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Background: The role of salvage surgery after tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer is largely unexplored. Patients: We aimed to describe the pathological features and surgical early-outcomes of Anaplastic Lymphome Kinase anaplastic lymphome kinase positive non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing surgery after first-line alectinib treatment. We retrospectively collected and analyzed multicentric data of 10 patients treated with alectinib for advanced-stage anaplastic lymphome kinase positive lung adenocarcinoma who underwent anatomical surgical resection from January 2020 to Decemeber 2021. All patients were treatment naive and received alectinib (600 mg twice daily). Surgery was always proposed after multidisciplinary discussion. The primary endpoints were pathological response and surgical feasibility (technical intraoperative complications, postoperative outcomes). Results: Alectinib was received for a mean of 212 days before surgery (42-415 days) and was generally interrupted about one week before surgery (range: 0-32 days) with no patient experienced grade 4 toxicity. All patients received an R0 resection with surgery consisting of lobectomy in 8 cases with bilobectomy and (left) pneumonectomy in 1 case each. Intra-operative difficulties were described in 7 cases (70%), mostly due to perivascular fibrosis or thickening of mediastinal lymph nodal tissues. Major and minor complications occurred in 0 and 3 cases (30%), respectively. A pathological complete response and major pathological response (defined as 0% and < 10% viable tumor cells, respectively) were observed in 50% and 90% of cases, respectively. Despite short follow-up, only one tumor recurrence was observed (in the only patient who did not resume alectinib after surgery). Interpretation: Despite some technical intraoperative difficulties, salvage surgery was safe and feasible after Alectinib for advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

Karcinom pankreatu je nejčastější malignita podjaterní oblasti, jejíž incidence neustále narůstá a je prakticky shodná s mortalitou. Teoretická část popisuje rizikové faktory vzniku, projevy a prvky diagnostiky karcinomu pankreatu. Dále možnosti chirurgické léčby a adjuvantní či paliativní léčby v podobě chemoterapie a radioterapie. Výzkumná část se zabývá jednotlivými aspekty v diagnostice, léčbě a mortalitě karcinomu pankreatu. Je zde popsán výskyt a délka trvání příznaků tohoto maligního onemocnění, četnost výskytu recidiv po radikální resekci, délka přežití a mnoho dalších elementů v diagnostice, léčbě a mortalitě tohoto onemocnění., Pancreatic carcinoma is the most frequent malignity in under-hepatic region which incidence has got the increasing trend all the time and accords with mortality rate as a matter of fact. The teoretical part describes risk factors of genesis, signs and elements of diagnosis. Further it describes the chances of surgical treatment and adjuvant or palliative treatment in forms of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The experimental part deals with individual aspects of diagnosis, treatment and mortality of pancreatic carcinoma. In this part there are described occurence and duration typical signs of this malignant disease; further are described the occurrence rate of recurrence after radical resection here, the time of survival in clinical stages and more elements in diagnosis, treatment and mortality of this disease., Katedra ošetřovatelství, Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou