Author: "Ricciarini, S B" / Database: OAIster - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Ricciarini, S B"' showing total 244 results

Start Over Author "Ricciarini, S B" Database OAIster

244 results on '"Ricciarini, S B"'

1. Charge-Sign Dependent Cosmic-Ray Modulation Observed with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., de Nolfo, G. A., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Zober, W. V., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., de Nolfo, G. A., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., and Zober, W. V.
Abstract: We present the observation of a charge-sign dependent solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) with the CALorimetric Electron Telescope onboard the International Space Station over 6 yr, corresponding to the positive polarity of the solar magnetic field. The observed variation of proton count rate is consistent with the neutron monitor count rate, validating our methods for determining the proton count rate. It is observed by the CALorimetric Electron Telescope that both GCR electron and proton count rates at the same average rigidity vary in anticorrelation with the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet, while the amplitude of the variation is significantly larger in the electron count rate than in the proton count rate. We show that this observed charge-sign dependence is reproduced by a numerical ``drift model'' of the GCR transport in the heliosphere. This is a clear signature of the drift effect on the long-term solar modulation observed with a single detector., Comment: main text: 6 pages, 3 figures, supplemental material: 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Helium Spectrum from 40 GeV to 250 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., de Nolfo, G. A., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Zober, W. V., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., de Nolfo, G. A., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., and Zober, W. V.
Abstract: We present the results of a direct measurement of the cosmic-ray helium spectrum with the CALET instrument in operation on the International Space Station since 2015. The observation period covered by this analysis spans from October 13, 2015 to April 30, 2022 (2392 days). The very wide dynamic range of CALET allowed to collect helium data over a large energy interval, from ~40 GeV to ~250 TeV, for the first time with a single instrument in Low Earth Orbit. The measured spectrum shows evidence of a deviation of the flux from a single power-law by more than 8$\sigma$ with a progressive spectral hardening from a few hundred GeV to a few tens of TeV. This result is consistent with the data reported by space instruments including PAMELA, AMS-02, DAMPE and balloon instruments including CREAM. At higher energy we report the onset of a softening of the helium spectrum around 30 TeV (total kinetic energy). Though affected by large uncertainties in the highest energy bins, the observation of a flux reduction turns out to be consistent with the most recent results of DAMPE. A Double Broken Power Law (DBPL) is found to fit simultaneously both spectral features: the hardening (at lower energy) and the softening (at higher energy). A measurement of the proton to helium flux ratio in the energy range from 60 GeV/n to about 60 TeV/n is also presented, using the CALET proton flux recently updated with higher statistics.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Direct Measurement of the Spectral Structure of Cosmic-Ray Electrons+Positrons in the TeV Region with CALET on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., de Nolfo, G. A., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, 3 T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Zober, W. V., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., de Nolfo, G. A., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, 3 T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., and Zober, W. V.
Abstract: Detailed measurements of the spectral structure of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons from 10.6 GeV to 7.5 TeV are presented from over 7 years of observations with the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station. Because of the excellent energy resolution (a few percent above 10 GeV) and the outstanding e/p separation (10$^5$), CALET provides optimal performance for a detailed search of structures in the energy spectrum. The analysis uses data up to the end of 2022, and the statistics of observed electron candidates has increased more than 3 times since the last publication in 2018. By adopting an updated boosted decision tree analysis, a sufficient proton rejection power up to 7.5 TeV is achieved, with a residual proton contamination less than 10%. The observed energy spectrum becomes gradually harder in the lower energy region from around 30 GeV, consistently with AMS-02, but from 300 to 600 GeV it is considerably softer than the spectra measured by DAMPE and Fermi-LAT. At high energies, the spectrum presents a sharp break around 1 TeV, with a spectral index change from -3.15 to -3.91, and a broken power law fitting the data in the energy range from 30 GeV to 4.8 TeV better than a single power law with 6.9 sigma significance, which is compatible with the DAMPE results. The break is consistent with the expected effects of radiation loss during the propagation from distant sources (except the highest energy bin). We have fitted the spectrum with a model consistent with the positron flux measured by AMS-02 below 1 TeV and interpreted the electron + positron spectrum with possible contributions from pulsars and nearby sources. Above 4.8 TeV, a possible contribution from known nearby supernova remnants, including Vela, is addressed by an event-by-event analysis providing a higher proton-rejection power than a purely statistical analysis., Comment: main text: 7 pages, 4 figures; supplemental material: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Direct Measurement of the Nickel Spectrum in Cosmic Rays in the Energy Range from 8.8 GeV/n to 240 GeV/n with CALET on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ospina, N., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Zober, W. V., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ospina, N., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., and Zober, W. V.
Abstract: The relative abundance of cosmic ray nickel nuclei with respect to iron is by far larger than for all other trans-iron elements, therefore it provides a favorable opportunity for a low background measurement of its spectrum. Since nickel, as well as iron, is one of the most stable nuclei, the nickel energy spectrum and its relative abundance with respect to iron provide important information to estimate the abundances at the cosmic ray source and to model the Galactic propagation of heavy nuclei. However, only a few direct measurements of cosmic-ray nickel at energy larger than $ \sim$ 3 GeV/n are available at present in the literature and they are affected by strong limitations in both energy reach and statistics. In this paper we present a measurement of the differential energy spectrum of nickel in the energy range from 8.8 to 240 GeV/n, carried out with unprecedented precision by the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) in operation on the International Space Station since 2015. The CALET instrument can identify individual nuclear species via a measurement of their electric charge with a dynamic range extending far beyond iron (up to atomic number $ Z $ = 40). The particle's energy is measured by a homogeneous calorimeter (1.2 proton interaction lengths, 27 radiation lengths) preceded by a thin imaging section (3 radiation lengths) providing tracking and energy sampling. This paper follows our previous measurement of the iron spectrum [O. Adriani et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 241101 (2021).], and it extends our investigation on the energy dependence of the spectral index of heavy elements. It reports the analysis of nickel data collected from November 2015 to May 2021 and a detailed assessment of the systematic uncertainties. In the region from 20 to 240 GeV$ /n $ our present data are compatible within the errors with a single power law with spectral index $ -2.51 \pm 0.07 $., Comment: main text: 8 pages, 4 figures; supplemental material: 8 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2106.08036
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Helium fluxes measured by the PAMELA experiment from the minimum to the maximum solar activity for solar cycle 24

Author: Marcelli, N., Boezio, M., Lenni, A., Menn, W., Munini, R., Aslam, O. P. M., Bisschoff, D., Ngobeni, M. D., Potgieter, M. S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Merge, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Marcelli, N., Boezio, M., Lenni, A., Menn, W., Munini, R., Aslam, O. P. M., Bisschoff, D., Ngobeni, M. D., Potgieter, M. S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Merge, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Abstract: Time-dependent energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) carry fundamental information regarding their origin and propagation. When observed at the Earth, these spectra are significantly affected by the solar wind and the embedded solar magnetic field that permeates the heliosphere, changing significantly over an 11-year solar cycle. Energy spectra of GCRs measured during different epochs of solar activity provide crucial information for a thorough understanding of solar and heliospheric phenomena. The PAMELA experiment had collected data for almost ten years (15th June 2006 - 23rd January 2016), including the minimum phase of solar cycle 23 and the maximum phase of solar cycle 24. In this paper, we present new spectra for helium nuclei measured by the PAMELA instrument from January 2010 to September 2014 over a three Carrington rotation time basis. These data are compared to the PAMELA spectra measured during the previous solar minimum providing a picture of the time dependence of the helium nuclei fluxes over a nearly full solar cycle. Time and rigidity dependencies are observed in the proton-to-helium flux ratios. The force-field approximation of the solar modulation was used to relate these dependencies to the shapes of the local interstellar proton and helium-nuclei spectra., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Helium fluxes measured by the PAMELA experiment from the minimum to the maximum solar activity for solar cycle 24

Author: Marcelli, N. (N.), Boezio, M. (M.), Lenni, A. (A.), Menn, W. (W.), Munini, R. (R.), Aslam, O. P. (O. P. M.), Bisschoff, D. (D.), Ngobeni, M. D. (M. D.), Potgieter, M. S. (M. S.), Adriani, O. (O.), Barbarino, G. C. (G. C.), Bazilevskaya, G. A. (G. A.), Bellotti, R. (R.), Bogomolov, E. A. (E. A.), Bongi, M. (M.), Bonvicini, V. (V.), Bruno, A. (A.), Cafagna, F. (F.), Campana, D. (D.), Carlson, P. (P.), M. C. (M. Casolino), Castellini, G. (G.), De Santis, C. (C.), Galper, A. M. (A. M.), Koldashov, S. V. (S. V.), Koldobskiy, S. (S.), Kvashnin, A. N. (A. N.), Leonov, A. A. (A. A.), Malakhov, V. V. (V. V.), Marcelli, L. (L.), Martucci, M. (M.), Mayorov, A. G. (A. G.), Mergè, M. (M.), Mocchiutti, E. (E.), Monaco, A. (A.), Mori, N. (N.), Mikhailov, V. V. (V. V.), Osteria, G. (G.), Panico, B. (B.), Papini, P. (P.), Pearce, M. (M.), Picozza, P. (P.), Ricci, M. (M.), Ricciarini, S. B. (S. B.), Simon, M. (M.), Sotgiu, A. (A.), Sparvoli, R. (R.), Spillantini, P. (P.), Stozhkov, Y. I. (Y. I.), Vacchi, A. (A.), Vannuccini, E. (E.), Vasilyev, G. I. (G. I.), Voronov, S. A. (S. A.), Yurkin, Y. T. (Y. T.), Zampa, G. (G.), Zampa, N. (N.), Marcelli, N. (N.), Boezio, M. (M.), Lenni, A. (A.), Menn, W. (W.), Munini, R. (R.), Aslam, O. P. (O. P. M.), Bisschoff, D. (D.), Ngobeni, M. D. (M. D.), Potgieter, M. S. (M. S.), Adriani, O. (O.), Barbarino, G. C. (G. C.), Bazilevskaya, G. A. (G. A.), Bellotti, R. (R.), Bogomolov, E. A. (E. A.), Bongi, M. (M.), Bonvicini, V. (V.), Bruno, A. (A.), Cafagna, F. (F.), Campana, D. (D.), Carlson, P. (P.), M. C. (M. Casolino), Castellini, G. (G.), De Santis, C. (C.), Galper, A. M. (A. M.), Koldashov, S. V. (S. V.), Koldobskiy, S. (S.), Kvashnin, A. N. (A. N.), Leonov, A. A. (A. A.), Malakhov, V. V. (V. V.), Marcelli, L. (L.), Martucci, M. (M.), Mayorov, A. G. (A. G.), Mergè, M. (M.), Mocchiutti, E. (E.), Monaco, A. (A.), Mori, N. (N.), Mikhailov, V. V. (V. V.), Osteria, G. (G.), Panico, B. (B.), Papini, P. (P.), Pearce, M. (M.), Picozza, P. (P.), Ricci, M. (M.), Ricciarini, S. B. (S. B.), Simon, M. (M.), Sotgiu, A. (A.), Sparvoli, R. (R.), Spillantini, P. (P.), Stozhkov, Y. I. (Y. I.), Vacchi, A. (A.), Vannuccini, E. (E.), Vasilyev, G. I. (G. I.), Voronov, S. A. (S. A.), Yurkin, Y. T. (Y. T.), Zampa, G. (G.), and Zampa, N. (N.)
Abstract: Time-dependent energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) carry fundamental information regarding their origin and propagation. When observed at the Earth, these spectra are significantly affected by the solar wind and the embedded solar magnetic field that permeates the heliosphere, changing significantly over an 11 yr solar cycle. Energy spectra of GCRs measured during different epochs of solar activity provide crucial information for a thorough understanding of solar and heliospheric phenomena. The PAMELA experiment collected data for almost 10 years (2006 June 15–2016 January 23), including the minimum phase of solar cycle 23 and the maximum phase of solar cycle 24. In this paper, we present new spectra for helium nuclei measured by the PAMELA instrument from 2010 January to 2014 September over a three-Carrington-rotation time basis. These data are compared to the PAMELA spectra measured during the previous solar minimum, providing a picture of the time dependence of the helium-nuclei fluxes over a nearly full solar cycle. Time and rigidity dependencies are observed in the proton-to-helium flux ratios. The force-field approximation of the solar modulation was used to relate these dependencies to the shapes of the local interstellar proton and helium-nuclei spectra.
Published: 2022

