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Objective: Moral distress emanating from value conflicts comprising ethical dimensions pose a threat to nurses’ health and retention, as well as to the quality of care. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between the frequency of ethical value conflicts (EVC), and the perceived distress when they occur, respectively, and nurses’ work-related stress, burnout symptoms, turnover intent, team effectiveness, and patient safety. Method: A two-wave longitudinal cohort questionnaire study was performed among registered nurses at six hospitals in two Swedish regions. Cross-sectional analyses (T1) were based on 1817 nurses in 228 care units (CU), and longitudinal analyses (T1 – T2) on 965 nurses in 190 CU. Hypothesis testing was performed using multilevel controlled regression modeling. Result: The results indicated that nurses who were often exposed to EVC also to a higher extent tended to report these conflicts as stressful. Frequent exposure to EVC induced by insufficient resources, inapt organizational structures or interpersonal staff relations were cross-sectionally associated with work-related stress, burnout symptoms, turnover intent, and team effectiveness. The longitudinal analyses indicated that EVC induced by a lack of resources primarily had negative effects on nurses’ health and well-being. At the CU level, such conflicts also impaired team effectiveness. At the individual level, EVC induced by organizational constraints or interpersonal relations negatively affected care effectiveness. Conclusions: EVC are related to negative consequences in healthcare, and such processes take place both on the individual and organizational levels., CC-BY 4.0

Aim: To explore if and how nurses' perceived organizational support affects their ability to handle and resolve ethical value conflicts. Design: A mixed methods design with a longitudinal questionnaire survey and focus group interviews. Methods: A questionnaire survey in six hospitals in two Swedish regions provided data from 711 nurses responding twice (November–January 2019/2020 and November–January 2020/2021). A cross-lagged path model tested the mutual prospective influence between the organizational climate of perceived organizational support, frequency of ethical value conflicts, and resulting moral distress. Four focus group interviews were conducted with 21 strategically selected nurses (April–October 2021). Qualitative data collection and analysis were inspired by Grounded Theory. Results: A climate of perceived organizational support was empowering, contributing to role security. It prospectively decreased the frequency of ethical value conflicts but not the moral distress when conflicts did occur. Conclusion: It is important to facilitate the development of perceived organizational support among nurses, but also to reduce the occurrence of ethical value conflicts that the nurses cannot resolve. Implications for the Profession: By ensuring a shared care ideology, good interprofessional relations within the entire care organization, providing clear and supportive organizational structures, and utilizing competence adequately, healthcare managers can facilitate and support the development of perceived organizational support among nurses. Nurses who are empowered by perceived organizational support are stimulated by and take pride in their work and experience the work as meaningful and joyful. Impact: The study addressed the question of whether healthcare organizations could support nurses to resolving ethical value conflicts, and thus reduce moral distress. Perceived organizational support is related to factors such as ideological caring alignment and suppor, CC BY 4.0

Objective: Moral distress emanating from value conflicts comprising ethical dimensions pose a threat to nurses’ health and retention, as well as to the quality of care. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between the frequency of ethical value conflicts (EVC), and the perceived distress when they occur, respectively, and nurses’ work-related stress, burnout symptoms, turnover intent, team effectiveness, and patient safety. Method: A two-wave longitudinal cohort questionnaire study was performed among registered nurses at six hospitals in two Swedish regions. Cross-sectional analyses (T1) were based on 1817 nurses in 228 care units (CU), and longitudinal analyses (T1 – T2) on 965 nurses in 190 CU. Hypothesis testing was performed using multilevel controlled regression modeling. Result: The results indicated that nurses who were often exposed to EVC also to a higher extent tended to report these conflicts as stressful. Frequent exposure to EVC induced by insufficient resources, inapt organizational structures or interpersonal staff relations were cross-sectionally associated with work-related stress, burnout symptoms, turnover intent, and team effectiveness. The longitudinal analyses indicated that EVC induced by a lack of resources primarily had negative effects on nurses’ health and well-being. At the CU level, such conflicts also impaired team effectiveness. At the individual level, EVC induced by organizational constraints or interpersonal relations negatively affected care effectiveness. Conclusions: EVC are related to negative consequences in healthcare, and such processes take place both on the individual and organizational levels., CC-BY 4.0

Aim: To explore if and how nurses' perceived organizational support affects their ability to handle and resolve ethical value conflicts. Design: A mixed methods design with a longitudinal questionnaire survey and focus group interviews. Methods: A questionnaire survey in six hospitals in two Swedish regions provided data from 711 nurses responding twice (November–January 2019/2020 and November–January 2020/2021). A cross-lagged path model tested the mutual prospective influence between the organizational climate of perceived organizational support, frequency of ethical value conflicts, and resulting moral distress. Four focus group interviews were conducted with 21 strategically selected nurses (April–October 2021). Qualitative data collection and analysis were inspired by Grounded Theory. Results: A climate of perceived organizational support was empowering, contributing to role security. It prospectively decreased the frequency of ethical value conflicts but not the moral distress when conflicts did occur. Conclusion: It is important to facilitate the development of perceived organizational support among nurses, but also to reduce the occurrence of ethical value conflicts that the nurses cannot resolve. Implications for the Profession: By ensuring a shared care ideology, good interprofessional relations within the entire care organization, providing clear and supportive organizational structures, and utilizing competence adequately, healthcare managers can facilitate and support the development of perceived organizational support among nurses. Nurses who are empowered by perceived organizational support are stimulated by and take pride in their work and experience the work as meaningful and joyful. Impact: The study addressed the question of whether healthcare organizations could support nurses to resolving ethical value conflicts, and thus reduce moral distress. Perceived organizational support is related to factors such as ideological caring alignment and suppor, CC BY 4.0

Denna masteruppsats undersöker hur styrsystem påverkar en innovationsgrupps förmåga att innovera inom ett stort, etablerat företag i transportsektorn. Studien fokuserar på direkta styrmedel, specifikt handlings- och resultatstyrning, och deras inverkan på innovationsaktiviteter. Innovation är en avgörande drivkraft för konkurrensfördelar och värdeskapande, men att hantera det är en komplex utmaning för många företag. En abduktiv metod användes, inklusive semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda och chefer över olika divisioner, observationer av möten och dagliga operationer samt analys av relevanta dokument. Intervjuerna genomfördes i tre faser; en innovationsgrupp ansvariga för att utveckla och anpassa organisationens produktutbud vilka kommer att kallas DAPO, mellanchefer och ledningen. Resultaten visar att samspelet mellan handlings- och resultatstyrning påverkar gruppernas innovationspotential. Handlingsstyrning, som inkluderar specifika processer och beteenden som anställda måste följa, begränsar ofta kreativitet och flexibilitet. Resultatstyrning, som fokuserar på resultaten snarare än metoderna, kan dock motverka detta genom att ge grupperna incitament att innovera om de uppnår uppsatta mål. Studien visar att när dessa styrmedel inte är väl anpassade leder det till konflikter och ineffektivitet, särskilt för DAPO. För att bättre förstå hur resultat- och handlingsstyrning påverkar varandra och en grupp, utvecklades ett ramverk med stöd av resultaten som representerar effekterna. Ramverket visar hur en grupp, som DAPO, inte kan uppfylla sitt syfte i organisationen på grund av brist på handlings- och resultatstyrning inom gruppen. Istället måste de koppla samman med en annan grupp för att uppnå detta, vilket ofta inte överensstämmer med den gruppens upplevda syfte, vilket leder till konflikter. För att hantera dessa utmaningar diskuterar uppsatsen en bättre integration av handlings-och resultatstyrning med hjälp av DAPO för att säkerställa att de kompletterar, This master's thesis examines the influence of management control systems (MCS) on a team's ability to innovate within a large, established firm in the transport sector. The study focuses on direct controls, specifically action and result controls, and their impact on innovation activities. Innovation is recognized as a crucial driver of competitive advantage and value creation, yet managing it remains a complex challenge for many firms. The research methodology involved an abductive approach, including semi-structured interviews with employees and managers across different divisions, observations of meetings and daily operations, and analysis of relevant documents. The interviews were conducted in three phases, capturing perspectives from an innovation team responsible for developing and adapting the organizations product offering that will be referred to as DAPO, mid-level managers, and top management. Findings indicate that the interaction between action and result controls significantly affects the teams innovation potential. Action controls, which include specific processes and behaviors that employees must follow, often restrict creativity and flexibility. However, result controls, which focus on the outcomes rather than the methods, can counterbalance this by providing teams with the incentive to innovate if they achieve set targets. The study revealed that when these controls are not well-aligned, it leads to conflicts and inefficiencies, particularly for DAPO. To better understand how result and action controls affect each other and a team, a framework was developed with support from the findings that represent the effects. It shows how a team, such as DAPO, is not able to fulfill their purpose in the organization due to lack of action and result controls on their team. Instead, they must connect with another team to achieve this, which often misaligns with that teams perceived purpose, leading to conflicts. To address these challenges, the thesis discusses

