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1. Global Carbon Budget 2024

Author: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Arneth, A., Arora, V., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Berghoff, C.F., Bittig, H.C., Bopp, L., Cadule, P., Campbell, K., Chamberlain, M.A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L.P., Colligan, T., Decayeux, J., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Duran Rojas, C., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Fay, A., Feely, R.A., Ford, D.J., Foster, A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G.C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A.R., Jain, A., Jarn\'ıkov\', T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Kato, E., Keeling, R.F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J.I., Lauvset, S.K., Lefèvre, N., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Ma, L., Maksyutov, S., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P., Metzl, N., Monacci, N.M., Morgan, E.J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Neill, C., Niwa, Y., Nützel, T., Olivier, L., Ono, T., Palmer, P. I., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T.M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Smallman, T.L., Smith, S., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A.J., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Torres, O., Tourigny, E., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G., Wanninkhof, R., Wang, X., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yu, Z., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, N., Zeng, J., Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Arneth, A., Arora, V., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Berghoff, C.F., Bittig, H.C., Bopp, L., Cadule, P., Campbell, K., Chamberlain, M.A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L.P., Colligan, T., Decayeux, J., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Duran Rojas, C., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Fay, A., Feely, R.A., Ford, D.J., Foster, A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G.C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A.R., Jain, A., Jarn\'ıkov\', T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Kato, E., Keeling, R.F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J.I., Lauvset, S.K., Lefèvre, N., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Ma, L., Maksyutov, S., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P., Metzl, N., Monacci, N.M., Morgan, E.J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Neill, C., Niwa, Y., Nützel, T., Olivier, L., Ono, T., Palmer, P. I., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T.M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Smallman, T.L., Smith, S., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A.J., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Torres, O., Tourigny, E., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G., Wanninkhof, R., Wang, X., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yu, Z., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, N., and Zeng, J.
Published: 2024

2. The key role of forest disturbance in reconciling estimates of the northern carbon sink

Author: O’Sullivan, M., Sitch, S., Friedlingstein, P., Luijkx, I.T., Peters, W., Rosan, T.M., Arneth, A., Arora, V.K., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Falk, S., Feng, L., Gasser, T., Houghton, R.A., Jain, A.K., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Knauer, J., McGrath, M.J., Niwa, Y., Palmer, P.I., Patra, P.K., Pongratz, J., Poulter, B., Rödenbeck, C., Schwingshackl, C., Sun, Q., Tian, H., Walker, A.P., Yang, D., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., O’Sullivan, M., Sitch, S., Friedlingstein, P., Luijkx, I.T., Peters, W., Rosan, T.M., Arneth, A., Arora, V.K., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Falk, S., Feng, L., Gasser, T., Houghton, R.A., Jain, A.K., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Knauer, J., McGrath, M.J., Niwa, Y., Palmer, P.I., Patra, P.K., Pongratz, J., Poulter, B., Rödenbeck, C., Schwingshackl, C., Sun, Q., Tian, H., Walker, A.P., Yang, D., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zaehle, S.
Abstract: Northern forests are an important carbon sink, but our understanding of the driving factors is limited due to discrepancies between dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) and atmospheric inversions. We show that DGVMs simulate a 50% lower sink (1.1 ± 0.5 PgC yr−1 over 2001–2021) across North America, Europe, Russia, and China compared to atmospheric inversions (2.2 ± 0.6 PgC yr−1). We explain why DGVMs underestimate the carbon sink by considering how they represent disturbance processes, specifically the overestimation of fire emissions, and the lack of robust forest demography resulting in lower forest regrowth rates than observed. We reconcile net sink estimates by using alternative disturbance-related fluxes. We estimate carbon uptake through forest regrowth by combining satellite-derived forest age and biomass maps. We calculate a regrowth flux of 1.1 ± 0.1 PgC yr−1, and combine this with satellite-derived estimates of fire emissions (0.4 ± 0.1 PgC yr−1), land-use change emissions from bookkeeping models (0.9 ± 0.2 PgC yr−1), and the DGVM-estimated sink from CO2 fertilisation, nitrogen deposition, and climate change (2.2 ± 0.9 PgC yr−1). The resulting ‘bottom-up’ net flux of 2.1 ± 0.9 PgC yr−1 agrees with atmospheric inversions. The reconciliation holds at regional scales, increasing confidence in our results.
Published: 2024
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3. Global Carbon Budget 2024

Author: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Arneth, A., Arora, V., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Berghoff, C.F., Bittig, H.C., Bopp, L., Cadule, P., Campbell, K., Chamberlain, M.A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L.P., Colligan, T., Decayeux, J., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Duran Rojas, C., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Fay, A., Feely, R.A., Ford, D.J., Foster, A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G.C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A.R., Jain, A., Jarn\'ıkov\', T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Kato, E., Keeling, R.F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J.I., Lauvset, S.K., Lefèvre, N., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Ma, L., Maksyutov, S., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P., Metzl, N., Monacci, N.M., Morgan, E.J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Neill, C., Niwa, Y., Nützel, T., Olivier, L., Ono, T., Palmer, P. I., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T.M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Smallman, T.L., Smith, S., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A.J., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Torres, O., Tourigny, E., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G., Wanninkhof, R., Wang, X., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yu, Z., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, N., Zeng, J., Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Li, H., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Arneth, A., Arora, V., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Berghoff, C.F., Bittig, H.C., Bopp, L., Cadule, P., Campbell, K., Chamberlain, M.A., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L.P., Colligan, T., Decayeux, J., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Duran Rojas, C., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Fay, A., Feely, R.A., Ford, D.J., Foster, A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Hurtt, G.C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A.R., Jain, A., Jarn\'ıkov\', T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Kato, E., Keeling, R.F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J.I., Lauvset, S.K., Lefèvre, N., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Ma, L., Maksyutov, S., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P., Metzl, N., Monacci, N.M., Morgan, E.J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Neill, C., Niwa, Y., Nützel, T., Olivier, L., Ono, T., Palmer, P. I., Pierrot, D., Qin, Z., Resplandy, L., Roobaert, A., Rosan, T.M., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Smallman, T.L., Smith, S., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A.J., Séférian, R., Takao, S., Tatebe, H., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Torres, O., Tourigny, E., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G., Wanninkhof, R., Wang, X., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yu, Z., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, N., and Zeng, J.
Published: 2024

4. Permafrost Region Greenhouse Gas Budgets Suggest a Weak CO2 Sink and CH4 and N2O Sources, But Magnitudes Differ Between Top-Down and Bottom-Up Methods

Author: Hugelius, G., Ramage, J., Burke, E., Chatterjee, A., Smallman, T.L., Aalto, T., Bastos, A., Biasi, C., Canadell, J.G., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Chang, J., Feng, L., Jones, M.W., Kleinen, T., Kuhn, M., Lauerwald, R., Liu, J., López-Blanco, E., Luijkx, I.T., Marushchak, M.E., Natali, S.M., Niwa, Y., Olefeldt, D., Palmer, P.I., Patra, P.K., Peters, W., Potter, S., Poulter, B., Rogers, B.M., Riley, W.J., Saunois, M., Schuur, E.A.G., Thompson, R.L., Treat, C., Tsuruta, A., Turetsky, M.R., Virkkala, A.M., Voigt, C., Watts, J., Zhu, Q., Zheng, B., Hugelius, G., Ramage, J., Burke, E., Chatterjee, A., Smallman, T.L., Aalto, T., Bastos, A., Biasi, C., Canadell, J.G., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Ciais, P., Chang, J., Feng, L., Jones, M.W., Kleinen, T., Kuhn, M., Lauerwald, R., Liu, J., López-Blanco, E., Luijkx, I.T., Marushchak, M.E., Natali, S.M., Niwa, Y., Olefeldt, D., Palmer, P.I., Patra, P.K., Peters, W., Potter, S., Poulter, B., Rogers, B.M., Riley, W.J., Saunois, M., Schuur, E.A.G., Thompson, R.L., Treat, C., Tsuruta, A., Turetsky, M.R., Virkkala, A.M., Voigt, C., Watts, J., Zhu, Q., and Zheng, B.
Abstract: Large stocks of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in northern permafrost soils are vulnerable to remobilization under climate change. However, there are large uncertainties in present-day greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets. We compare bottom-up (data-driven upscaling and process-based models) and top-down (atmospheric inversion models) budgets of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) as well as lateral fluxes of C and N across the region over 2000–2020. Bottom-up approaches estimate higher land-to-atmosphere fluxes for all GHGs. Both bottom-up and top-down approaches show a sink of CO2 in natural ecosystems (bottom-up: −29 (−709, 455), top-down: −587 (−862, −312) Tg CO2-C yr−1) and sources of CH4 (bottom-up: 38 (22, 53), top-down: 15 (11, 18) Tg CH4-C yr−1) and N2O (bottom-up: 0.7 (0.1, 1.3), top-down: 0.09 (−0.19, 0.37) Tg N2O-N yr−1). The combined global warming potential of all three gases (GWP-100) cannot be distinguished from neutral. Over shorter timescales (GWP-20), the region is a net GHG source because CH4 dominates the total forcing. The net CO2 sink in Boreal forests and wetlands is largely offset by fires and inland water CO2 emissions as well as CH4 emissions from wetlands and inland waters, with a smaller contribution from N2O emissions. Priorities for future research include the representation of inland waters in process-based models and the compilation of process-model ensembles for CH4 and N2O. Discrepancies between bottom-up and top-down methods call for analyses of how prior flux ensembles impact inversion budgets, more and well-distributed in situ GHG measurements and improved resolution in upscaling techniques.
Published: 2024

5. Spaceborne monitoring of nitrogen oxides emissions from ships with TROPOMI

Author: Boersma, K.F., Peters, W., Riess, T.C.V.W., Boersma, K.F., Peters, W., and Riess, T.C.V.W.
Published: 2024

6. Childhood Sexual Abuse in Boys and Men: The Case for Gender-Sensitive Interventions

Author: O'Gorman, K, Pilkington, V, Seidler, Z, Oliffe, JL, Peters, W, Bendall, S, Rice, SM, O'Gorman, K, Pilkington, V, Seidler, Z, Oliffe, JL, Peters, W, Bendall, S, and Rice, SM
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the experiences of boys and men exposed to childhood sexual abuse, and to assess the implications of this literature for trials of interventions and tailored services for this population. METHOD: We conducted a narrative review of papers pertaining to boys and men exposed to childhood sexual abuse. Implications of this literature for treatment were critically appraised. RESULTS: Boys and men suffer the negative sequelae of childhood sexual abuse to the same (and sometimes greater) extent as girls and women. Boys and men also experience a number of unique challenges, as the abuse experience may undermine masculine identities and relations. This conflict may contribute to the underreporting of childhood sexual abuse among boys and men. Boys and men are less likely to disclose their abuse experience and wait longer to disclose compared to girls and women. Existing estimates therefore likely underestimate the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among boys and men. Additionally, to date, intervention trials for individuals exposed to childhood sexual abuse have included a disproportionately low number of boys and men, even based on existing prevalence estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Further investigation into the treatment needs of boys and men exposed to childhood sexual abuse is critically important. To facilitate a better understanding of their needs, intervention studies for this cohort should include a greater proportion of boys and men. Studies should also assess the influence of boys' and men's alignments to masculine norms for moderating treatment outcomes as a means to guide gender-sensitive treatments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2024

