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A novel kind of non-integer order bilinear filters, named double-order bilinear filters, is introduced in this work. They are based on the employment of two non-integer orders, offering the maximum design flexibility in comparison with their fractional-order and power-law counterparts. An attractive offered benefit is that this is achieved without increasing the circuit complexity, since the proposed structure is capable of realizing all non-integer kinds of filters. Two design examples are provided, where it is shown that lead/lag compensators utilized in control applications and low/high shelving filters employed in acoustic applications are actually bilinear filters with suitably selected pole/zero frequencies. Simulation and experimental results, using the OrCAD PSpice simulator and a Field Programmable Analog Array device, respectively, support the findings of this work.

A novel kind of non-integer order bilinear filters, named double-order bilinear filters, is introduced in this work. They are based on the employment of two non-integer orders, offering the maximum design flexibility in comparison with their fractional-order and power-law counterparts. An attractive offered benefit is that this is achieved without increasing the circuit complexity, since the proposed structure is capable of realizing all non-integer kinds of filters. Two design examples are provided, where it is shown that lead/lag compensators utilized in control applications and low/high shelving filters employed in acoustic applications are actually bilinear filters with suitably selected pole/zero frequencies. Simulation and experimental results, using the OrCAD PSpice simulator and a Field Programmable Analog Array device, respectively, support the findings of this work.

A novel kind of non-integer order bilinear filters, named double-order bilinear filters, is introduced in this work. They are based on the employment of two non-integer orders, offering the maximum design flexibility in comparison with their fractional-order and power-law counterparts. An attractive offered benefit is that this is achieved without increasing the circuit complexity, since the proposed structure is capable of realizing all non-integer kinds of filters. Two design examples are provided, where it is shown that lead/lag compensators utilized in control applications and low/high shelving filters employed in acoustic applications are actually bilinear filters with suitably selected pole/zero frequencies. Simulation and experimental results, using the OrCAD PSpice simulator and a Field Programmable Analog Array device, respectively, support the findings of this work.

In this paper, a new versatile first-order voltage-mode analog filter using a single multiple-input voltage differencing differential difference amplifier for extremely low-voltage supply and low-frequency applications is presented. Using multiple-input MOS transistor technique, the filter can realize the first-order transfer functions of non-inverting and inverting low-pass, high-pass, and all-pass filters in a single topology with high input and low output impedance. This is particularly useful for voltage-mode circuits. The filter's pole frequency can be controlled electronically. The filter was used to implement a new quadrature oscillator to confirm its advantages. The multiple-input was applied to bulk-driven differential pairs operating in weak inversion; therefore, the proposed circuit operated from a supply voltage of 0.3 V and consumed 357.4 nW. The circuit was designed in the Cadence program using 0.13 mu m UMC CMOS technology. The performance and robustness of the design was validated by intensive simulations, including Monte Carlo and Process, Voltage and Temperature corner analyses.

In this paper, a new versatile first-order voltage-mode analog filter using a single multiple-input voltage differencing differential difference amplifier for extremely low-voltage supply and low-frequency applications is presented. Using multiple-input MOS transistor technique, the filter can realize the first-order transfer functions of non-inverting and inverting low-pass, high-pass, and all-pass filters in a single topology with high input and low output impedance. This is particularly useful for voltage-mode circuits. The filter's pole frequency can be controlled electronically. The filter was used to implement a new quadrature oscillator to confirm its advantages. The multiple-input was applied to bulk-driven differential pairs operating in weak inversion; therefore, the proposed circuit operated from a supply voltage of 0.3 V and consumed 357.4 nW. The circuit was designed in the Cadence program using 0.13 mu m UMC CMOS technology. The performance and robustness of the design was validated by intensive simulations, including Monte Carlo and Process, Voltage and Temperature corner analyses.

In this paper, a new versatile first-order voltage-mode analog filter using a single multiple-input voltage differencing differential difference amplifier for extremely low-voltage supply and low-frequency applications is presented. Using multiple-input MOS transistor technique, the filter can realize the first-order transfer functions of non-inverting and inverting low-pass, high-pass, and all-pass filters in a single topology with high input and low output impedance. This is particularly useful for voltage-mode circuits. The filter's pole frequency can be controlled electronically. The filter was used to implement a new quadrature oscillator to confirm its advantages. The multiple-input was applied to bulk-driven differential pairs operating in weak inversion; therefore, the proposed circuit operated from a supply voltage of 0.3 V and consumed 357.4 nW. The circuit was designed in the Cadence program using 0.13 mu m UMC CMOS technology. The performance and robustness of the design was validated by intensive simulations, including Monte Carlo and Process, Voltage and Temperature corner analyses.

