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1. Effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youth-rated problems and strengths in 38 societies

Author

Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Turner, Lori, Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Broberg, Anders G., Córdova Calderón, Mery A., Chahed, Myriam, Dang, Hoang Minh, Dobrean, Anca, Döpfner, Mandred, Erol, Nese, Forns, Maria, Guðmundsson, Halldór S., Hannesdóttir, Helga, Hewitt-Ramirez, Nohelia, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Karki, Suyen, Koot, Hans M., Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick, Magai, Dorcas N., Maggiolini, Alfio, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Minaei, Asghar, Monzani da Rocha, Marina, Moreira, Paulo A.S., Mulatu, Mesfin S., Nøvik, Torunn Stene, Oh, Kyung Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Petot, Jean Michel, Pisa, Cecilia, Pomalima, Rolando, Roussos, Alexandra, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael G., Shahini, Mimoza, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans Christoph, Verhulst, Frank C., Weintraub, Sheila, Weiss, Bahr, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, Žukauskienė, Rita, Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Turner, Lori, Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Broberg, Anders G., Córdova Calderón, Mery A., Chahed, Myriam, Dang, Hoang Minh, Dobrean, Anca, Döpfner, Mandred, Erol, Nese, Forns, Maria, Guðmundsson, Halldór S., Hannesdóttir, Helga, Hewitt-Ramirez, Nohelia, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Karki, Suyen, Koot, Hans M., Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick, Magai, Dorcas N., Maggiolini, Alfio, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Minaei, Asghar, Monzani da Rocha, Marina, Moreira, Paulo A.S., Mulatu, Mesfin S., Nøvik, Torunn Stene, Oh, Kyung Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Petot, Jean Michel, Pisa, Cecilia, Pomalima, Rolando, Roussos, Alexandra, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael G., Shahini, Mimoza, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans Christoph, Verhulst, Frank C., Weintraub, Sheila, Weiss, Bahr, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, and Žukauskienė, Rita

Abstract

Background: Clinicians increasingly serve youths from societal/cultural backgrounds different from their own. This raises questions about how to interpret what such youths report. Rescorla et al. (2019, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 1107) found that much more variance in 72,493 parents’ ratings of their offspring’s mental health problems was accounted for by individual differences than by societal or cultural differences. Although parents’ reports are essential for clinical assessment of their offspring, they reflect parents’ perceptions of the offspring. Consequently, clinical assessment also requires self-reports from the offspring themselves. To test effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youths’ self-ratings of their problems and strengths, we analyzed Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores for 39,849 11–17 year olds in 38 societies. Methods: Indigenous researchers obtained YSR self-ratings from population samples of youths in 38 societies representing 10 culture cluster identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study. Hierarchical linear modeling of scores on 17 problem scales and one strengths scale estimated the percent of variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. ANOVAs tested age and gender effects. Results: Averaged across the 17 problem scales, individual differences accounted for 92.5% of variance, societal differences 6.0%, and cultural differences 1.5%. For strengths, individual differences accounted for 83.4% of variance, societal differences 10.1%, and cultural differences 6.5%. Age and gender had very small effects. Conclusions: Like parents’ ratings, youths’ self-ratings of problems were affected much more by individual differences than societal/cultural differences. Most variance in self-rated strengths also reflected individual differences, but societal/cultural effects were larger than for problems, suggestin

Published
2022

2. Effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youth-rated problems and strengths in 38 societies

Author

Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Turner, Lori, Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Broberg, Anders G., Cordova Calderon, Mery A., Chahed, Myriam, Dobrean, Anca, Dopfner, Mandred, Erol, Nese, Forns, Maria, Gudmundsson, Halldor S., Hannesdottir, Helga, Hewitt-Ramirez, Nohelia, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Karki, Suyen, Koot, Hans M., Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick, Magai, Dorcas N., Maggiolini, Alfio, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Minaei, Asghar, da Rocha, Marina Monzani, Moreira, Paulo A. S., Mulatu, Mesfin S., Novik, Torunn Stene, Oh, Kyung Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Petot, Jean-Michel, Pisa, Cecilia, Pomalima, Rolando, Roussos, Alexandra, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael G., Shahini, Mimoza, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Verhulst, Frank C., Weintraub, Sheila, Weiss, Bahr, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, Zukauskiene, Rita, Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Turner, Lori, Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Broberg, Anders G., Cordova Calderon, Mery A., Chahed, Myriam, Dobrean, Anca, Dopfner, Mandred, Erol, Nese, Forns, Maria, Gudmundsson, Halldor S., Hannesdottir, Helga, Hewitt-Ramirez, Nohelia, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Karki, Suyen, Koot, Hans M., Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick, Magai, Dorcas N., Maggiolini, Alfio, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Minaei, Asghar, da Rocha, Marina Monzani, Moreira, Paulo A. S., Mulatu, Mesfin S., Novik, Torunn Stene, Oh, Kyung Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Petot, Jean-Michel, Pisa, Cecilia, Pomalima, Rolando, Roussos, Alexandra, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael G., Shahini, Mimoza, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Verhulst, Frank C., Weintraub, Sheila, Weiss, Bahr, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, and Zukauskiene, Rita

Abstract

Background: Clinicians increasingly serve youths from societal/cultural backgrounds different from their own. This raises questions about how to interpret what such youths report. Rescorla et al. (2019, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 1107) found that much more variance in 72,493 parents' ratings of their offspring's mental health problems was accounted for by individual differences than by societal or cultural differences. Although parents' reports are essential for clinical assessment of their offspring, they reflect parents' perceptions of the offspring. Consequently, clinical assessment also requires self-reports from the offspring themselves. To test effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youths' self-ratings of their problems and strengths, we analyzed Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores for 39,849 11-17 year olds in 38 societies. Methods: Indigenous researchers obtained YSR self-ratings from population samples of youths in 38 societies representing 10 culture cluster identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study. Hierarchical linear modeling of scores on 17 problem scales and one strengths scale estimated the percent of variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. ANOVAs tested age and gender effects. Results: Averaged across the 17 problem scales, individual differences accounted for 92.5% of variance, societal differences 6.0%, and cultural differences 1.5%. For strengths, individual differences accounted for 83.4% of variance, societal differences 10.1%, and cultural differences 6.5%. Age and gender had very small effects. Conclusions: Like parents' ratings, youths' self-ratings of problems were affected much more by individual differences than societal/cultural differences. Most variance in self-rated strengths also reflected individual differences, but societal/cultural effects were larger than for problems, suggesting great