7. Cosmic-ray Boron Flux Measured from 8.4 GeV$/n$ to 3.8 TeV$/n$ with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., de Nolfo, G. A., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Zober, W. V., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., de Nolfo, G. A., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., and Zober, W. V.
Abstract: We present the measurement of the energy dependence of the boron flux in cosmic rays and its ratio to the carbon flux \textcolor{black}{in an energy interval from 8.4 GeV$/n$ to 3.8 TeV$/n$} based on the data collected by the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) during $\sim 6.4$ years of operation on the International Space Station. An update of the energy spectrum of carbon is also presented with an increase in statistics over our previous measurement. The observed boron flux shows a spectral hardening at the same transition energy $E_0 \sim 200$ GeV$/n$ of the C spectrum, though B and C fluxes have different energy dependences. The spectral index of the B spectrum is found to be $\gamma = -3.047\pm0.024$ in the interval $25 < E < 200$ GeV$/n$. The B spectrum hardens by $\Delta \gamma_B=0.25\pm0.12$, while the best fit value for the spectral variation of C is $\Delta \gamma_C=0.19\pm0.03$. The B/C flux ratio is compatible with a hardening of $0.09\pm0.05$, though a single power-law energy dependence cannot be ruled out given the current statistical uncertainties. A break in the B/C ratio energy dependence would support the recent AMS-02 observations that secondary cosmic rays exhibit a stronger hardening than primary ones. We also perform a fit to the B/C ratio with a leaky-box model of the cosmic-ray propagation in the Galaxy in order to probe a possible residual value $\lambda_0$ of the mean escape path length $\lambda$ at high energy. We find that our B/C data are compatible with a non-zero value of $\lambda_0$, which can be interpreted as the column density of matter that cosmic rays cross within the acceleration region., Comment: main text: 7 pages, 3 figures; supplemental material: 13 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Observation of Spectral Structures in the Flux of Cosmic-Ray Protons from 50 GeV to 60 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Zober, W. V., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., and Zober, W. V.
Abstract: A precise measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is presented in the energy interval from 50 GeV to 60 TeV, and the observation of a softening of the spectrum above 10 TeV is reported. The analysis is based on the data collected during $\sim$6.2 years of smooth operations aboard the International Space Station and covers a broader energy range with respect to the previous proton flux measurement by CALET, with an increase of the available statistics by a factor of $\sim$2.2. Above a few hundred GeV we confirm our previous observation of a progressive spectral hardening with a higher significance (more than 20 sigma). In the multi-TeV region we observe a second spectral feature with a softening around 10 TeV and a spectral index change from =2.6 to -2.9 consistently, within the errors, with the shape of the spectrum reported by DAMPE. We apply a simultaneous fit of the proton differential spectrum which well reproduces the gradual change of the spectral index encompassing the lower energy power-law regime and the two spectral features observed at higher energies., Comment: main text: 8 pages, 5 figures, supplemental material: 9 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, marked as a PRL Editor's Suggestion
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. CALET Search for electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves during the LIGO/Virgo O3 run

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ospina, N., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Zober, W. V., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ospina, N., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., and Zober, W. V.
Abstract: The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station (ISS) consists of a high-energy cosmic ray CALorimeter (CAL) and a lower-energy CALET Gamma ray Burst Monitor (CGBM). CAL is sensitive to electrons up to 20 TeV, cosmic ray nuclei from Z = 1 through Z $\sim$ 40, and gamma rays over the range 1 GeV - 10 TeV. CGBM observes gamma rays from 7 keV to 20 MeV. The combined CAL-CGBM instrument has conducted a search for gamma ray bursts (GRBs) since Oct. 2015. We report here on the results of a search for X-ray/gamma ray counterparts to gravitational wave events reported during the LIGO/Virgo observing run O3. No events have been detected that pass all acceptance criteria. We describe the components, performance, and triggering algorithms of the CGBM - the two Hard X-ray Monitors (HXM) consisting of LaBr$_{3}$(Ce) scintillators sensitive to 7 keV to 1 MeV gamma rays and a Soft Gamma ray Monitor (SGM) BGO scintillator sensitive to 40 keV to 20 MeV - and the high-energy CAL consisting of a CHarge-Detection module (CHD), IMaging Calorimeter (IMC), and fully active Total Absorption Calorimeter (TASC). The analysis procedure is described and upper limits to the time-averaged fluxes are presented., Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Direct Measurement of the Nickel Spectrum in Cosmic Rays in the Energy Range from 8.8 GeV/n to 240 GeV/n with CALET on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ospina, N., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Zober, W. V., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Ficklin, A. W., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ospina, N., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., and Zober, W. V.
Abstract: The relative abundance of cosmic ray nickel nuclei with respect to iron is by far larger than for all other trans-iron elements, therefore it provides a favorable opportunity for a low background measurement of its spectrum. Since nickel, as well as iron, is one of the most stable nuclei, the nickel energy spectrum and its relative abundance with respect to iron provide important information to estimate the abundances at the cosmic ray source and to model the Galactic propagation of heavy nuclei. However, only a few direct measurements of cosmic-ray nickel at energy larger than $ \sim$ 3 GeV/n are available at present in the literature and they are affected by strong limitations in both energy reach and statistics. In this paper we present a measurement of the differential energy spectrum of nickel in the energy range from 8.8 to 240 GeV/n, carried out with unprecedented precision by the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) in operation on the International Space Station since 2015. The CALET instrument can identify individual nuclear species via a measurement of their electric charge with a dynamic range extending far beyond iron (up to atomic number $ Z $ = 40). The particle's energy is measured by a homogeneous calorimeter (1.2 proton interaction lengths, 27 radiation lengths) preceded by a thin imaging section (3 radiation lengths) providing tracking and energy sampling. This paper follows our previous measurement of the iron spectrum [O. Adriani et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 241101 (2021).], and it extends our investigation on the energy dependence of the spectral index of heavy elements. It reports the analysis of nickel data collected from November 2015 to May 2021 and a detailed assessment of the systematic uncertainties. In the region from 20 to 240 GeV$ /n $ our present data are compatible within the errors with a single power law with spectral index $ -2.51 \pm 0.07 $., Comment: main text: 8 pages, 4 figures; supplemental material: 8 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2106.08036
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Helium fluxes measured by the PAMELA experiment from the minimum to the maximum solar activity for solar cycle 24

Author: Marcelli, N., Boezio, M., Lenni, A., Menn, W., Munini, R., Aslam, O. P. M., Bisschoff, D., Ngobeni, M. D., Potgieter, M. S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Merge, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Marcelli, N., Boezio, M., Lenni, A., Menn, W., Munini, R., Aslam, O. P. M., Bisschoff, D., Ngobeni, M. D., Potgieter, M. S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Merge, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Abstract: Time-dependent energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) carry fundamental information regarding their origin and propagation. When observed at the Earth, these spectra are significantly affected by the solar wind and the embedded solar magnetic field that permeates the heliosphere, changing significantly over an 11-year solar cycle. Energy spectra of GCRs measured during different epochs of solar activity provide crucial information for a thorough understanding of solar and heliospheric phenomena. The PAMELA experiment had collected data for almost ten years (15th June 2006 - 23rd January 2016), including the minimum phase of solar cycle 23 and the maximum phase of solar cycle 24. In this paper, we present new spectra for helium nuclei measured by the PAMELA instrument from January 2010 to September 2014 over a three Carrington rotation time basis. These data are compared to the PAMELA spectra measured during the previous solar minimum providing a picture of the time dependence of the helium nuclei fluxes over a nearly full solar cycle. Time and rigidity dependencies are observed in the proton-to-helium flux ratios. The force-field approximation of the solar modulation was used to relate these dependencies to the shapes of the local interstellar proton and helium-nuclei spectra., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Solar-Cycle Variations of South-Atlantic Anomaly Proton Intensities Measured With The PAMELA Mission

Author: Bruno, A., Martucci, M., Cafagna, F. S., Sparvoli, R., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Lenni, A., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Marcelli, N., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merge', M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zharaspayev, T. R., Bruno, A., Martucci, M., Cafagna, F. S., Sparvoli, R., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Lenni, A., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Marcelli, N., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merge', M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., and Zharaspayev, T. R.
Abstract: We present a study of the solar-cycle variations of >80 MeV proton flux intensities in the lower edge of the inner radiation belt, based on the measurements of the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) mission. The analyzed data sample covers an ~8 year interval from 2006 July to 2014 September, thus spanning from the decaying phase of the 23rd solar cycle to the maximum of the 24th cycle. We explored the intensity temporal variations as a function of drift shell and proton energy, also providing an explicit investigation of the solar-modulation effects at different equatorial pitch angles. PAMELA observations offer new important constraints for the modeling of low-altitude particle radiation environment at the highest trapping energies., Comment: accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Measurement of the Iron Spectrum in Cosmic Rays from 10 GeV$/n$ to 2.0 TeV$/n$ with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Link, J., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ospina, N., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Link, J., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ospina, N., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., and Yoshida, K.
Abstract: The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), in operation on the International Space Station since 2015, collected a large sample of cosmic-ray iron over a wide energy interval. In this Letter a measurement of the iron spectrum is presented in the range of kinetic energy per nucleon from 10 GeV$/n$ to 2.0 TeV$/n$ allowing the inclusion of iron in the list of elements studied with unprecedented precision by space-borne instruments. The measurement is based on observations carried out from January 2016 to May 2020. The CALET instrument can identify individual nuclear species via a measurement of their electric charge with a dynamic range extending far beyond iron (up to atomic number $Z$ = 40). The energy is measured by a homogeneous calorimeter with a total equivalent thickness of 1.2 proton interaction lengths preceded by a thin (3 radiation lengths) imaging section providing tracking and energy sampling. The analysis of the data and the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties are described and results are compared with the findings of previous experiments. The observed differential spectrum is consistent within the errors with previous experiments. In the region from 50 GeV$/n$ to 2 TeV$/n$ our present data are compatible with a single power law with spectral index -2.60 $\pm$ 0.03., Comment: main text: 7 pages, 4 figures; supplemental material: 10 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2012.10319
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Solar-cycle variations of South Atlantic anomaly proton intensities measured with the PAMELA mission