This paper presents a new multiple-input single output voltage-mode universal biquad filter based on multiple input operational transconductance amplifiers (MI-OTA). This work demonstrates that the multiple-input OTA based universal filter can provide more filtering responses and other benefits, compared to conventional OTA based one. The filter provides electronic and orthogonal control of the natural frequency and the quality factor. Furthermore, a two-phase quadrature oscillator can be obtained by slightly modifying the proposed universal filter while the condition and frequency of oscillation can be controlled orthogonally and electronically. The performance of the proposed circuit is evaluated in Cadence environment using the TSMC 0.18 fim CMOS technology. The voltage supply is 1.2 V and the power dissipation of the MI OTA is 24 fiW. For 1% third intermodulation distortion (IMD3) the dynamic range of the band pass filter is 78.6 dB. In addition, the proposed filter and oscillator are investigated through experiment tests using LM13700 commercially available OTA.

This paper describes the design of analog pseudo-differential fractional frequency filter with the order of (2 + alpha), where 0 < alpha < 1. The filter operates in a mixed-transadmittance mode (voltage input, current output) and provides a low-pass frequency response according to Butterworth approximation. General formulas to determine the required transfer function coefficients for desired value of fractional order alpha are also introduced. The designed filter provides the beneficial features of fully-differential solutions but with a less complex circuit topology. It is canonical, i.e. it employs a minimum number of passive elements, whereas all are grounded, and current conveyors as active elements. The proposed structure offers high input impedance, high output impedance, and high common-mode rejection ratio. By simple modification, voltage response can also be obtained. The performance of the proposed frequency filter is verified both by simulations and experimental measurements proving the validity of theory and the advantageous features of the filter.

This paper describes the design of analog pseudo-differential fractional frequency filter with the order of (2 + alpha), where 0 < alpha < 1. The filter operates in a mixed-transadmittance mode (voltage input, current output) and provides a low-pass frequency response according to Butterworth approximation. General formulas to determine the required transfer function coefficients for desired value of fractional order alpha are also introduced. The designed filter provides the beneficial features of fully-differential solutions but with a less complex circuit topology. It is canonical, i.e. it employs a minimum number of passive elements, whereas all are grounded, and current conveyors as active elements. The proposed structure offers high input impedance, high output impedance, and high common-mode rejection ratio. By simple modification, voltage response can also be obtained. The performance of the proposed frequency filter is verified both by simulations and experimental measurements proving the validity of theory and the advantageous features of the filter.

This paper presents a new multiple-input single output voltage-mode universal biquad filter based on multiple input operational transconductance amplifiers (MI-OTA). This work demonstrates that the multiple-input OTA based universal filter can provide more filtering responses and other benefits, compared to conventional OTA based one. The filter provides electronic and orthogonal control of the natural frequency and the quality factor. Furthermore, a two-phase quadrature oscillator can be obtained by slightly modifying the proposed universal filter while the condition and frequency of oscillation can be controlled orthogonally and electronically. The performance of the proposed circuit is evaluated in Cadence environment using the TSMC 0.18 fim CMOS technology. The voltage supply is 1.2 V and the power dissipation of the MI OTA is 24 fiW. For 1% third intermodulation distortion (IMD3) the dynamic range of the band pass filter is 78.6 dB. In addition, the proposed filter and oscillator are investigated through experiment tests using LM13700 commercially available OTA.

This paper presents a new multiple-input single output voltage-mode universal biquad filter based on multiple input operational transconductance amplifiers (MI-OTA). This work demonstrates that the multiple-input OTA based universal filter can provide more filtering responses and other benefits, compared to conventional OTA based one. The filter provides electronic and orthogonal control of the natural frequency and the quality factor. Furthermore, a two-phase quadrature oscillator can be obtained by slightly modifying the proposed universal filter while the condition and frequency of oscillation can be controlled orthogonally and electronically. The performance of the proposed circuit is evaluated in Cadence environment using the TSMC 0.18 fim CMOS technology. The voltage supply is 1.2 V and the power dissipation of the MI OTA is 24 fiW. For 1% third intermodulation distortion (IMD3) the dynamic range of the band pass filter is 78.6 dB. In addition, the proposed filter and oscillator are investigated through experiment tests using LM13700 commercially available OTA.