Published
2022

3. Effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youth-rated problems and strengths in 38 societies

Author

Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Turner, Lori, Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Broberg, Anders G., Córdova Calderón, Mery A., Chahed, Myriam, Dang, Hoang Minh, Dobrean, Anca, Döpfner, Mandred, Erol, Nese, Forns, Maria, Guðmundsson, Halldór S., Hannesdóttir, Helga, Hewitt-Ramirez, Nohelia, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Karki, Suyen, Koot, Hans M., Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick, Magai, Dorcas N., Maggiolini, Alfio, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Minaei, Asghar, Monzani da Rocha, Marina, Moreira, Paulo A.S., Mulatu, Mesfin S., Nøvik, Torunn Stene, Oh, Kyung Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Petot, Jean Michel, Pisa, Cecilia, Pomalima, Rolando, Roussos, Alexandra, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael G., Shahini, Mimoza, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans Christoph, Verhulst, Frank C., Weintraub, Sheila, Weiss, Bahr, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, Žukauskienė, Rita, Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Turner, Lori, Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Broberg, Anders G., Córdova Calderón, Mery A., Chahed, Myriam, Dang, Hoang Minh, Dobrean, Anca, Döpfner, Mandred, Erol, Nese, Forns, Maria, Guðmundsson, Halldór S., Hannesdóttir, Helga, Hewitt-Ramirez, Nohelia, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Karki, Suyen, Koot, Hans M., Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick, Magai, Dorcas N., Maggiolini, Alfio, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Minaei, Asghar, Monzani da Rocha, Marina, Moreira, Paulo A.S., Mulatu, Mesfin S., Nøvik, Torunn Stene, Oh, Kyung Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Petot, Jean Michel, Pisa, Cecilia, Pomalima, Rolando, Roussos, Alexandra, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael G., Shahini, Mimoza, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans Christoph, Verhulst, Frank C., Weintraub, Sheila, Weiss, Bahr, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, and Žukauskienė, Rita

Abstract

Background: Clinicians increasingly serve youths from societal/cultural backgrounds different from their own. This raises questions about how to interpret what such youths report. Rescorla et al. (2019, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 1107) found that much more variance in 72,493 parents’ ratings of their offspring’s mental health problems was accounted for by individual differences than by societal or cultural differences. Although parents’ reports are essential for clinical assessment of their offspring, they reflect parents’ perceptions of the offspring. Consequently, clinical assessment also requires self-reports from the offspring themselves. To test effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youths’ self-ratings of their problems and strengths, we analyzed Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores for 39,849 11–17 year olds in 38 societies. Methods: Indigenous researchers obtained YSR self-ratings from population samples of youths in 38 societies representing 10 culture cluster identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study. Hierarchical linear modeling of scores on 17 problem scales and one strengths scale estimated the percent of variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. ANOVAs tested age and gender effects. Results: Averaged across the 17 problem scales, individual differences accounted for 92.5% of variance, societal differences 6.0%, and cultural differences 1.5%. For strengths, individual differences accounted for 83.4% of variance, societal differences 10.1%, and cultural differences 6.5%. Age and gender had very small effects. Conclusions: Like parents’ ratings, youths’ self-ratings of problems were affected much more by individual differences than societal/cultural differences. Most variance in self-rated strengths also reflected individual differences, but societal/cultural effects were larger than for problems, suggestin

Published
2022
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4. Testing Syndromes of Psychopathology in Parent and Youth Ratings Across Societies

Author

Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Rescorla, Leslie A., Guo, Jiesi, Althoff, Robert R., Kan, Kees-Jan, Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Broberg, Anders G., Chahed, Myriam, da Rocha, Marina Monzani, Dobrean, Anca, Doeepfner, Manfred, Erol, Nese, Fombonne, Eric, Fonseca, Antonio Castro, Forns, Maria, Frigerio, Alessandra, Grietens, Hans, Hewitt-Ramirez, Nohelia, Juarez, Fernando, Kajokiene, Ilona, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Kim, Young-Ah, Larsson, Bo, Leung, Patrick, Liu, Xianchen, Maggiolini, Alfio, Minaei, Asghar, Moreira, Paulo A. S., Oh, Kyung Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Pisa, Cecilia, Pomalima, Rolando, Roussos, Alexandra, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael, Shahini, Mimoza, de Mattos Silvares, Edwiges Ferreira, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Szirovicza, Lajos, Valverde, Jose, Viola, Laura, Weintraub, Sheila, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Woo, Bernardine, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, Zukauskiene, Rita, Verhulst, Frank C., Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Rescorla, Leslie A., Guo, Jiesi, Althoff, Robert R., Kan, Kees-Jan, Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Broberg, Anders G., Chahed, Myriam, da Rocha, Marina Monzani, Dobrean, Anca, Doeepfner, Manfred, Erol, Nese, Fombonne, Eric, Fonseca, Antonio Castro, Forns, Maria, Frigerio, Alessandra, Grietens, Hans, Hewitt-Ramirez, Nohelia, Juarez, Fernando, Kajokiene, Ilona, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Kim, Young-Ah, Larsson, Bo, Leung, Patrick, Liu, Xianchen, Maggiolini, Alfio, Minaei, Asghar, Moreira, Paulo A. S., Oh, Kyung Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Pisa, Cecilia, Pomalima, Rolando, Roussos, Alexandra, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael, Shahini, Mimoza, de Mattos Silvares, Edwiges Ferreira, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Szirovicza, Lajos, Valverde, Jose, Viola, Laura, Weintraub, Sheila, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Woo, Bernardine, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, Zukauskiene, Rita, and Verhulst, Frank C.

Abstract

As societies become increasingly diverse, mental health professionals need instruments for assessing emotional, behavioral, and social problems in terms of constructs that are supported within and across societies. Building on decades of research findings, multisample alignment confirmatory factor analyses tested an empirically based 8-syndrome model on parent ratings across 30 societies and youth self-ratings across 19 societies. The Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 and Youth Self-Report for Ages 11-18 were used to measure syndromes descriptively designated as Anxious/Depressed, Withdrawn/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, Social Problems, Thought Problems, Attention Problems, Rule-Breaking Behavior, and Aggressive Behavior. For both parent ratings (N=61,703) and self-ratings (N=29,486), results supported aggregation of problem items into 8 first-order syndromes for all societies (configural invariance), plus the invariance of item loadings (metric invariance) across the majority of societies. Supported across many societies in both parent and self-ratings, the 8 syndromes offer a parsimonious phenotypic taxonomy with clearly operationalized assessment criteria. Mental health professionals in many societies can use the 8 syndromes to assess children and youths for clinical, training, and scientific purposes.

Published
2019

5. International comparisons of autism spectrum disorder behaviors in preschoolers rated by parents and caregivers/teachers

Author

Rescorla, Leslie A., Given, Courtney, Glynn, Siobhan, Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Bilenberg, Niels, Bjarnadottir, Gudrun, Capron, Christiane, De Pauw, Sarah, Dias, Pedro, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Duyme, Michel, Eapen, Valsamma, Erol, Nese, Esmaeili, Elaheh, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Frigerio, Alessandra, Fung, Daniel S. S., Goncalves, Miguel, Guomundsson, Halldor, Jeng, Suh-Fang, Jusiene, Roma, Kim, Young-Ah, Kristensen, Solveig, Liu, Jianghong, Lecannelier, Felipe, Leung, Patrick, Machado, Barbara Cesar, Montirosso, Rosario, Oh, Kyung-Ja, Ooi, Yoon Phaik, Plueck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, Pranvera, Jetishi, Schmeck, Klaus, Shahini, Mimoza, Silva, Jaime, Simsek, Zeynep, Sourander, Andre, Valverde, Jose, van der, Jan, Van, Karla, Erasmus, Frank C. Verhulst, Wu, Yen-Tzu, Yurdusen, Sema, Zubrick, Stephen R., Rescorla, Leslie A., Given, Courtney, Glynn, Siobhan, Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Bilenberg, Niels, Bjarnadottir, Gudrun, Capron, Christiane, De Pauw, Sarah, Dias, Pedro, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Duyme, Michel, Eapen, Valsamma, Erol, Nese, Esmaeili, Elaheh, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Frigerio, Alessandra, Fung, Daniel S. S., Goncalves, Miguel, Guomundsson, Halldor, Jeng, Suh-Fang, Jusiene, Roma, Kim, Young-Ah, Kristensen, Solveig, Liu, Jianghong, Lecannelier, Felipe, Leung, Patrick, Machado, Barbara Cesar, Montirosso, Rosario, Oh, Kyung-Ja, Ooi, Yoon Phaik, Plueck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, Pranvera, Jetishi, Schmeck, Klaus, Shahini, Mimoza, Silva, Jaime, Simsek, Zeynep, Sourander, Andre, Valverde, Jose, van der, Jan, Van, Karla, Erasmus, Frank C. Verhulst, Wu, Yen-Tzu, Yurdusen, Sema, and Zubrick, Stephen R.

Abstract

This study tested international similarities and differences in scores on a scale comprising 12 items identified by international mental health experts as being very consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) category of autism spectrum disorder. Participants were 19,850 preschoolers in 24 societies rated by parents on the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 11/2-5; 10,521 preschoolers from 15 societies rated by caregivers/teachers on the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form, and 7380 children from 13 societies rated by both types of informant. Rank ordering of the items with respect to base rates and mean ratings was more similar across societies for parent ratings than caregiver/teacher ratings, especially with respect to the items tapping restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Items 80. Strange behavior; 63. Repeatedly rocks head or body; 67. Seems unresponsive to affection; and 98. Withdrawn, doesn't get involved with others had low base rates in these population samples across societies and types of informants, suggesting that they may be particularly discriminating for identifying autism spectrum disorder in young children. Cross-informant agreement was stronger for the items tapping social communication and interaction problems than restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. The findings support the feasibility of international use of the scale for autism spectrum disorder screening in population samples.

Published
2019

6. International Comparisons of the Dysregulation Profile Based on Reports by Parents, Adolescents, and Teachers

Author

Rescorla, Leslie A., Blumenfeld, Mary C., Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Almqvist, Fredrik, Bathiche, Maria, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Broberg, Anders, Chahed, Myriam, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Erol, Nese, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Fombonne, Eric, Fonseca, Antonio, Forns, Maria, Frigerio, Alessandra, Grietens, Hans W. E., Hannesdottir, Helga, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick, Liu, Xianchin, Maggiolini, Alfio, Markovic, Jasminka, Minaei, Asghar, Moreira, Paulo, Mulatu, Mesfin S., Novik, Torunn S., Oh, Kyung-Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Pisa, Cecilia, Pluck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, da Rocha, Marina Monzani, Roussos, Alexandra, Sawyer, Michael, Shahini, Mimoza, de Mattos Silvares, Edwiges Ferreira, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, van der Ende, Jan, Verhulst, Frank, Viola, Laura, Weintraub, Sheila, Weisz, John, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Woo, Bernadine S. C., Yang, Hao-Jan, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, Zubrick, Stephen R., Zukauskiene, Rita, Rescorla, Leslie A., Blumenfeld, Mary C., Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Almqvist, Fredrik, Bathiche, Maria, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Broberg, Anders, Chahed, Myriam, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Erol, Nese, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Fombonne, Eric, Fonseca, Antonio, Forns, Maria, Frigerio, Alessandra, Grietens, Hans W. E., Hannesdottir, Helga, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick, Liu, Xianchin, Maggiolini, Alfio, Markovic, Jasminka, Minaei, Asghar, Moreira, Paulo, Mulatu, Mesfin S., Novik, Torunn S., Oh, Kyung-Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Pisa, Cecilia, Pluck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, da Rocha, Marina Monzani, Roussos, Alexandra, Sawyer, Michael, Shahini, Mimoza, de Mattos Silvares, Edwiges Ferreira, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, van der Ende, Jan, Verhulst, Frank, Viola, Laura, Weintraub, Sheila, Weisz, John, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Woo, Bernadine S. C., Yang, Hao-Jan, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, Zubrick, Stephen R., and Zukauskiene, Rita

Abstract

Our objective was to examine international similarities and differences in the Dysregulation Profile (DP) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Teacher's Report Form (TRF), and Youth Self-Report (YSR) via comparisons of data from many societies. Primary samples were those studied by Rescorla et al. (2012): CBCL: N = 69,866, 42 societies; YSR: N = 38,070, 34 societies; TRF: N = 37,244, 27 societies. Omnicultural Q correlations of items composing the DP (from the Anxious/Depressed, Attention Problems, and Aggressive Behavior syndromes) indicated considerable consistency across diverse societies with respect to which of the DP items tended to receive low, medium, or high ratings, whether ratings were provided by parents (M Q = .70), adolescents (M Q = .72), or teachers (M Q = .68). Omnicultural mean item ratings indicated that, for all 3 forms, the most common items on the DP reflect a mix of problems from all 3 constituent scales. Cross-informant analyses for the CBCL-YSR and CBCL-TRF supported these results. Aggregated DP scores, derived by summing ratings on all DP items, varied significantly by society. Age and gender differences were minor for all 3 forms, but boys scored higher than girls on the TRF. Many societies differing in ethnicity, religion, political/economic system, and geographical region manifested very similar DP scores. The most commonly reported DP problems reflected the mixed symptom picture of the DP, with dysregulation in mood, attention, and aggression. Overall, societies were more similar than different on DP scale scores and item ratings.

Published
2019

7. Testing Syndromes of Psychopathology in Parent and Youth Ratings Across Societies

Author

Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Rescorla, Leslie A., Guo, Jiesi, Althoff, Robert R., Kan, Kees-Jan, Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Broberg, Anders G., Chahed, Myriam, da Rocha, Marina Monzani, Dobrean, Anca, Doeepfner, Manfred, Erol, Nese, Fombonne, Eric, Fonseca, Antonio Castro, Forns, Maria, Frigerio, Alessandra, Grietens, Hans, Hewitt-Ramirez, Nohelia, Juarez, Fernando, Kajokiene, Ilona, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Kim, Young-Ah, Larsson, Bo, Leung, Patrick, Liu, Xianchen, Maggiolini, Alfio, Minaei, Asghar, Moreira, Paulo A. S., Oh, Kyung Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Pisa, Cecilia, Pomalima, Rolando, Roussos, Alexandra, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael, Shahini, Mimoza, de Mattos Silvares, Edwiges Ferreira, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Szirovicza, Lajos, Valverde, Jose, Viola, Laura, Weintraub, Sheila, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Woo, Bernardine, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, Zukauskiene, Rita, Verhulst, Frank C., Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Rescorla, Leslie A., Guo, Jiesi, Althoff, Robert R., Kan, Kees-Jan, Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Broberg, Anders G., Chahed, Myriam, da Rocha, Marina Monzani, Dobrean, Anca, Doeepfner, Manfred, Erol, Nese, Fombonne, Eric, Fonseca, Antonio Castro, Forns, Maria, Frigerio, Alessandra, Grietens, Hans, Hewitt-Ramirez, Nohelia, Juarez, Fernando, Kajokiene, Ilona, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Kim, Young-Ah, Larsson, Bo, Leung, Patrick, Liu, Xianchen, Maggiolini, Alfio, Minaei, Asghar, Moreira, Paulo A. S., Oh, Kyung Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Pisa, Cecilia, Pomalima, Rolando, Roussos, Alexandra, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael, Shahini, Mimoza, de Mattos Silvares, Edwiges Ferreira, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Szirovicza, Lajos, Valverde, Jose, Viola, Laura, Weintraub, Sheila, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Woo, Bernardine, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, Zukauskiene, Rita, and Verhulst, Frank C.

Abstract

As societies become increasingly diverse, mental health professionals need instruments for assessing emotional, behavioral, and social problems in terms of constructs that are supported within and across societies. Building on decades of research findings, multisample alignment confirmatory factor analyses tested an empirically based 8-syndrome model on parent ratings across 30 societies and youth self-ratings across 19 societies. The Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 and Youth Self-Report for Ages 11-18 were used to measure syndromes descriptively designated as Anxious/Depressed, Withdrawn/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, Social Problems, Thought Problems, Attention Problems, Rule-Breaking Behavior, and Aggressive Behavior. For both parent ratings (N=61,703) and self-ratings (N=29,486), results supported aggregation of problem items into 8 first-order syndromes for all societies (configural invariance), plus the invariance of item loadings (metric invariance) across the majority of societies. Supported across many societies in both parent and self-ratings, the 8 syndromes offer a parsimonious phenotypic taxonomy with clearly operationalized assessment criteria. Mental health professionals in many societies can use the 8 syndromes to assess children and youths for clinical, training, and scientific purposes.

Published
2019

8. International comparisons of autism spectrum disorder behaviors in preschoolers rated by parents and caregivers/teachers

Author

Rescorla, Leslie A., Given, Courtney, Glynn, Siobhan, Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Bilenberg, Niels, Bjarnadottir, Gudrun, Capron, Christiane, De Pauw, Sarah, Dias, Pedro, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Duyme, Michel, Eapen, Valsamma, Erol, Nese, Esmaeili, Elaheh, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Frigerio, Alessandra, Fung, Daniel S. S., Goncalves, Miguel, Guomundsson, Halldor, Jeng, Suh-Fang, Jusiene, Roma, Kim, Young-Ah, Kristensen, Solveig, Liu, Jianghong, Lecannelier, Felipe, Leung, Patrick, Machado, Barbara Cesar, Montirosso, Rosario, Oh, Kyung-Ja, Ooi, Yoon Phaik, Plueck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, Pranvera, Jetishi, Schmeck, Klaus, Shahini, Mimoza, Silva, Jaime, Simsek, Zeynep, Sourander, Andre, Valverde, Jose, van der, Jan, Van, Karla, Erasmus, Frank C. Verhulst, Wu, Yen-Tzu, Yurdusen, Sema, Zubrick, Stephen R., Rescorla, Leslie A., Given, Courtney, Glynn, Siobhan, Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Bilenberg, Niels, Bjarnadottir, Gudrun, Capron, Christiane, De Pauw, Sarah, Dias, Pedro, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Duyme, Michel, Eapen, Valsamma, Erol, Nese, Esmaeili, Elaheh, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Frigerio, Alessandra, Fung, Daniel S. S., Goncalves, Miguel, Guomundsson, Halldor, Jeng, Suh-Fang, Jusiene, Roma, Kim, Young-Ah, Kristensen, Solveig, Liu, Jianghong, Lecannelier, Felipe, Leung, Patrick, Machado, Barbara Cesar, Montirosso, Rosario, Oh, Kyung-Ja, Ooi, Yoon Phaik, Plueck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, Pranvera, Jetishi, Schmeck, Klaus, Shahini, Mimoza, Silva, Jaime, Simsek, Zeynep, Sourander, Andre, Valverde, Jose, van der, Jan, Van, Karla, Erasmus, Frank C. Verhulst, Wu, Yen-Tzu, Yurdusen, Sema, and Zubrick, Stephen R.

Abstract

This study tested international similarities and differences in scores on a scale comprising 12 items identified by international mental health experts as being very consistent with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) category of autism spectrum disorder. Participants were 19,850 preschoolers in 24 societies rated by parents on the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 11/2-5; 10,521 preschoolers from 15 societies rated by caregivers/teachers on the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form, and 7380 children from 13 societies rated by both types of informant. Rank ordering of the items with respect to base rates and mean ratings was more similar across societies for parent ratings than caregiver/teacher ratings, especially with respect to the items tapping restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Items 80. Strange behavior; 63. Repeatedly rocks head or body; 67. Seems unresponsive to affection; and 98. Withdrawn, doesn't get involved with others had low base rates in these population samples across societies and types of informants, suggesting that they may be particularly discriminating for identifying autism spectrum disorder in young children. Cross-informant agreement was stronger for the items tapping social communication and interaction problems than restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. The findings support the feasibility of international use of the scale for autism spectrum disorder screening in population samples.

Published
2019

9. International Comparisons of the Dysregulation Profile Based on Reports by Parents, Adolescents, and Teachers

Author

Rescorla, Leslie A., Blumenfeld, Mary C., Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Almqvist, Fredrik, Bathiche, Maria, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Broberg, Anders, Chahed, Myriam, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Erol, Nese, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Fombonne, Eric, Fonseca, Antonio, Forns, Maria, Frigerio, Alessandra, Grietens, Hans W. E., Hannesdottir, Helga, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick, Liu, Xianchin, Maggiolini, Alfio, Markovic, Jasminka, Minaei, Asghar, Moreira, Paulo, Mulatu, Mesfin S., Novik, Torunn S., Oh, Kyung-Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Pisa, Cecilia, Pluck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, da Rocha, Marina Monzani, Roussos, Alexandra, Sawyer, Michael, Shahini, Mimoza, de Mattos Silvares, Edwiges Ferreira, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, van der Ende, Jan, Verhulst, Frank, Viola, Laura, Weintraub, Sheila, Weisz, John, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Woo, Bernadine S. C., Yang, Hao-Jan, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, Zubrick, Stephen R., Zukauskiene, Rita, Rescorla, Leslie A., Blumenfeld, Mary C., Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Almqvist, Fredrik, Bathiche, Maria, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Broberg, Anders, Chahed, Myriam, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Erol, Nese, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Fombonne, Eric, Fonseca, Antonio, Forns, Maria, Frigerio, Alessandra, Grietens, Hans W. E., Hannesdottir, Helga, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick, Liu, Xianchin, Maggiolini, Alfio, Markovic, Jasminka, Minaei, Asghar, Moreira, Paulo, Mulatu, Mesfin S., Novik, Torunn S., Oh, Kyung-Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Pisa, Cecilia, Pluck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, da Rocha, Marina Monzani, Roussos, Alexandra, Sawyer, Michael, Shahini, Mimoza, de Mattos Silvares, Edwiges Ferreira, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, van der Ende, Jan, Verhulst, Frank, Viola, Laura, Weintraub, Sheila, Weisz, John, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Woo, Bernadine S. C., Yang, Hao-Jan, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zilber, Nelly, Zubrick, Stephen R., and Zukauskiene, Rita

Abstract

Our objective was to examine international similarities and differences in the Dysregulation Profile (DP) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Teacher's Report Form (TRF), and Youth Self-Report (YSR) via comparisons of data from many societies. Primary samples were those studied by Rescorla et al. (2012): CBCL: N = 69,866, 42 societies; YSR: N = 38,070, 34 societies; TRF: N = 37,244, 27 societies. Omnicultural Q correlations of items composing the DP (from the Anxious/Depressed, Attention Problems, and Aggressive Behavior syndromes) indicated considerable consistency across diverse societies with respect to which of the DP items tended to receive low, medium, or high ratings, whether ratings were provided by parents (M Q = .70), adolescents (M Q = .72), or teachers (M Q = .68). Omnicultural mean item ratings indicated that, for all 3 forms, the most common items on the DP reflect a mix of problems from all 3 constituent scales. Cross-informant analyses for the CBCL-YSR and CBCL-TRF supported these results. Aggregated DP scores, derived by summing ratings on all DP items, varied significantly by society. Age and gender differences were minor for all 3 forms, but boys scored higher than girls on the TRF. Many societies differing in ethnicity, religion, political/economic system, and geographical region manifested very similar DP scores. The most commonly reported DP problems reflected the mixed symptom picture of the DP, with dysregulation in mood, attention, and aggression. Overall, societies were more similar than different on DP scale scores and item ratings.

