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El artículo aborda el fenómeno del intertexto y la intertextualidad como una propiedad del discurso literario tal como se aplica a las novelas de F.M. Dostoievski. El artículo identifica las transformaciones intertextuales de la trama “¿Qué se debe hacer?” Por N.G. Chernyshevsky, que se convirtió en un pretexto para las obras de Dostoievski. El artículo indica la presencia cualitativa y cuantitativa del texto de los otros escritores en las novelas de Dostoievski. Se llega a la conclusión sobre la interacción polémica “¿Qué se debe hacer?” con las novelas de Dostoievski., The article deals with the phenomenon of intertext and intertextuality as a property of literary discourse as applied to the novels of F.M. Dostoevsky. The article identifies the intertextual transformations of the plot “What is to be done?” by N.G. Chernyshevsky, which became a pretext for the works of Dostoevsky. The article indicates the qualitative and quantitative presence of the other writers’ text in the novels of Dostoevsky. The conclusion is made about the polemical interaction “What is to be done?” with Dostoevsky’s novels.

El artículo aborda el fenómeno del intertexto y la intertextualidad como una propiedad del discurso literario tal como se aplica a las novelas de F.M. Dostoievski. El artículo identifica las transformaciones intertextuales de la trama “¿Qué se debe hacer?” Por N.G. Chernyshevsky, que se convirtió en un pretexto para las obras de Dostoievski. El artículo indica la presencia cualitativa y cuantitativa del texto de los otros escritores en las novelas de Dostoievski. Se llega a la conclusión sobre la interacción polémica “¿Qué se debe hacer?” con las novelas de Dostoievski., The article deals with the phenomenon of intertext and intertextuality as a property of literary discourse as applied to the novels of F.M. Dostoevsky. The article identifies the intertextual transformations of the plot “What is to be done?” by N.G. Chernyshevsky, which became a pretext for the works of Dostoevsky. The article indicates the qualitative and quantitative presence of the other writers’ text in the novels of Dostoevsky. The conclusion is made about the polemical interaction “What is to be done?” with Dostoevsky’s novels.

El artículo aborda el fenómeno del intertexto y la intertextualidad como una propiedad del discurso literario tal como se aplica a las novelas de F.M. Dostoievski. El artículo identifica las transformaciones intertextuales de la trama “¿Qué se debe hacer?” Por N.G. Chernyshevsky, que se convirtió en un pretexto para las obras de Dostoievski. El artículo indica la presencia cualitativa y cuantitativa del texto de los otros escritores en las novelas de Dostoievski. Se llega a la conclusión sobre la interacción polémica “¿Qué se debe hacer?” con las novelas de Dostoievski., The article deals with the phenomenon of intertext and intertextuality as a property of literary discourse as applied to the novels of F.M. Dostoevsky. The article identifies the intertextual transformations of the plot “What is to be done?” by N.G. Chernyshevsky, which became a pretext for the works of Dostoevsky. The article indicates the qualitative and quantitative presence of the other writers’ text in the novels of Dostoevsky. The conclusion is made about the polemical interaction “What is to be done?” with Dostoevsky’s novels.

The justification a speaker offers for a given action, stance, or identity may serve the discursive purpose of veiling motivating reasons or rhetorically appealing to the audience. This dissertation defines such speech as ‘pretext,’ presenting ten tests for identifying pretext rhetorically rather than psychologically, then demonstrates through the example of religion the stakes of treating such justifications as reflecting motivating reasons rather than constituting a rhetorical trick. I argue that the naturalized concept we call ‘religion’ is a modern European construct with ten identifiable characteristics; this ‘religion’ enjoys epistemic privilege that makes it a potentially dangerous basis for pretext. Examples from social, legal, and literary texts show that audiences tend to evaluate ‘religiously’ justified actions and ethical stances as valid or incontrovertible, even when those justifications fall into the discursive category of pretext. Chapter One, “Fallacy of Justification: ‘Pretext,’” bridges rhetoric, epistemology, and linguistics to define pretext. Diverging from past scholarship, I define pretext rhetorically, by how that category of justification functions in spoken and written texts, rather than analyzing a speaker’s psychology. I design ten tests for identifying pretexts in discourse, conduct a discourse analysis of how scholars use the term in relevant literature, and read pretext against core rhetorical theory. Chapter Two, “The Privileged Space of ‘Religion,’” responds to discourses of religion scholarship in arguing that the epistemically privileged world that ‘religion’ creates for itself is a historical and conceptual mistake with dangerous ethical implications. Beginning with evidence that what we call ‘religion’ is an Enlightenment European construct, I identify ten common characteristics of the construct, then proceed to argue that ‘religious’ justifications for imperialism are fallacious, the concept’s epistemic privilege is undeserved

The justification a speaker offers for a given action, stance, or identity may serve the discursive purpose of veiling motivating reasons or rhetorically appealing to the audience. This dissertation defines such speech as ‘pretext,’ presenting ten tests for identifying pretext rhetorically rather than psychologically, then demonstrates through the example of religion the stakes of treating such justifications as reflecting motivating reasons rather than constituting a rhetorical trick. I argue that the naturalized concept we call ‘religion’ is a modern European construct with ten identifiable characteristics; this ‘religion’ enjoys epistemic privilege that makes it a potentially dangerous basis for pretext. Examples from social, legal, and literary texts show that audiences tend to evaluate ‘religiously’ justified actions and ethical stances as valid or incontrovertible, even when those justifications fall into the discursive category of pretext. Chapter One, “Fallacy of Justification: ‘Pretext,’” bridges rhetoric, epistemology, and linguistics to define pretext. Diverging from past scholarship, I define pretext rhetorically, by how that category of justification functions in spoken and written texts, rather than analyzing a speaker’s psychology. I design ten tests for identifying pretexts in discourse, conduct a discourse analysis of how scholars use the term in relevant literature, and read pretext against core rhetorical theory. Chapter Two, “The Privileged Space of ‘Religion,’” responds to discourses of religion scholarship in arguing that the epistemically privileged world that ‘religion’ creates for itself is a historical and conceptual mistake with dangerous ethical implications. Beginning with evidence that what we call ‘religion’ is an Enlightenment European construct, I identify ten common characteristics of the construct, then proceed to argue that ‘religious’ justifications for imperialism are fallacious, the concept’s epistemic privilege is undeserved

This study examines how Swedish crime fiction has been packaged in the book trade in the early 2000s. The main material consists of 153 Swedish crime fiction paperbacks published in Sweden 1998–2011 and written by the most successful authors of crime fiction of that period. The term peritext, coined by Gérard Genette, is used to cover all aspects of books that affect the reader apart from the literary work itself. Five empirical chapters focus on five different aspects: 1) cover design; 2) titles and subtitles; 3) citations and blurbs; 4) acknowledgements; and 5) author presentations, extra material and advertising. It is shown that the packaging of crime fiction is crucial when it comes to genre formation and author branding. Among the results are how these “murder packages” have become increasingly elaborated over time, that male and female writers of crime fiction have been presented in distinctly different ways, and how the reliability and realism of a story often is emphasized in the peritext.

This study examines how Swedish crime fiction has been packaged in the book trade in the early 2000s. The main material consists of 153 Swedish crime fiction paperbacks published in Sweden 1998–2011 and written by the most successful authors of crime fiction of that period. The term peritext, coined by Gérard Genette, is used to cover all aspects of books that affect the reader apart from the literary work itself. Five empirical chapters focus on five different aspects: 1) cover design; 2) titles and subtitles; 3) citations and blurbs; 4) acknowledgements; and 5) author presentations, extra material and advertising. It is shown that the packaging of crime fiction is crucial when it comes to genre formation and author branding. Among the results are how these “murder packages” have become increasingly elaborated over time, that male and female writers of crime fiction have been presented in distinctly different ways, and how the reliability and realism of a story often is emphasized in the peritext.

This study examines how Swedish crime fiction has been packaged in the book trade in the early 2000s. The main material consists of 153 Swedish crime fiction paperbacks published in Sweden 1998–2011 and written by the most successful authors of crime fiction of that period. The term peritext, coined by Gérard Genette, is used to cover all aspects of books that affect the reader apart from the literary work itself. Five empirical chapters focus on five different aspects: 1) cover design; 2) titles and subtitles; 3) citations and blurbs; 4) acknowledgements; and 5) author presentations, extra material and advertising. It is shown that the packaging of crime fiction is crucial when it comes to genre formation and author branding. Among the results are how these “murder packages” have become increasingly elaborated over time, that male and female writers of crime fiction have been presented in distinctly different ways, and how the reliability and realism of a story often is emphasized in the peritext.

This study examines how Swedish crime fiction has been packaged in the book trade in the early 2000s. The main material consists of 153 Swedish crime fiction paperbacks published in Sweden 1998–2011 and written by the most successful authors of crime fiction of that period. The term peritext, coined by Gérard Genette, is used to cover all aspects of books that affect the reader apart from the literary work itself. Five empirical chapters focus on five different aspects: 1) cover design; 2) titles and subtitles; 3) citations and blurbs; 4) acknowledgements; and 5) author presentations, extra material and advertising. It is shown that the packaging of crime fiction is crucial when it comes to genre formation and author branding. Among the results are how these “murder packages” have become increasingly elaborated over time, that male and female writers of crime fiction have been presented in distinctly different ways, and how the reliability and realism of a story often is emphasized in the peritext.

This article responds to the analysis by Douglas Kellner of the way the Bush Administration has manipulated media coverage, especially coverage of the attacks of 11/9/01, to support an aggressive foreign policy. The writer is generally in agreement with the analysis, although the article makes posits five propositions: 1) there is nothing new in using terror and atrocity as a pretext for war, 2) the attacks and response reflects a deeply ingrained culture of violence, including within the USA, 3) the current conflict is profoundly theological in nature, 4) the discourse of the US Administration reveals a profound ignorance of the possible motivations of the attackers, and 5) the portrayal of the attacks and the response reveals the continuing atavistic appeal of violence. By way of conclusion, it is suggested that there needs to be an on-going commitment towards educating for a culture of peace and that developing a critique of militaristic discourse is one start to this.