This paper brings a practical and straightforward view on the design of circuit elements described by fractional-order dynamics known as the constant phase element (CPE) and their implementation in a novel structure of a PID (or PID in some literature) regulator based on fabricated CMOS voltage differencing current conveyors. Comparison of presented topology with known solutions indicates significant improvements regarding overall simplification, simpler electronic controllability of time constants, and having all passive elements in grounded form. Step-by-step design of the CPE as well as the PID regulator is supported by experiments with active devices fabricated using the C07 I2T100 0.7 m CMOS process (ON Semiconductor). Laboratory tests in frequency and time domain confirm the correct operation of the designed application and the accuracy of the derived results in comparison with the theoretical expectations.

This paper brings a practical and straightforward view on the design of circuit elements described by fractional-order dynamics known as the constant phase element (CPE) and their implementation in a novel structure of a PID (or PID in some literature) regulator based on fabricated CMOS voltage differencing current conveyors. Comparison of presented topology with known solutions indicates significant improvements regarding overall simplification, simpler electronic controllability of time constants, and having all passive elements in grounded form. Step-by-step design of the CPE as well as the PID regulator is supported by experiments with active devices fabricated using the C07 I2T100 0.7 m CMOS process (ON Semiconductor). Laboratory tests in frequency and time domain confirm the correct operation of the designed application and the accuracy of the derived results in comparison with the theoretical expectations.

This paper brings a practical and straightforward view on the design of circuit elements described by fractional-order dynamics known as the constant phase element (CPE) and their implementation in a novel structure of a PID (or PID in some literature) regulator based on fabricated CMOS voltage differencing current conveyors. Comparison of presented topology with known solutions indicates significant improvements regarding overall simplification, simpler electronic controllability of time constants, and having all passive elements in grounded form. Step-by-step design of the CPE as well as the PID regulator is supported by experiments with active devices fabricated using the C07 I2T100 0.7 m CMOS process (ON Semiconductor). Laboratory tests in frequency and time domain confirm the correct operation of the designed application and the accuracy of the derived results in comparison with the theoretical expectations.

In the paper, a proposal of the fully-differential fractional-order frequency filter with controllability of its parameters is presented. The filter consists of Multi-Output Transconductance Amplifiers (MOTAs), Adjustable Current Amplifier (ACA) as active elements and two pairs of grounded capacitors. The paper contains analysis of the filter with FOEs used instead of classical capacitors in the filter topology. The order of the filter is changed by switching a particular FOEs with required value of the order. The filter possesses the pole frequency and quality factor control. The correctness of the proposed filter is verified by PSpice simulations with behavioural models of theactive elements.

Due to the absence of commercially available fractional-order capacitors and inductors, their implementation can be performed using fractional-order differentiators and integrators, respectively, combined with a voltage-to-current conversion stage. The transfer function of fractional-order differentiators and integrators can be approximated through the utilization of appropriate integer-order transfer functions. In order to achieve that, the Continued Fraction Expansion as well as the Oustaloup’s approximations can be utilized. The accuracy, in terms of magnitude and phase response, of transfer functions of differentiators/integrators derived through the employment of the aforementioned approximations, is very important factor for achieving high performance approximation of the fractional-order elements. A comparative study of the accuracy offered by the Continued Fraction Expansion and the Oustaloup’s approximation is performed in this paper. As a next step, the corresponding implementations of the emulators of the fractional-order elements, derived using fundamental active cells such as operational amplifiers, operational transconductance amplifiers, current conveyors, and current feedback operational amplifiers realized in commercially available discrete-component IC form, are compared in terms of the most important performance characteristics. The most suitable of them are further compared using the OrCAD PSpice software., Due to the absence of commercially available fractional-order capacitors and inductors, their implementation can be performed using fractional-order differentiators and integrators, respectively, combined with a voltage-to-current conversion stage. The transfer function of fractional-order differentiators and integrators can be approximated through the utilization of appropriate integer-order transfer functions. In order to achieve that, the Continued Fraction Expansion as well as the Oustaloup’s approximations can be utilized. The accuracy, in terms of magnitude and phase response, of transfer functions of differentiators/integrators derived through the employment of the aforementioned approximations, is very important factor for achieving high performance approximation of the fractional-order elements. A comparative study of the accuracy offered by the Continued Fraction Expansion and the Oustaloup’s approximation is performed in this paper. As a next step, the corresponding implementations of the emulators of the fractional-order elements, derived using fundamental active cells such as operational amplifiers, operational transconductance amplifiers, current conveyors, and current feedback operational amplifiers realized in commercially available discrete-component IC form, are compared in terms of the most important performance characteristics. The most suitable of them are further compared using the OrCAD PSpice software.