Author: Bruno, A. (A.), Martucci, M. (M.), Cafagna, F. S. (F. S.), Sparvoli, R. (R.), Adriani, O. (O.), Barbarino, G. C. (G. C.), Bazilevskaya, G. A. (G. A.), Bellotti, R. (R.), Boezio, M. (M.), Bogomolov, E. A. (E. A.), Bongi, M. (M.), Bonvicini, V. (V), Campana, D. (D.), Carlson, P. (P.), Casolino, M. (M.), Castellini, G. (G.), De Santis, C. (C.), Galper, A. M. (A. M.), Koldashov, S. V. (S., V), Koldobskiy, S. (S.), Kvashnin, A. N. (A. N.), Lenni, A. (A.), Leonov, A. A. (A. A.), Malakhov, V. V. (V. V.), Marcelli, L. (L.), Marcelli, N. (N.), Mayorov, A. G. (A. G.), Menn, W. (W.), Merge, M. (M.), Mocchiutti, E. (E.), Monaco, A. (A.), Mori, N. (N.), Mikhailov, V. V. (V. V.), Munini, R. (R.), Osteria, G. (G.), Panico, B. (B.), Papini, P. (P.), Pearce, M. (M.), Picozza, P. (P.), Ricci, M. (M.), Ricciarini, S. B. (S. B.), Simon, M. (M.), Sotgiu, A. (A.), Spillantini, P. (P.), Stozhkov, Y. I. (Y., I), Vacchi, A. (A.), Vannuccini, E. (E.), Vasilyev, G. I. (G., I), Voronov, S. A. (S. A.), Yurkin, Y. T. (Y. T.), Zampa, G. (G.), Zampa, N. (N.), Zharaspayev, T. R. (T. R.), Bruno, A. (A.), Martucci, M. (M.), Cafagna, F. S. (F. S.), Sparvoli, R. (R.), Adriani, O. (O.), Barbarino, G. C. (G. C.), Bazilevskaya, G. A. (G. A.), Bellotti, R. (R.), Boezio, M. (M.), Bogomolov, E. A. (E. A.), Bongi, M. (M.), Bonvicini, V. (V), Campana, D. (D.), Carlson, P. (P.), Casolino, M. (M.), Castellini, G. (G.), De Santis, C. (C.), Galper, A. M. (A. M.), Koldashov, S. V. (S., V), Koldobskiy, S. (S.), Kvashnin, A. N. (A. N.), Lenni, A. (A.), Leonov, A. A. (A. A.), Malakhov, V. V. (V. V.), Marcelli, L. (L.), Marcelli, N. (N.), Mayorov, A. G. (A. G.), Menn, W. (W.), Merge, M. (M.), Mocchiutti, E. (E.), Monaco, A. (A.), Mori, N. (N.), Mikhailov, V. V. (V. V.), Munini, R. (R.), Osteria, G. (G.), Panico, B. (B.), Papini, P. (P.), Pearce, M. (M.), Picozza, P. (P.), Ricci, M. (M.), Ricciarini, S. B. (S. B.), Simon, M. (M.), Sotgiu, A. (A.), Spillantini, P. (P.), Stozhkov, Y. I. (Y., I), Vacchi, A. (A.), Vannuccini, E. (E.), Vasilyev, G. I. (G., I), Voronov, S. A. (S. A.), Yurkin, Y. T. (Y. T.), Zampa, G. (G.), Zampa, N. (N.), and Zharaspayev, T. R. (T. R.)
Abstract: We present a study of the solar-cycle variations of >80 MeV proton flux intensities in the lower edge of the inner radiation belt, based on the measurements of the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) mission. The analyzed data sample covers an similar to 8 yr interval from 2006 July to 2014 September, thus spanning from the decaying phase of the 23rd solar cycle to the maximum of the 24th cycle. We explored the intensity temporal variations as a function of drift shell and proton energy, also providing an explicit investigation of the solar modulation effects at different equatorial pitch angles. PAMELA observations offer new important constraints for the modeling of low-altitude particle radiation environment at the highest trapping energies.
Published: 2021

15. Solar-Cycle Variations of South-Atlantic Anomaly Proton Intensities Measured With The PAMELA Mission

Author: Bruno, A., Martucci, M., Cafagna, F. S., Sparvoli, R., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Lenni, A., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Marcelli, N., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merge', M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Zharaspayev, T. R., Bruno, A., Martucci, M., Cafagna, F. S., Sparvoli, R., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Lenni, A., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Marcelli, N., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merge', M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., and Zharaspayev, T. R.
Abstract: We present a study of the solar-cycle variations of >80 MeV proton flux intensities in the lower edge of the inner radiation belt, based on the measurements of the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) mission. The analyzed data sample covers an ~8 year interval from 2006 July to 2014 September, thus spanning from the decaying phase of the 23rd solar cycle to the maximum of the 24th cycle. We explored the intensity temporal variations as a function of drift shell and proton energy, also providing an explicit investigation of the solar-modulation effects at different equatorial pitch angles. PAMELA observations offer new important constraints for the modeling of low-altitude particle radiation environment at the highest trapping energies., Comment: accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Measurement of the Iron Spectrum in Cosmic Rays from 10 GeV$/n$ to 2.0 TeV$/n$ with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Link, J., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ospina, N., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Link, J., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ospina, N., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., and Yoshida, K.
Abstract: The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), in operation on the International Space Station since 2015, collected a large sample of cosmic-ray iron over a wide energy interval. In this Letter a measurement of the iron spectrum is presented in the range of kinetic energy per nucleon from 10 GeV$/n$ to 2.0 TeV$/n$ allowing the inclusion of iron in the list of elements studied with unprecedented precision by space-borne instruments. The measurement is based on observations carried out from January 2016 to May 2020. The CALET instrument can identify individual nuclear species via a measurement of their electric charge with a dynamic range extending far beyond iron (up to atomic number $Z$ = 40). The energy is measured by a homogeneous calorimeter with a total equivalent thickness of 1.2 proton interaction lengths preceded by a thin (3 radiation lengths) imaging section providing tracking and energy sampling. The analysis of the data and the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties are described and results are compared with the findings of previous experiments. The observed differential spectrum is consistent within the errors with previous experiments. In the region from 50 GeV$/n$ to 2 TeV$/n$ our present data are compatible with a single power law with spectral index -2.60 $\pm$ 0.03., Comment: main text: 7 pages, 4 figures; supplemental material: 10 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2012.10319
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Time dependence of the flux of helium nuclei in cosmic rays measured by the PAMELA experiment between July 2006 and December 2009

Author: Marcelli, N., Boezio, M., Lenni, A., Menn, W., Munini, R., Aslam, O. P. M., Bisschoff, D., Ngobeni, M. D., Potgieter, M. S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Mergè, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Marcelli, N., Boezio, M., Lenni, A., Menn, W., Munini, R., Aslam, O. P. M., Bisschoff, D., Ngobeni, M. D., Potgieter, M. S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Mergè, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Abstract: Precise time-dependent measurements of the Z = 2 component in the cosmic radiation provide crucial information about the propagation of charged particles through the heliosphere. The PAMELA experiment, with its long flight duration (15th June 2006 - 23rd January 2016) and the low energy threshold (80 MeV/n) is an ideal detector for cosmic ray solar modulation studies. In this paper, the helium nuclei spectra measured by the PAMELA instrument from July 2006 to December 2009 over a Carrington rotation time basis are presented. A state-of-the-art three-dimensional model for cosmic-ray propagation inside the heliosphere was used to interpret the time-dependent measured fluxes. Proton-to-helium flux ratio time profiles at various rigidities are also presented in order to study any features which could result from the different masses and local interstellar spectra shapes.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Time dependence of the proton and helium flux measured by PAMELA

Author: Panico, B., Campana, D., Osteria, G., Barbarino, G. C., Adriani, O., Bongi, M., Spillantini, P., Mori, N., Papini, P., Vannuccini, E., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Kvashnin, A. N., Stozhkov, Y. I., Bellotti, R., Monaco, A., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Boezio, M., Bonvicini, V., Mocchiutti, E., Munini, R., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Vacchi, A., Bogomolov, E. A., Krutkov, S. Y., Vasilyev, G. I., Carlson, Per, Pearce, Mark, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Marcelli, L., Mergé, M., Picozza, P., Sparvoli, R., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Yurkin, Y. T., Malakhov, V., Leonov, A., Mayorov, A. G., Mikhailov, V. V., Voronov, S. A., Martucci, M., Menn, W., Simon, M., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Panico, B., Campana, D., Osteria, G., Barbarino, G. C., Adriani, O., Bongi, M., Spillantini, P., Mori, N., Papini, P., Vannuccini, E., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Kvashnin, A. N., Stozhkov, Y. I., Bellotti, R., Monaco, A., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Boezio, M., Bonvicini, V., Mocchiutti, E., Munini, R., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Vacchi, A., Bogomolov, E. A., Krutkov, S. Y., Vasilyev, G. I., Carlson, Per, Pearce, Mark, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Marcelli, L., Mergé, M., Picozza, P., Sparvoli, R., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Yurkin, Y. T., Malakhov, V., Leonov, A., Mayorov, A. G., Mikhailov, V. V., Voronov, S. A., Martucci, M., Menn, W., Simon, M., Ricci, M., and Ricciarini, S. B.
Abstract: The energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays carry fundamental information regarding their origin and propagation, but, near Earth, cosmic rays are significantly affected by the solar magnetic field which changes over time. The time dependence of proton and electron spectra were measured from July 2006 to December 2009 by PAMELA experiment, that is a ballooon-borne experiment collecting data since 15 June 2006. These studies allowed to obtain a more complete description of the cosmic radiation, providing fundamental information about the transport and modulation of cosmic rays inside the heliosphere. The study of the time dependence of the cosmic-ray protons and helium nuclei from the unusual 23rd solar minimum through the following period of solar maximum activity is presented., QC 20210907
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Cosmic Rays Investigation by the PAMELA experiment