Spendrups is one of Sweden's leading breweries with an annual production of 360 millions liters of beverages. In addition to their sales and production, they also offer to repurchase the beverages if the customer has changed their mind, received the wrong products or if the beverages were damaged during transport. Spendrups is experiencing disruptions in the return process, which has been identified in the study through a process mapping. The purpose of the study is to help Spendrups gain a better understanding about the activities in the return process. The process mapping was conducted after interviews and observations with personnel from relevant departments where the data also was collected. Data was used to design the process map, which was later verified by relevant personnel. Disruptions were identified through interviews and observations, as well as through the designing of the process map. After interviews, observations, and the design of the process map, several areas of disruption could be identified. Some noted disruptions include lack of information sharing, manual work processes, and tracking of recurring issues. The observed disturbances lead to a slower work process in several departments, mishandling in one department often affects the next department which has consequences for the whole process. An improvement suggestion is to complement digital work routines such as handheld scanners at the terminal in Loviseberg to minimize errors caused by human factors. Another improvement is to introduce deviation reports to follow up recurring problems which could lead to identifying the underlying problem and work to resolve it. Finally, several improvement suggestions are presented in addition to the two previously mentioned, as well as some additional improvement areas which could be further studied., Spendrups är ett av Sveriges ledande bryggerier som årligen producerar cirka 360 miljoner liter dryck. Utöver deras produktion och försäljning erbjuder de även att köpa tillbaka dryck ifall kunden har ångrat sig, fått fel leverans eller något skadats i transporten. Spendrups upplever störningar i returprocessen av fullgods, som innefattar intakta produkter, vilka har identifierats i studien med hjälp av en processkartläggning. Studiens syfte är att hjälpa Spendrups med att få en större förståelse kring aktiviteterna i returprocessen. Processkartläggningen genomfördes efter intervjuer och observationer med personer på berörda avdelningar, där data samlades in. Datan användes till att utforma en processkartläggning, som sedan verifierades av personal på avdelningar kopplade till processkartan. Störningar identifierades genom intervjuer och observationer samt via utformning av processkartan. Efter intervjuer, observationer och utformningen av processkartan kunde flera störningsområden identifieras. Några noterade störningar är bristande informationsdelning, manuella arbetsrutiner och uppföljning av återkommande problem. De noterade störningarna bidrar till en långsammare arbetsprocess i flera avdelningar, en störning eller felhantering i en avdelning påverkar nästa avdelning, vilket får konsekvenser för hela returflödet. Ett förbättringsförslag som föreslås är att införa digitala arbetsrutiner i form av handscanners på terminalen i Loviseberg för att minimera fel som uppstår på grund av den mänskliga faktorn. Ett annat förbättringsförslag som föreslås är att införa avvikelserapporter i arbetet med uppföljningen av återkommande problem, vilket skulle medföra att ett område som det konstant uppstår problem i kan studeras närmare och rotorsaken till problemet kan identifieras och därefter arbeta efter att lösa det. Slutligen presenteras flera förbättringsförslag utöver de två tidigare nämnda, och några ytterligare förbättringsförslag som kan studeras vidare föreslås i rap

Bakgrund: Våld i nära relationer är ett utbrett folkhälsoproblem världen över och orsakar många kvinnor fysiska och psykiska skador. Det är oftast män som utsätter kvinnor för våld, detta tyder på en tydlig mansdominerad samhällsstruktur och är en direkt kränkning av kvinnors rättigheter. Sjuksköterskor utgör en nyckelroll i att identifiera våldsutsatta kvinnor då dessa fall förekommer i alla olika vårdinstanser. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta våldsutsatta kvinnor i vården. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie vars resultat är baserat på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna är hämtade från PubMed och har både kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats. Huvudresultat: Sjuksköterskor upplever brist på kunskap och utbildning i sitt yrke för att identifiera och bemöta våldsutsatta kvinnor. Brister i verksamheten som avsaknaden av rutiner och riktlinjer eller för hög arbetsbelastning gör att sjuksköterskor inte kan eller hinner ta sig tiden att hjälpa dessa kvinnor. Att ämnet är stigmatiserat och kulturella skillnader är bidragande faktorer till att sjuksköterskor upplever ett hinder i sitt yrke att ta sig an fall av våld i nära relationer. Slutsats: För att arbetet mot våld i nära relationer ska gå framåt och för att kvinnor ska få god och relevant vård så är detta ett ämne som bör uppmärksammas mer. Vidare krävs tydliga rutiner och riktlinjer från arbetsplatser som sjuksköterskor kan förhålla sig till och stödja sig emot. Utbildning på sin aktuella arbetsplats men även så tidigt som under utbildningen till sjuksköterska behövs för att sjuksköterskor ska känna sig självsäkra och bekväma i sin roll att bemöta våldsutsatta kvinnor., Background: Intimate partner violence is a public health problem worldwide and is the cause of many women’s physical and psychological injuries. The fact that men often subject violence against women indicates a male-dominant social structure and is a direct violation of women’s rights. Nurses therefore play a key role in identifying women exposed to violence as these cases occur in various healthcare institutions. Aim: To describe nurse’s experiences of meeting women exposed to intimate partner violence. Method: A descriptive literature study. The results are based on 12 scientific articles. These articles were collected from the database PubMed and have both qualitative and quantitative approach. Result: Nurses experience a lack of knowledge and training to identify and respond to intimate partner violence. Shortage in healthcare operations such as a lack of routines and guidelines or heavy workload means that nurses cannot or do not have the time to help these women. Stigma and cultural differences contribute to nurses experiencing obstacles in their profession to deal with cases of intimate partner violence. Conclusion: In order for the work against intimate partner violence to progress and for women to receive qualitative care, this is a topic that should receive more attention. Furthermore, routines and guidelines from the workplace are required for the nurses to relate to and lean against. Training in the current workplace, but also as early as in nursingschool are needed so that the nurses feel confident and comfortable in their role of responding to women exposed to intimate partner violence.

Aim: To explore if and how nurses' perceived organizational support affects their ability to handle and resolve ethical value conflicts. Design: A mixed methods design with a longitudinal questionnaire survey and focus group interviews. Methods: A questionnaire survey in six hospitals in two Swedish regions provided data from 711 nurses responding twice (November–January 2019/2020 and November–January 2020/2021). A cross-lagged path model tested the mutual prospective influence between the organizational climate of perceived organizational support, frequency of ethical value conflicts, and resulting moral distress. Four focus group interviews were conducted with 21 strategically selected nurses (April–October 2021). Qualitative data collection and analysis were inspired by Grounded Theory. Results: A climate of perceived organizational support was empowering, contributing to role security. It prospectively decreased the frequency of ethical value conflicts but not the moral distress when conflicts did occur. Conclusion: It is important to facilitate the development of perceived organizational support among nurses, but also to reduce the occurrence of ethical value conflicts that the nurses cannot resolve. Implications for the Profession: By ensuring a shared care ideology, good interprofessional relations within the entire care organization, providing clear and supportive organizational structures, and utilizing competence adequately, healthcare managers can facilitate and support the development of perceived organizational support among nurses. Nurses who are empowered by perceived organizational support are stimulated by and take pride in their work and experience the work as meaningful and joyful. Impact: The study addressed the question of whether healthcare organizations could support nurses to resolving ethical value conflicts, and thus reduce moral distress. Perceived organizational support is related to factors such as ideological caring alignment and suppor, CC BY 4.0

Denna masteruppsats undersöker hur styrsystem påverkar en innovationsgrupps förmåga att innovera inom ett stort, etablerat företag i transportsektorn. Studien fokuserar på direkta styrmedel, specifikt handlings- och resultatstyrning, och deras inverkan på innovationsaktiviteter. Innovation är en avgörande drivkraft för konkurrensfördelar och värdeskapande, men att hantera det är en komplex utmaning för många företag. En abduktiv metod användes, inklusive semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda och chefer över olika divisioner, observationer av möten och dagliga operationer samt analys av relevanta dokument. Intervjuerna genomfördes i tre faser; en innovationsgrupp ansvariga för att utveckla och anpassa organisationens produktutbud vilka kommer att kallas DAPO, mellanchefer och ledningen. Resultaten visar att samspelet mellan handlings- och resultatstyrning påverkar gruppernas innovationspotential. Handlingsstyrning, som inkluderar specifika processer och beteenden som anställda måste följa, begränsar ofta kreativitet och flexibilitet. Resultatstyrning, som fokuserar på resultaten snarare än metoderna, kan dock motverka detta genom att ge grupperna incitament att innovera om de uppnår uppsatta mål. Studien visar att när dessa styrmedel inte är väl anpassade leder det till konflikter och ineffektivitet, särskilt för DAPO. För att bättre förstå hur resultat- och handlingsstyrning påverkar varandra och en grupp, utvecklades ett ramverk med stöd av resultaten som representerar effekterna. Ramverket visar hur en grupp, som DAPO, inte kan uppfylla sitt syfte i organisationen på grund av brist på handlings- och resultatstyrning inom gruppen. Istället måste de koppla samman med en annan grupp för att uppnå detta, vilket ofta inte överensstämmer med den gruppens upplevda syfte, vilket leder till konflikter. För att hantera dessa utmaningar diskuterar uppsatsen en bättre integration av handlings-och resultatstyrning med hjälp av DAPO för att säkerställa att de kompletterar, This master's thesis examines the influence of management control systems (MCS) on a team's ability to innovate within a large, established firm in the transport sector. The study focuses on direct controls, specifically action and result controls, and their impact on innovation activities. Innovation is recognized as a crucial driver of competitive advantage and value creation, yet managing it remains a complex challenge for many firms. The research methodology involved an abductive approach, including semi-structured interviews with employees and managers across different divisions, observations of meetings and daily operations, and analysis of relevant documents. The interviews were conducted in three phases, capturing perspectives from an innovation team responsible for developing and adapting the organizations product offering that will be referred to as DAPO, mid-level managers, and top management. Findings indicate that the interaction between action and result controls significantly affects the teams innovation potential. Action controls, which include specific processes and behaviors that employees must follow, often restrict creativity and flexibility. However, result controls, which focus on the outcomes rather than the methods, can counterbalance this by providing teams with the incentive to innovate if they achieve set targets. The study revealed that when these controls are not well-aligned, it leads to conflicts and inefficiencies, particularly for DAPO. To better understand how result and action controls affect each other and a team, a framework was developed with support from the findings that represent the effects. It shows how a team, such as DAPO, is not able to fulfill their purpose in the organization due to lack of action and result controls on their team. Instead, they must connect with another team to achieve this, which often misaligns with that teams perceived purpose, leading to conflicts. To address these challenges, the thesis discusses

