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O objetivo desse estudo foi destacar as vantagens da irrigação ultrassônica passiva (PUI) em tratamentos endodônticos, descrevendo suas técnicas, execução e resultados efetivos. A pesquisa foi baseada em uma revisão narrativa de literatura, com busca em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, usando palavras-chave específicas. Os resultados demonstram que a escolha de uma solução irrigadora adequada é fundamental, uma vez que o insucesso do tratamento endodôntico geralmente está relacionado à sobrevivência de microrganismos nos canais radiculares. A irrigação ideal deve ser selecionada com base nas necessidades de cada caso específico, considerando propriedades químicas das soluções de irrigação. A PUI é uma técnica eficaz para ativar soluções de irrigação nos canais radiculares, pode ser mais eficiente na limpeza dos canais do que a irrigação ultrassônica com instrumentação simultânea. A PUI é especialmente útil em canais curvos, e um fio liso pode ser tão eficaz quanto uma lima K de corte. O estudo também destaca a evolução constante da odontologia e a necessidade de investir em tecnologias avançadas para aprimorar os resultados clínicos. Conclui-se que a PUI é uma técnica promissora que oferece benefícios significativos para o sucesso dos tratamentos endodônticos, sua capacidade de atingir áreas de difícil acesso e sua eficácia na desinfecção dos canais radiculares destacam a relevância da técnica na prática odontológica. Espera-se que esse conhecimento contribua para melhorar os protocolos de irrigação e, consequentemente, a eficácia dos tratamentos endodônticos., The objective of this study was to highlight the advantages of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) in endodontic treatments, describing its techniques, execution, and effective outcomes. The research was based on a narrative literature review, with a search in national and international databases, using specific keywords. The results demonstrate that the selection of an appropriate irrigating solution is fundamental since the failure of endodontic treatment is often related to the survival of microorganisms in the root canals. The ideal irrigation should be chosen based on the specific needs of each case, considering the chemical properties of the irrigating solutions. PUI is an effective technique for activating irrigating solutions in root canals and may be more efficient in cleaning the canals than simultaneous ultrasonic instrumentation. PUI is particularly useful in curved canals, and a smooth wire can be as effective as a cutting K-file. The study also highlights the continuous evolution of dentistry and the need to invest in advanced technologies to enhance clinical outcomes. It is concluded that PUI is a promising technique that offers significant benefits for the success of endodontic treatments. Its ability to reach challenging areas and its effectiveness in disinfecting root canals emphasize the relevance of the technique in dental practice. It is expected that this knowledge will contribute to improving irrigation protocols and, consequently, the effectiveness of endodontic treatments., El propósito de este estudio fue resaltar las ventajas de la irrigación ultrasónica pasiva (PUI) en los tratamientos endodónticos, describiendo sus técnicas, ejecución y resultados efectivos. La investigación se basó en una revisión narrativa de la literatura, con búsquedas en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales utilizando palabras clave específicas. Los resultados demuestran que la elección de una solución irrigante adecuada es fundamental, ya que el fracaso del tratamiento endodóntico a menudo se relaciona con la supervivencia de microorganismos en los conductos radiculares. La irrigación ideal debe seleccionarse en función de las necesidades de cada caso específico, teniendo en cuenta las propiedades químicas de las soluciones de irrigación. La PUI es una técnica eficaz para activar soluciones de irrigación en los conductos radiculares y puede ser más eficiente en la limpieza de los conductos que la irrigación ultrasónica con instrumentación simultánea. La PUI es especialmente útil en conductos curvos, y un alambre liso puede ser tan eficaz como una lima K de corte. El estudio también destaca la evolución constante de la odontología y la necesidad de invertir en tecnologías avanzadas para mejorar los resultados clínicos. En conclusión, la PUI es una técnica prometedora que ofrece beneficios significativos para el éxito de los tratamientos endodónticos. Su capacidad para acceder a áreas de difícil acceso y su eficacia en la desinfección de los conductos radiculares resaltan la relevancia de esta técnica en la práctica odontológica. Se espera que este conocimiento contribuya a mejorar los protocolos de irrigación y, en consecuencia, la eficacia de los tratamientos endodónticos.

