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Since the early 2010s, Stockholm has seen a visible emergence of homelessness and begging amongst predominantly Romanian citizens, many of whom identify as Roma, who have collectively come to be known as ‘vulnerable EU citizens’. Despite their prolonged presence and a great deal of political attention, there remains a lack of in-depth research into their experiences of homelessness in the city. This thesis addresses this gap and seeks to forge a deeper understanding for both the experiences and spatial practices of these individuals in Stockholm, as well as the responses with which they have been met by state and society at the local and national levels. The study employs a mixture of qualitative research methods, primarily grounded in semi-structured interviews with ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ in Stockholm, alongside interviews with other actors in the city, ethnographic observations and text analysis. It is theoretically grounded primarily within the critical literature on geographies of homelessness. The thesis consists of a comprehensive summary and three papers, all with a focus on understanding the experiences of ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ in Stockholm and the ambivalent responses with which they have been met. Paper 1 explores issues relating to access to water and sanitation infrastructure for this group in Stockholm. In doing so it reveals the multiple strategies that individuals must employ in order to meet their basic needs, as well as the effects that limited access can have with regard to their emotional experiences and spatial practices in the city. Paper 2 directs attention to the use of public space for livelihood activities in two areas of Stockholm, with a focus on the ways in which ­local police have responded to begging practices. It demonstrates the ways in which unevenly punitive policing landscapes have developed through interwoven relations including the agency of individual police officers and the path-dependencies created by local spatial order

Since the early 2010s, Stockholm has seen a visible emergence of homelessness and begging amongst predominantly Romanian citizens, many of whom identify as Roma, who have collectively come to be known as ‘vulnerable EU citizens’. Despite their prolonged presence and a great deal of political attention, there remains a lack of in-depth research into their experiences of homelessness in the city. This thesis addresses this gap and seeks to forge a deeper understanding for both the experiences and spatial practices of these individuals in Stockholm, as well as the responses with which they have been met by state and society at the local and national levels. The study employs a mixture of qualitative research methods, primarily grounded in semi-structured interviews with ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ in Stockholm, alongside interviews with other actors in the city, ethnographic observations and text analysis. It is theoretically grounded primarily within the critical literature on geographies of homelessness. The thesis consists of a comprehensive summary and three papers, all with a focus on understanding the experiences of ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ in Stockholm and the ambivalent responses with which they have been met. Paper 1 explores issues relating to access to water and sanitation infrastructure for this group in Stockholm. In doing so it reveals the multiple strategies that individuals must employ in order to meet their basic needs, as well as the effects that limited access can have with regard to their emotional experiences and spatial practices in the city. Paper 2 directs attention to the use of public space for livelihood activities in two areas of Stockholm, with a focus on the ways in which ­local police have responded to begging practices. It demonstrates the ways in which unevenly punitive policing landscapes have developed through interwoven relations including the agency of individual police officers and the path-dependencies created by local spatial order

Since the early 2010s, Stockholm has seen a visible emergence of homelessness and begging amongst predominantly Romanian citizens, many of whom identify as Roma, who have collectively come to be known as ‘vulnerable EU citizens’. Despite their prolonged presence and a great deal of political attention, there remains a lack of in-depth research into their experiences of homelessness in the city. This thesis addresses this gap and seeks to forge a deeper understanding for both the experiences and spatial practices of these individuals in Stockholm, as well as the responses with which they have been met by state and society at the local and national levels. The study employs a mixture of qualitative research methods, primarily grounded in semi-structured interviews with ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ in Stockholm, alongside interviews with other actors in the city, ethnographic observations and text analysis. It is theoretically grounded primarily within the critical literature on geographies of homelessness. The thesis consists of a comprehensive summary and three papers, all with a focus on understanding the experiences of ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ in Stockholm and the ambivalent responses with which they have been met. Paper 1 explores issues relating to access to water and sanitation infrastructure for this group in Stockholm. In doing so it reveals the multiple strategies that individuals must employ in order to meet their basic needs, as well as the effects that limited access can have with regard to their emotional experiences and spatial practices in the city. Paper 2 directs attention to the use of public space for livelihood activities in two areas of Stockholm, with a focus on the ways in which ­local police have responded to begging practices. It demonstrates the ways in which unevenly punitive policing landscapes have developed through interwoven relations including the agency of individual police officers and the path-dependencies created by local spatial order