Author: Panico, B., Campana, D., Osteria, G., Barbarino, G. C., Adriani, O., Bongi, M., Spillantini, P., Mori, N., Papini, P., Vannuccini, E., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Kvashnin, A. N., Stozhkov, Y. I., Bellotti, R., Monaco, A., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Boezio, M., Bonvicini, V., Mocchiutti, E., Munini, R., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Vacchi, A., Bogomolov, E. A., Krutkov, S. Y., Vasilyev, G. I., Carlson, Per, Pearce, Mark, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Marcelli, L., Mergé, M., Picozza, P., Sparvoli, R., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Yurkin, Y. T., Malakhov, V., Leonov, A., Mayorov, A. G., Mikhailov, V. V., Voronov, S. A., Martucci, M., Menn, W., Simon, M., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Panico, B., Campana, D., Osteria, G., Barbarino, G. C., Adriani, O., Bongi, M., Spillantini, P., Mori, N., Papini, P., Vannuccini, E., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Kvashnin, A. N., Stozhkov, Y. I., Bellotti, R., Monaco, A., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Boezio, M., Bonvicini, V., Mocchiutti, E., Munini, R., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Vacchi, A., Bogomolov, E. A., Krutkov, S. Y., Vasilyev, G. I., Carlson, Per, Pearce, Mark, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Marcelli, L., Mergé, M., Picozza, P., Sparvoli, R., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Yurkin, Y. T., Malakhov, V., Leonov, A., Mayorov, A. G., Mikhailov, V. V., Voronov, S. A., Martucci, M., Menn, W., Simon, M., Ricci, M., and Ricciarini, S. B.
Abstract: PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) is a satellite-borne experiment. It was launched on June 15th 2006 from the Baikonur space centre on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite. For about 10 years PAMELA took data, giving a fundamental contribution to the cosmic ray physics. It made high-precision measurements of the charged component of the cosmic radiation challenging the standard model of the mechanisms of production, acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays in the galaxy and in the heliosphere. PAMELA gave results on different topics on a very wide range of energy. Moreover, the long PAMELA life gives the possibility to study the variation of the proton, electron and positron spectra during the last solar minimum. The time dependence of the cosmic-ray proton and helium nuclei from the solar minimum through the following period of solar maximum activity is currently being studied. Low energy particle spectra were accurately measured also for various solar events that occurred during the PAMELA mission. In this paper a review of main PAMELA results will be reported., QC 20210909
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Carbon and Oxygen Spectra from 10 GeV$/n$ to 2.2 TeV$/n$ with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Link, J., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ospina, N., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Gonzi, S., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kobayashi, K., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Link, J., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ospina, N., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., and Yoshida, K.
Abstract: In this paper, we present the measurement of the energy spectra of carbon and oxygen in cosmic rays based on observations with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station from October 2015 to October 2019. Analysis, including the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties, and results are reported. The energy spectra are measured in kinetic energy per nucleon from 10 GeV$/n$ to 2.2 TeV$/n$ with an all-calorimetric instrument with a total thickness corresponding to 1.3 nuclear interaction length. The observed carbon and oxygen fluxes show a spectral index change of $\sim$0.15 around 200 GeV$/n$ established with a significance $>3\sigma$. They have the same energy dependence with a constant C/O flux ratio $0.911\pm 0.006$ above 25 GeV$/n$. The spectral hardening is consistent with that measured by AMS-02, but the absolute normalization of the flux is about 27% lower, though in agreement with observations from previous experiments including the PAMELA spectrometer and the calorimetric balloon-borne experiment CREAM., Comment: main text: 7 pages, 3 figures; supplemental material: 20 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Time dependence of the flux of helium nuclei in cosmic rays measured by the PAMELA experiment between July 2006 and December 2009

Author: Marcelli, N., Boezio, M., Lenni, A., Menn, W., Munini, R., Aslam, O. P. M., Bisschoff, D., Ngobeni, M. D., Potgieter, M. S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Mergè, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Marcelli, N., Boezio, M., Lenni, A., Menn, W., Munini, R., Aslam, O. P. M., Bisschoff, D., Ngobeni, M. D., Potgieter, M. S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Mergè, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Abstract: Precise time-dependent measurements of the Z = 2 component in the cosmic radiation provide crucial information about the propagation of charged particles through the heliosphere. The PAMELA experiment, with its long flight duration (15th June 2006 - 23rd January 2016) and the low energy threshold (80 MeV/n) is an ideal detector for cosmic ray solar modulation studies. In this paper, the helium nuclei spectra measured by the PAMELA instrument from July 2006 to December 2009 over a Carrington rotation time basis are presented. A state-of-the-art three-dimensional model for cosmic-ray propagation inside the heliosphere was used to interpret the time-dependent measured fluxes. Proton-to-helium flux ratio time profiles at various rigidities are also presented in order to study any features which could result from the different masses and local interstellar spectra shapes.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Cosmic ray electron and positron spectrum with the PAMELA experiment

Author: Mikhailov, V V, Adriani, O, Barbarino, G, Bazilevskaya, G A, Bellotti, R, Boezio, M, Bogomolov, E A, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bruno, A, Cafagna, F S, Campana, D, Carlson, P, Casolino, M, Castellini, G, de Santis, C, Di Felice, V, Galper, A M, Karelin, A V, Koldashov, S V, Koldobsky, S A, Kvashnin, A A, Kvashnin, A N, Leonov, A A, Malakhov, V V, Marcelli, L, Martucci, M, Mayorov, A G, Menn, W, Merge, M, Mocchiutti, E, Monaco, A, Mori, N, Munini, R, Osteria, G, Papini, P, Panico, B, Pearce, Mark, Picozza, P, Ricci, M, Ricciarini, S B, Simon, M, Sparvoli, R, Spillantini, P, Stozhkov, Yu.I., Vacchi, A, Vannuccini, E, Vasiliev, G I, Voronov, S A, Yurkin, Yu.T., Zampa, G, Zampa, N, Mikhailov, V V, Adriani, O, Barbarino, G, Bazilevskaya, G A, Bellotti, R, Boezio, M, Bogomolov, E A, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bruno, A, Cafagna, F S, Campana, D, Carlson, P, Casolino, M, Castellini, G, de Santis, C, Di Felice, V, Galper, A M, Karelin, A V, Koldashov, S V, Koldobsky, S A, Kvashnin, A A, Kvashnin, A N, Leonov, A A, Malakhov, V V, Marcelli, L, Martucci, M, Mayorov, A G, Menn, W, Merge, M, Mocchiutti, E, Monaco, A, Mori, N, Munini, R, Osteria, G, Papini, P, Panico, B, Pearce, Mark, Picozza, P, Ricci, M, Ricciarini, S B, Simon, M, Sparvoli, R, Spillantini, P, Stozhkov, Yu.I., Vacchi, A, Vannuccini, E, Vasiliev, G I, Voronov, S A, Yurkin, Yu.T., Zampa, G, and Zampa, N
Abstract: The PAMELA magnetic spectrometer, located on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on Earth polar orbit with altitude of 350-600 km, measured the fluxes of cosmic ray particles and antiparticles in a wide energy range from 50 MeV to several TeVs. In this paper new results on the "all-electron" (sum electrons and positrons) spectrum are presented. New improved analysis on the full data set from 2006 to 2016 allows a significant increase in statistic compared to previously published results and an extension of energy interval up to 1 TeV., Duplicate record in Scopus 2-s2.0-85127523139QC 20201210
Published: 2019

23. Cosmic ray electrons and positrons over decade with the PAMELA experiment

Author: Mikhailov, V. V., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F. S., Campana, D., Carlson, Per, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Kleymenova, S. O., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorova, A. G., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Papini, P., Panico, B., Pearce, Mark, Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasiliev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F. S., Campana, D., Carlson, Per, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Kleymenova, S. O., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorova, A. G., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Papini, P., Panico, B., Pearce, Mark, Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasiliev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Abstract: The PAMELA experiment has measured cosmic ray particles and antiparticles fluxes at Earth orbit from June 2006 till January 2016 onboard the Resurs-DK1 satellite. Measurements were carried out during the solar minimum of 23 solar cycle with negative polarity A < 0 of heliospheric magnetic field till the beginning of 24 cycle with positive polarity A > 0. In this paper, the results of observations of electron and positron fluxes are presented in wide energy range from several hundreds MeVs till several TeVs These measurements provide important information to study cosmic ray sources and propagation in Galaxy and heliosphere., QC 20200513
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Galactic Cosmic Ray Electrons and Positrons over a Decade of Observations in the PAMELA Experiment

Author: Mikhailov, V. V., Adriani, O., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Barbarino, G. C., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Boezio, M., Bonvicini, V., Bongi, M., Bruno, A., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Galper, A. M., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Casolino, M., Campana, D., Karelin, A. V., Carlson, Per, Castellini, G., Cafagna, F., Kvashnin, A. A., Kvashnin, A. N., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S. A., Krutkov, S. Y., Leonov, A. A., Mayorov, A. G., Malakhov, V. V., Martucci, M., Marcelli, L., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Picozza, P., Pearce, Mark, Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Runtso, M. F., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Yurkin, Y. T., Mikhailov, V. V., Adriani, O., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Barbarino, G. C., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Boezio, M., Bonvicini, V., Bongi, M., Bruno, A., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Galper, A. M., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Casolino, M., Campana, D., Karelin, A. V., Carlson, Per, Castellini, G., Cafagna, F., Kvashnin, A. A., Kvashnin, A. N., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S. A., Krutkov, S. Y., Leonov, A. A., Mayorov, A. G., Malakhov, V. V., Martucci, M., Marcelli, L., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Picozza, P., Pearce, Mark, Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Runtso, M. F., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., and Yurkin, Y. T.
Abstract: The PAMELA magnetic spectrometer was launched onboard the Resurs-DK1 satellite into a near-polar Earth orbit with an altitude of 350–600 km, in order to study fluxes of cosmic ray particles and antiparticles in the wide energy range of ~80 MeV to hundreds of GeV. The results from observations of electron and positron fluxes in 2006–2016 are presented., QC 20200427
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Proton Spectrum from 50 GeV to 10 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., and Yoshida, K.
Abstract: In this paper, we present the analysis and results of a direct measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum with the CALET instrument onboard the International Space Station, including the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties. The observation period used in this analysis is from October 13, 2015 to August 31, 2018 (1054 days). We have achieved the very wide energy range necessary to carry out measurements of the spectrum from 50 GeV to 10 TeV covering, for the first time in space, with a single instrument the whole energy interval previously investigated in most cases in separate subranges by magnetic spectrometers (BESS-TeV, PAMELA, and AMS-02) and calorimetric instruments (ATIC, CREAM, and NUCLEON). The observed spectrum is consistent with AMS-02 but extends to nearly an order of magnitude higher energy, showing a very smooth transition of the power-law spectral index from -2.81 +- 0.03 (50--500 GeV) neglecting solar modulation effects (or -2.87 +- 0.06 including solar modulation effects in the lower energy region) to -2.56 +- 0.04 (1--10 TeV), thereby confirming the existence of spectral hardening and providing evidence of a deviation from a single power law by more than 3 sigma., Comment: main text: 8 pages, 5 figures, supplemental material: 12 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, marked as a PRL Editor's Suggestion
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station: Results from the First Two Years On Orbit

Author: Asaoka, Y., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Bruno, A., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Felice, V. Di., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., Nolfo, G. A. De., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Pal'shin, V., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Asaoka, Y., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Bruno, A., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Felice, V. Di., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., Nolfo, G. A. De., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Pal'shin, V., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., and Yoshida, K.
Abstract: The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a high-energy astroparticle physics space experiment installed on the International Space Station (ISS), developed and operated by Japan in collaboration with Italy and the United States. The CALET mission goals include the investigation of possible nearby sources of high-energy electrons, of the details of galactic particle acceleration and propagation, and of potential signatures of dark matter. CALET measures the cosmic-ray electron + positron flux up to 20 TeV, gamma-rays up to 10 TeV, and nuclei with Z=1 to 40 up to 1,000 TeV for the more abundant elements during a long-term observation aboard the ISS. Starting science operation in mid-October 2015, CALET performed continuous observation without major interruption with close to 20 million triggered events over 10 GeV per month. Based on the data taken during the first two-years, we present an overview of CALET observations: uses w/o major interruption 1) Electron + positron energy spectrum, 2) Nuclei analysis, 3) Gamma-ray observation including a characterization of on-orbit performance. Results of the electromagnetic counterpart search for LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave events are discussed as well., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, a contribution to the proceedings of 26th Extended European Cosmic Ray Symposium, 6-10 July 2018, Russia, which summarizes our recent publications such as arXiv:1712.01711, arXiv:1712.01757, arXiv:1803.05834, arXiv:1806.09728, and arXiv:1807.01435
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. A new approach to calorimetry in space-based experiments for high-energy cosmic rays