O objetivo desse estudo foi destacar as vantagens da irrigação ultrassônica passiva (PUI) em tratamentos endodônticos, descrevendo suas técnicas, execução e resultados efetivos. A pesquisa foi baseada em uma revisão narrativa de literatura, com busca em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, usando palavras-chave específicas. Os resultados demonstram que a escolha de uma solução irrigadora adequada é fundamental, uma vez que o insucesso do tratamento endodôntico geralmente está relacionado à sobrevivência de microrganismos nos canais radiculares. A irrigação ideal deve ser selecionada com base nas necessidades de cada caso específico, considerando propriedades químicas das soluções de irrigação. A PUI é uma técnica eficaz para ativar soluções de irrigação nos canais radiculares, pode ser mais eficiente na limpeza dos canais do que a irrigação ultrassônica com instrumentação simultânea. A PUI é especialmente útil em canais curvos, e um fio liso pode ser tão eficaz quanto uma lima K de corte. O estudo também destaca a evolução constante da odontologia e a necessidade de investir em tecnologias avançadas para aprimorar os resultados clínicos. Conclui-se que a PUI é uma técnica promissora que oferece benefícios significativos para o sucesso dos tratamentos endodônticos, sua capacidade de atingir áreas de difícil acesso e sua eficácia na desinfecção dos canais radiculares destacam a relevância da técnica na prática odontológica. Espera-se que esse conhecimento contribua para melhorar os protocolos de irrigação e, consequentemente, a eficácia dos tratamentos endodônticos., The objective of this study was to highlight the advantages of Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) in endodontic treatments, describing its techniques, execution, and effective outcomes. The research was based on a narrative literature review, with a search in national and international databases, using specific keywords. The results demonstrate that the selection of an appropriate irrigating solution is fundamental since the failure of endodontic treatment is often related to the survival of microorganisms in the root canals. The ideal irrigation should be chosen based on the specific needs of each case, considering the chemical properties of the irrigating solutions. PUI is an effective technique for activating irrigating solutions in root canals and may be more efficient in cleaning the canals than simultaneous ultrasonic instrumentation. PUI is particularly useful in curved canals, and a smooth wire can be as effective as a cutting K-file. The study also highlights the continuous evolution of dentistry and the need to invest in advanced technologies to enhance clinical outcomes. It is concluded that PUI is a promising technique that offers significant benefits for the success of endodontic treatments. Its ability to reach challenging areas and its effectiveness in disinfecting root canals emphasize the relevance of the technique in dental practice. It is expected that this knowledge will contribute to improving irrigation protocols and, consequently, the effectiveness of endodontic treatments., El propósito de este estudio fue resaltar las ventajas de la irrigación ultrasónica pasiva (PUI) en los tratamientos endodónticos, describiendo sus técnicas, ejecución y resultados efectivos. La investigación se basó en una revisión narrativa de la literatura, con búsquedas en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales utilizando palabras clave específicas. Los resultados demuestran que la elección de una solución irrigante adecuada es fundamental, ya que el fracaso del tratamiento endodóntico a menudo se relaciona con la supervivencia de microorganismos en los conductos radiculares. La irrigación ideal debe seleccionarse en función de las necesidades de cada caso específico, teniendo en cuenta las propiedades químicas de las soluciones de irrigación. La PUI es una técnica eficaz para activar soluciones de irrigación en los conductos radiculares y puede ser más eficiente en la limpieza de los conductos que la irrigación ultrasónica con instrumentación simultánea. La PUI es especialmente útil en conductos curvos, y un alambre liso puede ser tan eficaz como una lima K de corte. El estudio también destaca la evolución constante de la odontología y la necesidad de invertir en tecnologías avanzadas para mejorar los resultados clínicos. En conclusión, la PUI es una técnica prometedora que ofrece beneficios significativos para el éxito de los tratamientos endodónticos. Su capacidad para acceder a áreas de difícil acceso y su eficacia en la desinfección de los conductos radiculares resaltan la relevancia de esta técnica en la práctica odontológica. Se espera que este conocimiento contribuya a mejorar los protocolos de irrigación y, en consecuencia, la eficacia de los tratamientos endodónticos.

This case report shows the need for internal and external anatomical knowledge of the dental organs to be treated in Endodontics, knowledge that must always be updated since there are unusual cases that require greater performance by the specialist to treat the case successfully. An endodontic retreatment was performed using 25 mm Triple Flex Kerr USA pre series #8 instruments, 25 mm WaveOne Gold Glider Dentsplay Sirona and 25 mm WaveOne Gold Small and Primary Dentsplay Sirona, SX ProTaper Universal Dentsplay Sirona file and burs Gates Glidden #1 and #2 Dentsplay Sirona. The obturation was carried out in a three-dimensional way with Tagger's hybrid technique. By repeating the endodontic treatment, it is possible to identify the entrance to two root canals in a single root with subsequent instrumentation and filling. Not all teeth that require endodontics are the same, so the treatment must be personalized and thoroughly analyzed before being treated., Este reporte de caso muestra la necesidad del conocimiento anatómico interno y externo de los órganos dentales a ser tratados en Endodoncia, conocimiento que debe ser siempre actualizado, ya que existen casos fuera de lo común que exigen un mayor rendimiento por parte del especialista para tratar el caso exitosamente. Un retratamiento de endodoncia fue realizado utilizando instrumentos Triple Flex Kerr USA preserie n.º 8 de 25 mm, WaveOne Gold Glider Dentsplay Sirona de 25 mm y WaveOne Gold Small y Primary Dentsplay Sirona de 25 mm, Lima SX ProTaper Universal Dentsplay Sirona y fresas Gattes Glidden n.º 1 y n.º 2 Dentsplay Sirona. La obturación se realizó de manera tridimensional con técnica híbrida de Tagger. Al repetir el tratamiento de endodoncia, se logra identificar la entrada a dos conductos radiculares en usa sola raíz con la posterior instrumentación y obturación. No todos los dientes que requieren endodoncia son iguales, por ello el tratamiento debe ser personalizado y analizado a fondo antes de ser tratado.

The objective of this study was to compare conventional and digital radiographs to measure root canals. Fifty permanent single-canal teeth were employed. The roots were placed on the film or on the storage phosphor plate on their longest axes. And they were perpendicularly exposed to the x-ray beam in a distance of 30 cm with the exposure time of 0.08 s. The conventional radiographs were obtained using periapical film #2 (InSight, Kodak). They were measured with a millimeter ruler and with a digital calipter. The digital radiographs were obtained with DenOptix and Digora systems. Their images were measured with their programs tools. The real measures were obtained using K-files #20 (Dentisply- Maillefer). They were also measured using the ruler and the digital calipter. The canal length was measured from the cervical part to the apical foramina observed in the radiographs or to the anatomic apex by stereomicroscopy. Two observers made the measurements of the root canals twice (ICC= - 0.60 -0.99). DenOptix system presented the least average range in millimeters when compared to the gold standard (0.12 mm and 0.22mm). The conventional method (film) presented the largest average range (0.55mm) when measured with the ruler. The values obtained with Digora system were similar to the values obtained with the conventional method (t-Student and Friedman; p<0.05). The three radiographic methods showed differences statistically significant from the real measurements of the real canals.

The objective of this study was to compare conventional and digital radiographs to measure root canals. Fifty permanent single-canal teeth were employed. The roots were placed on the film or on the storage phosphor plate on their longest axes. And they were perpendicularly exposed to the x-ray beam in a distance of 30 cm with the exposure time of 0.08 s. The conventional radiographs were obtained using periapical film #2 (InSight, Kodak). They were measured with a millimeter ruler and with a digital calipter. The digital radiographs were obtained with DenOptix and Digora systems. Their images were measured with their programs tools. The real measures were obtained using K-files #20 (Dentisply- Maillefer). They were also measured using the ruler and the digital calipter. The canal length was measured from the cervical part to the apical foramina observed in the radiographs or to the anatomic apex by stereomicroscopy. Two observers made the measurements of the root canals twice (ICC= - 0.60 -0.99). DenOptix system presented the least average range in millimeters when compared to the gold standard (0.12 mm and 0.22mm). The conventional method (film) presented the largest average range (0.55mm) when measured with the ruler. The values obtained with Digora system were similar to the values obtained with the conventional method (t-Student and Friedman; p<0.05). The three radiographic methods showed differences statistically significant from the real measurements of the real canals.

The objective of this study was to compare conventional and digital radiographs to measure root canals. Fifty permanent single-canal teeth were employed. The roots were placed on the film or on the storage phosphor plate on their longest axes. And they were perpendicularly exposed to the x-ray beam in a distance of 30 cm with the exposure time of 0.08 s. The conventional radiographs were obtained using periapical film #2 (InSight, Kodak). They were measured with a millimeter ruler and with a digital calipter. The digital radiographs were obtained with DenOptix and Digora systems. Their images were measured with their programs tools. The real measures were obtained using K-files #20 (Dentisply- Maillefer). They were also measured using the ruler and the digital calipter. The canal length was measured from the cervical part to the apical foramina observed in the radiographs or to the anatomic apex by stereomicroscopy. Two observers made the measurements of the root canals twice (ICC= - 0.60 -0.99). DenOptix system presented the least average range in millimeters when compared to the gold standard (0.12 mm and 0.22mm). The conventional method (film) presented the largest average range (0.55mm) when measured with the ruler. The values obtained with Digora system were similar to the values obtained with the conventional method (t-Student and Friedman; p<0.05). The three radiographic methods showed differences statistically significant from the real measurements of the real canals.

