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The project develops the concept and implementation of Industry 4.0 for small- and medium-sized companies, which is currently lacking in the industrial sector. The aim is to obtain a methodology or procedure to facilitate the conversion of medium-sized industrial manufacturing companies into “digital factory” working models, in accordance with Industry 4.0.

The project develops the concept and implementation of Industry 4.0 for small- and medium-sized companies, which is currently lacking in the industrial sector. The aim is to obtain a methodology or procedure to facilitate the conversion of medium-sized industrial manufacturing companies into “digital factory” working models, in accordance with Industry 4.0.

The project develops the concept and implementation of Industry 4.0 for small- and medium-sized companies, which is currently lacking in the industrial sector. The aim is to obtain a methodology or procedure to facilitate the conversion of medium-sized industrial manufacturing companies into “digital factory” working models, in accordance with Industry 4.0.

The project develops the concept and implementation of Industry 4.0 for small- and medium-sized companies, which is currently lacking in the industrial sector. The aim is to obtain a methodology or procedure to facilitate the conversion of medium-sized industrial manufacturing companies into “digital factory” working models, in accordance with Industry 4.0.

El cambio climático, los niveles de emisiones contaminantes, aumento de la demanda energética mundial, o la gestión de residuos como los nucleares son unas de las mayores problemáticas a las que se enfrenta la comunidad científica actualmente. Realmente, la tecnología necesaria para solucionar todos estos problemas ya se encuentra desarrollada en gran medida pero existen otros intereses en juego que afectan a la intención de revertir esta situación. En el ámbito de la generación y distribución de energía térmica, las redes de calefacción o district heating son una de las mejores herramientas para combatir gran parte de los inconvenientes que se presentan en ella. Gracias a estas instalaciones se puede mejorar la eficiencia energética a la vez que puede basarse en fuentes o totalmente renovables o menos contaminantes que la actuales. Sin embargo, son sistemas que exceptuando algunas zonas en las que sí existen de forma tradicional, no han llegado a penetrar como es debido en la gran mayoría de países. Existen numerosas barreras de tipo social o regulatorias que se oponen al desarrollo de este tipo de tecnología. Desde este estudio, se es consciente del gran potencial que poseen y se pretender promover su uso para poder alcanzar los objetivos medioambientales. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de desarrollar un modelo basado en relaciones entre agentes que permite evaluar la sostenibilidad del sistema en su conjunto. La sostenibilidad será desde el punto de vista medioambiental, social y económico. Además el modelo permitirá identificar y remover algunas de las principales barreras que impiden el desarrollo de esta tecnología. El modelo se llama Biomass Universal District Heating (BioUnivDH), porque se establecerá para su uso en redes de calefacción que usen biomasa como combustible. El modelo permite realizar evaluaciones globales pero también consigue encontrar las fortalezas y debilidades de los proyectos pudiendo tomar las medidas adecuadas para mejorarlos. Tambié, Climate change, pollutant emission levels, increased global energy demand, or waste management such as nuclear are some of the biggest problems facing the scientific community today. Actually, the technology necessary to solve all these problems is already developed but there are other interests that affect the intention to reverse this situation. In the field of thermal energy generation and distribution, heating or district heating networks are one of the best tools to combat much of the inconveniences that arise in it. Thanks to these facilities, energy efficiency can be improved while it can be based on sources totally renewable or less polluting than today. However, they are systems that, except for some areas in which they exist in a traditional way, have not been able to penetrate properly in the vast majority of countries. There are numerous social or regulatory barriers that oppose the development of this type of technology. From this study, we are aware of the great potential they have and intend to promote their use in order to achieve environmental objectives. The objective of this work is to develop a model based on relationships between agents that allows evaluating the sustainability of the system as a whole. Sustainability will be from the environmental, social and economic point of view. In addition, the model will identify and remove some of the main barriers that prevent the development of this technology. The model is called Biomass Universal District Heating (BioUnivDH), because it will be established for use in heating networks that use biomass as fuel. The model allows global evaluations but also manages to find the strengths and weaknesses of the projects and can take appropriate measures to improve them. It also analyzes the relationships that have the different agents and quantifies the level of them, so that it is able to rank the influence and the interests that they have within the group. The outputs of the model will be parameters, indi

Biomass heating networks provide renewable heat using low carbon energy sources. They can be powerful tools for economy decarbonization. Heating networks can increase heating efficiency in districts and small size municipalities, using more efficient thermal generation technologies, with higher efficiencies and with more efficient emissions abatement technologies. This paper analyzes the application of a biomass fourth generation district heating, 4GDH (4th Generation Biomass District Heating), in a rural municipality. The heating network is designed to supply 77 residential buildings and eight public buildings, to replace the current individual diesel boilers and electrical heating systems. The development of the new fourth district heating generation implies the challenge of combining using low or very low temperatures in the distribution network pipes and delivery temperatures in existing facilities buildings. In this work biomass district heating designs based on third and fourth generation district heating network criteria are evaluated in terms of design conditions, operating ranges, effect of variable temperature operation, energy efficiency and investment and operating costs. The Internal Rate of Return of the different options ranges from 6.55% for a design based on the third generation network to 7.46% for a design based on the fourth generation network, with a 25 years investment horizon. The results and analyses of this work show the interest and challenges for the next low temperature DH generation for the rural area under analysis.

This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the regional potential for developing biomass district heating systems combining forestry biomass and agriculture residues as fuel. As a case study, this methodology is applied to the continental region of Spain. With this analysis the potential for the implementation of biomass district heating systems based on the use of agriculture residues is applied to 501 rural municipalities in Spain. The renewable forestry biomass and agriculture residues resources availability is analyzed and the biomass required for heating is assessed. The results of applying the methodology show the interest of the combination of biomass sources in a relevant number of municipalities with estimated Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values above 10% and for the analyzed region an IRR mean value of 4.3%.