7. The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2020

Author: McGrath, M.J., Petrescu, A.M.R., Peylin, P., Andrew, R.M., Matthews, B., Dentener, F., Balkovič, J., Bastrikov, V., Becker, M., Broquet, G., Ciais, P., Fortems-Cheiney, A., Ganzenmüller, R., Grassi, G., Harris, I., Jones, M., Knauer, J., Kuhnert, M., Monteil, G., Munassar, S., Palmer, P.I., Peters, G.P., Qiu, C., Schelhaas, M.-J., Tarasova, O., Vizzarri, M., Winkler, K., Balsamo, G., Berchet, A., Briggs, P., Brockmann, P., Chevallier, F., Conchedda, G., Crippa, M., Dellaert, S.N.C., Denier van der Gon, H.A.C., Filipek, S., Friedlingstein, P., Fuchs, R., Gauss, M., Gerbig, C., Guizzardi, D., Günther, D., Houghton, R.A., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Lauerwald, R., Lerink, B., Luijkx, I.T., Moulas, G., Muntean, M., Nabuurs, G.-J., Paquirissamy, A., Perugini, L., Peters, W., Pilli, R., Pongratz, J., Regnier, P., Scholze, M., Serengil, Y., Smith, P., Solazzo, E., Thompson, R.L., Tubiello, F.N., Vesala, T., Walther, S., McGrath, M.J., Petrescu, A.M.R., Peylin, P., Andrew, R.M., Matthews, B., Dentener, F., Balkovič, J., Bastrikov, V., Becker, M., Broquet, G., Ciais, P., Fortems-Cheiney, A., Ganzenmüller, R., Grassi, G., Harris, I., Jones, M., Knauer, J., Kuhnert, M., Monteil, G., Munassar, S., Palmer, P.I., Peters, G.P., Qiu, C., Schelhaas, M.-J., Tarasova, O., Vizzarri, M., Winkler, K., Balsamo, G., Berchet, A., Briggs, P., Brockmann, P., Chevallier, F., Conchedda, G., Crippa, M., Dellaert, S.N.C., Denier van der Gon, H.A.C., Filipek, S., Friedlingstein, P., Fuchs, R., Gauss, M., Gerbig, C., Guizzardi, D., Günther, D., Houghton, R.A., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Lauerwald, R., Lerink, B., Luijkx, I.T., Moulas, G., Muntean, M., Nabuurs, G.-J., Paquirissamy, A., Perugini, L., Peters, W., Pilli, R., Pongratz, J., Regnier, P., Scholze, M., Serengil, Y., Smith, P., Solazzo, E., Thompson, R.L., Tubiello, F.N., Vesala, T., and Walther, S.
Abstract: Quantification of land surface–atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their trends and uncertainties is essential for monitoring progress of the EU27+UK bloc as it strives to meet ambitious targets determined by both international agreements and internal regulation. This study provides a consolidated synthesis of fossil sources (CO2 fossil) and natural (including formally managed ecosystems) sources and sinks over land (CO2 land) using bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) approaches for the European Union and United Kingdom (EU27+UK), updating earlier syntheses (Petrescu et al., 2020, 2021). Given the wide scope of the work and the variety of approaches involved, this study aims to answer essential questions identified in the previous syntheses and understand the differences between datasets, particularly for poorly characterized fluxes from managed and unmanaged ecosystems. The work integrates updated emission inventory data, process-based model results, data-driven categorical model results, and inverse modeling estimates, extending the previous period 1990–2018 to the year 2020 to the extent possible. BU and TD products are compared with the European national greenhouse gas inventory (NGHGI) reported by parties including the year 2019 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The uncertainties of the EU27+UK NGHGI were evaluated using the standard deviation reported by the EU member states following the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and harmonized by gap-filling procedures. Variation in estimates produced with other methods, such as atmospheric inversion models (TD) or spatially disaggregated inventory datasets (BU), originate from within-model uncertainty related to parameterization as well as structural differences between models. By comparing the NGHGI with other approaches, key sources of differences between estimates arise primarily in activities. System boundaries and emission categorie
Published: 2023
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8. Global Carbon Budget 2023

Author: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Decharme, B., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Cadule, P., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chau, T.-T.-T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Dou, X., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Gasser, T., Ghattas, J., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Joos, F., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Körtzinger, A., Lan, X., Lefèvre, N., Li, H., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Ma, L., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Meyer, G., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Paulsen, M., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Powis, C. M., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Smallman, T. L., Smith, S. M., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tans, P. P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., van Ooijen, E., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, M., Wimart-Rousseau, C., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., Zheng, B., Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Decharme, B., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Cadule, P., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chau, T.-T.-T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Dou, X., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Gasser, T., Ghattas, J., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Joos, F., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Körtzinger, A., Lan, X., Lefèvre, N., Li, H., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Ma, L., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Meyer, G., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Paulsen, M., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Powis, C. M., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Smallman, T. L., Smith, S. M., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tans, P. P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., van Ooijen, E., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, M., Wimart-Rousseau, C., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., and Zheng, B.
Published: 2023

9. Global Carbon Budget 2023

Author: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Bakker, D.C.E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I.T., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Decharme, B., Bopp, L., Brasika, I.B.M., Cadule, P., Chamberlain, M.A., Chandra, N., Chau, T.-T.-T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L.P., Cronin, M., Dou, X., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R.A., Feng, L., Ford, D.J., Gasser, T., Ghattas, J., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Houghton, R.A., Hurtt, G.C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A.R., Jain, A., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Joos, F., Kato, E., Keeling, R.F., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J.I., Körtzinger, A., Lan, X., Lefèvre, N., Li, H., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Ma, L., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P.C., McKinley, G.A., Meyer, G., Morgan, E.J., Munro, D.R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K.M., Olsen, A., Omar, A.M., Ono, T., Paulsen, M., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Powis, C.M., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T.M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Smallman, T.L., Smith, S.M., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Sun, Q., Sutton, A.J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tans, P.P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G.R., van Ooijen, E., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, M., Wimart-Rousseau, C., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., Zheng, B., Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Bakker, D.C.E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I.T., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Decharme, B., Bopp, L., Brasika, I.B.M., Cadule, P., Chamberlain, M.A., Chandra, N., Chau, T.-T.-T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L.P., Cronin, M., Dou, X., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R.A., Feng, L., Ford, D.J., Gasser, T., Ghattas, J., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Houghton, R.A., Hurtt, G.C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A.R., Jain, A., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Joos, F., Kato, E., Keeling, R.F., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J.I., Körtzinger, A., Lan, X., Lefèvre, N., Li, H., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Ma, L., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P.C., McKinley, G.A., Meyer, G., Morgan, E.J., Munro, D.R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K.M., Olsen, A., Omar, A.M., Ono, T., Paulsen, M., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Powis, C.M., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T.M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Smallman, T.L., Smith, S.M., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Sun, Q., Sutton, A.J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tans, P.P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G.R., van Ooijen, E., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, M., Wimart-Rousseau, C., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., and Zheng, B.
Published: 2023

10. Near-real-time CO$_2$ fluxes from CarbonTracker Europe for high-resolution atmospheric modeling

Author: van der Woude, A. M., de Kok, R., Smith, N., Luijkx, I. T., Botía, S., Karstens, U., Kooijmans, L. M. J., Koren, G., Meijer, H. A. J., Steeneveld, G.-J., Storm, I., Super, I., Scheeren, H. A., Vermeulen, A., Peters, W., van der Woude, A. M., de Kok, R., Smith, N., Luijkx, I. T., Botía, S., Karstens, U., Kooijmans, L. M. J., Koren, G., Meijer, H. A. J., Steeneveld, G.-J., Storm, I., Super, I., Scheeren, H. A., Vermeulen, A., and Peters, W.
Abstract: We present the CarbonTracker Europe High-Resolution (CTE-HR) system that estimates carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange over Europe at high resolution (0.1 × 0.2∘) and in near real time (about 2 months' latency). It includes a dynamic anthropogenic emission model, which uses easily available statistics on economic activity, energy use, and weather to generate anthropogenic emissions with dynamic time profiles at high spatial and temporal resolution (0.1×0.2∘, hourly). Hourly net ecosystem productivity (NEP) calculated by the Simple Biosphere model Version 4 (SiB4) is driven by meteorology from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis 5th Generation (ERA5) dataset. This NEP is downscaled to 0.1×0.2∘ using the high-resolution Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) land-cover map and combined with the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) fire emissions to create terrestrial carbon fluxes. Ocean CO2 fluxes are included in our product, based on Jena CarboScope ocean CO2 fluxes, which are downscaled using wind speed and temperature. Jointly, these flux estimates enable modeling of atmospheric CO2 mole fractions over Europe. We assess the skill of the CTE-HR CO2 fluxes (a) to reproduce observed anomalies in biospheric fluxes and atmospheric CO2 mole fractions during the 2018 European drought, (b) to capture the reduction of anthropogenic emissions due to COVID-19 lockdowns, (c) to match mole fraction observations at Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) sites across Europe after atmospheric transport with the Transport Model, version 5 (TM5) and the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT), driven by ECMWF-IFS, and (d) to capture the magnitude and variability of measured CO2 fluxes in the city center of Amsterdam (the Netherlands). We show that CTE-HR fluxes reproduce large-scale flux anomalies reported in previous studies for both biospheric fluxes (drought of 2018) and anthropogenic emissio
Published: 2023

11. Near-real-time CO$_2$ fluxes from CarbonTracker Europe for high-resolution atmospheric modeling

Author: Global Ecohydrology and Sustainability, Environmental Sciences, van der Woude, A. M., de Kok, R., Smith, N., Luijkx, I. T., Botía, S., Karstens, U., Kooijmans, L. M. J., Koren, G., Meijer, H. A. J., Steeneveld, G.-J., Storm, I., Super, I., Scheeren, H. A., Vermeulen, A., Peters, W., Global Ecohydrology and Sustainability, Environmental Sciences, van der Woude, A. M., de Kok, R., Smith, N., Luijkx, I. T., Botía, S., Karstens, U., Kooijmans, L. M. J., Koren, G., Meijer, H. A. J., Steeneveld, G.-J., Storm, I., Super, I., Scheeren, H. A., Vermeulen, A., and Peters, W.
Published: 2023

12. Global Carbon Budget 2023

Author: Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Decharme, B., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Cadule, P., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chau, T.-T.-T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Dou, X., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Gasser, T., Ghattas, J., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Joos, F., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Körtzinger, A., Lan, X., Lefèvre, N., Li, H., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Ma, L., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Meyer, G., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Paulsen, M., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Powis, C. M., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Smallman, T. L., Smith, S. M., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tans, P. P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., van Ooijen, E., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, M., Wimart-Rousseau, C., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., Zheng, B., Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Decharme, B., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Cadule, P., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chau, T.-T.-T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Dou, X., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Gasser, T., Ghattas, J., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Joos, F., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Körtzinger, A., Lan, X., Lefèvre, N., Li, H., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Ma, L., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Meyer, G., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Paulsen, M., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Powis, C. M., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Smallman, T. L., Smith, S. M., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tans, P. P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., van Ooijen, E., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, M., Wimart-Rousseau, C., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., and Zheng, B.
Published: 2023

13. Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

Author: Tucker, M., Schipper, A., Adams, T., Attias, N., Avgar, T., Babic, N., Barker, K., Bastille-Rousseau, G., Behr, D., Belant, J., Beyer Jr, D., Blaum, N., Blount, D., Bockmühl, D., Pires Boulhosa, R. L., Brown, M., Buuveibaatar, B., Cagnacci, F., (0000-0003-0575-6408) Calabrese, J., Černe, R., Chamaillé-Jammes, S., Chan, A. N., Chase, M., Chaval, Y., Chenaux-Ibrahim, Y., Cherry, S., Ćirović, D., Çoban, E., Cole, E., Conlee, L., Courtemanch, A., Cozzi, G., Davidson, S., Debloois, D., Dejid, N., Denicola, V., Desbiez, A., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Drake, D., Egan, M., Eikelboom, J., Fagan, W., Farmer, M., Fennessy, J., Finnegan, S., Fleming, C., Fournier, B., Fowler, N., Gantchoff, M., Garnier, A., Gehr, B., Geremia, C., Goheen, J., Hauptfleisch, M., Hebblewhite, M., Heim, M., Hertel, A., Heurich, M., Hewison, M., Hodson, J., Hoffman, N., Hopcraft, G., Huber, D., Isaac, E., Janik, K., Ježek, M., Johansson, Ö., Jordan, N. R., Kaczensky, P., Kamaru, D., Kauffman, M., Kautz, T., Kays, R., Kelly, A., Kindberg, J., Krofel, M., Kusak, J., Lamb, C., Lasharr, T., Leimgruber, P., Leitner, H., Lierz, M., Linnell, J., Lkhagvaja, P., Long, R., López-Bao, J., Loretto, M.-C., Marchand, P., Martin, H., Martinez, L., Mcbride Jr, R., Mclaren, A., Meisingset, E., Melzheimer, J., Merrill, E., Middleton, A., Monteith, K., Moore, S., Moorter, B. V., Morellet, N., Morrison, T., Müller, R., Mysterud, A., Noonan, M., O’Connor, D., Olson, D., Olson, K., Ortega, A., Ossi, F., Panzacchi, M., Patchett, R., Patterson, B., Paula, R. C. D., Payne, J., Peters, W., Petroelje, T., Pitcher, B., Pokorny, B., Poole, K., Potočnik, H., Poulin, M.-P., Pringle, R., Prins, H., Ranc, N., Reljić, S., Robb, B., Röder, R., Rolandsen, C., Rutz, C., Salemgareyev, A., Samelius, G., Sayine-Crawford, H., Schooler, S., Şekercioğlu, Ç., Selva, N., Semenzato, P., Sergiel, A., Sharma, K., Shawler, A., Signer, J., Silovský, V., Silva, J., Simon, R., Smiley, R., Smith, D., Solberg, E., Soto, D., Spiegel, O., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Stahler, D., Stephenson, J., Stewart, C., Strand, O., Sunde, P., Svoboda, N., Swart, J., Thompson, J., Toal, K., Uiseb, K., Vanacker, M., Velilla, M., Verzuh, T., Wachter, B., Wagler, B., Whittington, J., Wikelski, M., Wilmers, C., Wittemyer, G., Young, J., Zięba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Huijbregts, M., Mueller, T., Tucker, M., Schipper, A., Adams, T., Attias, N., Avgar, T., Babic, N., Barker, K., Bastille-Rousseau, G., Behr, D., Belant, J., Beyer Jr, D., Blaum, N., Blount, D., Bockmühl, D., Pires Boulhosa, R. L., Brown, M., Buuveibaatar, B., Cagnacci, F., (0000-0003-0575-6408) Calabrese, J., Černe, R., Chamaillé-Jammes, S., Chan, A. N., Chase, M., Chaval, Y., Chenaux-Ibrahim, Y., Cherry, S., Ćirović, D., Çoban, E., Cole, E., Conlee, L., Courtemanch, A., Cozzi, G., Davidson, S., Debloois, D., Dejid, N., Denicola, V., Desbiez, A., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Drake, D., Egan, M., Eikelboom, J., Fagan, W., Farmer, M., Fennessy, J., Finnegan, S., Fleming, C., Fournier, B., Fowler, N., Gantchoff, M., Garnier, A., Gehr, B., Geremia, C., Goheen, J., Hauptfleisch, M., Hebblewhite, M., Heim, M., Hertel, A., Heurich, M., Hewison, M., Hodson, J., Hoffman, N., Hopcraft, G., Huber, D., Isaac, E., Janik, K., Ježek, M., Johansson, Ö., Jordan, N. R., Kaczensky, P., Kamaru, D., Kauffman, M., Kautz, T., Kays, R., Kelly, A., Kindberg, J., Krofel, M., Kusak, J., Lamb, C., Lasharr, T., Leimgruber, P., Leitner, H., Lierz, M., Linnell, J., Lkhagvaja, P., Long, R., López-Bao, J., Loretto, M.-C., Marchand, P., Martin, H., Martinez, L., Mcbride Jr, R., Mclaren, A., Meisingset, E., Melzheimer, J., Merrill, E., Middleton, A., Monteith, K., Moore, S., Moorter, B. V., Morellet, N., Morrison, T., Müller, R., Mysterud, A., Noonan, M., O’Connor, D., Olson, D., Olson, K., Ortega, A., Ossi, F., Panzacchi, M., Patchett, R., Patterson, B., Paula, R. C. D., Payne, J., Peters, W., Petroelje, T., Pitcher, B., Pokorny, B., Poole, K., Potočnik, H., Poulin, M.-P., Pringle, R., Prins, H., Ranc, N., Reljić, S., Robb, B., Röder, R., Rolandsen, C., Rutz, C., Salemgareyev, A., Samelius, G., Sayine-Crawford, H., Schooler, S., Şekercioğlu, Ç., Selva, N., Semenzato, P., Sergiel, A., Sharma, K., Shawler, A., Signer, J., Silovský, V., Silva, J., Simon, R., Smiley, R., Smith, D., Solberg, E., Soto, D., Spiegel, O., Stabach, J., Stacy-Dawes, J., Stahler, D., Stephenson, J., Stewart, C., Strand, O., Sunde, P., Svoboda, N., Swart, J., Thompson, J., Toal, K., Uiseb, K., Vanacker, M., Velilla, M., Verzuh, T., Wachter, B., Wagler, B., Whittington, J., Wikelski, M., Wilmers, C., Wittemyer, G., Young, J., Zięba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Huijbregts, M., and Mueller, T.
Abstract: COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’ 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.
Published: 2023

14. The consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2020

Author: McGrath, M.J., Petrescu, A.M.R., Peylin, P., Andrew, R.M., Matthews, B., Dentener, F., Balkovič, J., Bastrikov, V., Becker, M., Broquet, G., Ciais, P., Fortems-Cheiney, A., Ganzenmüller, R., Grassi, G., Harris, I., Jones, M., Knauer, J., Kuhnert, M., Monteil, G., Munassar, S., Palmer, P.I., Peters, G.P., Qiu, C., Schelhaas, M.-J., Tarasova, O., Vizzarri, M., Winkler, K., Balsamo, G., Berchet, A., Briggs, P., Brockmann, P., Chevallier, F., Conchedda, G., Crippa, M., Dellaert, S.N.C., Denier van der Gon, H.A.C., Filipek, S., Friedlingstein, P., Fuchs, R., Gauss, M., Gerbig, C., Guizzardi, D., Günther, D., Houghton, R.A., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Lauerwald, R., Lerink, B., Luijkx, I.T., Moulas, G., Muntean, M., Nabuurs, G.-J., Paquirissamy, A., Perugini, L., Peters, W., Pilli, R., Pongratz, J., Regnier, P., Scholze, M., Serengil, Y., Smith, P., Solazzo, E., Thompson, R.L., Tubiello, F.N., Vesala, T., Walther, S., McGrath, M.J., Petrescu, A.M.R., Peylin, P., Andrew, R.M., Matthews, B., Dentener, F., Balkovič, J., Bastrikov, V., Becker, M., Broquet, G., Ciais, P., Fortems-Cheiney, A., Ganzenmüller, R., Grassi, G., Harris, I., Jones, M., Knauer, J., Kuhnert, M., Monteil, G., Munassar, S., Palmer, P.I., Peters, G.P., Qiu, C., Schelhaas, M.-J., Tarasova, O., Vizzarri, M., Winkler, K., Balsamo, G., Berchet, A., Briggs, P., Brockmann, P., Chevallier, F., Conchedda, G., Crippa, M., Dellaert, S.N.C., Denier van der Gon, H.A.C., Filipek, S., Friedlingstein, P., Fuchs, R., Gauss, M., Gerbig, C., Guizzardi, D., Günther, D., Houghton, R.A., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Lauerwald, R., Lerink, B., Luijkx, I.T., Moulas, G., Muntean, M., Nabuurs, G.-J., Paquirissamy, A., Perugini, L., Peters, W., Pilli, R., Pongratz, J., Regnier, P., Scholze, M., Serengil, Y., Smith, P., Solazzo, E., Thompson, R.L., Tubiello, F.N., Vesala, T., and Walther, S.
Abstract: Quantification of land surface–atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and their trends and uncertainties is essential for monitoring progress of the EU27+UK bloc as it strives to meet ambitious targets determined by both international agreements and internal regulation. This study provides a consolidated synthesis of fossil sources (CO2 fossil) and natural (including formally managed ecosystems) sources and sinks over land (CO2 land) using bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) approaches for the European Union and United Kingdom (EU27+UK), updating earlier syntheses (Petrescu et al., 2020, 2021). Given the wide scope of the work and the variety of approaches involved, this study aims to answer essential questions identified in the previous syntheses and understand the differences between datasets, particularly for poorly characterized fluxes from managed and unmanaged ecosystems. The work integrates updated emission inventory data, process-based model results, data-driven categorical model results, and inverse modeling estimates, extending the previous period 1990–2018 to the year 2020 to the extent possible. BU and TD products are compared with the European national greenhouse gas inventory (NGHGI) reported by parties including the year 2019 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The uncertainties of the EU27+UK NGHGI were evaluated using the standard deviation reported by the EU member states following the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and harmonized by gap-filling procedures. Variation in estimates produced with other methods, such as atmospheric inversion models (TD) or spatially disaggregated inventory datasets (BU), originate from within-model uncertainty related to parameterization as well as structural differences between models. By comparing the NGHGI with other approaches, key sources of differences between estimates arise primarily in activities. System boundaries and emission categorie
Published: 2023
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15. Unstable phenomena in stable magnetospheres: searching for radio flares from magnetic OBA stars using VCSS

Author: Polisensky, E., Das, B., Peters, W., Shultz, M. E., Semenko, E., Clarke, T. E., Polisensky, E., Das, B., Peters, W., Shultz, M. E., Semenko, E., and Clarke, T. E.
Abstract: Although the majority of hot magnetic stars have extremely stable, $\sim$kG strength surface magnetic fields with simple topologies, a subset undergo small-scale explosions due to centrifugal breakout (CBO). The resulting small-scale flares are typically below the sensitivity of current magentospheric diagnostics and do not generate detectable transient signatures. However, a recently reported radio flare from the hot magnetic star CU Vir suggests that some of the most energetic events do reach detectable levels. Motivated by this, we searched for transient radio sources in the first two epochs of the VLITE Commensal Sky Survey (VCSS) at the position of 761 hot magnetic stars. We report three detections. A false association analysis shows a less than 1% probability that the sources are imaging artifacts. We then examine the stellar parameters of the three stars to understand if they are likely to produce flares. We conclude that while at this stage we cannot make a definitive association of the detections with the stars, the current data are consistent with the hypothesis that the flares originate in the stellar magnetospheres., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2023

16. PEARLS: JWST counterparts of micro-Jy radio sources in the Time Domain Field

Author: Willner, S. P., Gim, H. B., Polletta, M. del Carmen, Cohen, S. H., Willmer, C. N. A., Zhao, X., D'Silva, J. C. J., Jansen, R. A., Koekemoer, A. M., Summers, J., Windhorst, R. A., Coe, D., Conselice, C. J., Driver, S. P., Frye, B., Grogin, N. A., Marshall, M. A., Nonino, M., Ortiz III, R., Pirzkal, N., Robotham, A., Rutkowski, M. J., Ryan, Jr., R. E., Tompkins, S., Yan, H., Hammel, H. B., Milam, S. N., Adams, N. J., Beacom, J. F., Bhatawdekar, R., Cheng, C., Civano, F., Cotton, W., Hyun, M., Kikuta, S., Nyland, K. E., Peters, W. M., Petric, A., Röttgering, H. J. A., Shimwell, T., Yun, M. S., Willner, S. P., Gim, H. B., Polletta, M. del Carmen, Cohen, S. H., Willmer, C. N. A., Zhao, X., D'Silva, J. C. J., Jansen, R. A., Koekemoer, A. M., Summers, J., Windhorst, R. A., Coe, D., Conselice, C. J., Driver, S. P., Frye, B., Grogin, N. A., Marshall, M. A., Nonino, M., Ortiz III, R., Pirzkal, N., Robotham, A., Rutkowski, M. J., Ryan, Jr., R. E., Tompkins, S., Yan, H., Hammel, H. B., Milam, S. N., Adams, N. J., Beacom, J. F., Bhatawdekar, R., Cheng, C., Civano, F., Cotton, W., Hyun, M., Kikuta, S., Nyland, K. E., Peters, W. M., Petric, A., Röttgering, H. J. A., Shimwell, T., and Yun, M. S.
Abstract: The Time Domain Field (TDF) near the North Ecliptic Pole in JWST's continuous-viewing zone will become a premier "blank field" for extragalactic science. JWST/NIRCam data in a 16 arcmin$^2$ portion of the TDF identify 4.4 $\mu$m counterparts for 62 of 63 3 GHz sources with S(3 GHz) > 5 {\mu}Jy. The one unidentified radio source may be a lobe of a nearby Seyfert galaxy, or it may be an infrared-faint radio source. The bulk properties of the radio-host galaxies are consistent with those found by previous work: redshifts range from 0.14 to 4.4 with a median redshift of 1.33. The radio emission arises primarily from star formation in $\sim 2/3$ of the sample and from an active galactic nucleus in $\sim 1/3$, but just over half the sample shows evidence for an AGN either in the spectral energy distribution or by radio excess. All but three counterparts are brighter than magnitude 23 AB at 4.4 $\mu$m, and the exquisite resolution of JWST identifies correct counterparts for sources for which observations with lower angular resolution would mis-identify a nearby bright source as the counterpart when the correct one is faint and red. Up to 11% of counterparts might have been unidentified or misidentified absent NIRCam observations., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. V2 adds an author and some acknowledgments inadvertently omitted
Published: 2023

17. Global Carbon Budget 2022

Author: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Alkama, R., Arneth, A., Arora, V. K., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bittig, H. C., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Gloege, L., Grassi, G., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Jersild, A., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lindsay, K., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGrath, M. J., Metzl, N., Monacci, N. M., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P. I., Pan, N., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rodriguez, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Shutler, J. D., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tanhua, T., Tans, P. P., Tian, X., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., Walker, A. P., Wanninkhof, R., Whitehead, C., Willstrand Wranne, A., Wright, R., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., Zheng, B., Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Alkama, R., Arneth, A., Arora, V. K., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bittig, H. C., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Gloege, L., Grassi, G., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Jersild, A., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lindsay, K., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGrath, M. J., Metzl, N., Monacci, N. M., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P. I., Pan, N., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rodriguez, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Shutler, J. D., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tanhua, T., Tans, P. P., Tian, X., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., Walker, A. P., Wanninkhof, R., Whitehead, C., Willstrand Wranne, A., Wright, R., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., and Zheng, B.
Published: 2022

18. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author: Friedlingstein, P., Jones, M.W., O'Sullivan, M., Andrew, R.M., Bakker, D.C.E., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Anthoni, P., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bopp, L., Chau, T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L., Cronin, M., Currie, K., Decharme, B., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Evans, W., Feely, R., Feng, L., Gasser, T., Gilfillan, D., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, O., Harris, I., Houghton, R., Hurtt, G., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Luijkx, I., Jain, A., Jones, S., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S., Lefèvre, N., Lienert, S., Liu, J., Marland, G., McGuire, P., Melton, J., Munro, D., Nabel, J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., Ono, T., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T., Schwinger, J., Schwingshackl, C., Séférian, R., Sutton, A., Sweeney, C., Tanhua, T., Tans, P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G., Vuichard, N., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A., Willis, D., Wiltshire, A., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., Friedlingstein, P., Jones, M.W., O'Sullivan, M., Andrew, R.M., Bakker, D.C.E., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Anthoni, P., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bopp, L., Chau, T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L., Cronin, M., Currie, K., Decharme, B., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Evans, W., Feely, R., Feng, L., Gasser, T., Gilfillan, D., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, O., Harris, I., Houghton, R., Hurtt, G., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Luijkx, I., Jain, A., Jones, S., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S., Lefèvre, N., Lienert, S., Liu, J., Marland, G., McGuire, P., Melton, J., Munro, D., Nabel, J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., Ono, T., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T., Schwinger, J., Schwingshackl, C., Séférian, R., Sutton, A., Sweeney, C., Tanhua, T., Tans, P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G., Vuichard, N., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A., Willis, D., Wiltshire, A., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., and Zeng, J.
Published: 2022

19. Global Carbon Budget 2022

Author: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I.T., Olsen, A., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Alkama, R., Arneth, A., Arora, V.K., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bittig, H.C., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L.P., Cronin, M., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R.A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Gloege, L., Grassi, G., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Houghton, R.A., Hurtt, G.C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jain, A.K., Jersild, A., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J.I., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lindsay, K., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGrath, M.J., Metzl, N., Monacci, N.M., Munro, D.R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P.I., Pan, N., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rodriguez, C., Rosan, T.M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Shutler, J.D., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A.J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tanhua, T., Tans, P.P., Tian, X., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G.R., Walker, A.P., Wanninkhof, R., Whitehead, C., Willstrand Wranne, A., Wright, R., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., Zheng, B., Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I.T., Olsen, A., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Alkama, R., Arneth, A., Arora, V.K., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bittig, H.C., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L.P., Cronin, M., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R.A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Gloege, L., Grassi, G., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Houghton, R.A., Hurtt, G.C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jain, A.K., Jersild, A., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J.I., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lindsay, K., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGrath, M.J., Metzl, N., Monacci, N.M., Munro, D.R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P.I., Pan, N., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rodriguez, C., Rosan, T.M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Shutler, J.D., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A.J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tanhua, T., Tans, P.P., Tian, X., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G.R., Walker, A.P., Wanninkhof, R., Whitehead, C., Willstrand Wranne, A., Wright, R., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., and Zheng, B.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Global Carbon Budget 2021

Author: Friedlingstein, P., Jones, M.W., O'Sullivan, M., Andrew, R.M., Bakker, D.C.E., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Anthoni, P., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bopp, L., Chau, T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L., Cronin, M., Currie, K., Decharme, B., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Evans, W., Feely, R., Feng, L., Gasser, T., Gilfillan, D., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, O., Harris, I., Houghton, R., Hurtt, G., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Luijkx, I., Jain, A., Jones, S., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S., Lefèvre, N., Lienert, S., Liu, J., Marland, G., McGuire, P., Melton, J., Munro, D., Nabel, J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., Ono, T., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T., Schwinger, J., Schwingshackl, C., Séférian, R., Sutton, A., Sweeney, C., Tanhua, T., Tans, P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G., Vuichard, N., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A., Willis, D., Wiltshire, A., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., Friedlingstein, P., Jones, M.W., O'Sullivan, M., Andrew, R.M., Bakker, D.C.E., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Anthoni, P., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bopp, L., Chau, T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L., Cronin, M., Currie, K., Decharme, B., Djeutchouang, L., Dou, X., Evans, W., Feely, R., Feng, L., Gasser, T., Gilfillan, D., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, O., Harris, I., Houghton, R., Hurtt, G., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Luijkx, I., Jain, A., Jones, S., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S., Lefèvre, N., Lienert, S., Liu, J., Marland, G., McGuire, P., Melton, J., Munro, D., Nabel, J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., Ono, T., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T., Schwinger, J., Schwingshackl, C., Séférian, R., Sutton, A., Sweeney, C., Tanhua, T., Tans, P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G., Vuichard, N., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A., Willis, D., Wiltshire, A., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., and Zeng, J.
Published: 2022

21. Global Carbon Budget 2022

Author: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I.T., Olsen, A., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Alkama, R., Arneth, A., Arora, V.K., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bittig, H.C., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L.P., Cronin, M., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R.A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Gloege, L., Grassi, G., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Houghton, R.A., Hurtt, G.C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jain, A.K., Jersild, A., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J.I., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lindsay, K., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGrath, M.J., Metzl, N., Monacci, N.M., Munro, D.R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P.I., Pan, N., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rodriguez, C., Rosan, T.M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Shutler, J.D., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A.J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tanhua, T., Tans, P.P., Tian, X., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G.R., Walker, A.P., Wanninkhof, R., Whitehead, C., Willstrand Wranne, A., Wright, R., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., Zheng, B., Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M.W., Andrew, R.M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I.T., Olsen, A., Peters, G.P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J.G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R.B., Alin, S.R., Alkama, R., Arneth, A., Arora, V.K., Bates, N.R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bittig, H.C., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L.P., Cronin, M., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R.A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Gloege, L., Grassi, G., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Houghton, R.A., Hurtt, G.C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jain, A.K., Jersild, A., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J.I., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lindsay, K., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGrath, M.J., Metzl, N., Monacci, N.M., Munro, D.R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P.I., Pan, N., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rodriguez, C., Rosan, T.M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Shutler, J.D., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A.J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tanhua, T., Tans, P.P., Tian, X., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G.R., Walker, A.P., Wanninkhof, R., Whitehead, C., Willstrand Wranne, A., Wright, R., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., and Zheng, B.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Global Carbon Budget 2022

Author: Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Alkama, R., Arneth, A., Arora, V. K., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bittig, H. C., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Gloege, L., Grassi, G., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Jersild, A., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lindsay, K., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGrath, M. J., Metzl, N., Monacci, N. M., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P. I., Pan, N., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rodriguez, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Shutler, J. D., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tanhua, T., Tans, P. P., Tian, X., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., Walker, A. P., Wanninkhof, R., Whitehead, C., Willstrand Wranne, A., Wright, R., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., Zheng, B., Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Alkama, R., Arneth, A., Arora, V. K., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bittig, H. C., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Gloege, L., Grassi, G., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Jersild, A., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lindsay, K., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGrath, M. J., Metzl, N., Monacci, N. M., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P. I., Pan, N., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rodriguez, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Shutler, J. D., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tanhua, T., Tans, P. P., Tian, X., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., Walker, A. P., Wanninkhof, R., Whitehead, C., Willstrand Wranne, A., Wright, R., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., and Zheng, B.
Published: 2022

23. Relative efficacy of psychological interventions following interpersonal trauma on anxiety, depression, substance use, and PTSD symptoms in young people: A meta-analysis

Author: Peters, W, Rice, S, Alvarez-Jimenez, M, Hetrick, SE, Halpin, E, Kamitsis, I, Santesteban-Echarri, O, Bendall, S, Peters, W, Rice, S, Alvarez-Jimenez, M, Hetrick, SE, Halpin, E, Kamitsis, I, Santesteban-Echarri, O, and Bendall, S
Abstract: AIM: Interpersonal trauma exposures are associated with anxiety, depression, and substance use in youth populations (aged 12-25 years). This meta-analysis reports on the efficacy of psychological interventions on these symptom domains in addition to post-traumatic stress. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a search of electronic databases was performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing interventions for young people following interpersonal trauma exposure. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data were analysed using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of the 4832 records screened, 78 studies were reviewed, and 10 RCTs, involving 679 participants (mean age 15.6 years), were analysed. There was a large pooled effect size for post-traumatic stress (7 studies, g = 1.43, 95% CI [0.37, 2.15], p = .002) and substance use (2 studies, g = 0.70, 95% CI [-0.11, 1.22], p < .001) and small effect sizes for anxiety (4 studies, g = 0.30, 95% CI [0.10, 0.49], p = .003), and trend-level effect for depression (10 studies, g = 0.27, 95% CI [0.00, 0.54], p = .052). Heterogeneity was significant for post-traumatic stress and moderate for depression. CONCLUSIONS: High-quality RCTs of psychological interventions for anxiety, depression, substance use, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in young people exposed to interpersonal trauma are scarce. While available studies show either statistically significant or trend-level efficacy for psychological interventions in reducing these symptoms, wide confidence intervals, heterogeneity and small sample size mean that results need to be interpreted with caution.
Published: 2022

24. Subjective Distress, Self-Harm, and Suicidal Ideation or Behavior Throughout Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Transitional Age Youth

Author: Peters, W, Rice, S, Cohen, J, Smith, NB, McDonnell, CG, Winch, A, Nicasio, A, Zeifman, RJ, Alvarez-Jimenez, M, Bendall, S, Peters, W, Rice, S, Cohen, J, Smith, NB, McDonnell, CG, Winch, A, Nicasio, A, Zeifman, RJ, Alvarez-Jimenez, M, and Bendall, S
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Elevations in distress, self-harm, and suicidal ideation or behavior are of significant concern in clinical practice. We examined these in a pilot trial of Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for transitional age youth (aged 15-25 years) with histories of interpersonal trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. METHOD: Participants were 20 young people (13 females, M = 19.5 years) from a pilot study of TF-CBT. Frequencies of elevated distress, self-harm, and suicidal ideation or behavior were measured throughout treatment sessions and across the treatment phases of TF-CBT. RESULTS: Across the 279 sessions of TF-CBT (m = 15.5 sessions), there were 16 incidents of elevated distress in seven participants (i.e., six in Phase I and five each in Phases II and III); 15 incidents of self-harming behavior in seven participants (five incidents in each of the three phases) and one incident of both elevated distress and suicide ideation (Phase I). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that there may be a relationship between the experience of in session distress and self-harming behaviors. The importance of safety planning and coping skills (acquired in Phase 1) is stressed to ensure the effective implementation of TF-CBT. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2022

25. Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project (RECCAP-2)

Author: Ciais, P., Bastos, A., Chevallier, F., Lauerwald, R., Poulter, B., Canadell, P., Hugelius, G., Jackson, R.B., Jain, A., Jones, M., Kondo, M., Luijkx, I., Patra, P.K., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Petrescu, A., Piao, S., Qiu, C., Von Randow, C., Regnier, P., Saunois, M., Scholes, R., Shvidenko, A., Tian, H., Yang, H., Wang, X., Zheng, B., Ciais, P., Bastos, A., Chevallier, F., Lauerwald, R., Poulter, B., Canadell, P., Hugelius, G., Jackson, R.B., Jain, A., Jones, M., Kondo, M., Luijkx, I., Patra, P.K., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Petrescu, A., Piao, S., Qiu, C., Von Randow, C., Regnier, P., Saunois, M., Scholes, R., Shvidenko, A., Tian, H., Yang, H., Wang, X., and Zheng, B.
Abstract: Regional land carbon budgets provide insights on the spatial distribution of the land uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and can be used to evaluate carbon cycle models and to define baselines for land-based additional mitigation efforts. The scientific community has been involved in providing observation-based estimates of regional carbon budgets either by downscaling atmospheric CO2 observations into surface fluxes with atmospheric inversions, by using inventories of carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems, by upscaling local field observations such as flux towers with gridded climate and remote sensing fields or by integrating data-driven or process-oriented terrestrial carbon cycle models. The first coordinated attempt to collect regional carbon budgets for nine regions covering the entire globe in the RECCAP-1 project has delivered estimates for the decade 2000–2009, but these budgets were not comparable between regions, due to different definitions and component fluxes reported or omitted. The recent recognition of lateral fluxes of carbon by human activities and rivers, that connect CO2 uptake in one area with its release in another also requires better definition and protocols to reach harmonized regional budgets that can be summed up to the globe and compared with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and inversion results. In this study, for the international initiative RECCAP-2 coordinated by the Global Carbon Project, which aims as an update of regional carbon budgets over the last two decades based on observations, for 10 regions covering the globe, with a better harmonization that the precursor project, we provide recommendations for using atmospheric inversions results to match bottom-up carbon accounting and models, and we define the different component fluxes of the net land atmosphere carbon exchange that should be reported by each research group in charge of each region. Special attention is given to lateral fluxes, inland water fluxes and lan
Published: 2022