Author: Bigongiari, G, Adriani, O, Albergo, S, Ambrosi, G, Auditore, L, Basti, A, Berti, E, Bonechi, L, Bonechi, S, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Brogi, P, Cappello, G, Cattaneo, P, D'Alessandro, R, Detti, S, Duranti, M, Fasoli, M, Finetti, N, Formato, V, Ionica, M, Italiano, A, Lenzi, P, Maestro, P, Marrocchesi, P, Mori, N, Orzan, G, Olmi, M, Pacini, L, Papini, P, Pellegriti, M, Rappoldi, A, Ricciarini, S, Sciuto, A, Silvestre, G, Starodubtsev, O, Stolzi, F, Suh, J, Sulaj, A, Tiberio, A, Tricomi, A, Trifiro, A, Trimarchi, M, Vannuccini, E, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, Zampa, N, Bigongiari G., Adriani O., Albergo S., Ambrosi G., Auditore L., Basti A., Berti E., Bonechi L., Bonechi S., Bongi M., Bonvicini V., Bottai S., Brogi P., Cappello G., Cattaneo P. W., D'Alessandro R., Detti S., Duranti M., Fasoli M., Finetti N., Formato V., Ionica M., Italiano A., Lenzi P., Maestro P., Marrocchesi P. S., Mori N., Orzan G., Olmi M., Pacini L., Papini P., Pellegriti M. G., Rappoldi A., Ricciarini S. B., Sciuto A., Silvestre G., Starodubtsev O., Stolzi F., Suh J. E., Sulaj A., Tiberio A., Tricomi A., Trifiro A., Trimarchi M., Vannuccini E., Vedda A., Zampa G., Zampa N., Bigongiari, G, Adriani, O, Albergo, S, Ambrosi, G, Auditore, L, Basti, A, Berti, E, Bonechi, L, Bonechi, S, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Brogi, P, Cappello, G, Cattaneo, P, D'Alessandro, R, Detti, S, Duranti, M, Fasoli, M, Finetti, N, Formato, V, Ionica, M, Italiano, A, Lenzi, P, Maestro, P, Marrocchesi, P, Mori, N, Orzan, G, Olmi, M, Pacini, L, Papini, P, Pellegriti, M, Rappoldi, A, Ricciarini, S, Sciuto, A, Silvestre, G, Starodubtsev, O, Stolzi, F, Suh, J, Sulaj, A, Tiberio, A, Tricomi, A, Trifiro, A, Trimarchi, M, Vannuccini, E, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, Zampa, N, Bigongiari G., Adriani O., Albergo S., Ambrosi G., Auditore L., Basti A., Berti E., Bonechi L., Bonechi S., Bongi M., Bonvicini V., Bottai S., Brogi P., Cappello G., Cattaneo P. W., D'Alessandro R., Detti S., Duranti M., Fasoli M., Finetti N., Formato V., Ionica M., Italiano A., Lenzi P., Maestro P., Marrocchesi P. S., Mori N., Orzan G., Olmi M., Pacini L., Papini P., Pellegriti M. G., Rappoldi A., Ricciarini S. B., Sciuto A., Silvestre G., Starodubtsev O., Stolzi F., Suh J. E., Sulaj A., Tiberio A., Tricomi A., Trifiro A., Trimarchi M., Vannuccini E., Vedda A., Zampa G., and Zampa N.
Abstract: Precise measurements of the energy spectra and of the composition of cosmic rays in the PeV region could improve our knowledge regarding their origin, acceleration mechanism, propagation, and composition. At the present time, spectral measurements in this region are mainly derived from data collected by ground-based detectors, because of the very low particle rates at these energies. Unfortunately, these results are affected by the high uncertainties typical of indirect measurements, which depend on the complicated modeling of the interaction of the primary particle with the atmosphere. A space experiment dedicated to measurements in this energy region has to achieve a balance between the requirements of lightness and compactness, with that of a large acceptance to cope with the low particle rates. CaloCube is a four-year-old R&D project, approved and financed by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in 2014, aiming to optimize the design of a space-borne calorimeter. The large acceptance needed is obtained by maximizing the number of entrance windows, while thanks to its homogeneity and high segmentation this new detector achieves an excellent energy resolution and an enhanced separation power between hadrons and electrons. In order to optimize detector performances with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, comparative studies on different scintillating materials, different sizes of crystals, and different spacings among them have been performed making use of MonteCarlo simulations. In parallel to simulations studies, several prototypes instrumented with CsI(Tl) (Caesium Iodide, Tallium doped) cubic crystals have been constructed and tested with particle beams. Moreover, the last development of CaloCube, the Tracker-In-Calorimeter (TIC) project, financed by the INFN in 2018, is focused on the feasibility of including several silicon layers at different depths in the calorimeter in order to reconstruct the particle direction. In fact, an import
Published: 2019

28. Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Proton Spectrum from 50 GeV to 10 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Bruno, A., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., and Yoshida, K.
Abstract: In this paper, we present the analysis and results of a direct measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum with the CALET instrument onboard the International Space Station, including the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties. The observation period used in this analysis is from October 13, 2015 to August 31, 2018 (1054 days). We have achieved the very wide energy range necessary to carry out measurements of the spectrum from 50 GeV to 10 TeV covering, for the first time in space, with a single instrument the whole energy interval previously investigated in most cases in separate subranges by magnetic spectrometers (BESS-TeV, PAMELA, and AMS-02) and calorimetric instruments (ATIC, CREAM, and NUCLEON). The observed spectrum is consistent with AMS-02 but extends to nearly an order of magnitude higher energy, showing a very smooth transition of the power-law spectral index from -2.81 +- 0.03 (50--500 GeV) neglecting solar modulation effects (or -2.87 +- 0.06 including solar modulation effects in the lower energy region) to -2.56 +- 0.04 (1--10 TeV), thereby confirming the existence of spectral hardening and providing evidence of a deviation from a single power law by more than 3 sigma., Comment: main text: 8 pages, 5 figures, supplemental material: 12 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, marked as a PRL Editor's Suggestion
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station: Results from the First Two Years On Orbit

Author: Asaoka, Y., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Bruno, A., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Felice, V. Di., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., Nolfo, G. A. De., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Pal'shin, V., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Asaoka, Y., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Bruno, A., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Felice, V. Di., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., Nolfo, G. A. De., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Pal'shin, V., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Sugita, S., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., and Yoshida, K.
Abstract: The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a high-energy astroparticle physics space experiment installed on the International Space Station (ISS), developed and operated by Japan in collaboration with Italy and the United States. The CALET mission goals include the investigation of possible nearby sources of high-energy electrons, of the details of galactic particle acceleration and propagation, and of potential signatures of dark matter. CALET measures the cosmic-ray electron + positron flux up to 20 TeV, gamma-rays up to 10 TeV, and nuclei with Z=1 to 40 up to 1,000 TeV for the more abundant elements during a long-term observation aboard the ISS. Starting science operation in mid-October 2015, CALET performed continuous observation without major interruption with close to 20 million triggered events over 10 GeV per month. Based on the data taken during the first two-years, we present an overview of CALET observations: uses w/o major interruption 1) Electron + positron energy spectrum, 2) Nuclei analysis, 3) Gamma-ray observation including a characterization of on-orbit performance. Results of the electromagnetic counterpart search for LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave events are discussed as well., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, a contribution to the proceedings of 26th Extended European Cosmic Ray Symposium, 6-10 July 2018, Russia, which summarizes our recent publications such as arXiv:1712.01711, arXiv:1712.01757, arXiv:1803.05834, arXiv:1806.09728, and arXiv:1807.01435
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. A new approach to calorimetry in space-based experiments for high-energy cosmic rays

Author: Bigongiari, G, Adriani, O, Albergo, S, Ambrosi, G, Auditore, L, Basti, A, Berti, E, Bonechi, L, Bonechi, S, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Brogi, P, Cappello, G, Cattaneo, P, D'Alessandro, R, Detti, S, Duranti, M, Fasoli, M, Finetti, N, Formato, V, Ionica, M, Italiano, A, Lenzi, P, Maestro, P, Marrocchesi, P, Mori, N, Orzan, G, Olmi, M, Pacini, L, Papini, P, Pellegriti, M, Rappoldi, A, Ricciarini, S, Sciuto, A, Silvestre, G, Starodubtsev, O, Stolzi, F, Suh, J, Sulaj, A, Tiberio, A, Tricomi, A, Trifiro, A, Trimarchi, M, Vannuccini, E, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, Zampa, N, Bigongiari G., Adriani O., Albergo S., Ambrosi G., Auditore L., Basti A., Berti E., Bonechi L., Bonechi S., Bongi M., Bonvicini V., Bottai S., Brogi P., Cappello G., Cattaneo P. W., D'Alessandro R., Detti S., Duranti M., Fasoli M., Finetti N., Formato V., Ionica M., Italiano A., Lenzi P., Maestro P., Marrocchesi P. S., Mori N., Orzan G., Olmi M., Pacini L., Papini P., Pellegriti M. G., Rappoldi A., Ricciarini S. B., Sciuto A., Silvestre G., Starodubtsev O., Stolzi F., Suh J. E., Sulaj A., Tiberio A., Tricomi A., Trifiro A., Trimarchi M., Vannuccini E., Vedda A., Zampa G., Zampa N., Bigongiari, G, Adriani, O, Albergo, S, Ambrosi, G, Auditore, L, Basti, A, Berti, E, Bonechi, L, Bonechi, S, Bongi, M, Bonvicini, V, Bottai, S, Brogi, P, Cappello, G, Cattaneo, P, D'Alessandro, R, Detti, S, Duranti, M, Fasoli, M, Finetti, N, Formato, V, Ionica, M, Italiano, A, Lenzi, P, Maestro, P, Marrocchesi, P, Mori, N, Orzan, G, Olmi, M, Pacini, L, Papini, P, Pellegriti, M, Rappoldi, A, Ricciarini, S, Sciuto, A, Silvestre, G, Starodubtsev, O, Stolzi, F, Suh, J, Sulaj, A, Tiberio, A, Tricomi, A, Trifiro, A, Trimarchi, M, Vannuccini, E, Vedda, A, Zampa, G, Zampa, N, Bigongiari G., Adriani O., Albergo S., Ambrosi G., Auditore L., Basti A., Berti E., Bonechi L., Bonechi S., Bongi M., Bonvicini V., Bottai S., Brogi P., Cappello G., Cattaneo P. W., D'Alessandro R., Detti S., Duranti M., Fasoli M., Finetti N., Formato V., Ionica M., Italiano A., Lenzi P., Maestro P., Marrocchesi P. S., Mori N., Orzan G., Olmi M., Pacini L., Papini P., Pellegriti M. G., Rappoldi A., Ricciarini S. B., Sciuto A., Silvestre G., Starodubtsev O., Stolzi F., Suh J. E., Sulaj A., Tiberio A., Tricomi A., Trifiro A., Trimarchi M., Vannuccini E., Vedda A., Zampa G., and Zampa N.
Abstract: Precise measurements of the energy spectra and of the composition of cosmic rays in the PeV region could improve our knowledge regarding their origin, acceleration mechanism, propagation, and composition. At the present time, spectral measurements in this region are mainly derived from data collected by ground-based detectors, because of the very low particle rates at these energies. Unfortunately, these results are affected by the high uncertainties typical of indirect measurements, which depend on the complicated modeling of the interaction of the primary particle with the atmosphere. A space experiment dedicated to measurements in this energy region has to achieve a balance between the requirements of lightness and compactness, with that of a large acceptance to cope with the low particle rates. CaloCube is a four-year-old R&D project, approved and financed by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in 2014, aiming to optimize the design of a space-borne calorimeter. The large acceptance needed is obtained by maximizing the number of entrance windows, while thanks to its homogeneity and high segmentation this new detector achieves an excellent energy resolution and an enhanced separation power between hadrons and electrons. In order to optimize detector performances with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, comparative studies on different scintillating materials, different sizes of crystals, and different spacings among them have been performed making use of MonteCarlo simulations. In parallel to simulations studies, several prototypes instrumented with CsI(Tl) (Caesium Iodide, Tallium doped) cubic crystals have been constructed and tested with particle beams. Moreover, the last development of CaloCube, the Tracker-In-Calorimeter (TIC) project, financed by the INFN in 2018, is focused on the feasibility of including several silicon layers at different depths in the calorimeter in order to reconstruct the particle direction. In fact, an import
Published: 2019