In the present study, periapical radiographs were analyzed to investigate the number of canals of the buccal root of maxillary 1st premolars with longitudinal sulcus, and compare the number of apical foramina observed on the radiographs to that revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thirty-nine human maxillary 1st premolars had their crowns and palatal roots removed and the root canals (C) were explored with endodontic files until the tip of the instrument was visualized exiting the apical foramen/foramina (AF). Radiographs were taken with files inside the root canals and the specimens were classified as follows: 1C/1AF; 2C/2AF; 1C/2AF; 2C/1AF. Apices were examined under SEM and the number of apical foramina (considering those measuring >80 µm in diameter) was recorded. Only 17.1% (n=6) of the specimens had 1C/1AF; 77.2% (n=27) had 2AF in which 42.9% (n=15) had 2C and 34.3% (n=12) had 1C; 5.7% (n=2) had 2C/1AF. SEM examinations showed that 46.1% (n=18) of the specimens had 2AF; 23.1% (n=9) had 1AF; 23.1% (n=9) had 3AF; 7.7% (n=3) had 4AF. Radiographic and SEM findings for the number of AF coincided in 62.8% of the cases. A buccal longitudinal sulcus in the maxillary 1st premolar is usually accompanied by total bifurcation (42.9%) or apical bifurcation (34.3%) of the root canal. SEM identified a statistically higher number of apical foramina than radiographs (p<0.01).

In the present study, periapical radiographs were analyzed to investigate the number of canals of the buccal root of maxillary 1st premolars with longitudinal sulcus, and compare the number of apical foramina observed on the radiographs to that revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thirty-nine human maxillary 1st premolars had their crowns and palatal roots removed and the root canals (C) were explored with endodontic files until the tip of the instrument was visualized exiting the apical foramen/foramina (AF). Radiographs were taken with files inside the root canals and the specimens were classified as follows: 1C/1AF; 2C/2AF; 1C/2AF; 2C/1AF. Apices were examined under SEM and the number of apical foramina (considering those measuring >80 µm in diameter) was recorded. Only 17.1% (n=6) of the specimens had 1C/1AF; 77.2% (n=27) had 2AF in which 42.9% (n=15) had 2C and 34.3% (n=12) had 1C; 5.7% (n=2) had 2C/1AF. SEM examinations showed that 46.1% (n=18) of the specimens had 2AF; 23.1% (n=9) had 1AF; 23.1% (n=9) had 3AF; 7.7% (n=3) had 4AF. Radiographic and SEM findings for the number of AF coincided in 62.8% of the cases. A buccal longitudinal sulcus in the maxillary 1st premolar is usually accompanied by total bifurcation (42.9%) or apical bifurcation (34.3%) of the root canal. SEM identified a statistically higher number of apical foramina than radiographs (p<0.01).

In the present study, periapical radiographs were analyzed to investigate the number of canals of the buccal root of maxillary 1st premolars with longitudinal sulcus, and compare the number of apical foramina observed on the radiographs to that revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thirty-nine human maxillary 1st premolars had their crowns and palatal roots removed and the root canals (C) were explored with endodontic files until the tip of the instrument was visualized exiting the apical foramen/foramina (AF). Radiographs were taken with files inside the root canals and the specimens were classified as follows: 1C/1AF; 2C/2AF; 1C/2AF; 2C/1AF. Apices were examined under SEM and the number of apical foramina (considering those measuring >80 µm in diameter) was recorded. Only 17.1% (n=6) of the specimens had 1C/1AF; 77.2% (n=27) had 2AF in which 42.9% (n=15) had 2C and 34.3% (n=12) had 1C; 5.7% (n=2) had 2C/1AF. SEM examinations showed that 46.1% (n=18) of the specimens had 2AF; 23.1% (n=9) had 1AF; 23.1% (n=9) had 3AF; 7.7% (n=3) had 4AF. Radiographic and SEM findings for the number of AF coincided in 62.8% of the cases. A buccal longitudinal sulcus in the maxillary 1st premolar is usually accompanied by total bifurcation (42.9%) or apical bifurcation (34.3%) of the root canal. SEM identified a statistically higher number of apical foramina than radiographs (p<0.01).

One hundred randomly selected mandibular incisors were examined to assess the prevalence and location of two canals and to describe the canal anatomy that may be encountered during apical surgery. The roots were resected at 1, 2, and 3mm apical sections simulating a 20-degree beveled surgical resection. The sections were digitally imaged at X50 magnification and canal dimensions were measured using imaging software. The prevalence of two canals was 2% at 1mm, 0% at 2mm and 1% at 3mm. At these levels in the roots, the canal was rarely separated by hard tooth structure. An isthmus of tissue was present 20% of the time at 1mm, 30% at 2mm and 55% at 3mm. Four distinct canal types were noted: (1) round, (2) oval, (3) long oval and (4) ribbon. In 75% of the teeth, the canal shapes varied from one level to the next. The more coronally the root-end resection was made the more elongated the canal tended to become.