Published
2019

10. The association between aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial problems as measured with the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment: A study of 27,861 parent-adolescent dyads from 25 societies

Author

Burt, S. Alexandra, Rescorla, Leslie A., Achenbach, Thomas M., Ivanova, Masha Y., Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Chahed, Myriam, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Erol, Nese, Hannesdottir, Helga, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick W. L., Minaei, Asghar, Novik, Torunn S., Oh, Kyung-Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Petot, Jean-Michel, Pomalima, Rolando, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Valverde, Jose, van der Ende, Jan, Weintraub, Sheila, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zukauskiene, Rita, Verhulst, Frank C., Burt, S. Alexandra, Rescorla, Leslie A., Achenbach, Thomas M., Ivanova, Masha Y., Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Chahed, Myriam, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Erol, Nese, Hannesdottir, Helga, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick W. L., Minaei, Asghar, Novik, Torunn S., Oh, Kyung-Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Petot, Jean-Michel, Pomalima, Rolando, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Valverde, Jose, van der Ende, Jan, Weintraub, Sheila, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zukauskiene, Rita, and Verhulst, Frank C.

Abstract

Aggression (e.g., assaulting others, bullying, oppositionality; AGG) and non-aggressive rule-breaking (e.g., lying, stealing, vandalism; RB) appear to constitute meaningfully distinct dimensions of antisocial behavior. Despite these differences, it is equally clear that AGG and RB are moderately-to-strongly intercorrelated with one another. To date, however, we have little insight into the sampling and methodologic characteristics that might moderate the association between AGG and RB. The current study sought to evaluate several such moderators (i.e., age, sex, informant, and society) in a sample of 27,861 parent-adolescent dyads from 25 societies. AGG and RB were assessed with the well-known Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self-Report (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Results revealed small effects of informant and adolescent sex, such that the association between AGG and RB was stronger for parents' reports than for adolescents' self-reports, and for boys than for girls. The association also varied by society. Unexpectedly, the specific operationalization of 'aggression' emerged as a particularly strong moderator, such that the association was stronger for a general measure of AGG than for a more focused measure of physical aggression per se. Such findings inform our understanding of similarities and differences between aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial problems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Published
2015

11. The association between aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial problems as measured with the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment: A study of 27,861 parent-adolescent dyads from 25 societies

Author

Burt, S. Alexandra, Rescorla, Leslie A., Achenbach, Thomas M., Ivanova, Masha Y., Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Chahed, Myriam, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Erol, Nese, Hannesdottir, Helga, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick W. L., Minaei, Asghar, Novik, Torunn S., Oh, Kyung-Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Petot, Jean-Michel, Pomalima, Rolando, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Valverde, Jose, van der Ende, Jan, Weintraub, Sheila, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zukauskiene, Rita, Verhulst, Frank C., Burt, S. Alexandra, Rescorla, Leslie A., Achenbach, Thomas M., Ivanova, Masha Y., Almqvist, Fredrik, Begovac, Ivan, Bilenberg, Niels, Bird, Hector, Chahed, Myriam, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Erol, Nese, Hannesdottir, Helga, Kanbayashi, Yasuko, Lambert, Michael C., Leung, Patrick W. L., Minaei, Asghar, Novik, Torunn S., Oh, Kyung-Ja, Petot, Djaouida, Petot, Jean-Michel, Pomalima, Rolando, Rudan, Vlasta, Sawyer, Michael, Simsek, Zeynep, Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, Valverde, Jose, van der Ende, Jan, Weintraub, Sheila, Metzke, Christa Winkler, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Zhang, Eugene Yuqing, Zukauskiene, Rita, and Verhulst, Frank C.

Abstract

Aggression (e.g., assaulting others, bullying, oppositionality; AGG) and non-aggressive rule-breaking (e.g., lying, stealing, vandalism; RB) appear to constitute meaningfully distinct dimensions of antisocial behavior. Despite these differences, it is equally clear that AGG and RB are moderately-to-strongly intercorrelated with one another. To date, however, we have little insight into the sampling and methodologic characteristics that might moderate the association between AGG and RB. The current study sought to evaluate several such moderators (i.e., age, sex, informant, and society) in a sample of 27,861 parent-adolescent dyads from 25 societies. AGG and RB were assessed with the well-known Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self-Report (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Results revealed small effects of informant and adolescent sex, such that the association between AGG and RB was stronger for parents' reports than for adolescents' self-reports, and for boys than for girls. The association also varied by society. Unexpectedly, the specific operationalization of 'aggression' emerged as a particularly strong moderator, such that the association was stronger for a general measure of AGG than for a more focused measure of physical aggression per se. Such findings inform our understanding of similarities and differences between aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial problems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Published
2015

12. Preschool Psychopathology Reported by Parents in 23 Societies: Testing the Seven-Syndrome Model of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5

Author

Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Rescorla, Leslie A., Harder, Valerie S., Ang, Rebecca P., Bilenberg, Niels, Bjarnadottir, Gudrun, Capron, Christiane, De Pauw, Sarah S. W., Dias, Pedro, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Duyme, Michele, Eapen, Valsamma, Erol, Nese, Esmaeili, Elaheh Mohammad, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Frigerio, Alessandra, Goncalves, Miguel M., Gudmundsson, Halldor S., Jeng, Suh-Fang, Jetishi, Pranvera, Jusiene, Roma, Kim, Young-Ah, Kristensen, Solvejg, Lecannelier, Felipe, Leung, Patrick W. L., Liu, Jianghong, Montirosso, Rosario, Oh, Kyung Ja, Plueck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, Shahini, Mimoza, Silva, Jaime R., Simsek, Zynep, Sourander, Andre, Valverde, Jose, Van Leeuwen, Karla G., Woo, Bernardine S. C., Wu, Yen-Tzu, Zubrick, Stephen R., Verhulst, Frank C., Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Rescorla, Leslie A., Harder, Valerie S., Ang, Rebecca P., Bilenberg, Niels, Bjarnadottir, Gudrun, Capron, Christiane, De Pauw, Sarah S. W., Dias, Pedro, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Duyme, Michele, Eapen, Valsamma, Erol, Nese, Esmaeili, Elaheh Mohammad, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Frigerio, Alessandra, Goncalves, Miguel M., Gudmundsson, Halldor S., Jeng, Suh-Fang, Jetishi, Pranvera, Jusiene, Roma, Kim, Young-Ah, Kristensen, Solvejg, Lecannelier, Felipe, Leung, Patrick W. L., Liu, Jianghong, Montirosso, Rosario, Oh, Kyung Ja, Plueck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, Shahini, Mimoza, Silva, Jaime R., Simsek, Zynep, Sourander, Andre, Valverde, Jose, Van Leeuwen, Karla G., Woo, Bernardine S. C., Wu, Yen-Tzu, Zubrick, Stephen R., and Verhulst, Frank C.