Spendrups is one of Sweden's leading breweries with an annual production of 360 millions liters of beverages. In addition to their sales and production, they also offer to repurchase the beverages if the customer has changed their mind, received the wrong products or if the beverages were damaged during transport. Spendrups is experiencing disruptions in the return process, which has been identified in the study through a process mapping. The purpose of the study is to help Spendrups gain a better understanding about the activities in the return process. The process mapping was conducted after interviews and observations with personnel from relevant departments where the data also was collected. Data was used to design the process map, which was later verified by relevant personnel. Disruptions were identified through interviews and observations, as well as through the designing of the process map. After interviews, observations, and the design of the process map, several areas of disruption could be identified. Some noted disruptions include lack of information sharing, manual work processes, and tracking of recurring issues. The observed disturbances lead to a slower work process in several departments, mishandling in one department often affects the next department which has consequences for the whole process. An improvement suggestion is to complement digital work routines such as handheld scanners at the terminal in Loviseberg to minimize errors caused by human factors. Another improvement is to introduce deviation reports to follow up recurring problems which could lead to identifying the underlying problem and work to resolve it. Finally, several improvement suggestions are presented in addition to the two previously mentioned, as well as some additional improvement areas which could be further studied., Spendrups är ett av Sveriges ledande bryggerier som årligen producerar cirka 360 miljoner liter dryck. Utöver deras produktion och försäljning erbjuder de även att köpa tillbaka dryck ifall kunden har ångrat sig, fått fel leverans eller något skadats i transporten. Spendrups upplever störningar i returprocessen av fullgods, som innefattar intakta produkter, vilka har identifierats i studien med hjälp av en processkartläggning. Studiens syfte är att hjälpa Spendrups med att få en större förståelse kring aktiviteterna i returprocessen. Processkartläggningen genomfördes efter intervjuer och observationer med personer på berörda avdelningar, där data samlades in. Datan användes till att utforma en processkartläggning, som sedan verifierades av personal på avdelningar kopplade till processkartan. Störningar identifierades genom intervjuer och observationer samt via utformning av processkartan. Efter intervjuer, observationer och utformningen av processkartan kunde flera störningsområden identifieras. Några noterade störningar är bristande informationsdelning, manuella arbetsrutiner och uppföljning av återkommande problem. De noterade störningarna bidrar till en långsammare arbetsprocess i flera avdelningar, en störning eller felhantering i en avdelning påverkar nästa avdelning, vilket får konsekvenser för hela returflödet. Ett förbättringsförslag som föreslås är att införa digitala arbetsrutiner i form av handscanners på terminalen i Loviseberg för att minimera fel som uppstår på grund av den mänskliga faktorn. Ett annat förbättringsförslag som föreslås är att införa avvikelserapporter i arbetet med uppföljningen av återkommande problem, vilket skulle medföra att ett område som det konstant uppstår problem i kan studeras närmare och rotorsaken till problemet kan identifieras och därefter arbeta efter att lösa det. Slutligen presenteras flera förbättringsförslag utöver de två tidigare nämnda, och några ytterligare förbättringsförslag som kan studeras vidare föreslås i rap

Bakgrund: Våld i nära relationer är ett utbrett folkhälsoproblem världen över och orsakar många kvinnor fysiska och psykiska skador. Det är oftast män som utsätter kvinnor för våld, detta tyder på en tydlig mansdominerad samhällsstruktur och är en direkt kränkning av kvinnors rättigheter. Sjuksköterskor utgör en nyckelroll i att identifiera våldsutsatta kvinnor då dessa fall förekommer i alla olika vårdinstanser. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta våldsutsatta kvinnor i vården. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie vars resultat är baserat på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna är hämtade från PubMed och har både kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats. Huvudresultat: Sjuksköterskor upplever brist på kunskap och utbildning i sitt yrke för att identifiera och bemöta våldsutsatta kvinnor. Brister i verksamheten som avsaknaden av rutiner och riktlinjer eller för hög arbetsbelastning gör att sjuksköterskor inte kan eller hinner ta sig tiden att hjälpa dessa kvinnor. Att ämnet är stigmatiserat och kulturella skillnader är bidragande faktorer till att sjuksköterskor upplever ett hinder i sitt yrke att ta sig an fall av våld i nära relationer. Slutsats: För att arbetet mot våld i nära relationer ska gå framåt och för att kvinnor ska få god och relevant vård så är detta ett ämne som bör uppmärksammas mer. Vidare krävs tydliga rutiner och riktlinjer från arbetsplatser som sjuksköterskor kan förhålla sig till och stödja sig emot. Utbildning på sin aktuella arbetsplats men även så tidigt som under utbildningen till sjuksköterska behövs för att sjuksköterskor ska känna sig självsäkra och bekväma i sin roll att bemöta våldsutsatta kvinnor., Background: Intimate partner violence is a public health problem worldwide and is the cause of many women’s physical and psychological injuries. The fact that men often subject violence against women indicates a male-dominant social structure and is a direct violation of women’s rights. Nurses therefore play a key role in identifying women exposed to violence as these cases occur in various healthcare institutions. Aim: To describe nurse’s experiences of meeting women exposed to intimate partner violence. Method: A descriptive literature study. The results are based on 12 scientific articles. These articles were collected from the database PubMed and have both qualitative and quantitative approach. Result: Nurses experience a lack of knowledge and training to identify and respond to intimate partner violence. Shortage in healthcare operations such as a lack of routines and guidelines or heavy workload means that nurses cannot or do not have the time to help these women. Stigma and cultural differences contribute to nurses experiencing obstacles in their profession to deal with cases of intimate partner violence. Conclusion: In order for the work against intimate partner violence to progress and for women to receive qualitative care, this is a topic that should receive more attention. Furthermore, routines and guidelines from the workplace are required for the nurses to relate to and lean against. Training in the current workplace, but also as early as in nursingschool are needed so that the nurses feel confident and comfortable in their role of responding to women exposed to intimate partner violence.

Objective: Moral distress emanating from value conflicts comprising ethical dimensions pose a threat to nurses’ health and retention, as well as to the quality of care. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between the frequency of ethical value conflicts (EVC), and the perceived distress when they occur, respectively, and nurses’ work-related stress, burnout symptoms, turnover intent, team effectiveness, and patient safety. Method: A two-wave longitudinal cohort questionnaire study was performed among registered nurses at six hospitals in two Swedish regions. Cross-sectional analyses (T1) were based on 1817 nurses in 228 care units (CU), and longitudinal analyses (T1 – T2) on 965 nurses in 190 CU. Hypothesis testing was performed using multilevel controlled regression modeling. Result: The results indicated that nurses who were often exposed to EVC also to a higher extent tended to report these conflicts as stressful. Frequent exposure to EVC induced by insufficient resources, inapt organizational structures or interpersonal staff relations were cross-sectionally associated with work-related stress, burnout symptoms, turnover intent, and team effectiveness. The longitudinal analyses indicated that EVC induced by a lack of resources primarily had negative effects on nurses’ health and well-being. At the CU level, such conflicts also impaired team effectiveness. At the individual level, EVC induced by organizational constraints or interpersonal relations negatively affected care effectiveness. Conclusions: EVC are related to negative consequences in healthcare, and such processes take place both on the individual and organizational levels., CC-BY 4.0

Objective: Moral distress emanating from value conflicts comprising ethical dimensions pose a threat to nurses’ health and retention, as well as to the quality of care. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between the frequency of ethical value conflicts (EVC), and the perceived distress when they occur, respectively, and nurses’ work-related stress, burnout symptoms, turnover intent, team effectiveness, and patient safety. Method: A two-wave longitudinal cohort questionnaire study was performed among registered nurses at six hospitals in two Swedish regions. Cross-sectional analyses (T1) were based on 1817 nurses in 228 care units (CU), and longitudinal analyses (T1 – T2) on 965 nurses in 190 CU. Hypothesis testing was performed using multilevel controlled regression modeling. Result: The results indicated that nurses who were often exposed to EVC also to a higher extent tended to report these conflicts as stressful. Frequent exposure to EVC induced by insufficient resources, inapt organizational structures or interpersonal staff relations were cross-sectionally associated with work-related stress, burnout symptoms, turnover intent, and team effectiveness. The longitudinal analyses indicated that EVC induced by a lack of resources primarily had negative effects on nurses’ health and well-being. At the CU level, such conflicts also impaired team effectiveness. At the individual level, EVC induced by organizational constraints or interpersonal relations negatively affected care effectiveness. Conclusions: EVC are related to negative consequences in healthcare, and such processes take place both on the individual and organizational levels., CC-BY 4.0

Objective: Moral distress emanating from value conflicts comprising ethical dimensions pose a threat to nurses’ health and retention, as well as to the quality of care. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between the frequency of ethical value conflicts (EVC), and the perceived distress when they occur, respectively, and nurses’ work-related stress, burnout symptoms, turnover intent, team effectiveness, and patient safety. Method: A two-wave longitudinal cohort questionnaire study was performed among registered nurses at six hospitals in two Swedish regions. Cross-sectional analyses (T1) were based on 1817 nurses in 228 care units (CU), and longitudinal analyses (T1 – T2) on 965 nurses in 190 CU. Hypothesis testing was performed using multilevel controlled regression modeling. Result: The results indicated that nurses who were often exposed to EVC also to a higher extent tended to report these conflicts as stressful. Frequent exposure to EVC induced by insufficient resources, inapt organizational structures or interpersonal staff relations were cross-sectionally associated with work-related stress, burnout symptoms, turnover intent, and team effectiveness. The longitudinal analyses indicated that EVC induced by a lack of resources primarily had negative effects on nurses’ health and well-being. At the CU level, such conflicts also impaired team effectiveness. At the individual level, EVC induced by organizational constraints or interpersonal relations negatively affected care effectiveness. Conclusions: EVC are related to negative consequences in healthcare, and such processes take place both on the individual and organizational levels., CC-BY 4.0

Aim: To explore if and how nurses' perceived organizational support affects their ability to handle and resolve ethical value conflicts. Design: A mixed methods design with a longitudinal questionnaire survey and focus group interviews. Methods: A questionnaire survey in six hospitals in two Swedish regions provided data from 711 nurses responding twice (November–January 2019/2020 and November–January 2020/2021). A cross-lagged path model tested the mutual prospective influence between the organizational climate of perceived organizational support, frequency of ethical value conflicts, and resulting moral distress. Four focus group interviews were conducted with 21 strategically selected nurses (April–October 2021). Qualitative data collection and analysis were inspired by Grounded Theory. Results: A climate of perceived organizational support was empowering, contributing to role security. It prospectively decreased the frequency of ethical value conflicts but not the moral distress when conflicts did occur. Conclusion: It is important to facilitate the development of perceived organizational support among nurses, but also to reduce the occurrence of ethical value conflicts that the nurses cannot resolve. Implications for the Profession: By ensuring a shared care ideology, good interprofessional relations within the entire care organization, providing clear and supportive organizational structures, and utilizing competence adequately, healthcare managers can facilitate and support the development of perceived organizational support among nurses. Nurses who are empowered by perceived organizational support are stimulated by and take pride in their work and experience the work as meaningful and joyful. Impact: The study addressed the question of whether healthcare organizations could support nurses to resolving ethical value conflicts, and thus reduce moral distress. Perceived organizational support is related to factors such as ideological caring alignment and suppor, CC BY 4.0

Aim: To explore if and how nurses' perceived organizational support affects their ability to handle and resolve ethical value conflicts. Design: A mixed methods design with a longitudinal questionnaire survey and focus group interviews. Methods: A questionnaire survey in six hospitals in two Swedish regions provided data from 711 nurses responding twice (November–January 2019/2020 and November–January 2020/2021). A cross-lagged path model tested the mutual prospective influence between the organizational climate of perceived organizational support, frequency of ethical value conflicts, and resulting moral distress. Four focus group interviews were conducted with 21 strategically selected nurses (April–October 2021). Qualitative data collection and analysis were inspired by Grounded Theory. Results: A climate of perceived organizational support was empowering, contributing to role security. It prospectively decreased the frequency of ethical value conflicts but not the moral distress when conflicts did occur. Conclusion: It is important to facilitate the development of perceived organizational support among nurses, but also to reduce the occurrence of ethical value conflicts that the nurses cannot resolve. Implications for the Profession: By ensuring a shared care ideology, good interprofessional relations within the entire care organization, providing clear and supportive organizational structures, and utilizing competence adequately, healthcare managers can facilitate and support the development of perceived organizational support among nurses. Nurses who are empowered by perceived organizational support are stimulated by and take pride in their work and experience the work as meaningful and joyful. Impact: The study addressed the question of whether healthcare organizations could support nurses to resolving ethical value conflicts, and thus reduce moral distress. Perceived organizational support is related to factors such as ideological caring alignment and suppor, CC BY 4.0

Aim: To explore if and how nurses' perceived organizational support affects their ability to handle and resolve ethical value conflicts. Design: A mixed methods design with a longitudinal questionnaire survey and focus group interviews. Methods: A questionnaire survey in six hospitals in two Swedish regions provided data from 711 nurses responding twice (November–January 2019/2020 and November–January 2020/2021). A cross-lagged path model tested the mutual prospective influence between the organizational climate of perceived organizational support, frequency of ethical value conflicts, and resulting moral distress. Four focus group interviews were conducted with 21 strategically selected nurses (April–October 2021). Qualitative data collection and analysis were inspired by Grounded Theory. Results: A climate of perceived organizational support was empowering, contributing to role security. It prospectively decreased the frequency of ethical value conflicts but not the moral distress when conflicts did occur. Conclusion: It is important to facilitate the development of perceived organizational support among nurses, but also to reduce the occurrence of ethical value conflicts that the nurses cannot resolve. Implications for the Profession: By ensuring a shared care ideology, good interprofessional relations within the entire care organization, providing clear and supportive organizational structures, and utilizing competence adequately, healthcare managers can facilitate and support the development of perceived organizational support among nurses. Nurses who are empowered by perceived organizational support are stimulated by and take pride in their work and experience the work as meaningful and joyful. Impact: The study addressed the question of whether healthcare organizations could support nurses to resolving ethical value conflicts, and thus reduce moral distress. Perceived organizational support is related to factors such as ideological caring alignment and suppor, CC BY 4.0

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka den relation som finns mellan företagsmässiga faktorer, som enligt teori och tidigare litteratur kan påverka företags hållbarhetsredovisning, och deras ESG-betyg. Följaktligen är syftet även att undersöka om det finns skillnader i hållbarhetsredovisningen för medlemsländer i EU och övriga länder i regionen Europa, för att utröna om den Europeiska unionens lagar och regler har spridits över gränser och på så sätt institutionaliserats. Metod: Studien använder sig av en deduktiv ansats med en kvantitativ metod, för att undersöka data insamlad från årsredovisningar via databasen Refinitiv för perioden 2020–2023. ESG-betyg generareas av databasen och är inhämtat i samband med övriga data. Urvalet består av cirka 2 500 publika företag inom regionen Europa. De hypoteser som studien leder fram till testas stegvis genom multipel regressionsanalys. Den beroende variabeln är ESG-betyg och de oberoende är finansiell styrka, FoU, EU samt miljökänslig bransch. Studien använder sig även av två kontrollvariabler; företagsstorlek samt skuldsättningsgrad. Slutsats: Undersökningen kunde lokalisera ett negativt signifikant samband mellan ESG och finansiell styrka. Det styrker viss tidigare forskning som påvisat ett negativt samband mellan dessa variabler. Resultatet går i linje med intressentteorin, de företag som tar sitt sociala ansvar kan välja att avstå från lukrativa affärsmöjligheter och kan där med inneha en lägre finansiell styrka. Studien kunde även se signifikanta positiva samband mellan ESG och FoU samt EU tillhörighet. En slutsats som dras från detta resultat är att de företag som investerar i FoU även tenderar att ha en starkare hållbarhetsredovisning och tar sitt sociala ansvar. Studien styrker uppfattningen om att innovation är nyckeln till hållbarhet. Originalitet/värde: Tidigare studier som har undersökt sambandet mellan hållbarhetsredovisning och företagsmässiga faktorer har kontradiktoriska resultat. Därmed finns det utrymme, The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate factors, which according to theory and previous literature can influence their sustainability reporting, and their ESG score. Consequently, the aim is also to investigate if there are differences in sustainability reporting among EU member countries and other countries in the European region, in order to determine if the laws and regulations of EU have spread across borders and thereby institutionalized. Method: The study employs a deductive approach with a quantitative method to examine data collected from annual reports through the Refinitiv database for the period 2020-2023. ESG scores are generated by the database and are obtained alongside other data. The sample consists of approximately 2,500 public companies within the European region. The hypotheses generated by the study are assessed incrementally through multiple regression analysis. The dependent variable is the ESG score, and the independent variables are financial strength, R&D, EU membership, and environmentally sensitive industry. The study also includes two control variables: company size and leverage ratio. Conclusion: The study was able to identify a significant negative relationship between ESG and financial strength. This supports previous research that has demonstrated a negative association between these variables. The result aligns with stakeholder theory, as companies that prioritize social responsibility may choose to forgo lucrative business opportunities, potentially leading to lower financial strength. The study also found significant positive relationships between ESG and R&D as well as EU membership. A conclusion drawn from these findings is that companies investing in R&D also tend to have stronger sustainability reporting and demonstrate social responsibility. The study reinforces the belief that innovation is the key to sustainability. Originality/Value: Previous studies examining the relationship

This study treats participants' attitudes and interpretations of participation in communion within the denomination Church of Sweden. This study has had an inductive approach by conducting interviews and questionnaires during the spring of 2023. Interviews were conducted with 6 informants and questionnaires were handed out at one worship with mass on 2 April, which generated 68 answered questionnaires. The questions this study has sought to answer are: - Which attitudes do worship participants have towards walking procession and kneeling when participating in communion? - Which interpretations do worship participants have regarding walking procession and kneeling when participating in communion? The result which in itself is an inductive processing of the material was analyzed by two main theoretical standpoints. The first was implicit ecclesiology and theology and the second was participation. What emerged was that there are a variety of attitudes and interpretations regarding both walking procession and kneeling, when participating in communion. The result points towards that participating in communion overall is a rite people appreciate and have a variety of interpretations regarding. The majority of the informants tend to show a more positive attitude towards walking procession when participating in communion contra kneeling. The material is constricted regarding only having handed out questionnaires at oneworship occasion with a walking procession. For future studies within this field, it would be sufficient to also hand out questionnaires at worship occasions where kneeling, when participating in communion, is the normative practice.

Date: 30-05-2023 Level: Bachelor Thesis In Business Administration, 15 cr Institution: School of Business, Society & Engineering, Mälardalens University Authors: Otrakci Zehra, Akimova Daria, Pousette Joar Title: Staying elegant whilst navigating CSR in a stormy world of crisis within the fashion industry: CSR as a tool to mitigate future global crisis on the fashion industry Supervisor: Konstantin Lampou Keywords: Crisis Management, CSR, Fashion, Covid-19, Crisis Mitigation Purpose: Existing literature has explored the relationship between CSR and crisis management,as well as effects of CSR on brand reputation, financial performance, and competitive advantage. Lastly, some studies investigated the use of CSR as a response to crises. The aim of this study isto explore and gain a deeper understanding of how fashion brands use CSR as a tool to mitigatenegative effects of future global crises on the fashion industry. Research question: How are fashion companies using CSR as a tool to mitigate the negativeeffects of future global crises? Method: The research method is qualitative and exploratory in nature, data was gathered viainterviews with non probability sampling. Results were obtained via an inductive contentanalysis. A few limitations of the study are time constraints, a limited sample size, as well asgeographic limitations. Conclusion: Key findings of the research are that fashion brands focus on supply chainresilience to create economic sustainability. CSR activities that fashion brands are doing whichassist in the mitigation of the negative effects associated with global crises are: embedding CSRinternally to enhance reputation, including providing a safe and fair working environment; onlineeducation aiding in crisis preparation; more control on the supply chain to monitor CSR

This study treats participants' attitudes and interpretations of participation in communion within the denomination Church of Sweden. This study has had an inductive approach by conducting interviews and questionnaires during the spring of 2023. Interviews were conducted with 6 informants and questionnaires were handed out at one worship with mass on 2 April, which generated 68 answered questionnaires. The questions this study has sought to answer are: - Which attitudes do worship participants have towards walking procession and kneeling when participating in communion? - Which interpretations do worship participants have regarding walking procession and kneeling when participating in communion? The result which in itself is an inductive processing of the material was analyzed by two main theoretical standpoints. The first was implicit ecclesiology and theology and the second was participation. What emerged was that there are a variety of attitudes and interpretations regarding both walking procession and kneeling, when participating in communion. The result points towards that participating in communion overall is a rite people appreciate and have a variety of interpretations regarding. The majority of the informants tend to show a more positive attitude towards walking procession when participating in communion contra kneeling. The material is constricted regarding only having handed out questionnaires at oneworship occasion with a walking procession. For future studies within this field, it would be sufficient to also hand out questionnaires at worship occasions where kneeling, when participating in communion, is the normative practice.

The overload of content in digital services demands a way to filter the content for each individual user. The solution to this problem has come to be recommendation systems, which creates recommendations after the behavior patterns and preferences of each user. Previous research of recommendation systems tends to focus on the technical sides of the algorithms, and the user's perspective often gets forgotten. Although there's no direct connection between the preciseness of the algorithms and the users experience, instead subjective factors play an important role. This study wants to create a deeper understanding of the user experience of recommendation system in order to help digital services improve their use of these systems and hence their user experience. This study specifically examines how Spotify users experiences the services use of recommendation systems. Spotify is a music streaming service which uses recommendation systems in various functions. A qualitative study has been conducted through surveys, observations and interviews with a targeted audience. While analyzing the collected data recurrent themes were sorted under five categories. Based on recurrent themes we were able to state several conclusions. Problems in the interface design had an impact on the users experience of the functions based on recommendation systems, making interface an important aspect of the user experience of recommendation system. The purpose of using recommendation systems was described as to explore new music, although this purpose is generally not fulfilled. Although users found the recommendations relevant their core purpose was not fulfilled, this shows how significant research of the user perspective is. Lastly practical improvement suggestions are discussed, such as social interactions between users, a higher implementation of collaborative filtering and changes in the interface.

The VElocity foR Direct particle Identification spectrometer (VERDI) is a 2E-2v fission spectrometer that allows the measurement of the total mass distribution of secondary fission fragments with a resolving power of 1-2 u. It consists of two time-of-flight (ToF) arms, with one Micro Channel Plate (MCP) detector and up to 32 Silicon PIPS (Passive Implanted Planar Silicon) detectors per arm. The MCPs provide the start timing signals and the PIPS detectors provide both the energy and the stopping ToF signals. In real conditions, the PIPS signals are affected by the formation of plasma from the interaction between the heavy ions and the detector material. The plasma contributes to a reduction in signal amplitude, resulting in a Pulse Height Defect (PHD), and introduces a signal delay, known as Plasma Delay Time (PDT). An experiment to characterize the PDT and PHD was performed at the LOHENGRIN recoil separator of the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL). Characteristic fission fragments from the 239Pu(n,f) reaction were separated based on their A/Q and E/Q ratios, allowing the measurement of a wide range of energies from 21 to 110 MeV and masses between 80 and 149 u. Six PIPS detectors were characterized to study their individual responses to the PDT and PHD effects. The signals were recorded in a digital acquisition system to completely exploit the offline analysis capabilities. Achieved combined timing and energy resolutions for fission fragments varied between 72(2) ps and 100(4) ps and 1.4% - 2% (FWHM), respectively. Preliminary PHD and PDT data are presented from the masses A=85, 95, 130 and 143. The PHD trends are strongly correlated with both the ion energy and mass. The PDT, on the other hand, shows a strong variation as a function of the ion kinetic energy but a smaller dependence on the ion mass.

The VElocity foR Direct particle Identification spectrometer (VERDI) is a 2E-2v fission spectrometer that allows the measurement of the total mass distribution of secondary fission fragments with a resolving power of 1-2 u. It consists of two time-of-flight (ToF) arms, with one Micro Channel Plate (MCP) detector and up to 32 Silicon PIPS (Passive Implanted Planar Silicon) detectors per arm. The MCPs provide the start timing signals and the PIPS detectors provide both the energy and the stopping ToF signals. In real conditions, the PIPS signals are affected by the formation of plasma from the interaction between the heavy ions and the detector material. The plasma contributes to a reduction in signal amplitude, resulting in a Pulse Height Defect (PHD), and introduces a signal delay, known as Plasma Delay Time (PDT). An experiment to characterize the PDT and PHD was performed at the LOHENGRIN recoil separator of the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL). Characteristic fission fragments from the 239Pu(n,f) reaction were separated based on their A/Q and E/Q ratios, allowing the measurement of a wide range of energies from 21 to 110 MeV and masses between 80 and 149 u. Six PIPS detectors were characterized to study their individual responses to the PDT and PHD effects. The signals were recorded in a digital acquisition system to completely exploit the offline analysis capabilities. Achieved combined timing and energy resolutions for fission fragments varied between 72(2) ps and 100(4) ps and 1.4% - 2% (FWHM), respectively. Preliminary PHD and PDT data are presented from the masses A=85, 95, 130 and 143. The PHD trends are strongly correlated with both the ion energy and mass. The PDT, on the other hand, shows a strong variation as a function of the ion kinetic energy but a smaller dependence on the ion mass.

The VElocity foR Direct particle Identification spectrometer (VERDI) is a 2E-2v fission spectrometer that allows the measurement of the total mass distribution of secondary fission fragments with a resolving power of 1-2 u. It consists of two time-of-flight (ToF) arms, with one Micro Channel Plate (MCP) detector and up to 32 Silicon PIPS (Passive Implanted Planar Silicon) detectors per arm. The MCPs provide the start timing signals and the PIPS detectors provide both the energy and the stopping ToF signals. In real conditions, the PIPS signals are affected by the formation of plasma from the interaction between the heavy ions and the detector material. The plasma contributes to a reduction in signal amplitude, resulting in a Pulse Height Defect (PHD), and introduces a signal delay, known as Plasma Delay Time (PDT). An experiment to characterize the PDT and PHD was performed at the LOHENGRIN recoil separator of the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL). Characteristic fission fragments from the 239Pu(n,f) reaction were separated based on their A/Q and E/Q ratios, allowing the measurement of a wide range of energies from 21 to 110 MeV and masses between 80 and 149 u. Six PIPS detectors were characterized to study their individual responses to the PDT and PHD effects. The signals were recorded in a digital acquisition system to completely exploit the offline analysis capabilities. Achieved combined timing and energy resolutions for fission fragments varied between 72(2) ps and 100(4) ps and 1.4% - 2% (FWHM), respectively. Preliminary PHD and PDT data are presented from the masses A=85, 95, 130 and 143. The PHD trends are strongly correlated with both the ion energy and mass. The PDT, on the other hand, shows a strong variation as a function of the ion kinetic energy but a smaller dependence on the ion mass.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka den relation som finns mellan företagsmässiga faktorer, som enligt teori och tidigare litteratur kan påverka företags hållbarhetsredovisning, och deras ESG-betyg. Följaktligen är syftet även att undersöka om det finns skillnader i hållbarhetsredovisningen för medlemsländer i EU och övriga länder i regionen Europa, för att utröna om den Europeiska unionens lagar och regler har spridits över gränser och på så sätt institutionaliserats. Metod: Studien använder sig av en deduktiv ansats med en kvantitativ metod, för att undersöka data insamlad från årsredovisningar via databasen Refinitiv för perioden 2020–2023. ESG-betyg generareas av databasen och är inhämtat i samband med övriga data. Urvalet består av cirka 2 500 publika företag inom regionen Europa. De hypoteser som studien leder fram till testas stegvis genom multipel regressionsanalys. Den beroende variabeln är ESG-betyg och de oberoende är finansiell styrka, FoU, EU samt miljökänslig bransch. Studien använder sig även av två kontrollvariabler; företagsstorlek samt skuldsättningsgrad. Slutsats: Undersökningen kunde lokalisera ett negativt signifikant samband mellan ESG och finansiell styrka. Det styrker viss tidigare forskning som påvisat ett negativt samband mellan dessa variabler. Resultatet går i linje med intressentteorin, de företag som tar sitt sociala ansvar kan välja att avstå från lukrativa affärsmöjligheter och kan där med inneha en lägre finansiell styrka. Studien kunde även se signifikanta positiva samband mellan ESG och FoU samt EU tillhörighet. En slutsats som dras från detta resultat är att de företag som investerar i FoU även tenderar att ha en starkare hållbarhetsredovisning och tar sitt sociala ansvar. Studien styrker uppfattningen om att innovation är nyckeln till hållbarhet. Originalitet/värde: Tidigare studier som har undersökt sambandet mellan hållbarhetsredovisning och företagsmässiga faktorer har kontradiktoriska resultat. Därmed finns det utrymme, The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate factors, which according to theory and previous literature can influence their sustainability reporting, and their ESG score. Consequently, the aim is also to investigate if there are differences in sustainability reporting among EU member countries and other countries in the European region, in order to determine if the laws and regulations of EU have spread across borders and thereby institutionalized. Method: The study employs a deductive approach with a quantitative method to examine data collected from annual reports through the Refinitiv database for the period 2020-2023. ESG scores are generated by the database and are obtained alongside other data. The sample consists of approximately 2,500 public companies within the European region. The hypotheses generated by the study are assessed incrementally through multiple regression analysis. The dependent variable is the ESG score, and the independent variables are financial strength, R&D, EU membership, and environmentally sensitive industry. The study also includes two control variables: company size and leverage ratio. Conclusion: The study was able to identify a significant negative relationship between ESG and financial strength. This supports previous research that has demonstrated a negative association between these variables. The result aligns with stakeholder theory, as companies that prioritize social responsibility may choose to forgo lucrative business opportunities, potentially leading to lower financial strength. The study also found significant positive relationships between ESG and R&D as well as EU membership. A conclusion drawn from these findings is that companies investing in R&D also tend to have stronger sustainability reporting and demonstrate social responsibility. The study reinforces the belief that innovation is the key to sustainability. Originality/Value: Previous studies examining the relationship

The VElocity foR Direct particle Identification spectrometer (VERDI) is a 2E-2v fission spectrometer that allows the measurement of the total mass distribution of secondary fission fragments with a resolving power of 1-2 u. It consists of two time-of-flight (ToF) arms, with one Micro Channel Plate (MCP) detector and up to 32 Silicon PIPS (Passive Implanted Planar Silicon) detectors per arm. The MCPs provide the start timing signals and the PIPS detectors provide both the energy and the stopping ToF signals. In real conditions, the PIPS signals are affected by the formation of plasma from the interaction between the heavy ions and the detector material. The plasma contributes to a reduction in signal amplitude, resulting in a Pulse Height Defect (PHD), and introduces a signal delay, known as Plasma Delay Time (PDT). An experiment to characterize the PDT and PHD was performed at the LOHENGRIN recoil separator of the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL). Characteristic fission fragments from the 239Pu(n,f) reaction were separated based on their A/Q and E/Q ratios, allowing the measurement of a wide range of energies from 21 to 110 MeV and masses between 80 and 149 u. Six PIPS detectors were characterized to study their individual responses to the PDT and PHD effects. The signals were recorded in a digital acquisition system to completely exploit the offline analysis capabilities. Achieved combined timing and energy resolutions for fission fragments varied between 72(2) ps and 100(4) ps and 1.4% - 2% (FWHM), respectively. Preliminary PHD and PDT data are presented from the masses A=85, 95, 130 and 143. The PHD trends are strongly correlated with both the ion energy and mass. The PDT, on the other hand, shows a strong variation as a function of the ion kinetic energy but a smaller dependence on the ion mass.

The VElocity foR Direct particle Identification spectrometer (VERDI) is a 2E-2v fission spectrometer that allows the measurement of the total mass distribution of secondary fission fragments with a resolving power of 1-2 u. It consists of two time-of-flight (ToF) arms, with one Micro Channel Plate (MCP) detector and up to 32 Silicon PIPS (Passive Implanted Planar Silicon) detectors per arm. The MCPs provide the start timing signals and the PIPS detectors provide both the energy and the stopping ToF signals. In real conditions, the PIPS signals are affected by the formation of plasma from the interaction between the heavy ions and the detector material. The plasma contributes to a reduction in signal amplitude, resulting in a Pulse Height Defect (PHD), and introduces a signal delay, known as Plasma Delay Time (PDT). An experiment to characterize the PDT and PHD was performed at the LOHENGRIN recoil separator of the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL). Characteristic fission fragments from the 239Pu(n,f) reaction were separated based on their A/Q and E/Q ratios, allowing the measurement of a wide range of energies from 21 to 110 MeV and masses between 80 and 149 u. Six PIPS detectors were characterized to study their individual responses to the PDT and PHD effects. The signals were recorded in a digital acquisition system to completely exploit the offline analysis capabilities. Achieved combined timing and energy resolutions for fission fragments varied between 72(2) ps and 100(4) ps and 1.4% - 2% (FWHM), respectively. Preliminary PHD and PDT data are presented from the masses A=85, 95, 130 and 143. The PHD trends are strongly correlated with both the ion energy and mass. The PDT, on the other hand, shows a strong variation as a function of the ion kinetic energy but a smaller dependence on the ion mass.

Date: 30-05-2023 Level: Bachelor Thesis In Business Administration, 15 cr Institution: School of Business, Society & Engineering, Mälardalens University Authors: Otrakci Zehra, Akimova Daria, Pousette Joar Title: Staying elegant whilst navigating CSR in a stormy world of crisis within the fashion industry: CSR as a tool to mitigate future global crisis on the fashion industry Supervisor: Konstantin Lampou Keywords: Crisis Management, CSR, Fashion, Covid-19, Crisis Mitigation Purpose: Existing literature has explored the relationship between CSR and crisis management,as well as effects of CSR on brand reputation, financial performance, and competitive advantage. Lastly, some studies investigated the use of CSR as a response to crises. The aim of this study isto explore and gain a deeper understanding of how fashion brands use CSR as a tool to mitigatenegative effects of future global crises on the fashion industry. Research question: How are fashion companies using CSR as a tool to mitigate the negativeeffects of future global crises? Method: The research method is qualitative and exploratory in nature, data was gathered viainterviews with non probability sampling. Results were obtained via an inductive contentanalysis. A few limitations of the study are time constraints, a limited sample size, as well asgeographic limitations. Conclusion: Key findings of the research are that fashion brands focus on supply chainresilience to create economic sustainability. CSR activities that fashion brands are doing whichassist in the mitigation of the negative effects associated with global crises are: embedding CSRinternally to enhance reputation, including providing a safe and fair working environment; onlineeducation aiding in crisis preparation; more control on the supply chain to monitor CSR

The overload of content in digital services demands a way to filter the content for each individual user. The solution to this problem has come to be recommendation systems, which creates recommendations after the behavior patterns and preferences of each user. Previous research of recommendation systems tends to focus on the technical sides of the algorithms, and the user's perspective often gets forgotten. Although there's no direct connection between the preciseness of the algorithms and the users experience, instead subjective factors play an important role. This study wants to create a deeper understanding of the user experience of recommendation system in order to help digital services improve their use of these systems and hence their user experience. This study specifically examines how Spotify users experiences the services use of recommendation systems. Spotify is a music streaming service which uses recommendation systems in various functions. A qualitative study has been conducted through surveys, observations and interviews with a targeted audience. While analyzing the collected data recurrent themes were sorted under five categories. Based on recurrent themes we were able to state several conclusions. Problems in the interface design had an impact on the users experience of the functions based on recommendation systems, making interface an important aspect of the user experience of recommendation system. The purpose of using recommendation systems was described as to explore new music, although this purpose is generally not fulfilled. Although users found the recommendations relevant their core purpose was not fulfilled, this shows how significant research of the user perspective is. Lastly practical improvement suggestions are discussed, such as social interactions between users, a higher implementation of collaborative filtering and changes in the interface.

The demands on managers seem to have increased as a consequence of management reforms. This study evaluates interventions aimed at improving working conditions and performance of managers in the Swedish public sector by changing organizational conditions. Six intervention organizations were compared to 34 reference organizations. Organizational conditions relevant for managerial work were surveyed and the results presented to the management teams who decided on the action plans and implemented changes. Fidelity to the intentions and contextual circumstances were documented. A psychometrically tested questionnaire was used for pre- and post-measurements of effects among a sample of 303 managers. The results showed that the interventions were associated with changes in managers' quality of work and performance. The evaluation design made it possible to show that organizational conditions can be changed in order to improve the operations managers' situation if there is fidelity to the intentions and support from the strategic level management.

AIM: Investigate care unit managers' perceptions of how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced their ability to support the nurses. BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic placed extreme pressure on healthcare organizations. More knowledge regarding how the pandemic influenced care unit managers' ability to support nurses is central to ensuring high-quality healthcare in future crises. METHOD: A mixed-methods study in Swedish hospitals with a survey (n=128) and interviews (n=20) with care unit managers. RESULTS: Approximately half of the managers reported having spent more time available to and supporting the nurses. Availability was positively predicted by their perceived organizational support while negatively by their job demands. These job demands concerned meeting staff anxiety and managing organizational restructuring. Full focus on direct patient care, and strong professional and social support were important job resources. CONCLUSION: For care unit managers to effectively support the nurses during a crisis, they need proficient job resources and moderate job demands. Managers' perceived organizational support positively affects the quality of their crisis leadership. Creating arenas in which staff collegiality can form and develop is beneficial for the ability to meet future crises. Implications for Nursing Management This study specifies important job resources that should be acknowledged and reinforced to strengthen the ability of care unit managers to actively support the nurses during a crisis.

AIM: Investigate care unit managers' perceptions of how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced their ability to support the nurses. BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic placed extreme pressure on healthcare organizations. More knowledge regarding how the pandemic influenced care unit managers' ability to support nurses is central to ensuring high-quality healthcare in future crises. METHOD: A mixed-methods study in Swedish hospitals with a survey (n=128) and interviews (n=20) with care unit managers. RESULTS: Approximately half of the managers reported having spent more time available to and supporting the nurses. Availability was positively predicted by their perceived organizational support while negatively by their job demands. These job demands concerned meeting staff anxiety and managing organizational restructuring. Full focus on direct patient care, and strong professional and social support were important job resources. CONCLUSION: For care unit managers to effectively support the nurses during a crisis, they need proficient job resources and moderate job demands. Managers' perceived organizational support positively affects the quality of their crisis leadership. Creating arenas in which staff collegiality can form and develop is beneficial for the ability to meet future crises. Implications for Nursing Management This study specifies important job resources that should be acknowledged and reinforced to strengthen the ability of care unit managers to actively support the nurses during a crisis.

Stockholm vatten och avfall (SVOA) är Stockholms ledande vatten- och avfallsbolag. Varje dag berör verksamheten 1.5 miljoner invånare och företag i Stockholm. De erbjuder idag flertalet olika tjänster för att tillfredsställa alla boende i Stockholms stad. För att bli mer tillgängliga ville de ha hjälp att ta fram en stadsnära insamling i form av en mobil återvinningscentral. Tjänsten/produkten ska baseras på deras befintliga tjänst Pop-up återbruk och ett tidigare kandidatexamensarbete som gjordes 2019. Syftet var att nå ut till fler användare och bli mer tillgänglig genom att befinna sig närmare de boende i stockholm. Arbetet började med informationssökning, sortera och kategorisera det underlag som SVOA skickade. Vidare gjordes studiebesök hos de olika tjänsterna samt intervjuer med personal på tjänsterna och de ansvariga. Utifrån all research som sammanställdes landade det i att SVOA behöver en tjänst som är modulär, som marknadsför och som täcker många behov men inte alla samtidigt. För att kunna begränsa insamlingen på goda grunder togs därför primära och sekundära fraktioner fram, där de primära är grovavfall, återbruk och elektronik. Med all research i ryggsäcken var det dags att gå vidare till konceptgenereringen som delades upp i många små steg. När det blev känt att en lastbil inte var ett krav undersöktes fler alternativ på fordon, där släp slutligen valdes att gå vidare med och där den främsta anledningen var priset. Därefter gjordes en kravspecifikation med krav baserade på SVOAs tankar, researchen samt utifrån att släp valdes. Kravspecifikationen användes sedan som utvärderingsredskap då koncepten ställdes mot varandra. Först togs det fram tre koncept på antalet öppningar/fronter släpet skulle ha, sedan hur insidan skulle se ut vid transport respektive stopp, för att sedan landa i tre slutgiltiga koncept på utsidan av släpet. På utsidan gjordes även volymmodeller för att få en uppfattning om utrymme och känsla. Under mötet med en tillverkare från Westb, Stockholm Vatten och Avfall (Stockholm Water and Waste, SVOA) is Stockholm's leading water and waste management company. Every day, its activities affect 1.5 million residents and businesses in Stockholm. Today, they offer a wide range of services to satisfy all residents in the city of Stockholm. In order to become more accessible, they wanted help to develop a citywide collection service in the form of a mobile recycling center. The service/product will be based on their existing service Pop-up återbruk (Pop-up recycling) and a previous bachelor thesis done in 2019. The aim was to reach out to more users and become more accessible by being closer to the residents of Stockholm. The work started with research, sorting and categorizing the material sent by SVOA. In addition, study visits were made to the various services and interviews were conducted with staff at the services and those responsible. Based on all the research that was compiled, it landed in the fact that SVOA needs a service that is modular, that markets and that covers many needs but not all at the same time. Therefore, in order to limit collection based on believable grounds, primary and secondary fractions were developed, the primary ones being bulky waste, recycling and electronics. With all the research in the backpack, it was time to move on to concept generation, which was divided into many small steps. When it became known that a truck was not a requirement, more options on vehicles were explored, with trailers finally chosen to go ahead with and the main reason being the price. A requirements specification was then made with requirements based on SVOA's thoughts, the research and the selection of moving forward with trailers. The requirements specification was then used as an evaluation tool as the concepts were compared against each other. First, three concepts were developed based on the number of openings/fronts the trailer would have, then how the inside would look during transport and st

Stockholm vatten och avfall (SVOA) är Stockholms ledande vatten- och avfallsbolag. Varje dag berör verksamheten 1.5 miljoner invånare och företag i Stockholm. De erbjuder idag flertalet olika tjänster för att tillfredsställa alla boende i Stockholms stad. För att bli mer tillgängliga ville de ha hjälp att ta fram en stadsnära insamling i form av en mobil återvinningscentral. Tjänsten/produkten ska baseras på deras befintliga tjänst Pop-up återbruk och ett tidigare kandidatexamensarbete som gjordes 2019. Syftet var att nå ut till fler användare och bli mer tillgänglig genom att befinna sig närmare de boende i stockholm. Arbetet började med informationssökning, sortera och kategorisera det underlag som SVOA skickade. Vidare gjordes studiebesök hos de olika tjänsterna samt intervjuer med personal på tjänsterna och de ansvariga. Utifrån all research som sammanställdes landade det i att SVOA behöver en tjänst som är modulär, som marknadsför och som täcker många behov men inte alla samtidigt. För att kunna begränsa insamlingen på goda grunder togs därför primära och sekundära fraktioner fram, där de primära är grovavfall, återbruk och elektronik. Med all research i ryggsäcken var det dags att gå vidare till konceptgenereringen som delades upp i många små steg. När det blev känt att en lastbil inte var ett krav undersöktes fler alternativ på fordon, där släp slutligen valdes att gå vidare med och där den främsta anledningen var priset. Därefter gjordes en kravspecifikation med krav baserade på SVOAs tankar, researchen samt utifrån att släp valdes. Kravspecifikationen användes sedan som utvärderingsredskap då koncepten ställdes mot varandra. Först togs det fram tre koncept på antalet öppningar/fronter släpet skulle ha, sedan hur insidan skulle se ut vid transport respektive stopp, för att sedan landa i tre slutgiltiga koncept på utsidan av släpet. På utsidan gjordes även volymmodeller för att få en uppfattning om utrymme och känsla. Under mötet med en tillverkare från Westb, Stockholm Vatten och Avfall (Stockholm Water and Waste, SVOA) is Stockholm's leading water and waste management company. Every day, its activities affect 1.5 million residents and businesses in Stockholm. Today, they offer a wide range of services to satisfy all residents in the city of Stockholm. In order to become more accessible, they wanted help to develop a citywide collection service in the form of a mobile recycling center. The service/product will be based on their existing service Pop-up återbruk (Pop-up recycling) and a previous bachelor thesis done in 2019. The aim was to reach out to more users and become more accessible by being closer to the residents of Stockholm. The work started with research, sorting and categorizing the material sent by SVOA. In addition, study visits were made to the various services and interviews were conducted with staff at the services and those responsible. Based on all the research that was compiled, it landed in the fact that SVOA needs a service that is modular, that markets and that covers many needs but not all at the same time. Therefore, in order to limit collection based on believable grounds, primary and secondary fractions were developed, the primary ones being bulky waste, recycling and electronics. With all the research in the backpack, it was time to move on to concept generation, which was divided into many small steps. When it became known that a truck was not a requirement, more options on vehicles were explored, with trailers finally chosen to go ahead with and the main reason being the price. A requirements specification was then made with requirements based on SVOA's thoughts, the research and the selection of moving forward with trailers. The requirements specification was then used as an evaluation tool as the concepts were compared against each other. First, three concepts were developed based on the number of openings/fronts the trailer would have, then how the inside would look during transport and st

The clinical impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is less known for breast cancer patients with the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative (HER−) subtype. Here, we explored the prognostic and predictive value of TILs regarding distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in 763 postmenopausal patients randomized to receive tamoxifen vs. no systemic treatment. TILs were assessed in whole section tumor samples stained with H&E and divided into low (<10%), intermediate (10–39%), or high (≥40%). High TILs were associated with poor prognostic variables and good prognoses for all patients, but not within the ER+/HER2− group. Within the ER+/HER2− group, high gene expression of CD19 and PD-L1 and high IMMUNE1 score indicated good prognosis in multivariable analysis while high CD8 and CD19 gene expression and high IMMUNE1 score were associated with less tamoxifen benefit. These results indicate that within the ER+/HER2− subtype there could be subsets of patients where expression of specific TIL markers might be used to reveal candidates for immune therapy interventions upon failure of the endocrine therapy., Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) [2020-02466]; Swedish Research Council for Health, Working life and Welfare, (FORTE) [2019-00477]; Gosta Milton Donation Fund (Stiftelsen Gosta Miltons donationsfond); Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden) [190140, 220552SIA]; Stockholm Cancer Society (Cancerforeningen i Stockholm) [201212]; Svenska Lakarecellskapet