Since the early 2010s, Stockholm has seen a visible emergence of homelessness and begging amongst predominantly Romanian citizens, many of whom identify as Roma, who have collectively come to be known as ‘vulnerable EU citizens’. Despite their prolonged presence and a great deal of political attention, there remains a lack of in-depth research into their experiences of homelessness in the city. This thesis addresses this gap and seeks to forge a deeper understanding for both the experiences and spatial practices of these individuals in Stockholm, as well as the responses with which they have been met by state and society at the local and national levels. The study employs a mixture of qualitative research methods, primarily grounded in semi-structured interviews with ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ in Stockholm, alongside interviews with other actors in the city, ethnographic observations and text analysis. It is theoretically grounded primarily within the critical literature on geographies of homelessness. The thesis consists of a comprehensive summary and three papers, all with a focus on understanding the experiences of ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ in Stockholm and the ambivalent responses with which they have been met. Paper 1 explores issues relating to access to water and sanitation infrastructure for this group in Stockholm. In doing so it reveals the multiple strategies that individuals must employ in order to meet their basic needs, as well as the effects that limited access can have with regard to their emotional experiences and spatial practices in the city. Paper 2 directs attention to the use of public space for livelihood activities in two areas of Stockholm, with a focus on the ways in which ­local police have responded to begging practices. It demonstrates the ways in which unevenly punitive policing landscapes have developed through interwoven relations including the agency of individual police officers and the path-dependencies created by local spatial order

Since the early 2010s, Stockholm has seen a visible emergence of homelessness and begging amongst predominantly Romanian citizens, many of whom identify as Roma, who have collectively come to be known as ‘vulnerable EU citizens’. Despite their prolonged presence and a great deal of political attention, there remains a lack of in-depth research into their experiences of homelessness in the city. This thesis addresses this gap and seeks to forge a deeper understanding for both the experiences and spatial practices of these individuals in Stockholm, as well as the responses with which they have been met by state and society at the local and national levels. The study employs a mixture of qualitative research methods, primarily grounded in semi-structured interviews with ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ in Stockholm, alongside interviews with other actors in the city, ethnographic observations and text analysis. It is theoretically grounded primarily within the critical literature on geographies of homelessness. The thesis consists of a comprehensive summary and three papers, all with a focus on understanding the experiences of ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ in Stockholm and the ambivalent responses with which they have been met. Paper 1 explores issues relating to access to water and sanitation infrastructure for this group in Stockholm. In doing so it reveals the multiple strategies that individuals must employ in order to meet their basic needs, as well as the effects that limited access can have with regard to their emotional experiences and spatial practices in the city. Paper 2 directs attention to the use of public space for livelihood activities in two areas of Stockholm, with a focus on the ways in which ­local police have responded to begging practices. It demonstrates the ways in which unevenly punitive policing landscapes have developed through interwoven relations including the agency of individual police officers and the path-dependencies created by local spatial order

Since the early 2010s, Stockholm has seen a visible emergence of homelessness and begging amongst predominantly Romanian citizens, many of whom identify as Roma, who have collectively come to be known as ‘vulnerable EU citizens’. Despite their prolonged presence and a great deal of political attention, there remains a lack of in-depth research into their experiences of homelessness in the city. This thesis addresses this gap and seeks to forge a deeper understanding for both the experiences and spatial practices of these individuals in Stockholm, as well as the responses with which they have been met by state and society at the local and national levels. The study employs a mixture of qualitative research methods, primarily grounded in semi-structured interviews with ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ in Stockholm, alongside interviews with other actors in the city, ethnographic observations and text analysis. It is theoretically grounded primarily within the critical literature on geographies of homelessness. The thesis consists of a comprehensive summary and three papers, all with a focus on understanding the experiences of ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ in Stockholm and the ambivalent responses with which they have been met. Paper 1 explores issues relating to access to water and sanitation infrastructure for this group in Stockholm. In doing so it reveals the multiple strategies that individuals must employ in order to meet their basic needs, as well as the effects that limited access can have with regard to their emotional experiences and spatial practices in the city. Paper 2 directs attention to the use of public space for livelihood activities in two areas of Stockholm, with a focus on the ways in which ­local police have responded to begging practices. It demonstrates the ways in which unevenly punitive policing landscapes have developed through interwoven relations including the agency of individual police officers and the path-dependencies created by local spatial order