Due to the absence of commercially available fractional-order capacitors and inductors, their implementation can be performed using fractional-order differentiators and integrators, respectively, combined with a voltage-to-current conversion stage. The transfer function of fractional-order differentiators and integrators can be approximated through the utilization of appropriate integer-order transfer functions. In order to achieve that, the Continued Fraction Expansion as well as the Oustaloup’s approximations can be utilized. The accuracy, in terms of magnitude and phase response, of transfer functions of differentiators/integrators derived through the employment of the aforementioned approximations, is very important factor for achieving high performance approximation of the fractional-order elements. A comparative study of the accuracy offered by the Continued Fraction Expansion and the Oustaloup’s approximation is performed in this paper. As a next step, the corresponding implementations of the emulators of the fractional-order elements, derived using fundamental active cells such as operational amplifiers, operational transconductance amplifiers, current conveyors, and current feedback operational amplifiers realized in commercially available discrete-component IC form, are compared in terms of the most important performance characteristics. The most suitable of them are further compared using the OrCAD PSpice software., Due to the absence of commercially available fractional-order capacitors and inductors, their implementation can be performed using fractional-order differentiators and integrators, respectively, combined with a voltage-to-current conversion stage. The transfer function of fractional-order differentiators and integrators can be approximated through the utilization of appropriate integer-order transfer functions. In order to achieve that, the Continued Fraction Expansion as well as the Oustaloup’s approximations can be utilized. The accuracy, in terms of magnitude and phase response, of transfer functions of differentiators/integrators derived through the employment of the aforementioned approximations, is very important factor for achieving high performance approximation of the fractional-order elements. A comparative study of the accuracy offered by the Continued Fraction Expansion and the Oustaloup’s approximation is performed in this paper. As a next step, the corresponding implementations of the emulators of the fractional-order elements, derived using fundamental active cells such as operational amplifiers, operational transconductance amplifiers, current conveyors, and current feedback operational amplifiers realized in commercially available discrete-component IC form, are compared in terms of the most important performance characteristics. The most suitable of them are further compared using the OrCAD PSpice software.

In the paper, a proposal of the fully-differential fractional-order frequency filter with controllability of its parameters is presented. The filter consists of Multi-Output Transconductance Amplifiers (MOTAs), Adjustable Current Amplifier (ACA) as active elements and two pairs of grounded capacitors. The paper contains analysis of the filter with FOEs used instead of classical capacitors in the filter topology. The order of the filter is changed by switching a particular FOEs with required value of the order. The filter possesses the pole frequency and quality factor control. The correctness of the proposed filter is verified by PSpice simulations with behavioural models of theactive elements.

In the paper, a proposal of the fully-differential fractional-order frequency filter with controllability of its parameters is presented. The filter consists of Multi-Output Transconductance Amplifiers (MOTAs), Adjustable Current Amplifier (ACA) as active elements and two pairs of grounded capacitors. The paper contains analysis of the filter with FOEs used instead of classical capacitors in the filter topology. The order of the filter is changed by switching a particular FOEs with required value of the order. The filter possesses the pole frequency and quality factor control. The correctness of the proposed filter is verified by PSpice simulations with behavioural models of theactive elements.