The clinical impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is less known for breast cancer patients with the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative (HER−) subtype. Here, we explored the prognostic and predictive value of TILs regarding distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in 763 postmenopausal patients randomized to receive tamoxifen vs. no systemic treatment. TILs were assessed in whole section tumor samples stained with H&E and divided into low (<10%), intermediate (10–39%), or high (≥40%). High TILs were associated with poor prognostic variables and good prognoses for all patients, but not within the ER+/HER2− group. Within the ER+/HER2− group, high gene expression of CD19 and PD-L1 and high IMMUNE1 score indicated good prognosis in multivariable analysis while high CD8 and CD19 gene expression and high IMMUNE1 score were associated with less tamoxifen benefit. These results indicate that within the ER+/HER2− subtype there could be subsets of patients where expression of specific TIL markers might be used to reveal candidates for immune therapy interventions upon failure of the endocrine therapy., Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) [2020-02466]; Swedish Research Council for Health, Working life and Welfare, (FORTE) [2019-00477]; Gosta Milton Donation Fund (Stiftelsen Gosta Miltons donationsfond); Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden) [190140, 220552SIA]; Stockholm Cancer Society (Cancerforeningen i Stockholm) [201212]; Svenska Lakarecellskapet

The clinical impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is less known for breast cancer patients with the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative (HER−) subtype. Here, we explored the prognostic and predictive value of TILs regarding distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in 763 postmenopausal patients randomized to receive tamoxifen vs. no systemic treatment. TILs were assessed in whole section tumor samples stained with H&E and divided into low (<10%), intermediate (10–39%), or high (≥40%). High TILs were associated with poor prognostic variables and good prognoses for all patients, but not within the ER+/HER2− group. Within the ER+/HER2− group, high gene expression of CD19 and PD-L1 and high IMMUNE1 score indicated good prognosis in multivariable analysis while high CD8 and CD19 gene expression and high IMMUNE1 score were associated with less tamoxifen benefit. These results indicate that within the ER+/HER2− subtype there could be subsets of patients where expression of specific TIL markers might be used to reveal candidates for immune therapy interventions upon failure of the endocrine therapy., Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) [2020-02466]; Swedish Research Council for Health, Working life and Welfare, (FORTE) [2019-00477]; Gosta Milton Donation Fund (Stiftelsen Gosta Miltons donationsfond); Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden) [190140, 220552SIA]; Stockholm Cancer Society (Cancerforeningen i Stockholm) [201212]; Svenska Lakarecellskapet

The clinical impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is less known for breast cancer patients with the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative (HER−) subtype. Here, we explored the prognostic and predictive value of TILs regarding distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in 763 postmenopausal patients randomized to receive tamoxifen vs. no systemic treatment. TILs were assessed in whole section tumor samples stained with H&E and divided into low (<10%), intermediate (10–39%), or high (≥40%). High TILs were associated with poor prognostic variables and good prognoses for all patients, but not within the ER+/HER2− group. Within the ER+/HER2− group, high gene expression of CD19 and PD-L1 and high IMMUNE1 score indicated good prognosis in multivariable analysis while high CD8 and CD19 gene expression and high IMMUNE1 score were associated with less tamoxifen benefit. These results indicate that within the ER+/HER2− subtype there could be subsets of patients where expression of specific TIL markers might be used to reveal candidates for immune therapy interventions upon failure of the endocrine therapy., Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) [2020-02466]; Swedish Research Council for Health, Working life and Welfare, (FORTE) [2019-00477]; Gosta Milton Donation Fund (Stiftelsen Gosta Miltons donationsfond); Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden) [190140, 220552SIA]; Stockholm Cancer Society (Cancerforeningen i Stockholm) [201212]; Svenska Lakarecellskapet

AIM: Investigate care unit managers' perceptions of how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced their ability to support the nurses. BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic placed extreme pressure on healthcare organizations. More knowledge regarding how the pandemic influenced care unit managers' ability to support nurses is central to ensuring high-quality healthcare in future crises. METHOD: A mixed-methods study in Swedish hospitals with a survey (n=128) and interviews (n=20) with care unit managers. RESULTS: Approximately half of the managers reported having spent more time available to and supporting the nurses. Availability was positively predicted by their perceived organizational support while negatively by their job demands. These job demands concerned meeting staff anxiety and managing organizational restructuring. Full focus on direct patient care, and strong professional and social support were important job resources. CONCLUSION: For care unit managers to effectively support the nurses during a crisis, they need proficient job resources and moderate job demands. Managers' perceived organizational support positively affects the quality of their crisis leadership. Creating arenas in which staff collegiality can form and develop is beneficial for the ability to meet future crises. Implications for Nursing Management This study specifies important job resources that should be acknowledged and reinforced to strengthen the ability of care unit managers to actively support the nurses during a crisis.

Healthcare unit managers are pivotal to promote nurses' Perceived Organizational Support and hence to ensure nurses' health and well-being, as well as high-quality care. Despite this fact, there is a dearth of studies addressing how healthcare unit managers act and organize their work to promote nurses' Perceived Organizational Support and which working conditions enable them to do so. Through a mixed methods approach, comprising qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys among healthcare unit managers and nurses, this paper underscores that healthcare unit managers' availability to their nursing staff was essential for their ability to promote nurses' Perceived Organizational Support, and that responsive support from the care unit managers' superior management, administration, and managerial colleagues constituted enabling working conditions. Superior manager support strongly promoted the care unit manager's own Perceived Organizational Support, which, in turn, was positively correlated with nurses' organizational climate of Perceived Organizational Support.

The clinical impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is less known for breast cancer patients with the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative (HER−) subtype. Here, we explored the prognostic and predictive value of TILs regarding distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in 763 postmenopausal patients randomized to receive tamoxifen vs. no systemic treatment. TILs were assessed in whole section tumor samples stained with H&E and divided into low (<10%), intermediate (10–39%), or high (≥40%). High TILs were associated with poor prognostic variables and good prognoses for all patients, but not within the ER+/HER2− group. Within the ER+/HER2− group, high gene expression of CD19 and PD-L1 and high IMMUNE1 score indicated good prognosis in multivariable analysis while high CD8 and CD19 gene expression and high IMMUNE1 score were associated with less tamoxifen benefit. These results indicate that within the ER+/HER2− subtype there could be subsets of patients where expression of specific TIL markers might be used to reveal candidates for immune therapy interventions upon failure of the endocrine therapy., Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) [2020-02466]; Swedish Research Council for Health, Working life and Welfare, (FORTE) [2019-00477]; Gosta Milton Donation Fund (Stiftelsen Gosta Miltons donationsfond); Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden) [190140, 220552SIA]; Stockholm Cancer Society (Cancerforeningen i Stockholm) [201212]; Svenska Lakarecellskapet

AIM: Investigate care unit managers' perceptions of how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced their ability to support the nurses. BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic placed extreme pressure on healthcare organizations. More knowledge regarding how the pandemic influenced care unit managers' ability to support nurses is central to ensuring high-quality healthcare in future crises. METHOD: A mixed-methods study in Swedish hospitals with a survey (n=128) and interviews (n=20) with care unit managers. RESULTS: Approximately half of the managers reported having spent more time available to and supporting the nurses. Availability was positively predicted by their perceived organizational support while negatively by their job demands. These job demands concerned meeting staff anxiety and managing organizational restructuring. Full focus on direct patient care, and strong professional and social support were important job resources. CONCLUSION: For care unit managers to effectively support the nurses during a crisis, they need proficient job resources and moderate job demands. Managers' perceived organizational support positively affects the quality of their crisis leadership. Creating arenas in which staff collegiality can form and develop is beneficial for the ability to meet future crises. Implications for Nursing Management This study specifies important job resources that should be acknowledged and reinforced to strengthen the ability of care unit managers to actively support the nurses during a crisis.

AIM: Investigate care unit managers' perceptions of how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced their ability to support the nurses. BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic placed extreme pressure on healthcare organizations. More knowledge regarding how the pandemic influenced care unit managers' ability to support nurses is central to ensuring high-quality healthcare in future crises. METHOD: A mixed-methods study in Swedish hospitals with a survey (n=128) and interviews (n=20) with care unit managers. RESULTS: Approximately half of the managers reported having spent more time available to and supporting the nurses. Availability was positively predicted by their perceived organizational support while negatively by their job demands. These job demands concerned meeting staff anxiety and managing organizational restructuring. Full focus on direct patient care, and strong professional and social support were important job resources. CONCLUSION: For care unit managers to effectively support the nurses during a crisis, they need proficient job resources and moderate job demands. Managers' perceived organizational support positively affects the quality of their crisis leadership. Creating arenas in which staff collegiality can form and develop is beneficial for the ability to meet future crises. Implications for Nursing Management This study specifies important job resources that should be acknowledged and reinforced to strengthen the ability of care unit managers to actively support the nurses during a crisis.

This report describes the design development to meet the project's established aesthetic and technical requirements of a façade system in wood within the project “The facade of the city Swift, Stylish, Smart”. The development of the design was performed in close collaboration with the project partners throughout the project. In this way, questions about the manufacturing process, assembly and maintenance have been continuously weighed in and provided inspiration and deepened knowledge for the design outcome. The goal of the project was to design a facade system of good architectural and technical quality made of heartwood of pine, well adapted to meet the requirements in an urban environment. We have set the limit for the facade system to a maximum of eight floors. Overall, the façade system must assure market competitiveness and provide a clear added value compared to competing façade materials in terms of design sketch ability and environmental aspects and thereby contribute to a bio-based economy. The result is a facade system designed for the high demands in the future building industry regarding recycling and environmental requirements on materials and components. It consists of façade cladding with mounting system, joints and connections to windows and corners made of sorted and defined raw wood material using a minimum of metal and glue assembled into a facade system. The system has been tested regarding fire according to SP Fire 105.