26. Global Carbon Budget 2022

Author: Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Alkama, R., Arneth, A., Arora, V. K., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bittig, H. C., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Gloege, L., Grassi, G., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Jersild, A., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lindsay, K., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGrath, M. J., Metzl, N., Monacci, N. M., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P. I., Pan, N., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rodriguez, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Shutler, J. D., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tanhua, T., Tans, P. P., Tian, X., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., Walker, A. P., Wanninkhof, R., Whitehead, C., Willstrand Wranne, A., Wright, R., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., Zheng, B., Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Gregor, L., Hauck, J., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Olsen, A., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Alkama, R., Arneth, A., Arora, V. K., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Bittig, H. C., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gkritzalis, T., Gloege, L., Grassi, G., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Jersild, A., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lindsay, K., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGrath, M. J., Metzl, N., Monacci, N. M., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P. I., Pan, N., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rodriguez, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Shutler, J. D., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tanhua, T., Tans, P. P., Tian, X., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., Walker, A. P., Wanninkhof, R., Whitehead, C., Willstrand Wranne, A., Wright, R., Yuan, W., Yue, C., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., and Zheng, B.
Published: 2022

27. Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project (RECCAP-2)

Author: Ciais, P., Bastos, A., Chevallier, F., Lauerwald, R., Poulter, B., Canadell, P., Hugelius, G., Jackson, R.B., Jain, A., Jones, M., Kondo, M., Luijkx, I., Patra, P.K., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Petrescu, A., Piao, S., Qiu, C., Von Randow, C., Regnier, P., Saunois, M., Scholes, R., Shvidenko, A., Tian, H., Yang, H., Wang, X., Zheng, B., Ciais, P., Bastos, A., Chevallier, F., Lauerwald, R., Poulter, B., Canadell, P., Hugelius, G., Jackson, R.B., Jain, A., Jones, M., Kondo, M., Luijkx, I., Patra, P.K., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Petrescu, A., Piao, S., Qiu, C., Von Randow, C., Regnier, P., Saunois, M., Scholes, R., Shvidenko, A., Tian, H., Yang, H., Wang, X., and Zheng, B.
Abstract: Regional land carbon budgets provide insights on the spatial distribution of the land uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and can be used to evaluate carbon cycle models and to define baselines for land-based additional mitigation efforts. The scientific community has been involved in providing observation-based estimates of regional carbon budgets either by downscaling atmospheric CO2 observations into surface fluxes with atmospheric inversions, by using inventories of carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems, by upscaling local field observations such as flux towers with gridded climate and remote sensing fields or by integrating data-driven or process-oriented terrestrial carbon cycle models. The first coordinated attempt to collect regional carbon budgets for nine regions covering the entire globe in the RECCAP-1 project has delivered estimates for the decade 2000–2009, but these budgets were not comparable between regions, due to different definitions and component fluxes reported or omitted. The recent recognition of lateral fluxes of carbon by human activities and rivers, that connect CO2 uptake in one area with its release in another also requires better definition and protocols to reach harmonized regional budgets that can be summed up to the globe and compared with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and inversion results. In this study, for the international initiative RECCAP-2 coordinated by the Global Carbon Project, which aims as an update of regional carbon budgets over the last two decades based on observations, for 10 regions covering the globe, with a better harmonization that the precursor project, we provide recommendations for using atmospheric inversions results to match bottom-up carbon accounting and models, and we define the different component fluxes of the net land atmosphere carbon exchange that should be reported by each research group in charge of each region. Special attention is given to lateral fluxes, inland water fluxes and lan
Published: 2022

28. Greenhouse gas exchange in the Amazon region : carbon dioxide and methane insights from the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO)

Author: Peters, W., Gerbig, C., Botía Bocanegra, Santiago, Peters, W., Gerbig, C., and Botía Bocanegra, Santiago
Published: 2022

29. Amazonewoud: van CO₂-spons naar CO₂-bronaatactie : De natuurwetenschappelijke basis

Author: Peters, W. and Peters, W.
Abstract: De temperatuurstijging in het Amazonegebied gaat veel sneller dan in de rest van de wereld. En door extreme droogte en menselijke activiteit stoot het regenwoud meer CO₂ uit dan dat het opneemt, blijkt uit onderzoek van de Wageningse klimaatonderzoeker Wouter Peters. Het zijn bevindingen die hem zorgen baren.
Published: 2022

30. Data for the consolidated European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for EU27 and UK: 1990-2020

Author: McGrath, M., Petrescu, A., Peylin, P., Andrew, R., Matthews, B., Dentener, F., Balkovič, J., Bastrikov, V., Becker, M., Broquet, G., Ciais, P., Fortems, A., Ganzenmüller, R., Grassi, G., Harris, I., Jones, M., Knauer, J., Kuhnert, M., Monteil, G., Munassar, S., Palmer, P., Peters, G., Qiu, C., Schelhaas, M.-J., Tarasova, O., Vizzarri, M., Winkler, K., Balsamo, G., Berchet, A., Briggs, P., Brockmann, P., Chevallier, F., Conchedda, G., Crippa, M., Dellaert, S., Denier van der Gon, H., Filipek, S., Friedlingstein, P., Fuchs, R., Gauss, M., Gerbig, C., Guizzardi, D., Günther, D., Houghton, R., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Lauerwald, R., Lerink, B., Luijkx, I., Moulas, G., Muntean, M., Nabuurs, G.-J., Paquirissamy, A., Perugini, L., Peters, W., Pilli, R., Pongratz, J., Regnier, P., Scholze, M., Serengil, Y., Smith, P., Solazzo, E., Thompson, R., Tubiello, F., Vesala, T., Walther, S., McGrath, M., Petrescu, A., Peylin, P., Andrew, R., Matthews, B., Dentener, F., Balkovič, J., Bastrikov, V., Becker, M., Broquet, G., Ciais, P., Fortems, A., Ganzenmüller, R., Grassi, G., Harris, I., Jones, M., Knauer, J., Kuhnert, M., Monteil, G., Munassar, S., Palmer, P., Peters, G., Qiu, C., Schelhaas, M.-J., Tarasova, O., Vizzarri, M., Winkler, K., Balsamo, G., Berchet, A., Briggs, P., Brockmann, P., Chevallier, F., Conchedda, G., Crippa, M., Dellaert, S., Denier van der Gon, H., Filipek, S., Friedlingstein, P., Fuchs, R., Gauss, M., Gerbig, C., Guizzardi, D., Günther, D., Houghton, R., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Lauerwald, R., Lerink, B., Luijkx, I., Moulas, G., Muntean, M., Nabuurs, G.-J., Paquirissamy, A., Perugini, L., Peters, W., Pilli, R., Pongratz, J., Regnier, P., Scholze, M., Serengil, Y., Smith, P., Solazzo, E., Thompson, R., Tubiello, F., Vesala, T., and Walther, S.
Abstract: The annual carbon dioxide fluxes used to create all graphs in the main text of McGrath et al, "European synthesis of CO2 emissions and removals for EU27 and UK: 1990-2020", submitted to Earth System Science Data.
Published: 2022

31. Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project (RECCAP-2)

Author: Ciais, P., Bastos, A., Chevallier, F., Lauerwald, R., Poulter, B., Canadell, P., Hugelius, G., Jackson, R.B., Jain, A., Jones, M., Kondo, M., Luijkx, I., Patra, P.K., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Petrescu, A., Piao, S., Qiu, C., Von Randow, C., Regnier, P., Saunois, M., Scholes, R., Shvidenko, A., Tian, H., Yang, H., Wang, X., Zheng, B., Ciais, P., Bastos, A., Chevallier, F., Lauerwald, R., Poulter, B., Canadell, P., Hugelius, G., Jackson, R.B., Jain, A., Jones, M., Kondo, M., Luijkx, I., Patra, P.K., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Petrescu, A., Piao, S., Qiu, C., Von Randow, C., Regnier, P., Saunois, M., Scholes, R., Shvidenko, A., Tian, H., Yang, H., Wang, X., and Zheng, B.
Abstract: Regional land carbon budgets provide insights on the spatial distribution of the land uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and can be used to evaluate carbon cycle models and to define baselines for land-based additional mitigation efforts. The scientific community has been involved in providing observation-based estimates of regional carbon budgets either by downscaling atmospheric CO2 observations into surface fluxes with atmospheric inversions, by using inventories of carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems, by upscaling local field observations such as flux towers with gridded climate and remote sensing fields or by integrating data-driven or process-oriented terrestrial carbon cycle models. The first coordinated attempt to collect regional carbon budgets for nine regions covering the entire globe in the RECCAP-1 project has delivered estimates for the decade 2000–2009, but these budgets were not comparable between regions, due to different definitions and component fluxes reported or omitted. The recent recognition of lateral fluxes of carbon by human activities and rivers, that connect CO2 uptake in one area with its release in another also requires better definition and protocols to reach harmonized regional budgets that can be summed up to the globe and compared with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and inversion results. In this study, for the international initiative RECCAP-2 coordinated by the Global Carbon Project, which aims as an update of regional carbon budgets over the last two decades based on observations, for 10 regions covering the globe, with a better harmonization that the precursor project, we provide recommendations for using atmospheric inversions results to match bottom-up carbon accounting and models, and we define the different component fluxes of the net land atmosphere carbon exchange that should be reported by each research group in charge of each region. Special attention is given to lateral fluxes, inland water fluxes and lan
Published: 2022

32. On the Treatment of Soil Water Stress in GCM Simulations of Vegetation Physiology

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos, Universidad de Sevilla. AGR278: Smart Biosystems Laboratory, Egea Cegarra, Gregorio, Todt, M., Peters, W, Müller, O., Balan-Sarojini, B., Verhoef, A., Vidale, P. L., McGuire, P. C., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos, Universidad de Sevilla. AGR278: Smart Biosystems Laboratory, Egea Cegarra, Gregorio, Todt, M., Peters, W, Müller, O., Balan-Sarojini, B., Verhoef, A., Vidale, P. L., and McGuire, P. C.
Published: 2021

33. On the Treatment of Soil Water Stress in GCM Simulations of Vegetation Physiology

Author: Vidale, P.L., Egea, G., McGuire, P.C., Todt, M., Peters, W., Müller, O., Balan-Sarojini, B., Verhoef, A., Vidale, P.L., Egea, G., McGuire, P.C., Todt, M., Peters, W., Müller, O., Balan-Sarojini, B., and Verhoef, A.
Published: 2021

34. Arecibo-Green Bank-LOFAR Carbon Radio Recombination Line observations toward cold HI Clouds

Author: Roshi, D. Anish, Peters, W. M., Emig, K. L., Salas, P., Oonk, J. B. R., Lebrón, M. E., Dickey, J. M., Roshi, D. Anish, Peters, W. M., Emig, K. L., Salas, P., Oonk, J. B. R., Lebrón, M. E., and Dickey, J. M.
Abstract: We present results from a search for radio recombination lines in three HI self-absorbing (HISA) clouds at 750 MHz and 321 MHz with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT), and in three Galactic Plane positions at 327 MHz with the Arecibo Telescope. We detect Carbon Recombination Lines (CRRLs) in the direction of DR4 and DR21, as well as in the galactic plane position G34.94+0.0. We additionally detect Hydrogen Recombination Lines (HRRLs) in emission in five of the six sightlines, and a Helium line at 750 MHz towards DR21. Combining our new data with 150 MHz LOFAR detections of CRRL absorption towards DR4 and DR21, we estimate the electron densities of the line forming regions by modeling the line width as a function of frequency. The estimated densities are in the range 1.4 $\rightarrow$ 6.5 cm$^{-3}$ towards DR4, for electron temperatures 200 $\rightarrow$ 20 K. A dual line forming region with densities between 3.5 $\rightarrow$ 24 cm$^{-3}$ and 0.008 $\rightarrow$ 0.3 cm$^{-3}$ could plausibly explain the observed line width as a function of frequency on the DR21 sightline. The central velocities of the CRRLs compare well with CO emission and HISA lines in these directions. The cloud densities estimated from the CO lines are smaller (at least a factor of 5) than those of the CRRL forming regions. It is likely that the CRRL forming and HI self-absorbing gas is located in a denser, shocked region either at the boundary of or within the CO emitting cloud., Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, to appear in ApJ
Published: 2021