This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the regional potential for developing biomass district heating systems combining forestry biomass and agriculture residues as fuel. As a case study, this methodology is applied to the continental region of Spain. With this analysis the potential for the implementation of biomass district heating systems based on the use of agriculture residues is applied to 501 rural municipalities in Spain. The renewable forestry biomass and agriculture residues resources availability is analyzed and the biomass required for heating is assessed. The results of applying the methodology show the interest of the combination of biomass sources in a relevant number of municipalities with estimated Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values above 10% and for the analyzed region an IRR mean value of 4.3%.

This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the regional potential for developing biomass district heating systems combining forestry biomass and agriculture residues as fuel. As a case study, this methodology is applied to the continental region of Spain. With this analysis the potential for the implementation of biomass district heating systems based on the use of agriculture residues is applied to 501 rural municipalities in Spain. The renewable forestry biomass and agriculture residues resources availability is analyzed and the biomass required for heating is assessed. The results of applying the methodology show the interest of the combination of biomass sources in a relevant number of municipalities with estimated Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values above 10% and for the analyzed region an IRR mean value of 4.3%.

Biomass heating networks provide renewable heat using low carbon energy sources. They can be powerful tools for economy decarbonization. Heating networks can increase heating efficiency in districts and small size municipalities, using more efficient thermal generation technologies, with higher efficiencies and with more efficient emissions abatement technologies. This paper analyzes the application of a biomass fourth generation district heating, 4GDH (4th Generation Biomass District Heating), in a rural municipality. The heating network is designed to supply 77 residential buildings and eight public buildings, to replace the current individual diesel boilers and electrical heating systems. The development of the new fourth district heating generation implies the challenge of combining using low or very low temperatures in the distribution network pipes and delivery temperatures in existing facilities buildings. In this work biomass district heating designs based on third and fourth generation district heating network criteria are evaluated in terms of design conditions, operating ranges, effect of variable temperature operation, energy efficiency and investment and operating costs. The Internal Rate of Return of the different options ranges from 6.55% for a design based on the third generation network to 7.46% for a design based on the fourth generation network, with a 25 years investment horizon. The results and analyses of this work show the interest and challenges for the next low temperature DH generation for the rural area under analysis.

This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the regional potential for developing biomass district heating systems combining forestry biomass and agriculture residues as fuel. As a case study, this methodology is applied to the continental region of Spain. With this analysis the potential for the implementation of biomass district heating systems based on the use of agriculture residues is applied to 501 rural municipalities in Spain. The renewable forestry biomass and agriculture residues resources availability is analyzed and the biomass required for heating is assessed. The results of applying the methodology show the interest of the combination of biomass sources in a relevant number of municipalities with estimated Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values above 10% and for the analyzed region an IRR mean value of 4.3%.

This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the regional potential for developing biomass district heating systems combining forestry biomass and agriculture residues as fuel. As a case study, this methodology is applied to the continental region of Spain. With this analysis the potential for the implementation of biomass district heating systems based on the use of agriculture residues is applied to 501 rural municipalities in Spain. The renewable forestry biomass and agriculture residues resources availability is analyzed and the biomass required for heating is assessed. The results of applying the methodology show the interest of the combination of biomass sources in a relevant number of municipalities with estimated Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values above 10% and for the analyzed region an IRR mean value of 4.3%.

Biomass heating networks provide renewable heat using low carbon energy sources. They can be powerful tools for economy decarbonization. Heating networks can increase heating efficiency in districts and small size municipalities, using more efficient thermal generation technologies, with higher efficiencies and with more efficient emissions abatement technologies. This paper analyzes the application of a biomass fourth generation district heating, 4GDH (4th Generation Biomass District Heating), in a rural municipality. The heating network is designed to supply 77 residential buildings and eight public buildings, to replace the current individual diesel boilers and electrical heating systems. The development of the new fourth district heating generation implies the challenge of combining using low or very low temperatures in the distribution network pipes and delivery temperatures in existing facilities buildings. In this work biomass district heating designs based on third and fourth generation district heating network criteria are evaluated in terms of design conditions, operating ranges, effect of variable temperature operation, energy efficiency and investment and operating costs. The Internal Rate of Return of the different options ranges from 6.55% for a design based on the third generation network to 7.46% for a design based on the fourth generation network, with a 25 years investment horizon. The results and analyses of this work show the interest and challenges for the next low temperature DH generation for the rural area under analysis.

Biomass heating networks provide renewable heat using low carbon energy sources. They can be powerful tools for economy decarbonization. Heating networks can increase heating efficiency in districts and small size municipalities, using more efficient thermal generation technologies, with higher efficiencies and with more efficient emissions abatement technologies. This paper analyzes the application of a biomass fourth generation district heating, 4GDH (4th Generation Biomass District Heating), in a rural municipality. The heating network is designed to supply 77 residential buildings and eight public buildings, to replace the current individual diesel boilers and electrical heating systems. The development of the new fourth district heating generation implies the challenge of combining using low or very low temperatures in the distribution network pipes and delivery temperatures in existing facilities buildings. In this work biomass district heating designs based on third and fourth generation district heating network criteria are evaluated in terms of design conditions, operating ranges, effect of variable temperature operation, energy efficiency and investment and operating costs. The Internal Rate of Return of the different options ranges from 6.55% for a design based on the third generation network to 7.46% for a design based on the fourth generation network, with a 25 years investment horizon. The results and analyses of this work show the interest and challenges for the next low temperature DH generation for the rural area under analysis.