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Dye-sensitized/organic solar cells (DS/O-SCs) have gradually improved their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and are now being considered for commercialization. This comprehensive review focuses on a prominent class of small organic molecules called triphenylamines (TPAs), which are extensively utilized in DS/O-SCs due to their low cost and facile synthestic procedures. Specifically, we aim to explore state-of-the-art experimental strategies for synthesizing TPA derivatives as efficient sensitizers. These sensitizers have demonstrated the ability to significantly enhance the PCE of DS/O-SCs by over 10%. The insights gained from this review will contribute to advancing the rational design of TPA-based DS/O-SCs, paving the way for potential commercial applications in the near future.|Highly efficient small organic triphenylamines (TPAs) molecules used in DSCs and OSCs with their cost-effectiveness and straightforward synthesis methods.

In recent years, the dramatic increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) coupled with a decrease in the total cost of third-generation solar cells has led to a significant increase in the collaborative research efforts of academic and industrial researchers. Such interdisciplinary studies have afforded novel materials, which in many cases are now ready to be brought to the marketplace. Within this framework, the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is currently an important area of research due to their extraordinary light-harvesting properties. In particular, PSCs prepared via facile synthetic procedures, containing hole transport materials (HTMs) with versatile triphenylamine (TPA) structural cores, amenable to functionalization, have become a focus of intense global research activity. To optimize the efficiency of the solar cells to achieve efficiencies closer to rival silicon-based technology, TPA building blocks must exhibit favourable electrochemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties that can be chemically tuned in a rational manner. Although PSCs based on TPA building blocks exhibit attractive properties such as high-power efficiencies, a reduction in their synthetic costs coupled with higher stabilities and environmental considerations still need to be addressed. Considering the above, a detailed summary of the most promising compounds and current methodologies employed to overcome the remaining challenges in this field is provided. The objective of this review is to provide guidance to readers on exploring new avenues for the discovery of efficient TPA derivatives, to aid in the future development and advancement of TPA-based PSCs for commercial applications.

In recent years, the dramatic increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) coupled with a decrease in the total cost of third-generation solar cells has led to a significant increase in the collaborative research efforts of academic and industrial researchers. Such interdisciplinary studies have afforded novel materials, which in many cases are now ready to be brought to the marketplace. Within this framework, the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is currently an important area of research due to their extraordinary light-harvesting properties. In particular, PSCs prepared via facile synthetic procedures, containing hole transport materials (HTMs) with versatile triphenylamine (TPA) structural cores, amenable to functionalization, have become a focus of intense global research activity. To optimize the efficiency of the solar cells to achieve efficiencies closer to rival silicon-based technology, TPA building blocks must exhibit favourable electrochemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties that can be chemically tuned in a rational manner. Although PSCs based on TPA building blocks exhibit attractive properties such as high-power efficiencies, a reduction in their synthetic costs coupled with higher stabilities and environmental considerations still need to be addressed. Considering the above, a detailed summary of the most promising compounds and current methodologies employed to overcome the remaining challenges in this field is provided. The objective of this review is to provide guidance to readers on exploring new avenues for the discovery of efficient TPA derivatives, to aid in the future development and advancement of TPA-based PSCs for commercial applications.

A versatile synthetic methodology to access the first family of chiral verdazyl N,N′- chelate ligands is described and exemplified by N,N′-dimethyl-, N,N′-di-isopropyl- and N,N′-diphenyl oxoverdazyls bearing two isomers of the pinene-pyridine functional group. Their physical properties were probed by X-band EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations. Preliminary reactivity studies show they can act as N,N′-chelate ligands affording a chiral 1 : 1 complex (3b) with CuCl2, which was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Variable temperature EPR studies on (3b) confirm the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions between the spins of the Cu(II) ion and the verdazyl radical.

The triptycene skeleton has been used to measure (1,5) interactions between aldehyde groups, placed at both sp³ centres, and hydroxy or methoxy groups, placed at the respective ortho position on a benzene ring; HO⋯CHO interactions of 2.621–2.624 Å and MeO⋯CHO interactions of 2.528–2.584 Å were observed with the O⋯C vector making angles of 105.3–133.7° with the carbonyl bond. The lack of a competing conjugation with the framework for the electrophilic group is a favourable factor compared to the use of peri-naphthalene systems.