31. Trapped Positrons and Electrons in the Inner Radiation Belt According to Data of the PAMELA Experiment

Author: Mikhailov, V. V., Adriani, O., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Barbarino, G. C., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Boezio, M., Bonvicini, V., Bongi, M., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Galper, A. M., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Casolino, M., Campana, D., Karelin, A. V., Carlson, Per, Castellini, G., Cafagna, F., Kvashnin, A. A., Kvashnin, A. N., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S. A., Krutkov, S. Y., Leonov, A. A., Mayorov, A. G., Malakhov, V. V., Martucci, M., Marcelli, L., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mikhailova, Yu. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Picozza, P., Pearce, Mark, Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Runtso, M. F., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Yurkin, Y. T., Mikhailov, V. V., Adriani, O., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Barbarino, G. C., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Boezio, M., Bonvicini, V., Bongi, M., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Galper, A. M., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Casolino, M., Campana, D., Karelin, A. V., Carlson, Per, Castellini, G., Cafagna, F., Kvashnin, A. A., Kvashnin, A. N., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S. A., Krutkov, S. Y., Leonov, A. A., Mayorov, A. G., Malakhov, V. V., Martucci, M., Marcelli, L., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mikhailova, Yu. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Picozza, P., Pearce, Mark, Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Runtso, M. F., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., and Yurkin, Y. T.
Abstract: Measurements of secondary-electron and secondary-positron fluxes below the geomagnetic cutoff in near-Earth space were performed by means of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer installed on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite launched on June 15, 2006, in an elliptical orbit of inclination 70A degrees and altitude 350 to 600 km. This spectrometer permits measuring the fluxes of electrons and positrons over a wide energy range, as well as determining their spatial distributions to a precision of about 2A degrees. A calculation of particle trajectories in the geomagnetic field makes it possible to separate electrons and positrons originating from cosmic-ray interactions in the Earth's magnetosphere. The spatial distributions of quasitrapped, trapped, and short-lived albedo positrons and electrons of energy above 70 MeV in the radiation belt were analyzed. The ratio of the electron-to-positron fluxes and the energy spectra of the electrons and positrons in question are indicative of different productionmechanisms for stably trapped and quasitrapped secondary particles., QC 20180906
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Lithium and Beryllium Isotopes with the PAMELA Experiment

Author: Menn, W., Bogomolov, E. A., Simon, M., Vasilyev, G., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, Per, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Merge, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, Mark, Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Menn, W., Bogomolov, E. A., Simon, M., Vasilyev, G., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, Per, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Merge, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, Mark, Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Abstract: The cosmic ray (CR) lithium and beryllium (Li-6, Li-7, Be-7, Be-9, Be-10) isotopic composition has been measured with the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA, which was launched into low-Earth orbit on board the Resurs-DKJ satellite on 2006 June 15. The rare lithium and beryllium isotopes in CRs are believed to originate mainly from the interaction of high-energy carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen nuclei with the interstellar medium (ISM), but also on "tertiary" interactions in the ISM (i.e., produced by further fragmentation of secondary beryllium and boron). In this paper, the isotopic ratios Li-7/Li-6 and Be-7/(Be-9 + Be-10), measured between 150 and 1100 MeV n(-1) using two different detector systems from 2006 July to 2014 September, will be presented., QC 20180822
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Proton Fluxes Measured by the PAMELA Experiment from the Minimum to the Maximum Solar Activity for Solar Cycle 24

Author: Martucci, M., Munini, R., Boezio, M., Di Felice, V., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, Per, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Marcelli, N., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, Mark, Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Potgieter, M. S., Raath, J. L., Martucci, M., Munini, R., Boezio, M., Di Felice, V., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, Per, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Marcelli, N., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, Mark, Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Potgieter, M. S., and Raath, J. L.
Abstract: Precise measurements of the time-dependent intensity of the low-energy (<50 GeV) galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are fundamental to test and improve the models that describe their propagation inside the heliosphere. In particular, data spanning different solar activity periods, i.e., from minimum to maximum, are needed to achieve comprehensive understanding of such physical phenomena. The minimum phase between solar cycles 23 and 24 was peculiarly long, extending up to the beginning of 2010 and followed by the maximum phase, reached during early 2014. In this Letter, we present proton differential spectra measured from 2010 January to 2014 February by the PAMELA experiment. For the first time the GCR proton intensity was studied over a wide energy range (0.08-50 GeV) by a single apparatus from a minimum to a maximum period of solar activity. The large statistics allowed the time variation to be investigated on a nearly monthly basis. Data were compared and interpreted in the context of a state-of-the-art three-dimensional model describing the GCRs propagation through the heliosphere., QC 20180223
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Evidence of Energy and Charge Sign Dependence of the Recovery Time for the 2006 December Forbush Event Measured by the PAMELA Experiment

Author: Munini, R., Boezio, M., Bruno, A., Christian, E. C., Nolfo, G. A. D., Felice, V. D., Martucci, M., Merge, M., Richardson, I. G., Ryan, J. M., Stochaj, S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, Per, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Santis, C. D., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, Mark, Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Potgieter, M. S., Munini, R., Boezio, M., Bruno, A., Christian, E. C., Nolfo, G. A. D., Felice, V. D., Martucci, M., Merge, M., Richardson, I. G., Ryan, J. M., Stochaj, S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, Per, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Santis, C. D., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, Mark, Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., and Potgieter, M. S.
Abstract: New results on the short-term galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) intensity variation (Forbish decrease) in 2006 December measured by the PAMELA instrument are presented. Forbush decreases are sudden suppressions of the GCR intensities, which are associated with the passage of interplanetary transients such as shocks and interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Most of the past measurements of this phenomenon were carried out with groundbased detectors such as neutron monitors or muon telescopes. These techniques allow only the indirect detection of the overall GCR intensity over an integrated energy range. For the first time, thanks to the unique features of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer, the Forbush decrease, commencing on 2006 December 14 and following a CME at the Sun on 2006 December 13, was studied in a wide rigidity range (0.4-20 GV) and for different species of GCRs detected directly in space. The daily averaged GCR proton intensity was used to investigate the rigidity dependence of the amplitude and the recovery time of the Forbush decrease. Additionally, for the first time, the temporal variations in the helium and electron intensities during a Forbush decrease were studied. Interestingly, the temporal evolutions of the helium and proton intensities during the Forbush decrease were found to be in good agreement, while the low rigidity electrons (<2 GV) displayed a faster recovery. This difference in the electron recovery is interpreted as a charge sign dependence introduced by drift motions experienced by the GCRs during their propagation through the heliosphere., QC 20180206
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Unexpected Cyclic Behavior in Cosmic-Ray Protons Observed by PAMELA at 1 au

Author: Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, Per, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, Mark, Picozza, P., Pizzella, G., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, Per, Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Merge, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, Mark, Picozza, P., Pizzella, G., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Abstract: Protons detected by the PAMELA experiment in the period 2006-2014 have been analyzed in the energy range between 0.40 and 50 GV to explore possible periodicities besides the well known solar undecennial modulation. An unexpected clear and regular feature has been found at rigidities below 15 GV, with a quasi-periodicity of similar to 450 days. A possible Jovian origin of this periodicity has been investigated in different ways. The results seem to favor a small but not negligible contribution to cosmic rays from the Jovian magnetosphere, even if other explanations cannot be excluded., QC 20180130
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Solar energetic particle events observed by the PAMELA mission

Author: Bruno, A., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Boezio, M., Christian, E. R., de Nolfo, G. A., Martucci, M., Merge', M., Mikhailov, V. V., Munini, R., Richardson, I. G., Ryan, J. M., Stochaj, S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Bruno, A., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Boezio, M., Christian, E. R., de Nolfo, G. A., Martucci, M., Merge', M., Mikhailov, V. V., Munini, R., Richardson, I. G., Ryan, J. M., Stochaj, S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Abstract: Despite the significant progress achieved in recent years, the physical mechanisms underlying the origin of solar energetic particles (SEPs) are still a matter of debate. The complex nature of both particle acceleration and transport poses challenges to developing a universal picture of SEP events that encompasses both the low-energy (from tens of keV to a few hundreds of MeV) observations made by space-based instruments and the GeV particles detected by the worldwide network of neutron monitors in ground-level enhancements (GLEs). The high-precision data collected by the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) satellite experiment offer a unique opportunity to study the SEP fluxes between $\sim$80 MeV and a few GeV, significantly improving the characterization of the most energetic events. In particular, PAMELA can measure for the first time with good accuracy the spectral features at moderate and high energies, providing important constraints for current SEP models. In addition, the PAMELA observations allow the relationship between low and high-energy particles to be investigated, enabling a clearer view of the SEP origin. No qualitative distinction between the spectral shapes of GLE, sub-GLE and non-GLE events is observed, suggesting that GLEs are not a separate class, but are the subset of a continuous distribution of SEP events that are more intense at high energies. While the spectral forms found are to be consistent with diffusive shock acceleration theory, which predicts spectral rollovers at high energies that are attributed to particles escaping the shock region during acceleration, further work is required to explore the relative influences of acceleration and transport processes on SEP spectra., Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Search for GeV Gamma-ray Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events by CALET

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, M., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Kohri, K., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, M., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Kohri, K., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., and Yoshida, K.
Abstract: We present results on searches for gamma-ray counterparts of the LIGO/Virgo gravitational-wave events using CALorimetric Electron Telescope ({\sl CALET}) observations. The main instrument of {\sl CALET}, CALorimeter (CAL), observes gamma-rays from $\sim1$ GeV up to 10 TeV with a field of view of nearly 2 sr. In addition, the {\sl CALET} gamma-ray burst monitor (CGBM) views $\sim$3 sr and $\sim2\pi$ sr of the sky in the 7 keV -- 1 MeV and the 40 keV -- 20 MeV bands, respectively, by using two different crystal scintillators. The {\sl CALET} observations on the International Space Station started in October 2015, and here we report analyses of events associated with the following gravitational wave events: GW151226, GW170104, GW170608, GW170814 and GW170817. Although only upper limits on gamma-ray emission are obtained, they correspond to a luminosity of $10^{49}\sim10^{53}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in the GeV energy band depending on the distance and the assumed time duration of each event, which is approximately the order of luminosity of typical short gamma-ray bursts. This implies there will be a favorable opportunity to detect high-energy gamma-ray emission in further observations if additional gravitational wave events with favorable geometry will occur within our field-of-view. We also show the sensitivity of {\sl CALET} for gamma-ray transient events which is the order of $10^{-7}$~erg\,cm$^{-2}$\,s$^{-1}$ for an observation of 100~s duration., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Extended Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Spectrum from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, M., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, M., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., and Yoshida, K.
Abstract: Extended results on the cosmic-ray electron + positron spectrum from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV are presented based on observations with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station utilizing the data up to November 2017. The analysis uses the full detector acceptance at high energies, approximately doubling the statistics compared to the previous result. CALET is an all-calorimetric instrument with a total thickness of 30 $X_0$ at normal incidence and fine imaging capability, designed to achieve large proton rejection and excellent energy resolution well into the TeV energy region. The observed energy spectrum in the region below 1 TeV shows good agreement with Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) data. In the energy region below $\sim$300 GeV, CALET's spectral index is found to be consistent with the AMS-02, Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) and Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), while from 300 to 600 GeV the spectrum is significantly softer than the spectra from the latter two experiments. The absolute flux of CALET is consistent with other experiments at around a few tens of GeV. However, it is lower than those of DAMPE and Fermi-LAT with the difference increasing up to several hundred GeV. The observed energy spectrum above $\sim$1 TeV suggests a flux suppression consistent within the errors with the results of DAMPE, while CALET does not observe any significant evidence for a narrow spectral feature in the energy region around 1.4 TeV. Our measured all-electron flux, including statistical errors and a detailed breakdown of the systematic errors, is tabulated in the Supplemental Material in order to allow more refined spectral analyses based on our data., Comment: main text: 7 pages, 4 figures, supplemental material: 8pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Lithium and Beryllium isotopes with the PAMELA experiment