Objective: to carry out a systematic review of the literature (SRL) of the potential articles and the main bibliographic references on punitive culture in patient safety, in the period between 2008 and 2018, for their subsequent classification and selection, using explicit and reproducible criteria of the articles that were finally included in the study, to finally synthesize the data obtained and interpret the results. Method: The PRISMA-type methodological proposal is an SRL with qualitative compilation and with a retrospective design. Four databases were searched: EBSCO Discovery service, PubMed, Lilacs, and ScienceDirect. 3,709 and subsequently 15,008 entries were reviewed. Results: After reading the titles, abstracts and full texts, 17 articles that had used the survey (HSOPSC) as an evaluation tool and 12 more articles were selected, where their findings were important for the research. Although most of the selected articles did not target the subject of punitive culture in patient safety, there were findings showing that the punitive culture is still in force, with a positive response for the dimension “punitive response to error” of less than 50 % in all selected studies. Conclusion: The culture dimension continues to have the same negative connotation among health professionals, which is reflected in the results of the survey., Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura (RSL) de los potenciales artículos y los principales referentes bibliográficos sobre cultura punitiva en seguridad del paciente, en el periodo entre 2008 y 2018, para su posterior clasificación y selección, mediante criterios explícitos y reproducibles de los artículos que fueron incluidos finalmente en el estudio y por último sintetizar los datos obtenidos e interpretar los resultados. Método: La propuesta metodológica tipo PRISMA es una RSL con recopilación cualitativa y con un diseño retrospectivo. Se hicieron búsquedas en cuatro bases de datos: EBSCO Discovery service, PubMed, Lilacs y ScienceDirect. Se revisaron inicialmente 3.709 y posteriormente, 15.008 entradas. Resultados: Después de la lectura de títulos, resúmenes y textos completos, se seleccionaron 17 artículos que habían utilizado la encuesta (HSOPSC) como herramienta de evaluación y 12 artículos más, donde sus hallazgos fueron importantes para la investigación. Aunque la mayoría de los artículos seleccionados no tenían como objetivo el tema de cultura punitiva en seguridad del paciente sí hubo hallazgos donde se demuestra que la cultura punitiva sigue vigente, teniendo una respuesta positiva para la dimensión “respuesta punitiva al error” de menos del 50% en todos los estudios seleccionados. Conclusión: La dimensión cultura sigue teniendo la misma connotación negativa entre los profesionales de la salud, lo cual se ve reflejado en los resultados arrojados por la encuesta.

Objective: to carry out a systematic review of the literature (SRL) of the potential articles and the main bibliographic references on punitive culture in patient safety, in the period between 2008 and 2018, for their subsequent classification and selection, using explicit and reproducible criteria of the articles that were finally included in the study, to finally synthesize the data obtained and interpret the results. Method: The PRISMA-type methodological proposal is an SRL with qualitative compilation and with a retrospective design. Four databases were searched: EBSCO Discovery service, PubMed, Lilacs, and ScienceDirect. 3,709 and subsequently 15,008 entries were reviewed. Results: After reading the titles, abstracts and full texts, 17 articles that had used the survey (HSOPSC) as an evaluation tool and 12 more articles were selected, where their findings were important for the research. Although most of the selected articles did not target the subject of punitive culture in patient safety, there were findings showing that the punitive culture is still in force, with a positive response for the dimension “punitive response to error” of less than 50 % in all selected studies. Conclusion: The culture dimension continues to have the same negative connotation among health professionals, which is reflected in the results of the survey., Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura (RSL) de los potenciales artículos y los principales referentes bibliográficos sobre cultura punitiva en seguridad del paciente, en el periodo entre 2008 y 2018, para su posterior clasificación y selección, mediante criterios explícitos y reproducibles de los artículos que fueron incluidos finalmente en el estudio y por último sintetizar los datos obtenidos e interpretar los resultados. Método: La propuesta metodológica tipo PRISMA es una RSL con recopilación cualitativa y con un diseño retrospectivo. Se hicieron búsquedas en cuatro bases de datos: EBSCO Discovery service, PubMed, Lilacs y ScienceDirect. Se revisaron inicialmente 3.709 y posteriormente, 15.008 entradas. Resultados: Después de la lectura de títulos, resúmenes y textos completos, se seleccionaron 17 artículos que habían utilizado la encuesta (HSOPSC) como herramienta de evaluación y 12 artículos más, donde sus hallazgos fueron importantes para la investigación. Aunque la mayoría de los artículos seleccionados no tenían como objetivo el tema de cultura punitiva en seguridad del paciente sí hubo hallazgos donde se demuestra que la cultura punitiva sigue vigente, teniendo una respuesta positiva para la dimensión “respuesta punitiva al error” de menos del 50% en todos los estudios seleccionados. Conclusión: La dimensión cultura sigue teniendo la misma connotación negativa entre los profesionales de la salud, lo cual se ve reflejado en los resultados arrojados por la encuesta.

