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The authors adopt the resource-based view (RBV) and information processing theory to discover the problems that impact the capital structure of financial institutions in the UK. Five firm-level explanatory variables (profitability, size, tangibility, age, and growth) were selected. The relevant capital structure measure was then regressed against the dependent variable leverage (debt-to-equity ratio). Consequently, correlation and multivariate regressions are applied to firm financial data from the selected financial institutions during the fiscal years 2011–2022. The primary conclusions of the study indicate that important information resources management variables for financial institutions in the UK are profitability and size. While the two other factors, profitability and growth, exhibit negative associations with capital structure, the remaining four variables, tangibility, size, age, and profitability, did not. The study reveals that optimal determinants of information resources management enhance financial performance in the case of top UK banks.

The authors adopt the resource-based view (RBV) and information processing theory to discover the problems that impact the capital structure of financial institutions in the UK. Five firm-level explanatory variables (profitability, size, tangibility, age, and growth) were selected. The relevant capital structure measure was then regressed against the dependent variable leverage (debt-to-equity ratio). Consequently, correlation and multivariate regressions are applied to firm financial data from the selected financial institutions during the fiscal years 2011–2022. The primary conclusions of the study indicate that important information resources management variables for financial institutions in the UK are profitability and size. While the two other factors, profitability and growth, exhibit negative associations with capital structure, the remaining four variables, tangibility, size, age, and profitability, did not. The study reveals that optimal determinants of information resources management enhance financial performance in the case of top UK banks.

CD22, a member of Siglec family of sialic acid binding proteins, has restricted expression on B cells. Antibody-based agents targeting CD22 or CD20 on B lymphoma and leukemia cells exhibit clinical efficacy for treating these malignancies, but also attack normal B cells leading to immune deficiency. Here, we report a chemoenzymatic glycocalyx editing strategy to introduce high-affinity and specific CD22 ligands onto NK-92MI and cytokine-induced natural killer cells to achieve tumor-specific CD22 targeting. These CD22-ligand modified cells exhibited significantly enhanced tumor cell binding and killing in vitro without harming healthy B cells. For effective lymphoma cell killing in vivo, we further functionalized CD22 ligand-modified NK-92MI cells with the E-selectin ligand sialyl Lewis X to promote trafficking to bone marrow. The dual-functionalized cells resulted in the efficient suppression of B lymphoma in a xenograft model. Our results suggest that nature killer cells modified with glycan ligands to CD22 and selectins promote both targeted killing of B lymphoma cells and improved trafficking to sites where the cancer cells reside, respectively.

CD22, a member of Siglec family of sialic acid binding proteins, has restricted expression on B cells. Antibody-based agents targeting CD22 or CD20 on B lymphoma and leukemia cells exhibit clinical efficacy for treating these malignancies, but also attack normal B cells leading to immune deficiency. Here, we report a chemoenzymatic glycocalyx editing strategy to introduce high-affinity and specific CD22 ligands onto NK-92MI and cytokine-induced natural killer cells to achieve tumor-specific CD22 targeting. These CD22-ligand modified cells exhibited significantly enhanced tumor cell binding and killing in vitro without harming healthy B cells. For effective lymphoma cell killing in vivo, we further functionalized CD22 ligand-modified NK-92MI cells with the E-selectin ligand sialyl Lewis X to promote trafficking to bone marrow. The dual-functionalized cells resulted in the efficient suppression of B lymphoma in a xenograft model. Our results suggest that nature killer cells modified with glycan ligands to CD22 and selectins promote both targeted killing of B lymphoma cells and improved trafficking to sites where the cancer cells reside, respectively.

Two research questions are identified and discussed. Relevant factors that influence the customer preferences were selected as research objects, data collection was based on 348 valid questionnaires, SPSS software was used for data analysis by the means of the multivariate logistic research model. Customer intentions include delivery payment, delivery time, food quality and brand trust. Customer reviews are related to customer preferences. The delivery payment is the most important factor when customers use food delivery service, but different groups of people have different tendency compared with their counterparts. All variables are designed based on baseline categories; the outcome of the model is only significant while comparing two groups of variables. Multivariate logistic research model is used to find customer preferences under the different characteristic of customer groups based on questionnaires and tries to forecast the possibility of the tendency of one targeting customer group in Suzhou Industrial Park. This research conduct a questionnaire on the Suzhou industry park, the respondents are mainly students and white collars customers, the characteristics of respondents are typical in this area.

Two research questions are identified and discussed. Relevant factors that influence the customer preferences were selected as research objects, data collection was based on 348 valid questionnaires, SPSS software was used for data analysis by the means of the multivariate logistic research model. Customer intentions include delivery payment, delivery time, food quality and brand trust. Customer reviews are related to customer preferences. The delivery payment is the most important factor when customers use food delivery service, but different groups of people have different tendency compared with their counterparts. All variables are designed based on baseline categories; the outcome of the model is only significant while comparing two groups of variables. Multivariate logistic research model is used to find customer preferences under the different characteristic of customer groups based on questionnaires and tries to forecast the possibility of the tendency of one targeting customer group in Suzhou Industrial Park. This research conduct a questionnaire on the Suzhou industry park, the respondents are mainly students and white collars customers, the characteristics of respondents are typical in this area.

Yujie Shi,1,* Dong Peng,2,* Dan Wang,1 Zongmin Zhao,3 Binlong Chen,1 Bing He,1 Yukun Zhu,2 Kun Wang,2 Jie Tian,2 Qiang Zhang1 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China; 2CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jie TianCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-10-82618465Email tian@ieee.orgQiang ZhangBeijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-10-82802791Email zqdodo@bjmu.edu.cnIntroduction: Though widely studied for biomedical applications, the lack of current systemic studies on the in vivo fate of single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) largely restricts their further applications, as real-time monitoring of their biodistribution remains a big challenge. Here, we aim to customize a label-free multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) method and systematically survey the fate of oxidized SWCNHs (SWCNHox) following different exposure routes by whole body imaging.Methods: Mice were given a suspension of SWCNHox with an average size of 136.4 nm via four different administration routes, and then imaged by MSOT.Results: After oral gavage, SWCNHox were mainly distributed in the gastrointestinal tract then excreted through the gut. Compared with the observation post first dosing, the accumulation of SWCNHox in the gastrointestinal tract was not obvious even after four-time oral gavage. Almost no SWCNHox we

Yujie Shi,1,* Dong Peng,2,* Dan Wang,1 Zongmin Zhao,3 Binlong Chen,1 Bing He,1 Yukun Zhu,2 Kun Wang,2 Jie Tian,2 Qiang Zhang1 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of China; 2CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jie TianCAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-10-82618465Email tian@ieee.orgQiang ZhangBeijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-10-82802791Email zqdodo@bjmu.edu.cnIntroduction: Though widely studied for biomedical applications, the lack of current systemic studies on the in vivo fate of single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) largely restricts their further applications, as real-time monitoring of their biodistribution remains a big challenge. Here, we aim to customize a label-free multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) method and systematically survey the fate of oxidized SWCNHs (SWCNHox) following different exposure routes by whole body imaging.Methods: Mice were given a suspension of SWCNHox with an average size of 136.4 nm via four different administration routes, and then imaged by MSOT.Results: After oral gavage, SWCNHox were mainly distributed in the gastrointestinal tract then excreted through the gut. Compared with the observation post first dosing, the accumulation of SWCNHox in the gastrointestinal tract was not obvious even after four-time oral gavage. Almost no SWCNHox we