Author: Menn, W., Bogomolov, E. A., Simon, M., Vasilyev, G., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Mergè, M, Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Menn, W., Bogomolov, E. A., Simon, M., Vasilyev, G., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Mergè, M, Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Abstract: The cosmic-ray lithium and beryllium ($^{6}$Li, $^{7}$Li, $^{7}$Be, $^{9}$Be, $^{10}$Be) isotopic composition has been measured with the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA, which was launched into low-Earth orbit on-board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15th 2006. The rare lithium and beryllium isotopes in cosmic rays are believed to originate mainly from the interaction of high energy carbon, nitrogen and oxygen nuclei with the interstellar medium (ISM), but also on "tertiary" interactions in the ISM (i.e. produced by further fragmentation of secondary beryllium and boron). In this paper the isotopic ratios $^{7}$Li/$^{6}$Li and $^{7}$Be/($^{9}$Be + $^{10}$Be) measured between 150 and 1100 MeV/n using two different detector systems from July 2006 to September 2014 will be presented., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1512.06535
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

40. Unexpected cyclic behavior in cosmic ray protons observed by PAMELA at 1 AU

Author: Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mergè, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Pizzella, G., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mergè, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Pizzella, G., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Abstract: Protons detected by the PAMELA experiment in the period 2006-2014 have been analyzed in the energy range between 0.40-50 GV to explore possible periodicities besides the well known solar undecennial modulation. An unexpected clear and regular feature has been found at rigidities below 15 GV, with a quasi-periodicity of $\sim$450 days. A possible Jovian origin of this periodicity has been investigated in different ways. The results seem to favor a small but not negligible contribution to cosmic rays from the Jovian magnetosphere, even if other explanations cannot be excluded., Comment: article 4 figures, 1 table
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Evidence of energy and charge sign dependence of the recovery time for the December 2006 Forbush event measured by the PAMELA experiment

Author: Munini, R., Boezio, M., Bruno, A., Christian, E. C., de Nolfo, G. A., Di Felice, V., Martucci, M., Merge, M., Richardson, I. G., Ryan, J. M., Stochaj, S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Potgieter, M. S., Munini, R., Boezio, M., Bruno, A., Christian, E. C., de Nolfo, G. A., Di Felice, V., Martucci, M., Merge, M., Richardson, I. G., Ryan, J. M., Stochaj, S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., and Potgieter, M. S.
Abstract: New results on the short-term galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity variation (Forbush decrease) in December 2006 measured by the PAMELA instrument are presented. Forbush decreases are sudden suppressions of the GCR intensities which are associated with the passage of interplanetary transients such as shocks and interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Most of the past measurements of this phenomenon were carried out with ground-based detectors such as neutron monitors or muon telescopes. These techniques allow only the indirect detection of the overall GCR intensity over an integrated energy range. For the first time, thanks to the unique features of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer, the Forbush decrease commencing on 2006 December 14, following a CME at the Sun on 2006 December 13 was studied in a wide rigidity range (0.4 - 20 GV) and for different species of GCRs detected directly in space. The daily averaged GCR proton intensity was used to investigate the rigidity dependence of the amplitude and the recovery time of the Forbush decrease. Additionally, for the first time, the temporal variations in the helium and electron intensities during a Forbush decrease were studied. Interestingly, the temporal evolutions of the helium and proton intensities during the Forbush decrease were found in good agreement, while the low rigidity electrons (< 2 GV) displayed a faster recovery. This difference in the electron recovery is interpreted as a charge-sign dependence introduced by drift motions experienced by the GCRs during their propagation through the heliosphere.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. On-orbit Operations and Offline Data Processing of CALET onboard the ISS

Author: Asaoka, Y., Ozawa, S., Torii, S., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Bagliesi, M. G., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, M., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Javaid, A., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Kuramata, S., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Mizutani, K., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Yuda, T., Asaoka, Y., Ozawa, S., Torii, S., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Bagliesi, M. G., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, M., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Javaid, A., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Kuramata, S., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Mizutani, K., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., and Yuda, T.
Abstract: The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), launched for installation on the International Space Station (ISS) in August, 2015, has been accumulating scientific data since October, 2015. CALET is intended to perform long-duration observations of high-energy cosmic rays onboard the ISS. CALET directly measures the cosmic-ray electron spectrum in the energy range of 1 GeV to 20 TeV with a 2% energy resolution above 30 GeV. In addition, the instrument can measure the spectrum of gamma rays well into the TeV range, and the spectra of protons and nuclei up to a PeV. In order to operate the CALET onboard ISS, JAXA Ground Support Equipment (JAXA-GSE) and the Waseda CALET Operations Center (WCOC) have been established. Scientific operations using CALET are planned at WCOC, taking into account orbital variations of geomagnetic rigidity cutoff. Scheduled command sequences are used to control the CALET observation modes on orbit. Calibration data acquisition by, for example, recording pedestal and penetrating particle events, a low-energy electron trigger mode operating at high geomagnetic latitude, a low-energy gamma-ray trigger mode operating at low geomagnetic latitude, and an ultra heavy trigger mode, are scheduled around the ISS orbit while maintaining maximum exposure to high-energy electrons and other high-energy shower events by always having the high-energy trigger mode active. The WCOC also prepares and distributes CALET flight data to collaborators in Italy and the United States. As of August 31, 2017, the total observation time is 689 days with a live time fraction of the total time of approximately 84%. Nearly 450 million events are collected with a high-energy (E>10 GeV) trigger. By combining all operation modes with the excellent-quality on-orbit data collected thus far, it is expected that a five-year observation period will provide a wealth of new and interesting results., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, published online 27 February 2018
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Ten Years of PAMELA in Space

Author: Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mergè, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Munini, R., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mergè, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Munini, R., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Abstract: The PAMELA cosmic ray detector was launched on June 15th 2006 on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite, and during ten years of nearly continuous data-taking it has observed new interesting features in cosmic rays (CRs). In a decade of operation it has provided plenty of scientific data, covering different issues related to cosmic ray physics. Its discoveries might change our basic vision of the mechanisms of production, acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. The antimatter measurements, focus of the experiment, have set strong constraints to the nature of Dark Matter. Search for signatures of more exotic processes (such as the ones involving Strange Quark Matter) was also pursued. Furthermore, the long-term operation of the instrument had allowed a constant monitoring of the solar activity during its maximum and a detailed and prolonged study of the solar modulation, improving the comprehension of the heliosphere mechanisms. PAMELA had also measured the radiation environment around the Earth, and it detected for the first time the presence of an antiproton radiation belt surrounding our planet. The operation of Resurs-DK1 was terminated in 2016. In this article we will review the main features of the PAMELA instrument and its constructing phases. Main part of the article will be dedicated to the summary of the most relevant PAMELA results over a decade of observation
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Energy Spectrum of Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron from 10 GeV to 3 TeV Observed with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author: CALET Collaboration: Adriani, O., Akaike, Yosui, Asano, K., Asaoka, Yoichi, Bagliesi, M. G., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, Ken, Fuke, Hideyuki, Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, Makoto, Hasebe, Nobuyuki, Hibino, Kinya, Ichimura, Masakatsu, Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Javaid, A., Kasahara, Katsuaki, Kataoka, Jun, Kataoka, R., Katayose, Yusaku, Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Kuramata, Shiyuuichi, Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Mizutani, Kouhei, Moiseev, A. A., Mori, Kunishiro, Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, Hiroyuki, Nakahira, Satoshi, Nishimura, Jun, de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, Shoji, Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, Shunsuke, Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Yuki, Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, Masahiro, Takita, M., Tamura, Tadahisa, Tateyama, Nobuhito, Terasawa, Toshio, Tomida, Hiroshi, Torii, Shoji, Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Yukio, Ueno, Shiro, Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, Kenji, Yuda, Toshinori, 赤池, 陽水, 浅岡, 陽一, 海老沢, 研, 福家, 英之, 晴山, 慎, 長谷部, 信行, 日比野, 欣也, 市村, 雅一, 笠原, 克昌, 片岡, 淳, 片寄, 祐作, 倉又, 秀一, 水谷, 興平, 森, 国城, 村上, 浩之, 中平, 聡志, 西村, 純, 奥野, 祥二, 高柳, 昌弘, 田村, 忠久, 立山, 暢人, 寺沢, 敏夫, 冨田, 洋, 鳥居, 祥二, 内堀, 幸夫, 上野, 史郎, 吉田, 健二, 湯田, 利典, CALET Collaboration: Adriani, O., Akaike, Yosui, Asano, K., Asaoka, Yoichi, Bagliesi, M. G., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, Ken, Fuke, Hideyuki, Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, Makoto, Hasebe, Nobuyuki, Hibino, Kinya, Ichimura, Masakatsu, Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Javaid, A., Kasahara, Katsuaki, Kataoka, Jun, Kataoka, R., Katayose, Yusaku, Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Kuramata, Shiyuuichi, Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Mizutani, Kouhei, Moiseev, A. A., Mori, Kunishiro, Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, Hiroyuki, Nakahira, Satoshi, Nishimura, Jun, de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, Shoji, Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, Shunsuke, Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Yuki, Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, Masahiro, Takita, M., Tamura, Tadahisa, Tateyama, Nobuhito, Terasawa, Toshio, Tomida, Hiroshi, Torii, Shoji, Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Yukio, Ueno, Shiro, Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, Kenji, Yuda, Toshinori, 赤池, 陽水, 浅岡, 陽一, 海老沢, 研, 福家, 英之, 晴山, 慎, 長谷部, 信行, 日比野, 欣也, 市村, 雅一, 笠原, 克昌, 片岡, 淳, 片寄, 祐作, 倉又, 秀一, 水谷, 興平, 森, 国城, 村上, 浩之, 中平, 聡志, 西村, 純, 奥野, 祥二, 高柳, 昌弘, 田村, 忠久, 立山, 暢人, 寺沢, 敏夫, 冨田, 洋, 鳥居, 祥二, 内堀, 幸夫, 上野, 史郎, 吉田, 健二, and 湯田, 利典
Abstract: 著者人数: 91名
Published: 2018