Abstract

Objective: To test the fit of a seven-syndrome model to ratings of preschoolers' problems by parents in very diverse societies. Method: Parents of 19,106 children 18 to 71 months of age from 23 societies in Asia, Australasia, Europe, the Middle East, and South America completed the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (CBCL/1.5-5). Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the seven-syndrome model separately for each society. Results: The primary model fit index, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), indicated acceptable to good fit for each society. Although a six-syndrome model combining the Emotionally Reactive and Anxious/Depressed syndromes also fit the data for nine societies, it fit less well than the seven-syndrome model for seven of the nine societies. Other fit indices yielded less consistent results than the RMSEA. Conclusions: The seven-syndrome model provides one way to capture patterns of children's problems that are manifested in ratings by parents from many societies. Clinicians working with preschoolers from these societies can thus assess and describe parents' ratings of behavioral, emotional, and social problems in terms of the seven syndromes. The results illustrate possibilities for culture general taxonomic constructs of preschool psychopathology. Problems not captured by the CBCL/1.5-5 may form additional syndromes, and other syndrome models may also fit the data. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2010;49(12):1215-1224.

Published
2010

13. Preschool Psychopathology Reported by Parents in 23 Societies: Testing the Seven-Syndrome Model of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5

Author

Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Rescorla, Leslie A., Harder, Valerie S., Ang, Rebecca P., Bilenberg, Niels, Bjarnadottir, Gudrun, Capron, Christiane, De Pauw, Sarah S. W., Dias, Pedro, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Duyme, Michele, Eapen, Valsamma, Erol, Nese, Esmaeili, Elaheh Mohammad, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Frigerio, Alessandra, Goncalves, Miguel M., Gudmundsson, Halldor S., Jeng, Suh-Fang, Jetishi, Pranvera, Jusiene, Roma, Kim, Young-Ah, Kristensen, Solvejg, Lecannelier, Felipe, Leung, Patrick W. L., Liu, Jianghong, Montirosso, Rosario, Oh, Kyung Ja, Plueck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, Shahini, Mimoza, Silva, Jaime R., Simsek, Zynep, Sourander, Andre, Valverde, Jose, Van Leeuwen, Karla G., Woo, Bernardine S. C., Wu, Yen-Tzu, Zubrick, Stephen R., Verhulst, Frank C., Ivanova, Masha Y., Achenbach, Thomas M., Rescorla, Leslie A., Harder, Valerie S., Ang, Rebecca P., Bilenberg, Niels, Bjarnadottir, Gudrun, Capron, Christiane, De Pauw, Sarah S. W., Dias, Pedro, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Duyme, Michele, Eapen, Valsamma, Erol, Nese, Esmaeili, Elaheh Mohammad, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Frigerio, Alessandra, Goncalves, Miguel M., Gudmundsson, Halldor S., Jeng, Suh-Fang, Jetishi, Pranvera, Jusiene, Roma, Kim, Young-Ah, Kristensen, Solvejg, Lecannelier, Felipe, Leung, Patrick W. L., Liu, Jianghong, Montirosso, Rosario, Oh, Kyung Ja, Plueck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, Shahini, Mimoza, Silva, Jaime R., Simsek, Zynep, Sourander, Andre, Valverde, Jose, Van Leeuwen, Karla G., Woo, Bernardine S. C., Wu, Yen-Tzu, Zubrick, Stephen R., and Verhulst, Frank C.

Abstract

Objective: To test the fit of a seven-syndrome model to ratings of preschoolers' problems by parents in very diverse societies. Method: Parents of 19,106 children 18 to 71 months of age from 23 societies in Asia, Australasia, Europe, the Middle East, and South America completed the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (CBCL/1.5-5). Confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the seven-syndrome model separately for each society. Results: The primary model fit index, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), indicated acceptable to good fit for each society. Although a six-syndrome model combining the Emotionally Reactive and Anxious/Depressed syndromes also fit the data for nine societies, it fit less well than the seven-syndrome model for seven of the nine societies. Other fit indices yielded less consistent results than the RMSEA. Conclusions: The seven-syndrome model provides one way to capture patterns of children's problems that are manifested in ratings by parents from many societies. Clinicians working with preschoolers from these societies can thus assess and describe parents' ratings of behavioral, emotional, and social problems in terms of the seven syndromes. The results illustrate possibilities for culture general taxonomic constructs of preschool psychopathology. Problems not captured by the CBCL/1.5-5 may form additional syndromes, and other syndrome models may also fit the data. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2010;49(12):1215-1224.

Published
2010

14. International Comparisons of Emotionally Reactive Problems in Preschoolers: CBCL/11/2-5 Findings from 21 Societies

Author

Rescorla, Leslie A., Genaro, Breana, Ivanova, Masha Y., Bilenberg, Niels, Bjarnadottir, Gudrun, Capron, Christiane, De Pauw, Sarah, Dias, Pedro, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Duyme, Michel, Esmaeili, Elaheh, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Frigerio, Alessandra, Fung, Daniel S. S., Goncalves, Miguel, Guomundsson, Halldor, Jeng, Suh-Fang, Jusiene, Roma, Kim, Young-Ah, Kristensen, Solveig, Liu, Jianghong, Lecannelier, Felipe, Leung, Patrick, Machado, Barbara Cesar, Montirosso, Rosario, Oh, Kyung-Ja, Ooi, Yoon Phaik, Pluck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, Pranvera, Jetishi, Shahini, Mimoza, Silva, Jaime, Valverde, Jose, van der Ende, Jan, Van Leeuwen, Karla, Verhulst, Frank C., Wu, Yen-Tzu, Yurdusen, Sema, Zubrick, Stephen R., Rescorla, Leslie A., Genaro, Breana, Ivanova, Masha Y., Bilenberg, Niels, Bjarnadottir, Gudrun, Capron, Christiane, De Pauw, Sarah, Dias, Pedro, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Duyme, Michel, Esmaeili, Elaheh, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Frigerio, Alessandra, Fung, Daniel S. S., Goncalves, Miguel, Guomundsson, Halldor, Jeng, Suh-Fang, Jusiene, Roma, Kim, Young-Ah, Kristensen, Solveig, Liu, Jianghong, Lecannelier, Felipe, Leung, Patrick, Machado, Barbara Cesar, Montirosso, Rosario, Oh, Kyung-Ja, Ooi, Yoon Phaik, Pluck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, Pranvera, Jetishi, Shahini, Mimoza, Silva, Jaime, Valverde, Jose, van der Ende, Jan, Van Leeuwen, Karla, Verhulst, Frank C., Wu, Yen-Tzu, Yurdusen, Sema, and Zubrick, Stephen R.

Abstract

Our goal was to conduct international comparisons of emotion regulation using the 9-item Emotionally Reactive (ER) syndrome of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 11/2-5. We analyzed parent ratings for 17,964 preschoolers from 21 societies, which were grouped into 8 GLOBE study culture clusters (e.g., Nordic, Confucian Asian). Omnicultural broad base rates for ER items ranged from 8.0% to 38.8%. Rank ordering for mean item ratings varied widely across societies (omnicultural Q = .50) but less so across culture clusters (M Q = .66). Societal similarity in mean item rank ordering varied by culture cluster, with large within-cluster similarity for Anglo (Q = .96), Latin Europe (Q = .74), Germanic (Q = .77), and Latin American (Q = .76) clusters, but smaller within-cluster similarity for Nordic, Eastern Europe, and Confucian Asian clusters (Qs = .52, .23, and .44, respectively). Confirmatory factor analyses of the ER syndrome supported configural invariance for all 21 societies. All 9 items showed full to approximate metric invariance, but only 3 items showed approximate scalar invariance. The ER syndrome correlated . 65 with the Anxious/Depressed (A/D) syndrome and .63 with the Aggressive Behavior syndrome. ER items varied in base rates and factor loadings, and societies varied in rank ordering of items as low, medium, or high in mean ratings. Item rank order similarity among societies in the same culture cluster varied widely across culture clusters, suggesting the importance of cultural factors in the assessment of emotion regulation in preschoolers.

15. International Comparisons of Emotionally Reactive Problems in Preschoolers: CBCL/11/2-5 Findings from 21 Societies

Author

Rescorla, Leslie A., Genaro, Breana, Ivanova, Masha Y., Bilenberg, Niels, Bjarnadottir, Gudrun, Capron, Christiane, De Pauw, Sarah, Dias, Pedro, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Duyme, Michel, Esmaeili, Elaheh, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Frigerio, Alessandra, Fung, Daniel S. S., Goncalves, Miguel, Guomundsson, Halldor, Jeng, Suh-Fang, Jusiene, Roma, Kim, Young-Ah, Kristensen, Solveig, Liu, Jianghong, Lecannelier, Felipe, Leung, Patrick, Machado, Barbara Cesar, Montirosso, Rosario, Oh, Kyung-Ja, Ooi, Yoon Phaik, Pluck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, Pranvera, Jetishi, Shahini, Mimoza, Silva, Jaime, Valverde, Jose, van der Ende, Jan, Van Leeuwen, Karla, Verhulst, Frank C., Wu, Yen-Tzu, Yurdusen, Sema, Zubrick, Stephen R., Rescorla, Leslie A., Genaro, Breana, Ivanova, Masha Y., Bilenberg, Niels, Bjarnadottir, Gudrun, Capron, Christiane, De Pauw, Sarah, Dias, Pedro, Dobrean, Anca, Doepfner, Manfred, Duyme, Michel, Esmaeili, Elaheh, Ezpeleta, Lourdes, Frigerio, Alessandra, Fung, Daniel S. S., Goncalves, Miguel, Guomundsson, Halldor, Jeng, Suh-Fang, Jusiene, Roma, Kim, Young-Ah, Kristensen, Solveig, Liu, Jianghong, Lecannelier, Felipe, Leung, Patrick, Machado, Barbara Cesar, Montirosso, Rosario, Oh, Kyung-Ja, Ooi, Yoon Phaik, Pluck, Julia, Pomalima, Rolando, Pranvera, Jetishi, Shahini, Mimoza, Silva, Jaime, Valverde, Jose, van der Ende, Jan, Van Leeuwen, Karla, Verhulst, Frank C., Wu, Yen-Tzu, Yurdusen, Sema, and Zubrick, Stephen R.

Abstract

Our goal was to conduct international comparisons of emotion regulation using the 9-item Emotionally Reactive (ER) syndrome of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 11/2-5. We analyzed parent ratings for 17,964 preschoolers from 21 societies, which were grouped into 8 GLOBE study culture clusters (e.g., Nordic, Confucian Asian). Omnicultural broad base rates for ER items ranged from 8.0% to 38.8%. Rank ordering for mean item ratings varied widely across societies (omnicultural Q = .50) but less so across culture clusters (M Q = .66). Societal similarity in mean item rank ordering varied by culture cluster, with large within-cluster similarity for Anglo (Q = .96), Latin Europe (Q = .74), Germanic (Q = .77), and Latin American (Q = .76) clusters, but smaller within-cluster similarity for Nordic, Eastern Europe, and Confucian Asian clusters (Qs = .52, .23, and .44, respectively). Confirmatory factor analyses of the ER syndrome supported configural invariance for all 21 societies. All 9 items showed full to approximate metric invariance, but only 3 items showed approximate scalar invariance. The ER syndrome correlated . 65 with the Anxious/Depressed (A/D) syndrome and .63 with the Aggressive Behavior syndrome. ER items varied in base rates and factor loadings, and societies varied in rank ordering of items as low, medium, or high in mean ratings. Item rank order similarity among societies in the same culture cluster varied widely across culture clusters, suggesting the importance of cultural factors in the assessment of emotion regulation in preschoolers.

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