salt concentrations, but most collected water sources had relatively low salt concentrations, with the exception of seawater and swimming pools, which had >0.6% Na. The high levels of PER responsiveness elicited by 1.5-3% Na may explain why bees are willing to collect such salty water. Interestingly, bees exhibited high individual variation in salt preferences: individual identity accounted for 32% of variation in PER responses. Salt specialization may therefore occur in water foragers.

Denna studie har undersökt möjligheten att implementera ett trådlöst kommunikationssystem i en ugnsmiljö. Den trådlösa kommunikationstekniken som har använts är av standarden IEEE 802.15.4. För denna undersökning har ett trådlöst mätsystem för temperatur konstruerats. För att hålla nere temperaturen på detta mätsystem har kapslingsmaterialen keramik och glasull använts. Resultatet av mätningarna visar att kvalitén på radiokommunikationen kan förväntas vara god för de testade förhållande med kapsling och en temperatur upp till 200 grader. För de testade förhållandena i ugnsmiljön visar mätresultat att positionering är av större betydelse än värmeutvecklingen och kapslingen., This study has explored the possibility to implement a wireless communication system in an ovenenvironment. For this exploration a wireless measurement system for temperature have beenconstructed. The technology of use is a radio communication system with the standard IEEE 802.15.4. The high temperature in the oven environment is kept down at the electronic by using anenclosure. The enclosure material that have been examined is a ceramic layer and a fibreglasslayer. The result of this study shows that the quality of the radio communication for the tested enclosureis expected to be good for temperatures up to 200 degrees. For the test cases the relation betweenthe radio module’s positioning is more important than the increase of temperature and the use ofan enclosure.

With the uprising trend of the integration of wireless sensing systems in fields such as health care and industrial processes, where information exchange between power-limited devices is required, lower energy consumption and Quality of Service demands are becoming more stringent. Bluetooth LowEnergy is a promising technology that provides, besides ultra-low energy properties, compatibility with most mobile units. However,apart from power efficiency, opportune and reliable information delivery is mandatory in time-critical applications. In this paper we propose an analytical model of the delay performance of Bluetooth Low Energy for connection-oriented applications under different bit error conditions. In addition to the physical over-the-air latency, we also analyze the effect of the occurrence time of an Application Layer event on the effective transmission delay. We highlight the impact of the device’s processing speed and the timing configuration of the connectionon the final measured latency. Simulation results validate the accuracy of the model for all the analyzed cases., TIMELINESS, SMART (Smarta system och tjänster för ett effektivt och innovativt samhälle)

In this paper, we compare a method for selecting transmission antenna based on road curvature to a method based on periodically alternating between left and right hand side transmission antennas. Both methods aim to improve the success rate for communication between participants in a platoon of vehicles. Moreover, we propose the data age metric for online use as input to the algorithm controlling the inter-vehicle distance in platooning, e.g. to decide appropriate gap between the vehicles depending on the V2V communication quality. The methods have been evaluated through V2V communication measurements performed using heavy duty vehicles on public highway. We show that, when using the curvature-based method, a 150 ms data age deadline is only missed approximately half as often compared to when periodically alternating between left and right hand side transmission antennas. The methods have also been compared for different antenna combinations. © 2015 IEEE, This work has partly been financed by The Swedish government agency for innovation systems (VINNOVA) within the RelCommH project and the KK-Foundation., RelCommH

[ES] El uso del PER como indicador de valor Comparar el PER con empresas del mismo sector Completar el estudio del PER con otros indicadores Comparar PER históricos Los precios no reflejan los componentes transitorios del resultado contable

[ES] El uso del PER como indicador de valor Comparar el PER con empresas del mismo sector Completar el estudio del PER con otros indicadores Comparar PER históricos Los precios no reflejan los componentes transitorios del resultado contable

[ES] El uso del PER como indicador de valor Comparar el PER con empresas del mismo sector Completar el estudio del PER con otros indicadores Comparar PER históricos Los precios no reflejan los componentes transitorios del resultado contable

V této práci jsou stručně popsány základní druhy příjmu digitálního televizního vysílání. Podrobněji je zde přiblížen příjem a zpracování digitálního satelitního televizního vysílání. Popsány jsou zde i základní typy antén a další příslušenství nutné pro příjem televize přes satelit. V praktické části jsou proměřeny dostupné družice pomocí tří offsetových parabol., In this bachelor‘s final project are described basic types of digital video broadcasting. There is a closer look to Spreading, processing and receiving of the digital satellite broadcasting. There are also information about basic types of antennas and other accessories which are necessarily for television reception through satelites. In the practical part, were measured available satelites using three offset parabolas., Ve zpracování, Import 04/11/2015

In this paper, we compare a method for selecting transmission antenna based on road curvature to a method based on periodically alternating between left and right hand side transmission antennas. Both methods aim to improve the success rate for communication between participants in a platoon of vehicles. Moreover, we propose the data age metric for online use as input to the algorithm controlling the inter-vehicle distance in platooning, e.g. to decide appropriate gap between the vehicles depending on the V2V communication quality. The methods have been evaluated through V2V communication measurements performed using heavy duty vehicles on public highway. We show that, when using the curvature-based method, a 150 ms data age deadline is only missed approximately half as often compared to when periodically alternating between left and right hand side transmission antennas. The methods have also been compared for different antenna combinations. © 2015 IEEE, This work has partly been financed by The Swedish government agency for innovation systems (VINNOVA) within the RelCommH project and the KK-Foundation., RelCommH

Se analiza la evolución de precios del mercado de vivienda ecuatoriano de manera agregada, entre enero 2008 y octubre 2014. Se aplicó la relación Precio/Alquiler (PER), la cual mostró que los precios de la vivienda han crecido a mayor tasa que el alquiler, generando una alerta sobre una posible formación de burbuja de precios. Luego, se estimó un modelo econométrico que buscaba explicar el precio a partir de variables fundamentales de oferta y demanda: salario y costos de la construcción, rendimiento de otros activos, tasa de interés en créditos de vivienda y un índice de actividad económica. El modelo mostró que la subida de precios es explicada por los fundamentales en un 93%, con lo cual rechazamos la hipótesis de formación de una burbuja inmobiliaria en el país, en términos agregados.CITACIÓN: Macias Rendón, W., Guzmán Sigüencia, L., & Ramírez Delgado, M. (2015). ¿Existe evidencia de burbuja inmobiliaria en el Ecuador? Podium, 28, 55–68. doi:10.31095/podium.2015.28.4ENLACE DOI: https://doi.org/10.31095/podium.2015.28.4

Housing market prices in the metropolitan Guayaquil were analyzed, using the price-to-earnings ratio (PER) and derived return measures. The PER is interpreted as the number of years it takes to recover the investment in housing, through its annual rent. A sample of 507 houses, distributed in seven geographic areas, was used. The results show that the highest price per square meter is located in Samborondón, but, according to the PER, the most expensive area is the highway Terminal Terminal - Pascuales. The average PER in the city is 11.5, much lower than PER levels observed in economies where the housing bubble phenomenon was present., Se analizaron los precios del mercado de vivienda del Guayaquil metropolitano, mediante el ratio Precio/Alquiler (PER) y medidas de rentabilidad derivadas del mismo. El PER se interpreta como el número de años que se tarda en recuperar la inversión en vivienda, por medio de su alquiler anual. Se utilizó una muestra de 507 viviendas, distribuida en siete zonas geográficas. Los resultados muestran que el precio por metro cuadrado más alto se encuentra en la Vía a Samborondón, pero, de acuerdo con el PER, la zona más cara es la autopista Terminal Terrestre – Pascuales. El PER promedio en la ciudad es 11,5, muy inferior a los niveles observados en economías donde se presentó el fenómeno de burbuja inmobiliaria.

In this paper, we compare a method for selecting transmission antenna based on road curvature to a method based on periodically alternating between left and right hand side transmission antennas. Both methods aim to improve the success rate for communication between participants in a platoon of vehicles. Moreover, we propose the data age metric for online use as input to the algorithm controlling the inter-vehicle distance in platooning, e.g. to decide appropriate gap between the vehicles depending on the V2V communication quality. The methods have been evaluated through V2V communication measurements performed using heavy duty vehicles on public highway. We show that, when using the curvature-based method, a 150 ms data age deadline is only missed approximately half as often compared to when periodically alternating between left and right hand side transmission antennas. The methods have also been compared for different antenna combinations. © 2015 IEEE, This work has partly been financed by The Swedish government agency for innovation systems (VINNOVA) within the RelCommH project and the KK-Foundation., RelCommH