45. Solar energetic particle events observed by the PAMELA mission

Author: Bruno, A., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Boezio, M., Christian, E. R., de Nolfo, G. A., Martucci, M., Merge', M., Mikhailov, V. V., Munini, R., Richardson, I. G., Ryan, J. M., Stochaj, S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Bruno, A., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Boezio, M., Christian, E. R., de Nolfo, G. A., Martucci, M., Merge', M., Mikhailov, V. V., Munini, R., Richardson, I. G., Ryan, J. M., Stochaj, S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bellotti, R., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Di Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Abstract: Despite the significant progress achieved in recent years, the physical mechanisms underlying the origin of solar energetic particles (SEPs) are still a matter of debate. The complex nature of both particle acceleration and transport poses challenges to developing a universal picture of SEP events that encompasses both the low-energy (from tens of keV to a few hundreds of MeV) observations made by space-based instruments and the GeV particles detected by the worldwide network of neutron monitors in ground-level enhancements (GLEs). The high-precision data collected by the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) satellite experiment offer a unique opportunity to study the SEP fluxes between $\sim$80 MeV and a few GeV, significantly improving the characterization of the most energetic events. In particular, PAMELA can measure for the first time with good accuracy the spectral features at moderate and high energies, providing important constraints for current SEP models. In addition, the PAMELA observations allow the relationship between low and high-energy particles to be investigated, enabling a clearer view of the SEP origin. No qualitative distinction between the spectral shapes of GLE, sub-GLE and non-GLE events is observed, suggesting that GLEs are not a separate class, but are the subset of a continuous distribution of SEP events that are more intense at high energies. While the spectral forms found are to be consistent with diffusive shock acceleration theory, which predicts spectral rollovers at high energies that are attributed to particles escaping the shock region during acceleration, further work is required to explore the relative influences of acceleration and transport processes on SEP spectra., Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Search for GeV Gamma-ray Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events by CALET

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, M., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Kohri, K., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, M., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Kohri, K., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., and Yoshida, K.
Abstract: We present results on searches for gamma-ray counterparts of the LIGO/Virgo gravitational-wave events using CALorimetric Electron Telescope ({\sl CALET}) observations. The main instrument of {\sl CALET}, CALorimeter (CAL), observes gamma-rays from $\sim1$ GeV up to 10 TeV with a field of view of nearly 2 sr. In addition, the {\sl CALET} gamma-ray burst monitor (CGBM) views $\sim$3 sr and $\sim2\pi$ sr of the sky in the 7 keV -- 1 MeV and the 40 keV -- 20 MeV bands, respectively, by using two different crystal scintillators. The {\sl CALET} observations on the International Space Station started in October 2015, and here we report analyses of events associated with the following gravitational wave events: GW151226, GW170104, GW170608, GW170814 and GW170817. Although only upper limits on gamma-ray emission are obtained, they correspond to a luminosity of $10^{49}\sim10^{53}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in the GeV energy band depending on the distance and the assumed time duration of each event, which is approximately the order of luminosity of typical short gamma-ray bursts. This implies there will be a favorable opportunity to detect high-energy gamma-ray emission in further observations if additional gravitational wave events with favorable geometry will occur within our field-of-view. We also show the sensitivity of {\sl CALET} for gamma-ray transient events which is the order of $10^{-7}$~erg\,cm$^{-2}$\,s$^{-1}$ for an observation of 100~s duration., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Extended Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Spectrum from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author: Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, M., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Asaoka, Y., Bagliesi, M. G., Berti, E., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, M., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Ozawa, S., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Suh, J. E., Sulaj, A., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Torii, S., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., and Yoshida, K.
Abstract: Extended results on the cosmic-ray electron + positron spectrum from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV are presented based on observations with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station utilizing the data up to November 2017. The analysis uses the full detector acceptance at high energies, approximately doubling the statistics compared to the previous result. CALET is an all-calorimetric instrument with a total thickness of 30 $X_0$ at normal incidence and fine imaging capability, designed to achieve large proton rejection and excellent energy resolution well into the TeV energy region. The observed energy spectrum in the region below 1 TeV shows good agreement with Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) data. In the energy region below $\sim$300 GeV, CALET's spectral index is found to be consistent with the AMS-02, Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) and Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), while from 300 to 600 GeV the spectrum is significantly softer than the spectra from the latter two experiments. The absolute flux of CALET is consistent with other experiments at around a few tens of GeV. However, it is lower than those of DAMPE and Fermi-LAT with the difference increasing up to several hundred GeV. The observed energy spectrum above $\sim$1 TeV suggests a flux suppression consistent within the errors with the results of DAMPE, while CALET does not observe any significant evidence for a narrow spectral feature in the energy region around 1.4 TeV. Our measured all-electron flux, including statistical errors and a detailed breakdown of the systematic errors, is tabulated in the Supplemental Material in order to allow more refined spectral analyses based on our data., Comment: main text: 7 pages, 4 figures, supplemental material: 8pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Lithium and Beryllium isotopes with the PAMELA experiment

Author: Menn, W., Bogomolov, E. A., Simon, M., Vasilyev, G., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Mergè, M, Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Menn, W., Bogomolov, E. A., Simon, M., Vasilyev, G., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Donato, C., De Santis, C., De Simone, N., Di Felice, V., Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Mergè, M, Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.
Abstract: The cosmic-ray lithium and beryllium ($^{6}$Li, $^{7}$Li, $^{7}$Be, $^{9}$Be, $^{10}$Be) isotopic composition has been measured with the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA, which was launched into low-Earth orbit on-board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15th 2006. The rare lithium and beryllium isotopes in cosmic rays are believed to originate mainly from the interaction of high energy carbon, nitrogen and oxygen nuclei with the interstellar medium (ISM), but also on "tertiary" interactions in the ISM (i.e. produced by further fragmentation of secondary beryllium and boron). In this paper the isotopic ratios $^{7}$Li/$^{6}$Li and $^{7}$Be/($^{9}$Be + $^{10}$Be) measured between 150 and 1100 MeV/n using two different detector systems from July 2006 to September 2014 will be presented., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1512.06535
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Evidence of energy and charge sign dependence of the recovery time for the December 2006 Forbush event measured by the PAMELA experiment

Author: Munini, R., Boezio, M., Bruno, A., Christian, E. C., de Nolfo, G. A., Di Felice, V., Martucci, M., Merge, M., Richardson, I. G., Ryan, J. M., Stochaj, S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Potgieter, M. S., Munini, R., Boezio, M., Bruno, A., Christian, E. C., de Nolfo, G. A., Di Felice, V., Martucci, M., Merge, M., Richardson, I. G., Ryan, J. M., Stochaj, S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., De Santis, C., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., and Potgieter, M. S.
Abstract: New results on the short-term galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity variation (Forbush decrease) in December 2006 measured by the PAMELA instrument are presented. Forbush decreases are sudden suppressions of the GCR intensities which are associated with the passage of interplanetary transients such as shocks and interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Most of the past measurements of this phenomenon were carried out with ground-based detectors such as neutron monitors or muon telescopes. These techniques allow only the indirect detection of the overall GCR intensity over an integrated energy range. For the first time, thanks to the unique features of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer, the Forbush decrease commencing on 2006 December 14, following a CME at the Sun on 2006 December 13 was studied in a wide rigidity range (0.4 - 20 GV) and for different species of GCRs detected directly in space. The daily averaged GCR proton intensity was used to investigate the rigidity dependence of the amplitude and the recovery time of the Forbush decrease. Additionally, for the first time, the temporal variations in the helium and electron intensities during a Forbush decrease were studied. Interestingly, the temporal evolutions of the helium and proton intensities during the Forbush decrease were found in good agreement, while the low rigidity electrons (< 2 GV) displayed a faster recovery. This difference in the electron recovery is interpreted as a charge-sign dependence introduced by drift motions experienced by the GCRs during their propagation through the heliosphere.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. On-orbit Operations and Offline Data Processing of CALET onboard the ISS

Author: Asaoka, Y., Ozawa, S., Torii, S., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Bagliesi, M. G., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, M., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Javaid, A., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Kuramata, S., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Mizutani, K., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., Yuda, T., Asaoka, Y., Ozawa, S., Torii, S., Adriani, O., Akaike, Y., Asano, K., Bagliesi, M. G., Bigongiari, G., Binns, W. R., Bonechi, S., Bongi, M., Brogi, P., Buckley, J. H., Cannady, N., Castellini, G., Checchia, C., Cherry, M. L., Collazuol, G., Di Felice, V., Ebisawa, K., Fuke, H., Guzik, T. G., Hams, T., Hareyama, M., Hasebe, N., Hibino, K., Ichimura, M., Ioka, K., Ishizaki, W., Israel, M. H., Javaid, A., Kasahara, K., Kataoka, J., Kataoka, R., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawanaka, N., Kawakubo, Y., Kohri, K., Krawczynski, H. S., Krizmanic, J. F., Kuramata, S., Lomtadze, T., Maestro, P., Marrocchesi, P. S., Messineo, A. M., Mitchell, J. W., Miyake, S., Mizutani, K., Moiseev, A. A., Mori, K., Mori, M., Mori, N., Motz, H. M., Munakata, K., Murakami, H., Nakahira, S., Nishimura, J., de Nolfo, G. A., Okuno, S., Ormes, J. F., Pacini, L., Palma, F., Papini, P., Penacchioni, A. V., Rauch, B. F., Ricciarini, S. B., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, T., Sasaki, M., Shimizu, Y., Shiomi, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stolzi, F., Takahashi, I., Takayanagi, M., Takita, M., Tamura, T., Tateyama, N., Terasawa, T., Tomida, H., Tsunesada, Y., Uchihori, Y., Ueno, S., Vannuccini, E., Wefel, J. P., Yamaoka, K., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, A., Yoshida, K., and Yuda, T.
Abstract: The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), launched for installation on the International Space Station (ISS) in August, 2015, has been accumulating scientific data since October, 2015. CALET is intended to perform long-duration observations of high-energy cosmic rays onboard the ISS. CALET directly measures the cosmic-ray electron spectrum in the energy range of 1 GeV to 20 TeV with a 2% energy resolution above 30 GeV. In addition, the instrument can measure the spectrum of gamma rays well into the TeV range, and the spectra of protons and nuclei up to a PeV. In order to operate the CALET onboard ISS, JAXA Ground Support Equipment (JAXA-GSE) and the Waseda CALET Operations Center (WCOC) have been established. Scientific operations using CALET are planned at WCOC, taking into account orbital variations of geomagnetic rigidity cutoff. Scheduled command sequences are used to control the CALET observation modes on orbit. Calibration data acquisition by, for example, recording pedestal and penetrating particle events, a low-energy electron trigger mode operating at high geomagnetic latitude, a low-energy gamma-ray trigger mode operating at low geomagnetic latitude, and an ultra heavy trigger mode, are scheduled around the ISS orbit while maintaining maximum exposure to high-energy electrons and other high-energy shower events by always having the high-energy trigger mode active. The WCOC also prepares and distributes CALET flight data to collaborators in Italy and the United States. As of August 31, 2017, the total observation time is 689 days with a live time fraction of the total time of approximately 84%. Nearly 450 million events are collected with a high-energy (E>10 GeV) trigger. By combining all operation modes with the excellent-quality on-orbit data collected thus far, it is expected that a five-year observation period will provide a wealth of new and interesting results., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, published online 27 February 2018
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Publication Year Range

Publication Type

Database

Publisher

244 results on '"Ricciarini, S B"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources