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Flywheel resistance training devices can be classified by their shaft shape. The objective of this study was to analyze whether using two flywheel resistance training devices shaft shapes can influence force and velocity production, regardless of the inertia used. Thirty-nine (n = 39) healthy active men participated in this study. They were randomized to perform 3 sets of 7 repetitions at maximal concentric voluntary execution, followed by a break in the last third of the eccentric phase in the half squat exercise. A progressive rotational inertial setting of 0.11, 0.22, and 0.33 kg·m2 was used. Force- and velocity-time profiles were captured using two force plates and a synchronized linear encoder. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare biomechanical output between the flywheel devices. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Force application was significantly higher in the horizontal cylinder-shaped device for the three moments of inertia used in the eccentric phase (p < 0.001). In the concentric phase, force application was significantly higher in the horizontal cylinder-shaped device in 0.11 (p < 0.001) and 0.22 kg·m2 (p < 0.001). The resultant speed was higher in the vertical cone-shaped device in the concentric phase and the eccentric phase for the three moments of inertia (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the flywheel shaft type determines the mechanical output of the half squat exercise, regardless of the moment of inertia used. While a horizontal cylinder-shaped device is more suitable to achieve higher forces, especially in the eccentric phase, a vertical cone-shaped device can be used to achieve higher speeds during the execution of the exercise.

Flywheel resistance training devices can be classified by their shaft shape. The objective of this study was to analyze whether using two flywheel resistance training devices shaft shapes can influence force and velocity production, regardless of the inertia used. Thirty-nine (n = 39) healthy active men participated in this study. They were randomized to perform 3 sets of 7 repetitions at maximal concentric voluntary execution, followed by a break in the last third of the eccentric phase in the half squat exercise. A progressive rotational inertial setting of 0.11, 0.22, and 0.33 kg·m2 was used. Force- and velocity-time profiles were captured using two force plates and a synchronized linear encoder. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare biomechanical output between the flywheel devices. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Force application was significantly higher in the horizontal cylinder-shaped device for the three moments of inertia used in the eccentric phase (p < 0.001). In the concentric phase, force application was significantly higher in the horizontal cylinder-shaped device in 0.11 (p < 0.001) and 0.22 kg·m2 (p < 0.001). The resultant speed was higher in the vertical cone-shaped device in the concentric phase and the eccentric phase for the three moments of inertia (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the flywheel shaft type determines the mechanical output of the half squat exercise, regardless of the moment of inertia used. While a horizontal cylinder-shaped device is more suitable to achieve higher forces, especially in the eccentric phase, a vertical cone-shaped device can be used to achieve higher speeds during the execution of the exercise.

Flywheel resistance training devices can be classified by their shaft shape. The objective of this study was to analyze whether using two flywheel resistance training devices shaft shapes can influence force and velocity production, regardless of the inertia used. Thirty-nine (n = 39) healthy active men participated in this study. They were randomized to perform 3 sets of 7 repetitions at maximal concentric voluntary execution, followed by a break in the last third of the eccentric phase in the half squat exercise. A progressive rotational inertial setting of 0.11, 0.22, and 0.33 kg·m2 was used. Force- and velocity-time profiles were captured using two force plates and a synchronized linear encoder. Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare biomechanical output between the flywheel devices. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Force application was significantly higher in the horizontal cylinder-shaped device for the three moments of inertia used in the eccentric phase (p < 0.001). In the concentric phase, force application was significantly higher in the horizontal cylinder-shaped device in 0.11 (p < 0.001) and 0.22 kg·m2 (p < 0.001). The resultant speed was higher in the vertical cone-shaped device in the concentric phase and the eccentric phase for the three moments of inertia (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the flywheel shaft type determines the mechanical output of the half squat exercise, regardless of the moment of inertia used. While a horizontal cylinder-shaped device is more suitable to achieve higher forces, especially in the eccentric phase, a vertical cone-shaped device can be used to achieve higher speeds during the execution of the exercise.

In this experimental work a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer is used to measure mode shapes and natural frequencies of beam bending vibrations above the critical frequency predicted by Timoshenko theory. Above the critical frequency the mode shapes are intricate, so to quantitative compare theoretical and experimental mode shapes, the modal assurance criterion (MAC) is applied. This reveals that the order of the modes is not as theory predicts, and that other plane modes can easily be misinterpreted as bending modes. This can lead to an incorrect comparison of natural frequencies. With the MAC tool it is found that the correlation between theoretical mode shapes and measured mode shapes is very high; It can be concluded that supercritical Timoshenko-predicted mode shapes agrees well with the experimentally observed modes, and the supercritical natural frequencies deviate from Timoshenko theory within five percent. Comparisons are made to other studies, and against a numerical 3D model.