35. Thermal radio absorption as a tracer of the interaction of SNRs with their environments

Author: Castelletti, G., Supan, L., Peters, W. M., Kassim, N. E., Castelletti, G., Supan, L., Peters, W. M., and Kassim, N. E.
Abstract: We present new images and continuum spectral analysis for 14 resolved Galactic SNRs selected from the 74 MHz Very Large Array Low-Frequency Sky Survey Redux (VLSSr). We combine new integrated measurements from the VLSSr with flux densities extracted from the GLEAM and measurements from the literature to generate improved continuum spectra. We combine the VLSSr images with publicly available images at 1.4 GHz, to analyse the resolved morphology and spectral index distribution across each SNR. Three of the SNRs, Kepler, G28.6-0.1, and Tycho, have integrated spectra which can be adequately fit with simple power laws. The resolved spectral index map for Tycho confirms internal absorption which was previously detected by the LOFAR, but it is insufficient to affect the fit to the integrated spectrum. For the pulsar wind nebulae G21.5-0.9 and 3C58 we identify high-frequency spectral breaks at 38 and 12 GHz, respectively. A low frequency spectral turnover adequately fits the data of the remaining nine SNRs. For Kes 67, Kes 69, Kes75, and 3C397, we attribute the absorption to ionised gas along the line of sight, possibly from extended HII region envelopes. For W41 the absorption can be attributed to HII regions located in its immediate proximity. Thermal absorption from interactions at the ionised interface between SNR forward shocks and the surrounding medium were previously identified as responsible for the low frequency turnover in SNR 3C391; our integrated spectrum is consistent with the previous results. We present evidence for the same phenomenon in three additional SNRs, Kes73, W49B, and 3C396, and derive constraints on the physical properties of the interaction. This result indicates that interactions between SNRs and their environs should be readily detectable through thermal absorption by future low frequency observations of SNRs with improved sensitivity and resolution., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (on August 14th 2021), 29 pages, 8 figures (the quality of the figures has been degraded), 17 tables
Published: 2021
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36. A repeating fast radio burst source in a globular cluster

Author: Kirsten, F., Marcote, B., Nimmo, K., Hessels, J. W. T., Bhardwaj, M., Tendulkar, S. P., Keimpema, A., Yang, J., Snelders, M. P., Scholz, P., Pearlman, A. B., Law, C. J., Peters, W. M., Giroletti, M., Paragi, Z., Bassa, C., Hewitt, D. M., Bach, U., Bezrukovs, V., Burgay, M., Buttaccio, S. T., Conway, J. E., Corongiu, A., Feiler, R., Forssén, O., Gawroński, M. P., Karuppusamy, R., Kharinov, M. A., Lindqvist, M., Maccaferri, G., Melnikov, A., Ould-Boukattine, O. S., Possenti, A., Surcis, G., Wang, N., Yuan, J., Aggarwal, K., Anna-Thomas, R., Bower, G. C., Blaauw, R., Burke-Spolaor, S., Cassanelli, T., Clarke, T. E., Fonseca, E., Gaensler, B. M., Gopinath, A., Kaspi, V. M., Kassim, N., Lazio, T. J. W., Leung, C., Li, D. Z., Lin, H. H., Masui, K. W., Mckinven, R., Michilli, D., Mikhailov, A., Ng, C., Orbidans, A., Pen, U. L., Petroff, E., Rahman, M., Ransom, S. M., Shin, K., Smith, K. M., Stairs, I. H., Vlemmings, W., Kirsten, F., Marcote, B., Nimmo, K., Hessels, J. W. T., Bhardwaj, M., Tendulkar, S. P., Keimpema, A., Yang, J., Snelders, M. P., Scholz, P., Pearlman, A. B., Law, C. J., Peters, W. M., Giroletti, M., Paragi, Z., Bassa, C., Hewitt, D. M., Bach, U., Bezrukovs, V., Burgay, M., Buttaccio, S. T., Conway, J. E., Corongiu, A., Feiler, R., Forssén, O., Gawroński, M. P., Karuppusamy, R., Kharinov, M. A., Lindqvist, M., Maccaferri, G., Melnikov, A., Ould-Boukattine, O. S., Possenti, A., Surcis, G., Wang, N., Yuan, J., Aggarwal, K., Anna-Thomas, R., Bower, G. C., Blaauw, R., Burke-Spolaor, S., Cassanelli, T., Clarke, T. E., Fonseca, E., Gaensler, B. M., Gopinath, A., Kaspi, V. M., Kassim, N., Lazio, T. J. W., Leung, C., Li, D. Z., Lin, H. H., Masui, K. W., Mckinven, R., Michilli, D., Mikhailov, A., Ng, C., Orbidans, A., Pen, U. L., Petroff, E., Rahman, M., Ransom, S. M., Shin, K., Smith, K. M., Stairs, I. H., and Vlemmings, W.
Abstract: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are exceptionally luminous flashes of unknown physical origin, reaching us from other galaxies (Petroff et al. 2019). Most FRBs have only ever been seen once, while others flash repeatedly, though sporadically (Spitler et al. 2016, CHIME/FRB Collaboration et al. 2021). Many models invoke magnetically powered neutron stars (magnetars) as the engines producing FRB emission (Margalit & Metzger 2018, CHIME/FRB Collaboration et al. 2020). Recently, CHIME/FRB announced the discovery (Bhardwaj et al. 2021) of the repeating FRB 20200120E, coming from the direction of the nearby grand design spiral galaxy M81. Four potential counterparts at other observing wavelengths were identified (Bhardwaj et al. 2021) but no definitive association with these sources, or M81, could be made. Here we report an extremely precise localisation of FRB 20200120E, which allows us to associate it with a globular cluster (GC) in the M81 galactic system and to place it ~2pc offset from the optical center of light of the GC. This confirms (Bhardwaj et al. 2021) that FRB 20200120E is 40 times closer than any other known extragalactic FRB. Because such GCs host old stellar populations, this association strongly challenges FRB models that invoke young magnetars formed in a core-collapse supernova as powering FRB emission. We propose, instead, that FRB 20200120E is a highly magnetised neutron star formed via either accretion-induced collapse of a white dwarf or via merger of compact stars in a binary system (Margalit et al. 2019). Alternative scenarios involving compact binary systems, efficiently formed inside globular clusters, could also be responsible for the observed bursts., Comment: Submitted. Comments welcome
Published: 2021
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37. Two Extreme Steep-Spectrum, Polarized Radio Sources Towards the Galactic Bulge

Author: Hyman, S. D., Frail, D. A., Deneva, J. S., Kassim, N. E., Giacintucci, S., Kooi, J. E., Lazio, T. J. W., Joyner, I., Peters, W. M., Gajjar, V., Siemion, A. P. V., Hyman, S. D., Frail, D. A., Deneva, J. S., Kassim, N. E., Giacintucci, S., Kooi, J. E., Lazio, T. J. W., Joyner, I., Peters, W. M., Gajjar, V., and Siemion, A. P. V.
Abstract: From an on-going survey of the Galactic bulge, we have discovered a number of compact, steep spectrum radio sources. In this present study we have carried out more detailed observations for two of these sources, located 43 arcmin and 12.7 deg from the Galactic Center. Both sources have a very steep spectrum (alpha ~ -3) and are compact, with upper limits on the angular size of 1-2 arcsec. Their flux densities appear to be relatively steady on timescales of years, months, and hours, with no indications of rapid variability or transient behavior. We detect significant circularly polarized emission from both sources, but only weak or upper limits on linear polarization. Neither source has a counterpart at other wavelengths and deep, high-frequency searches fail to find pulsations. We compare their source properties with other known compact, non-thermal source populations in the bulge (e.g. X-ray binaries, magnetars, the Burper, cataclysmic variables). Our existing data support the hypothesis that they are scatter broadened millisecond or recycled pulsars, either at the bulge or along the line of sight. We also consider the possibility that they may be a new population of Galactic radio sources which share similar properties as pulsars but lack pulsations; a hypothesis that can be tested by future large-scale synoptic surveys., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2021
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38. A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Trauma-Informed Care Within Outpatient and Counseling Health Settings for Young People

Author: Bendall, S, Eastwood, O, Cox, G, Farrelly-Rosch, A, Nicoll, H, Peters, W, Bailey, AP, McGorry, PD, Scanlan, F, Bendall, S, Eastwood, O, Cox, G, Farrelly-Rosch, A, Nicoll, H, Peters, W, Bailey, AP, McGorry, PD, and Scanlan, F
Abstract: There is growing consensus that outpatient health services for young people (aged 12-25 years) need to deliver trauma-informed care to ameliorate the effects of trauma, offer safe treatments, and avoid retraumatization. Trauma-informed care has become a familiar term for many professionals; however, its operating definition lacks clarity. MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO were systematically searched to clarify what trauma-informed care is, and what it should achieve in these settings. We reviewed 3,381 unique records, of which 13 met criteria for inclusion. Content analysis identified 10 components of trauma-informed care as it has been operationalized in practice: seven of these occurred at the system-level (interagency collaboration; service provider training; safety; leadership, governance and agency processes; youth and family/carer choice in care; cultural and gender sensitivity; youth and family/carer participation), and three involved trauma-specific clinical practices (screening and assessment; psychoeducation; therapeutic interventions). There is a need for greater consensus regarding an operating definition of trauma-informed care and further research into outcomes for young people and their families/carers.
Published: 2021

39. 'Like a huge weight lifted off my shoulders': Exploring young peoples' experiences of treatment in a pilot trial of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy

Author: Eastwood, O, Peters, W, Cohen, J, Murray, L, Rice, S, Alvarez-Jimenez, M, Bendall, S, Eastwood, O, Peters, W, Cohen, J, Murray, L, Rice, S, Alvarez-Jimenez, M, and Bendall, S
Abstract: Background: The efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is well-established, yet little work has been done to understand how young people experience this intervention.Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 young people aged 17-25 years (M = 20.0, SD = 2.61) who received TF-CBT as part of a pilot trial. Transcripts were analyzed via interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results: Four super-ordinate themes were identified: (i) experience of authentic care, (ii) personal role in therapy and recovery, (iii) talking about trauma is difficult but important, and (iv), transformative change. Young people described authenticity on behalf of the therapist, which seemed to foster emotional connection and comfort discussing trauma. They emphasized the importance of retaining autonomy and control during therapy, and a degree of personal responsibility in their recovery. Talking about trauma was described as difficult and potentially distressing, but also as critical for recovery. Transformative life changes were noted, which had a significant impact on young peoples' future outlook and self-perception.Conclusions: This study suggests that therapists should be attuned to the interpersonal needs of clients, attempt to foster self-determination throughout therapy, and simultaneously recognize the difficulty and importance of trauma work for young people when delivering TF-CBT.
Published: 2021

40. Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for Interpersonal Trauma in Transitional-Aged Youth

Author: Peters, W, Rice, S, Cohen, J, Murray, L, Schley, C, Alvarez-Jimenez, M, Bendall, S, Peters, W, Rice, S, Cohen, J, Murray, L, Schley, C, Alvarez-Jimenez, M, and Bendall, S
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following interpersonal trauma in transitional-aged youth (TAY), aged 15 to 25, is highly prevalent; however, evidence-based interventions have rarely been studied. METHOD: A single-group pre-/posttest study was conducted at headspace Sunshine, Melbourne, Australia, evaluating the feasibility, acceptability, safety, tolerability, and potential clinical effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT). RESULTS: An intent-to-treat analysis was conducted for N = 20 participants (65% female, n = 13) who attended a mean of 15 TF-CBT sessions over 25 weeks. At the end of treatment, only 1 of the 16 participants with a baseline PTSD diagnosis still met diagnostic criteria. Significant improvements were also noted for self-report measures of PTSD (d = -.83), anxiety (d = -.74), and depression (d = -.76). A minority of participants reported a brief exacerbation in symptoms of PTSD (n = 8) and anxiety and depression (n = 5) during stabilization and directly before and/or after the trauma-narration phase. However, all symptoms resolved at the end of treatment. The majority of participants (85%, n = 17) rated the intervention as helpful. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the expected temporary symptom exacerbation, the results indicated that TF-CBT was safe, tolerable, and acceptable. Transitional-aged youth is an emerging area of research. With limited research available on this age group to inform evidence-based practice, it is recommended that a randomized controlled trial is conducted to determine if TF-CBT (Cohen et al., 2017) can be effectively translated to this underresearched age group. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2021