The collection of aviation safety information from those who encounter hazards and or commit an unsafe act is increasingly important to allow airlines to proactively apply risk mitigation measures in order to reduce risks to a level that is acceptable. Safety information that is provided from the flight crew has the potential to be highly descriptive and contextualised to the perspective of the front line operator, aiding the identification and interpretation of hazardous conditions that may be present in the system. The effectiveness of an airline’s safety risk management is highly dependent on the voluntary reporting of safety information. However, there is anecdotal evidence that some pilots refrain from reporting safety-related information because they are fearful that the data they voluntarily report may be used against them for punitive purposes. Hence, the aim of the present research is to investigate reporting behaviour of flight crew, their trust in their airline’s ‘just culture’, and to identify reasons why pilots choose not to report safety information. The research comprised four studies. A large number of respondents, 270 Australian-based, and 539 European-based commercial pilots participated in the research. The results of the first two studies (AU and EU) reveal that fifty-three per cent of the Australian pilots and thirty-three per cent of the European pilots had either under-reported or failed to report safety related information in their airlines’ Safety Management System. Fear of reprisal from employer was identified as the leading reason for under-reporting or failing to report by the two pilot groups. The aim of study 3 and 4 is to investigate the foundation of this fear. Very little evidence of actual reprisal or punishment is revealed from the respondents. However, pilots perceive the airlines’ actions in meeting its compliance and standards responsibilities (i.e., remedial training and incident investigation) as punitive in nature. These resu

The growth of the so-called punitive populism and symbolic criminal law in Colombian legislation, the lack of effectiveness in drawing up the State’s criminal policy and the sterility of the results in the reduction of crime are analyzed, with the correlative hardening of penalties and their instrumentalization. The aim is to determine whether there is legal certainty with symbolic criminal law and punitive populism, and whether they respond to the functions of punishment. The method used is descriptive, bibliographic in scope and uses secondary sources of information, selected from reliable databases. After compiling all the information, it is concluded that the implementation of these two concepts does not guarantee a reduction in the crime rate, due to the fact that they are based on legislative irresponsibility, which do not serve to prevent and control crime, but do generate a feeling of tranquility and illusion in the community, and do not respond to the functions of the penalty outlined in the Colombian legal system., Se analiza el crecimiento del llamado populismo punitivo y derecho penal simbólico en la legislación colombiana, la falta de eficacia a la hora de trazar la política criminal por parte del Estado y la esterilidad de los resultados en la disminución de la criminalidad, con el correlativo endurecimiento de las penas e instrumentalización de las mismas. Se busca determinar si existe seguridad jurídica con el derecho penal simbólico y el populismo punitivo; así como si los mismos responden a las funciones de la pena. El método utilizado es de alcance descriptivo, bibliográfico y se utilizan fuentes de información secundarias, seleccionadas de bases de datos confiables. Una vez recopilada toda la información se concluye que, con la implementación de estos dos conceptos no se garantiza la baja en el índice de criminalidad, debido a que se parte de una irresponsabilidad legislativa, las cuales no sirven para prevenir y controlar la criminalidad, pero si generan un sentimiento de tranquilidad e ilusión en la colectividad, no respondiendo los mismos a las funciones de la pena trazadas en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano.

Prison populations in Canada have been increasing in recent years while crime rates have been on a steady decline. Critical criminologists have addressed such issues in terms of the emergence of a “new punitiveness” that emphasizes incarceration as a response to crime. Some commentators, however, have argued that Canada has been exempt from this punitive turn. Nevertheless, the “tough on crime” policies introduced by the Harper government during its tenure in power from 2006 to 2015 suggest otherwise. Using the safety of the public as its main justification for “getting tough on crime,” the Harper government introduced an enormous number of bills and legislation that cracked down on Canadian crime laws, while simultaneously executing budget cuts that made it more difficult for the Correctional Service to operate at an acceptable standard. To assess the impact of the Harper government’s “tough on crime” strategy, 16 frontline workers were interviewed to add a missing piece to the discussion surrounding these policies. These workers have seen first-hand what the impact of the Harper government’s policies have been, providing evidence that the punitive turn has now taken hold in Canada. There has been a dynamic shift in the penal landscape of Canada from rehabilitation to toward the warehousing of prisoners. This shift is informed by a New Right rationality that places individualized responsibility onto offenders, while concurrently increasing state interventionism by warranting strict penalties for those who do not operate within society’s desired moral ideals. Moving forward, the challenge for the new Liberal government will be to resist the punitive rhetoric of the Harper government’s legacy that has taken hold on the Canadian landscape.

Prison populations in Canada have been increasing in recent years while crime rates have been on a steady decline. Critical criminologists have addressed such issues in terms of the emergence of a “new punitiveness” that emphasizes incarceration as a response to crime. Some commentators, however, have argued that Canada has been exempt from this punitive turn. Nevertheless, the “tough on crime” policies introduced by the Harper government during its tenure in power from 2006 to 2015 suggest otherwise. Using the safety of the public as its main justification for “getting tough on crime,” the Harper government introduced an enormous number of bills and legislation that cracked down on Canadian crime laws, while simultaneously executing budget cuts that made it more difficult for the Correctional Service to operate at an acceptable standard. To assess the impact of the Harper government’s “tough on crime” strategy, 16 frontline workers were interviewed to add a missing piece to the discussion surrounding these policies. These workers have seen first-hand what the impact of the Harper government’s policies have been, providing evidence that the punitive turn has now taken hold in Canada. There has been a dynamic shift in the penal landscape of Canada from rehabilitation to toward the warehousing of prisoners. This shift is informed by a New Right rationality that places individualized responsibility onto offenders, while concurrently increasing state interventionism by warranting strict penalties for those who do not operate within society’s desired moral ideals. Moving forward, the challenge for the new Liberal government will be to resist the punitive rhetoric of the Harper government’s legacy that has taken hold on the Canadian landscape.

Populism is widely regarded in the literature as a negative and inherently punitive influence on criminal justice policy. This article challenges this view and highlights the ways in which populism can produce forms of citizen engagement in the criminal justice context that are new and progressive. These possibilities are illustrated through a close analysis of the responses to a single instance of ‘random’ fatal violence: the killing of Thomas Kelly in King’s Cross, Sydney, in 2012. This case study shows how a populist campaign powerfully realigned political allegiances to call for, and achieve, real and enduring action from the New South Wales Government in addressing alcohol-related violence.

Classroom management and discipline are key components in determining the success of a school. A safe, positive environment increases the potential for quality learning and complete development on the part of every student. However, the resulting behavior of those disciplined is as varied as the systems or methods employed. The aim of this paper is to provide sufficient rationale to support both the subjective probability that a significant difference exists between the recidivism rates of those who are disciplined redemptively and those disciplined punitively and the necessity to conduct future qualitative and quantitative research to validate that theoretical position.

Esclavitud y Espectáculo Punitivo en el Brasil Decimonónico

Esclavitud y Espectáculo Punitivo en el Brasil Decimonónico

Esclavitud y Espectáculo Punitivo en el Brasil Decimonónico

The presence of ’vulnerable EU citizens’ living in a state of homelessness in Sweden has proven politically divisive and created a number of novel challenges for the Swedish state to address. This paper explores the ways in which this phenomenon has been discursively framed by leading political figures in Sweden, identifying three dominant, recurring ‘narratives’ and submitting these to a discourse analysis in an attempt to better understand ambivalent state responses to this issue. The analysis also draws on interview material collected amongst ‘vulnerable EU citizens’ in Stockholm in order to give voice to these counter-discourses and to highlight silences and assumptions within the dominant political discourses. The paper employs Peter Marcuse’s (1988) concept of ‘neutralizing homelessness’ as a springboard for analysis, arguing that the Swedish political response can be characterized by attempts to neutralize the effects of this form of homelessness on the majority population. However, it is argued that ‘neutralization’ takes a different form in a context in which the homeless population are positioned as temporary migrants, suggesting the need to revisit Marcuse’s ideas in a manner that is relational and contingent, in response to novel forms of homelessness.