Crystal structures of organosulfur donor 2-(5′,6′-dihydro[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]-dithiin-2′-ylidene)-6,7-di-hydro-5H-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiepine-6,6-dimethanol (D) and its conducting salt D2I3 are described. Conductivity properties of D2I3 are also discussed.

Nous présentons la synthèse et les propriétés structurales et magnétiques de trois nouveaux composés tridimensionnels isostructuraux, synthétisés à partir des précurseurs octacyanométallates [MIV (CN)8]−4: [MIV{(μ-CN) 4MnII (H2O)2}2•4H2O]n [MIV = NbIV (1), MoIV (2), WIV (3)]. Pour le composé 1, les propriétés magnétiques montrent l'existence d'une phase ferrimagnétique en dessous de 50 K. Par contre, les propriétés magnétiques de 2 et 3 correspondent à celles de deux ions MnII magnétiquement isolés. La seule différence électronique dans les deux types des composés est la présence de deux électrons appariés dans les ions MoIV (2) et WIV (3) (configuration électronique d2, S = 0) ce qui rend impossible une interaction d'échange avec le spin des ions MnII voisins (configuration électronique d5, S = 5/2) et d'un électron célibataire dans l'ion NbIV (1) (d1, S = 1/2) qui donne naissance à des interactions d'échange antiferromagnétiques NbIV–MnII et à l'apparition d'un ordre magnétique tridimensionnel sous la température de Curie. Ces trois composés montrent comment un électron célibataire, stratégiquement situé, peut changer de façon dramatique les propriétés magnétiques des composés par ailleurs isostructuraux., We report the synthesis, the single-crystal X-ray crystallographic structures and the magnetic properties of three new isostructural cyanido-bridged networks: [MIV{(μ-CN) 4MnII (H2O)2}2•4H2O]n [MIV = NbIV (1), MoIV (2), WIV (3)]. For compound 1, the magnetic properties reveal a ferrimagnetic phase below 50 K. In contrast, compounds 2 and 3 show a paramagnetic behaviour with no magnetic ordering down to 2 K. The only electronic difference between the two kinds of compounds is the presence of two paired electrons on MoIV (2) and WIV (3) (d2 electronic configuration, S = 0) with no possible exchange interactions with MnII ions (d5 electronic configuration, S = 5/2) and one unpaired electron on NbIV (1) (d1, S = 1/2) which allows NbIV–MnII antiferromagnetic exchange interactions and the onset of a three-dimensional magnetic ordering under Curie temperature. These three compounds demonstrate how one unpaired electron, well located, can dramatically change the magnetic behaviour of isostructural octacyanido-based three-dimensional networks.

Crystal structures of organosulfur donor 2-(5′,6′-dihydro[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]-dithiin-2′-ylidene)-6,7-di-hydro-5H-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-b][1,4]dithiepine-6,6-dimethanol (D) and its conducting salt D2I3 are described. Conductivity properties of D2I3 are also discussed.

The triptycene skeleton has been used to measure (1,5) interactions between aldehyde groups, placed at both sp³ centres, and hydroxy or methoxy groups, placed at the respective ortho position on a benzene ring; HO⋯CHO interactions of 2.621–2.624 Å and MeO⋯CHO interactions of 2.528–2.584 Å were observed with the O⋯C vector making angles of 105.3–133.7° with the carbonyl bond. The lack of a competing conjugation with the framework for the electrophilic group is a favourable factor compared to the use of peri-naphthalene systems.

A versatile synthetic methodology to access the first family of chiral verdazyl N,N′- chelate ligands is described and exemplified by N,N′-dimethyl-, N,N′-di-isopropyl- and N,N′-diphenyl oxoverdazyls bearing two isomers of the pinene-pyridine functional group. Their physical properties were probed by X-band EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations. Preliminary reactivity studies show they can act as N,N′-chelate ligands affording a chiral 1 : 1 complex (3b) with CuCl2, which was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Variable temperature EPR studies on (3b) confirm the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions between the spins of the Cu(II) ion and the verdazyl radical.