Due to the absence of commercially available fractional-order capacitors and inductors, their implementation can be performed using fractional-order differentiators and integrators, respectively, combined with a voltage-to-current conversion stage. The transfer function of fractional-order differentiators and integrators can be approximated through the utilization of appropriate integer-order transfer functions. In order to achieve that, the Continued Fraction Expansion as well as the Oustaloup’s approximations can be utilized. The accuracy, in terms of magnitude and phase response, of transfer functions of differentiators/integrators derived through the employment of the aforementioned approximations, is very important factor for achieving high performance approximation of the fractional-order elements. A comparative study of the accuracy offered by the Continued Fraction Expansion and the Oustaloup’s approximation is performed in this paper. As a next step, the corresponding implementations of the emulators of the fractional-order elements, derived using fundamental active cells such as operational amplifiers, operational transconductance amplifiers, current conveyors, and current feedback operational amplifiers realized in commercially available discrete-component IC form, are compared in terms of the most important performance characteristics. The most suitable of them are further compared using the OrCAD PSpice software., Due to the absence of commercially available fractional-order capacitors and inductors, their implementation can be performed using fractional-order differentiators and integrators, respectively, combined with a voltage-to-current conversion stage. The transfer function of fractional-order differentiators and integrators can be approximated through the utilization of appropriate integer-order transfer functions. In order to achieve that, the Continued Fraction Expansion as well as the Oustaloup’s approximations can be utilized. The accuracy, in terms of magnitude and phase response, of transfer functions of differentiators/integrators derived through the employment of the aforementioned approximations, is very important factor for achieving high performance approximation of the fractional-order elements. A comparative study of the accuracy offered by the Continued Fraction Expansion and the Oustaloup’s approximation is performed in this paper. As a next step, the corresponding implementations of the emulators of the fractional-order elements, derived using fundamental active cells such as operational amplifiers, operational transconductance amplifiers, current conveyors, and current feedback operational amplifiers realized in commercially available discrete-component IC form, are compared in terms of the most important performance characteristics. The most suitable of them are further compared using the OrCAD PSpice software.

Due to the absence of commercially available fractional-order capacitors and inductors, their implementation can be performed using fractional-order differentiators and integrators, respectively, combined with a voltage-to-current conversion stage. The transfer function of fractional-order differentiators and integrators can be approximated through the utilization of appropriate integer-order transfer functions. In order to achieve that, the Continued Fraction Expansion as well as the Oustaloup’s approximations can be utilized. The accuracy, in terms of magnitude and phase response, of transfer functions of differentiators/integrators derived through the employment of the aforementioned approximations, is very important factor for achieving high performance approximation of the fractional-order elements. A comparative study of the accuracy offered by the Continued Fraction Expansion and the Oustaloup’s approximation is performed in this paper. As a next step, the corresponding implementations of the emulators of the fractional-order elements, derived using fundamental active cells such as operational amplifiers, operational transconductance amplifiers, current conveyors, and current feedback operational amplifiers realized in commercially available discrete-component IC form, are compared in terms of the most important performance characteristics. The most suitable of them are further compared using the OrCAD PSpice software., Due to the absence of commercially available fractional-order capacitors and inductors, their implementation can be performed using fractional-order differentiators and integrators, respectively, combined with a voltage-to-current conversion stage. The transfer function of fractional-order differentiators and integrators can be approximated through the utilization of appropriate integer-order transfer functions. In order to achieve that, the Continued Fraction Expansion as well as the Oustaloup’s approximations can be utilized. The accuracy, in terms of magnitude and phase response, of transfer functions of differentiators/integrators derived through the employment of the aforementioned approximations, is very important factor for achieving high performance approximation of the fractional-order elements. A comparative study of the accuracy offered by the Continued Fraction Expansion and the Oustaloup’s approximation is performed in this paper. As a next step, the corresponding implementations of the emulators of the fractional-order elements, derived using fundamental active cells such as operational amplifiers, operational transconductance amplifiers, current conveyors, and current feedback operational amplifiers realized in commercially available discrete-component IC form, are compared in terms of the most important performance characteristics. The most suitable of them are further compared using the OrCAD PSpice software.