41. Improving estimates of the atmospheric oxidative capacity and Amazon fire emissions

Author: Krol, M.C., Peters, W., Montzka, S.A., Naus, Stijn, Krol, M.C., Peters, W., Montzka, S.A., and Naus, Stijn
Abstract: The composition of the air outside, the atmosphere, is the end-result of complex chemistry, dynamical transport and emissions of gases. Anthropogenic activity contributes to a rapidly changing composition of the atmosphere, often with adverse effects: air quality issues, global warming and depletion of stratospheric ozone are some of the most complex and impactful problems that society must face. Many gases are removed from the atmosphere through the process of oxidation and the atmosphere’s primary oxidant is the hydroxyl radical (OH). Gases removed by OH include the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4) and urban pollutants such as CO and NOX. Therefore, the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere, as determined by the "cleansing-agent” OH, is an important quantity that is central to this thesis.Since OH is very reactive, it has an atmospheric lifetime of seconds and a low atmospheric abundance. This makes it difficult to measure OH concentrations directly and impossible to extrapolate those measurements to larger scales. Consequently, despite the importance and omnipresence of OH, there are still open questions concerning its distribution around the globe and how this distribution has varied over past decades. For example, we know that OH concentrations are highest in the tropics, but the degree of hemispheric symmetry is uncertain. Such uncertainties limit our ability to interpret atmospheric budgets of a variety of pollutants, such as that of CH4.In Chapters 2 and 3, we investigate indirect observational constraints on the atmospheric oxidative capacity using the trace gas methyl chloroform (MCF). MCF is an anthropogenically produced gas, that was used mainly as a solvent in paints and degreasers. The production of MCF was phased out in the Montreal protocol and subsequent amendments (1987-1999), because its emissions harm the stratospheric ozone layer. Fortuitously, MCF is removed from the atmosphere mainly through oxidation by OH, resulting in an atmospheric lifet
Published: 2021

42. Arecibo-Green Bank-LOFAR Carbon Radio Recombination Line observations toward cold HI Clouds

Author: Roshi, D. Anish, Peters, W. M., Emig, K. L., Salas, P., Oonk, J. B. R., Lebrón, M. E., Dickey, J. M., Roshi, D. Anish, Peters, W. M., Emig, K. L., Salas, P., Oonk, J. B. R., Lebrón, M. E., and Dickey, J. M.
Abstract: We present results from a search for radio recombination lines in three HI self-absorbing (HISA) clouds at 750 MHz and 321 MHz with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT), and in three Galactic Plane positions at 327 MHz with the Arecibo Telescope. We detect Carbon Recombination Lines (CRRLs) in the direction of DR4 and DR21, as well as in the galactic plane position G34.94+0.0. We additionally detect Hydrogen Recombination Lines (HRRLs) in emission in five of the six sightlines, and a Helium line at 750 MHz towards DR21. Combining our new data with 150 MHz LOFAR detections of CRRL absorption towards DR4 and DR21, we estimate the electron densities of the line forming regions by modeling the line width as a function of frequency. The estimated densities are in the range 1.4 $\rightarrow$ 6.5 cm$^{-3}$ towards DR4, for electron temperatures 200 $\rightarrow$ 20 K. A dual line forming region with densities between 3.5 $\rightarrow$ 24 cm$^{-3}$ and 0.008 $\rightarrow$ 0.3 cm$^{-3}$ could plausibly explain the observed line width as a function of frequency on the DR21 sightline. The central velocities of the CRRLs compare well with CO emission and HISA lines in these directions. The cloud densities estimated from the CO lines are smaller (at least a factor of 5) than those of the CRRL forming regions. It is likely that the CRRL forming and HI self-absorbing gas is located in a denser, shocked region either at the boundary of or within the CO emitting cloud., Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, to appear in ApJ
Published: 2021

43. Thermal radio absorption as a tracer of the interaction of SNRs with their environments

Author: Castelletti, G., Supan, L., Peters, W. M., Kassim, N. E., Castelletti, G., Supan, L., Peters, W. M., and Kassim, N. E.
Abstract: We present new images and continuum spectral analysis for 14 resolved Galactic SNRs selected from the 74 MHz Very Large Array Low-Frequency Sky Survey Redux (VLSSr). We combine new integrated measurements from the VLSSr with flux densities extracted from the GLEAM and measurements from the literature to generate improved continuum spectra. We combine the VLSSr images with publicly available images at 1.4 GHz, to analyse the resolved morphology and spectral index distribution across each SNR. Three of the SNRs, Kepler, G28.6-0.1, and Tycho, have integrated spectra which can be adequately fit with simple power laws. The resolved spectral index map for Tycho confirms internal absorption which was previously detected by the LOFAR, but it is insufficient to affect the fit to the integrated spectrum. For the pulsar wind nebulae G21.5-0.9 and 3C58 we identify high-frequency spectral breaks at 38 and 12 GHz, respectively. A low frequency spectral turnover adequately fits the data of the remaining nine SNRs. For Kes 67, Kes 69, Kes75, and 3C397, we attribute the absorption to ionised gas along the line of sight, possibly from extended HII region envelopes. For W41 the absorption can be attributed to HII regions located in its immediate proximity. Thermal absorption from interactions at the ionised interface between SNR forward shocks and the surrounding medium were previously identified as responsible for the low frequency turnover in SNR 3C391; our integrated spectrum is consistent with the previous results. We present evidence for the same phenomenon in three additional SNRs, Kes73, W49B, and 3C396, and derive constraints on the physical properties of the interaction. This result indicates that interactions between SNRs and their environs should be readily detectable through thermal absorption by future low frequency observations of SNRs with improved sensitivity and resolution., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (on August 14th 2021), 29 pages, 8 figures (the quality of the figures has been degraded), 17 tables
Published: 2021
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44. A repeating fast radio burst source in a globular cluster

Author: Kirsten, F., Marcote, B., Nimmo, K., Hessels, J. W. T., Bhardwaj, M., Tendulkar, S. P., Keimpema, A., Yang, J., Snelders, M. P., Scholz, P., Pearlman, A. B., Law, C. J., Peters, W. M., Giroletti, M., Paragi, Z., Bassa, C., Hewitt, D. M., Bach, U., Bezrukovs, V., Burgay, M., Buttaccio, S. T., Conway, J. E., Corongiu, A., Feiler, R., Forssén, O., Gawroński, M. P., Karuppusamy, R., Kharinov, M. A., Lindqvist, M., Maccaferri, G., Melnikov, A., Ould-Boukattine, O. S., Possenti, A., Surcis, G., Wang, N., Yuan, J., Aggarwal, K., Anna-Thomas, R., Bower, G. C., Blaauw, R., Burke-Spolaor, S., Cassanelli, T., Clarke, T. E., Fonseca, E., Gaensler, B. M., Gopinath, A., Kaspi, V. M., Kassim, N., Lazio, T. J. W., Leung, C., Li, D. Z., Lin, H. H., Masui, K. W., Mckinven, R., Michilli, D., Mikhailov, A., Ng, C., Orbidans, A., Pen, U. L., Petroff, E., Rahman, M., Ransom, S. M., Shin, K., Smith, K. M., Stairs, I. H., Vlemmings, W., Kirsten, F., Marcote, B., Nimmo, K., Hessels, J. W. T., Bhardwaj, M., Tendulkar, S. P., Keimpema, A., Yang, J., Snelders, M. P., Scholz, P., Pearlman, A. B., Law, C. J., Peters, W. M., Giroletti, M., Paragi, Z., Bassa, C., Hewitt, D. M., Bach, U., Bezrukovs, V., Burgay, M., Buttaccio, S. T., Conway, J. E., Corongiu, A., Feiler, R., Forssén, O., Gawroński, M. P., Karuppusamy, R., Kharinov, M. A., Lindqvist, M., Maccaferri, G., Melnikov, A., Ould-Boukattine, O. S., Possenti, A., Surcis, G., Wang, N., Yuan, J., Aggarwal, K., Anna-Thomas, R., Bower, G. C., Blaauw, R., Burke-Spolaor, S., Cassanelli, T., Clarke, T. E., Fonseca, E., Gaensler, B. M., Gopinath, A., Kaspi, V. M., Kassim, N., Lazio, T. J. W., Leung, C., Li, D. Z., Lin, H. H., Masui, K. W., Mckinven, R., Michilli, D., Mikhailov, A., Ng, C., Orbidans, A., Pen, U. L., Petroff, E., Rahman, M., Ransom, S. M., Shin, K., Smith, K. M., Stairs, I. H., and Vlemmings, W.
Abstract: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are exceptionally luminous flashes of unknown physical origin, reaching us from other galaxies (Petroff et al. 2019). Most FRBs have only ever been seen once, while others flash repeatedly, though sporadically (Spitler et al. 2016, CHIME/FRB Collaboration et al. 2021). Many models invoke magnetically powered neutron stars (magnetars) as the engines producing FRB emission (Margalit & Metzger 2018, CHIME/FRB Collaboration et al. 2020). Recently, CHIME/FRB announced the discovery (Bhardwaj et al. 2021) of the repeating FRB 20200120E, coming from the direction of the nearby grand design spiral galaxy M81. Four potential counterparts at other observing wavelengths were identified (Bhardwaj et al. 2021) but no definitive association with these sources, or M81, could be made. Here we report an extremely precise localisation of FRB 20200120E, which allows us to associate it with a globular cluster (GC) in the M81 galactic system and to place it ~2pc offset from the optical center of light of the GC. This confirms (Bhardwaj et al. 2021) that FRB 20200120E is 40 times closer than any other known extragalactic FRB. Because such GCs host old stellar populations, this association strongly challenges FRB models that invoke young magnetars formed in a core-collapse supernova as powering FRB emission. We propose, instead, that FRB 20200120E is a highly magnetised neutron star formed via either accretion-induced collapse of a white dwarf or via merger of compact stars in a binary system (Margalit et al. 2019). Alternative scenarios involving compact binary systems, efficiently formed inside globular clusters, could also be responsible for the observed bursts., Comment: Submitted. Comments welcome
Published: 2021
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45. Two Extreme Steep-Spectrum, Polarized Radio Sources Towards the Galactic Bulge

Author: Hyman, S. D., Frail, D. A., Deneva, J. S., Kassim, N. E., Giacintucci, S., Kooi, J. E., Lazio, T. J. W., Joyner, I., Peters, W. M., Gajjar, V., Siemion, A. P. V., Hyman, S. D., Frail, D. A., Deneva, J. S., Kassim, N. E., Giacintucci, S., Kooi, J. E., Lazio, T. J. W., Joyner, I., Peters, W. M., Gajjar, V., and Siemion, A. P. V.
Abstract: From an on-going survey of the Galactic bulge, we have discovered a number of compact, steep spectrum radio sources. In this present study we have carried out more detailed observations for two of these sources, located 43 arcmin and 12.7 deg from the Galactic Center. Both sources have a very steep spectrum (alpha ~ -3) and are compact, with upper limits on the angular size of 1-2 arcsec. Their flux densities appear to be relatively steady on timescales of years, months, and hours, with no indications of rapid variability or transient behavior. We detect significant circularly polarized emission from both sources, but only weak or upper limits on linear polarization. Neither source has a counterpart at other wavelengths and deep, high-frequency searches fail to find pulsations. We compare their source properties with other known compact, non-thermal source populations in the bulge (e.g. X-ray binaries, magnetars, the Burper, cataclysmic variables). Our existing data support the hypothesis that they are scatter broadened millisecond or recycled pulsars, either at the bulge or along the line of sight. We also consider the possibility that they may be a new population of Galactic radio sources which share similar properties as pulsars but lack pulsations; a hypothesis that can be tested by future large-scale synoptic surveys., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Published: 2021
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46. A Spitzer survey of Deep Drilling Fields to be targeted by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time