In the paper, a proposal of the fully-differential fractional-order frequency filter with controllability of its parameters is presented. The filter consists of Multi-Output Transconductance Amplifiers (MOTAs), Adjustable Current Amplifier (ACA) as active elements and two pairs of grounded capacitors. The paper contains analysis of the filter with FOEs used instead of classical capacitors in the filter topology. The order of the filter is changed by switching a particular FOEs with required value of the order. The filter possesses the pole frequency and quality factor control. The correctness of the proposed filter is verified by PSpice simulations with behavioural models of theactive elements.

In this study, a new voltage-mode fractional-order oscillator using two unity-gain voltage buffers, two operational transconductance amplifiers, one resistor, and two capacitors is presented. The design procedure of integer-order as well as fractional-order oscillator employing in total 20 MOS transistors is discussed. Effects of fractional-order capacitors on amplitude, phase, condition of oscillation, and frequency of oscillation are shown. Various case examples are given while SPICE simulations using TSMC 0.35 µm level-3 CMOS process parameters with ±1.65 V supply voltages verify their operation and compare with theoretical ones.

A new voltage-mode fractional-order oscillator, employing in total 12 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) transistors, is introduced in this paper. The proposed circuit is composed of two operational transconductance amplifiers, two inverting voltage buffers, one resistor, and two fractional-order capacitors. Compared with the corresponding already introduced fractional-order oscillators, it offers the benefit of low transistor count and, therefore, simplicity of its structure. In addition, it offers the well-known advantages of fractional-order oscillators about the capability for achieving very low and high oscillation frequencies with reasonable component values. The behavior of the proposed oscillator has been numerically studied using the MATLAB program, while its performance has been evaluated by SPICE simulations, using TSMC 0.18 um Level-7 CMOS process parameters with ±1 V supply voltages.

In this study, a new voltage-mode fractional-order oscillator using two unity-gain voltage buffers, two operational transconductance amplifiers, one resistor, and two capacitors is presented. The design procedure of integer-order as well as fractional-order oscillator employing in total 20 MOS transistors is discussed. Effects of fractional-order capacitors on amplitude, phase, condition of oscillation, and frequency of oscillation are shown. Various case examples are given while SPICE simulations using TSMC 0.35 µm level-3 CMOS process parameters with ±1.65 V supply voltages verify their operation and compare with theoretical ones.

A new voltage-mode fractional-order oscillator, employing in total 12 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) transistors, is introduced in this paper. The proposed circuit is composed of two operational transconductance amplifiers, two inverting voltage buffers, one resistor, and two fractional-order capacitors. Compared with the corresponding already introduced fractional-order oscillators, it offers the benefit of low transistor count and, therefore, simplicity of its structure. In addition, it offers the well-known advantages of fractional-order oscillators about the capability for achieving very low and high oscillation frequencies with reasonable component values. The behavior of the proposed oscillator has been numerically studied using the MATLAB program, while its performance has been evaluated by SPICE simulations, using TSMC 0.18 um Level-7 CMOS process parameters with ±1 V supply voltages.

The paper presents a new active building block (ABB) called minus-type voltage gain-controlled third-generation current conveyor (VGC-CCIII) in which the voltage gain between Y to X terminal can be controlled. The usefulness of the tunable feature in the presented ABB is demonstrated in current-mode {0.3rd; 0.5th; 0.7th; 1st}-order all-pass filter (APF) employing single VGC-CCIII, one capacitor, and one resistor. The theoretical results of the integer- and fractional-order APF are verified by SPICE simulations based on readily available IC OPA860 macromodel, which can also be used in experiments.

A new voltage-mode fractional-order oscillator, employing in total 12 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) transistors, is introduced in this paper. The proposed circuit is composed of two operational transconductance amplifiers, two inverting voltage buffers, one resistor, and two fractional-order capacitors. Compared with the corresponding already introduced fractional-order oscillators, it offers the benefit of low transistor count and, therefore, simplicity of its structure. In addition, it offers the well-known advantages of fractional-order oscillators about the capability for achieving very low and high oscillation frequencies with reasonable component values. The behavior of the proposed oscillator has been numerically studied using the MATLAB program, while its performance has been evaluated by SPICE simulations, using TSMC 0.18 um Level-7 CMOS process parameters with ±1 V supply voltages.

The paper presents a new active building block (ABB) called minus-type voltage gain-controlled third-generation current conveyor (VGC-CCIII) in which the voltage gain between Y to X terminal can be controlled. The usefulness of the tunable feature in the presented ABB is demonstrated in current-mode {0.3rd; 0.5th; 0.7th; 1st}-order all-pass filter (APF) employing single VGC-CCIII, one capacitor, and one resistor. The theoretical results of the integer- and fractional-order APF are verified by SPICE simulations based on readily available IC OPA860 macromodel, which can also be used in experiments.

In this study, a new voltage-mode fractional-order oscillator using two unity-gain voltage buffers, two operational transconductance amplifiers, one resistor, and two capacitors is presented. The design procedure of integer-order as well as fractional-order oscillator employing in total 20 MOS transistors is discussed. Effects of fractional-order capacitors on amplitude, phase, condition of oscillation, and frequency of oscillation are shown. Various case examples are given while SPICE simulations using TSMC 0.35 µm level-3 CMOS process parameters with ±1.65 V supply voltages verify their operation and compare with theoretical ones.

The paper presents a new active building block (ABB) called minus-type voltage gain-controlled third-generation current conveyor (VGC-CCIII) in which the voltage gain between Y to X terminal can be controlled. The usefulness of the tunable feature in the presented ABB is demonstrated in current-mode {0.3rd; 0.5th; 0.7th; 1st}-order all-pass filter (APF) employing single VGC-CCIII, one capacitor, and one resistor. The theoretical results of the integer- and fractional-order APF are verified by SPICE simulations based on readily available IC OPA860 macromodel, which can also be used in experiments.

In this study, a new voltage-mode fractional-order oscillator using two unity-gain voltage buffers, two operational transconductance amplifiers, one resistor, and two capacitors is presented. The design procedure of integer-order as well as fractional-order oscillator employing in total 20 MOS transistors is discussed. Effects of fractional-order capacitors on amplitude, phase, condition of oscillation, and frequency of oscillation are shown. Various case examples are given while SPICE simulations using TSMC 0.35 µm level-3 CMOS process parameters with ±1.65 V supply voltages verify their operation and compare with theoretical ones.

A new voltage-mode fractional-order oscillator, employing in total 12 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) transistors, is introduced in this paper. The proposed circuit is composed of two operational transconductance amplifiers, two inverting voltage buffers, one resistor, and two fractional-order capacitors. Compared with the corresponding already introduced fractional-order oscillators, it offers the benefit of low transistor count and, therefore, simplicity of its structure. In addition, it offers the well-known advantages of fractional-order oscillators about the capability for achieving very low and high oscillation frequencies with reasonable component values. The behavior of the proposed oscillator has been numerically studied using the MATLAB program, while its performance has been evaluated by SPICE simulations, using TSMC 0.18 um Level-7 CMOS process parameters with ±1 V supply voltages.

The paper presents a new active building block (ABB) called minus-type voltage gain-controlled third-generation current conveyor (VGC-CCIII) in which the voltage gain between Y to X terminal can be controlled. The usefulness of the tunable feature in the presented ABB is demonstrated in current-mode {0.3rd; 0.5th; 0.7th; 1st}-order all-pass filter (APF) employing single VGC-CCIII, one capacitor, and one resistor. The theoretical results of the integer- and fractional-order APF are verified by SPICE simulations based on readily available IC OPA860 macromodel, which can also be used in experiments.

The concept of the wave filtering is followed in the derivation of high-order filter topologies by employing Current Feedback Operational Amplifiers as active blocks. For this purpose, the wave equivalent of an appropriate passive element chosen to be the elementary building block is introduced. As the wave equivalents of the other passive elements are derived by performing appropriate manipulations in the configuration of the wave equivalent of the elementary building block, an attractive characteristic offered by the derived filter topologies is the modularity of their structures. The validity of the proposed method is verified through experimental results in the case of a 3rd-order lowpass filter.

The concept of the wave filtering is followed in the derivation of high-order filter topologies by employing Current Feedback Operational Amplifiers as active blocks. For this purpose, the wave equivalent of an appropriate passive element chosen to be the elementary building block is introduced. As the wave equivalents of the other passive elements are derived by performing appropriate manipulations in the configuration of the wave equivalent of the elementary building block, an attractive characteristic offered by the derived filter topologies is the modularity of their structures. The validity of the proposed method is verified through experimental results in the case of a 3rd-order lowpass filter.