Author: Lacy, M., Surace, J. A., Farrah, D., Nyland, K., Afonso, J., Brandt, W. N., Clements, D. L., Lagos, C. D. P., Maraston, C., Pforr, J., Sajina, A., Sako, M., Vaccari, M., Wilson, G., Ballantyne, D. R., Barkhouse, W. A., Brunner, R., Cane, R., Clarke, T. E., Cooper, M., Cooray, A., Covone, G., D'Andrea, C., Evrard, A. E., Ferguson, H. C., Frieman, J., Gonzalez-Perez, Abel, Gupta, R., Hatziminaoglou, E., Huang, J., Jagannathan, P., Jarvis, M. J., Jones, K. M., Kimball, A., Lidman, C., Lubin, L., Marchetti, L., Martini, P., McMahon, R. G., Mei, S., Messias, H., Murphy, E. J., Newman, J. A., Nichol, R., Norris, R. P., Oliver, S., Perez-Fournon, I., Peters, W. M., Pierre, M., Polisensky, E., Richards, G. T., Ridgway, S. E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Seymour, N., Shirley, R., Somerville, R., Strauss, M. A., Suntzeff, N., Thorman, P. A., van Kampen, E., Verma, A., Wechsler, R., Wood-Vasey, W. M., Lacy, M., Surace, J. A., Farrah, D., Nyland, K., Afonso, J., Brandt, W. N., Clements, D. L., Lagos, C. D. P., Maraston, C., Pforr, J., Sajina, A., Sako, M., Vaccari, M., Wilson, G., Ballantyne, D. R., Barkhouse, W. A., Brunner, R., Cane, R., Clarke, T. E., Cooper, M., Cooray, A., Covone, G., D'Andrea, C., Evrard, A. E., Ferguson, H. C., Frieman, J., Gonzalez-Perez, Abel, Gupta, R., Hatziminaoglou, E., Huang, J., Jagannathan, P., Jarvis, M. J., Jones, K. M., Kimball, A., Lidman, C., Lubin, L., Marchetti, L., Martini, P., McMahon, R. G., Mei, S., Messias, H., Murphy, E. J., Newman, J. A., Nichol, R., Norris, R. P., Oliver, S., Perez-Fournon, I., Peters, W. M., Pierre, M., Polisensky, E., Richards, G. T., Ridgway, S. E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Seymour, N., Shirley, R., Somerville, R., Strauss, M. A., Suntzeff, N., Thorman, P. A., van Kampen, E., Verma, A., Wechsler, R., and Wood-Vasey, W. M.
Abstract: The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will observe several Deep Drilling Fields (DDFs) to a greater depth and with a more rapid cadence than the main survey. In this paper, we describe the 'DeepDrill' survey, which used the Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) to observe three of the four currently defined DDFs in two bands, centred on 3.6 and 4.5 mu m. These observations expand the area that was covered by an earlier set of observations in these three fields by the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS). The combined DeepDrill and SERVS data cover the footprints of the LSST DDFs in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (ECDFS) field, the ELAIS-S1 field (ES1), and the XMM-Large-Scale Structure Survey field (XMM-LSS). The observations reach an approximate 5s point-source depth of 2 mu Jy (corresponding to an AB magnitude of 23.1; sufficient to detect a 10(11) M-circle dot galaxy out to z approximate to 5) in each of the two bands over a total area of approximate to 29 deg(2). The dual-band catalogues contain a total of 2.35 million sources. In this paper, we describe the observations and data products from the survey, and an overview of the properties of galaxies in the survey. We compare the source counts to predictions from the SHARK semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. We also identify a population of sources with extremely red ([3.6]-[4.5] >1.2) colours which we show mostly consists of highly obscured active galactic nuclei.
Published: 2021

47. A Spitzer survey of Deep Drilling Fields to be targeted by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time

Author: Lacy, M., Surace, J. A., Farrah, D., Nyland, K., Afonso, J., Brandt, W. N., Clements, D. L., Lagos, C. D. P., Maraston, C., Pforr, J., Sajina, A., Sako, M., Vaccari, M., Wilson, G., Ballantyne, D. R., Barkhouse, W. A., Brunner, R., Cane, R., Clarke, T. E., Cooper, M., Cooray, A., Covone, G., D'Andrea, C., Evrard, A. E., Ferguson, H. C., Frieman, J., Gonzalez-Perez, Abel, Gupta, R., Hatziminaoglou, E., Huang, J., Jagannathan, P., Jarvis, M. J., Jones, K. M., Kimball, A., Lidman, C., Lubin, L., Marchetti, L., Martini, P., McMahon, R. G., Mei, S., Messias, H., Murphy, E. J., Newman, J. A., Nichol, R., Norris, R. P., Oliver, S., Perez-Fournon, I., Peters, W. M., Pierre, M., Polisensky, E., Richards, G. T., Ridgway, S. E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Seymour, N., Shirley, R., Somerville, R., Strauss, M. A., Suntzeff, N., Thorman, P. A., van Kampen, E., Verma, A., Wechsler, R., Wood-Vasey, W. M., Lacy, M., Surace, J. A., Farrah, D., Nyland, K., Afonso, J., Brandt, W. N., Clements, D. L., Lagos, C. D. P., Maraston, C., Pforr, J., Sajina, A., Sako, M., Vaccari, M., Wilson, G., Ballantyne, D. R., Barkhouse, W. A., Brunner, R., Cane, R., Clarke, T. E., Cooper, M., Cooray, A., Covone, G., D'Andrea, C., Evrard, A. E., Ferguson, H. C., Frieman, J., Gonzalez-Perez, Abel, Gupta, R., Hatziminaoglou, E., Huang, J., Jagannathan, P., Jarvis, M. J., Jones, K. M., Kimball, A., Lidman, C., Lubin, L., Marchetti, L., Martini, P., McMahon, R. G., Mei, S., Messias, H., Murphy, E. J., Newman, J. A., Nichol, R., Norris, R. P., Oliver, S., Perez-Fournon, I., Peters, W. M., Pierre, M., Polisensky, E., Richards, G. T., Ridgway, S. E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Seymour, N., Shirley, R., Somerville, R., Strauss, M. A., Suntzeff, N., Thorman, P. A., van Kampen, E., Verma, A., Wechsler, R., and Wood-Vasey, W. M.
Abstract: The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will observe several Deep Drilling Fields (DDFs) to a greater depth and with a more rapid cadence than the main survey. In this paper, we describe the 'DeepDrill' survey, which used the Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) to observe three of the four currently defined DDFs in two bands, centred on 3.6 and 4.5 mu m. These observations expand the area that was covered by an earlier set of observations in these three fields by the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS). The combined DeepDrill and SERVS data cover the footprints of the LSST DDFs in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (ECDFS) field, the ELAIS-S1 field (ES1), and the XMM-Large-Scale Structure Survey field (XMM-LSS). The observations reach an approximate 5s point-source depth of 2 mu Jy (corresponding to an AB magnitude of 23.1; sufficient to detect a 10(11) M-circle dot galaxy out to z approximate to 5) in each of the two bands over a total area of approximate to 29 deg(2). The dual-band catalogues contain a total of 2.35 million sources. In this paper, we describe the observations and data products from the survey, and an overview of the properties of galaxies in the survey. We compare the source counts to predictions from the SHARK semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. We also identify a population of sources with extremely red ([3.6]-[4.5] >1.2) colours which we show mostly consists of highly obscured active galactic nuclei.
Published: 2021

48. Global Carbon Budget 2020

Author: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M., Andrew, R., Hauck, J., Olsen, A., Peters, G., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Le Quéré, C., Canadell, J., Ciais, P., Jackson, R., Alin, S., Aragão, L., Arneth, A., Arora, V., Bates, N., Becker, M., Benoit-Cattin, A., Bittig, H., Bopp, L., Bultan, S., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L., Evans, W., Florentie, L., Forster, P., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gilfillan, D., Gkritzalis, T., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Harris, I., Hartung, K., Haverd, V., Houghton, R., Ilyina, T., Jain, A., Joetzjer, E., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kitidis, V., Korsbakken, J., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lienert, S., Liu, Z., Lombardozzi, D., Marland, G., Metzl, N., Munro, D., Nabel, J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Skjelvan, I., Smith, A., Sutton, A., Tanhua, T., Tans, P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., van der Werf, G., Vuichard, N., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A., Willis, D., Wiltshire, A., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M., Andrew, R., Hauck, J., Olsen, A., Peters, G., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Le Quéré, C., Canadell, J., Ciais, P., Jackson, R., Alin, S., Aragão, L., Arneth, A., Arora, V., Bates, N., Becker, M., Benoit-Cattin, A., Bittig, H., Bopp, L., Bultan, S., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L., Evans, W., Florentie, L., Forster, P., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gilfillan, D., Gkritzalis, T., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Harris, I., Hartung, K., Haverd, V., Houghton, R., Ilyina, T., Jain, A., Joetzjer, E., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kitidis, V., Korsbakken, J., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lienert, S., Liu, Z., Lombardozzi, D., Marland, G., Metzl, N., Munro, D., Nabel, J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Skjelvan, I., Smith, A., Sutton, A., Tanhua, T., Tans, P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., van der Werf, G., Vuichard, N., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A., Willis, D., Wiltshire, A., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zaehle, S.
Published: 2020

49. Global Carbon Budget 2020

Author: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M., Andrew, R., Hauck, J., Olsen, A., Peters, G., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Le Quéré, C., Canadell, J., Ciais, P., Jackson, R., Alin, S., Aragão, L., Arneth, A., Arora, V., Bates, N., Becker, M., Benoit-Cattin, A., Bittig, H., Bopp, L., Bultan, S., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L., Evans, W., Florentie, L., Forster, P., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gilfillan, D., Gkritzalis, T., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Harris, I., Hartung, K., Haverd, V., Houghton, R., Ilyina, T., Jain, A., Joetzjer, E., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kitidis, V., Korsbakken, J., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lienert, S., Liu, Z., Lombardozzi, D., Marland, G., Metzl, N., Munro, D., Nabel, J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Skjelvan, I., Smith, A., Sutton, A., Tanhua, T., Tans, P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., van der Werf, G., Vuichard, N., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A., Willis, D., Wiltshire, A., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M., Andrew, R., Hauck, J., Olsen, A., Peters, G., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Le Quéré, C., Canadell, J., Ciais, P., Jackson, R., Alin, S., Aragão, L., Arneth, A., Arora, V., Bates, N., Becker, M., Benoit-Cattin, A., Bittig, H., Bopp, L., Bultan, S., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L., Evans, W., Florentie, L., Forster, P., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gilfillan, D., Gkritzalis, T., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Harris, I., Hartung, K., Haverd, V., Houghton, R., Ilyina, T., Jain, A., Joetzjer, E., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kitidis, V., Korsbakken, J., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lienert, S., Liu, Z., Lombardozzi, D., Marland, G., Metzl, N., Munro, D., Nabel, J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Skjelvan, I., Smith, A., Sutton, A., Tanhua, T., Tans, P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., van der Werf, G., Vuichard, N., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A., Willis, D., Wiltshire, A., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zaehle, S.
Published: 2020

50. Global Carbon Budget 2020

Author: Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M., Andrew, R., Hauck, J., Olsen, A., Peters, G., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Le Quéré, C., Canadell, J., Ciais, P., Jackson, R., Alin, S., Aragão, L., Arneth, A., Arora, V., Bates, N., Becker, M., Benoit-Cattin, A., Bittig, H., Bopp, L., Bultan, S., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L., Evans, W., Florentie, L., Forster, P., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gilfillan, D., Gkritzalis, T., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Harris, I., Hartung, K., Haverd, V., Houghton, R., Ilyina, T., Jain, A., Joetzjer, E., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kitidis, V., Korsbakken, J., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lienert, S., Liu, Z., Lombardozzi, D., Marland, G., Metzl, N., Munro, D., Nabel, J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Skjelvan, I., Smith, A., Sutton, A., Tanhua, T., Tans, P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., van der Werf, G., Vuichard, N., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A., Willis, D., Wiltshire, A., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M., Andrew, R., Hauck, J., Olsen, A., Peters, G., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Le Quéré, C., Canadell, J., Ciais, P., Jackson, R., Alin, S., Aragão, L., Arneth, A., Arora, V., Bates, N., Becker, M., Benoit-Cattin, A., Bittig, H., Bopp, L., Bultan, S., Chandra, N., Chevallier, F., Chini, L., Evans, W., Florentie, L., Forster, P., Gasser, T., Gehlen, M., Gilfillan, D., Gkritzalis, T., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Harris, I., Hartung, K., Haverd, V., Houghton, R., Ilyina, T., Jain, A., Joetzjer, E., Kadono, K., Kato, E., Kitidis, V., Korsbakken, J., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lienert, S., Liu, Z., Lombardozzi, D., Marland, G., Metzl, N., Munro, D., Nabel, J., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K., Ono, T., Palmer, P., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Skjelvan, I., Smith, A., Sutton, A., Tanhua, T., Tans, P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., van der Werf, G., Vuichard, N., Walker, A., Wanninkhof, R., Watson, A., Willis, D., Wiltshire, A., Yuan, W., Yue, X., and Zaehle, S.
Published: 2020

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