Siyang Song,1,2,* Hongzhe Fu,2,* Bing He,2 Dan Wang,3 Mengmeng Qin,2 Dan Yang,1,2 Dechun Liu,2 Ge Song,2 Yujie Shi,2 Hua Zhang,2 Xueqing Wang,2 Wenbing Dai,2 Qiang Zhang1,2 1School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; 2Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; 3Pharmaceutics Department, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Introduction: Endocytosis of nanomaterials is the first step of nano-bio interaction and current regulation is mostly by nanomaterials but seldom by intracellular signaling proteins. Materials and methods: Herein, we synthesized tubular nanocarbon (oxMWCNT) and lamellar-like nanocarbon (oxGRAPHENE) and formulated their aqueous dispersion. A549 and Caco-2 cells were selected as the models of tumor and intestinal epithelial cells, respectively. After knocking down three members of Rho GTPases (Cdc42, Rac1, RhoA) in these two cell lines, their silencing effects on the uptake pathways of nanomaterials with different morphologies were investigated. Results: An unexpected finding was that the knock-down led to opposite uptake trends in different types of cells. The endocytosis of carbon nanomaterials increased in Caco-2 cells when Rho GTPases were inactivated, while that in A549 cells decreased. For nanomaterials with different shapes, the involved GTPase member of Rho family, or regulating protein molecule, was different. Concretely, Cdc42 and Rac1 were involved in oxMWCNT endocytosis, while all three GTPases participated in oxGRAPHENE internalization. More interestingly, such difference induced different uptake pathways, namely, the cellular uptake of oxMWCNT was clathrin-mediated and oxGRAPHENE was caveolin-modulated, both with the involvement of dynamin. Conclusion

Siyang Song,1,2,* Hongzhe Fu,2,* Bing He,2 Dan Wang,3 Mengmeng Qin,2 Dan Yang,1,2 Dechun Liu,2 Ge Song,2 Yujie Shi,2 Hua Zhang,2 Xueqing Wang,2 Wenbing Dai,2 Qiang Zhang1,2 1School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; 2Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; 3Pharmaceutics Department, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Introduction: Endocytosis of nanomaterials is the first step of nano-bio interaction and current regulation is mostly by nanomaterials but seldom by intracellular signaling proteins. Materials and methods: Herein, we synthesized tubular nanocarbon (oxMWCNT) and lamellar-like nanocarbon (oxGRAPHENE) and formulated their aqueous dispersion. A549 and Caco-2 cells were selected as the models of tumor and intestinal epithelial cells, respectively. After knocking down three members of Rho GTPases (Cdc42, Rac1, RhoA) in these two cell lines, their silencing effects on the uptake pathways of nanomaterials with different morphologies were investigated. Results: An unexpected finding was that the knock-down led to opposite uptake trends in different types of cells. The endocytosis of carbon nanomaterials increased in Caco-2 cells when Rho GTPases were inactivated, while that in A549 cells decreased. For nanomaterials with different shapes, the involved GTPase member of Rho family, or regulating protein molecule, was different. Concretely, Cdc42 and Rac1 were involved in oxMWCNT endocytosis, while all three GTPases participated in oxGRAPHENE internalization. More interestingly, such difference induced different uptake pathways, namely, the cellular uptake of oxMWCNT was clathrin-mediated and oxGRAPHENE was caveolin-modulated, both with the involvement of dynamin. Conclusion

Yujie Shi,1 Zujin Shi,2 Suxin Li,1 Yuan Zhang,3 Bing He,1 Dong Peng,4 Jie Tian,4 Ming Zhao,5 Xueqing Wang,1 Qiang Zhang1 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA; 4Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs), which have multitudes of horn interstices, an extensive surface area, and a spherical aggregate structure, offer many advantages over other carbon nanomaterials being used as a drug nanovector. The previous studies on the interaction between SWCNHs and cells have mostly emphasized on cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking, but seldom on epithelial cells. Polar epithelium as a typical biological barrier constitutes the prime obstacle for the transport of therapeutic agents to target site. This work tried to explore the permeability of SWCNHs through polar epithelium and their abilities to modulate transcellular transport, and evaluate the potential of SWCNHs in drug delivery. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell monolayer was used as a polar epithelial cell model, and as-grown SWCNHs, together with oxidized and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated bovine serum albumin-labeled forms, were constructed and comprehensively investigated in vitro and in vivo. Various methods such as transmission electron microscopy and confocal imaging were used to visualize their intracellular upta

Yujie Shi,1 Zujin Shi,2 Suxin Li,1 Yuan Zhang,3 Bing He,1 Dong Peng,4 Jie Tian,4 Ming Zhao,5 Xueqing Wang,1 Qiang Zhang1 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA; 4Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs), which have multitudes of horn interstices, an extensive surface area, and a spherical aggregate structure, offer many advantages over other carbon nanomaterials being used as a drug nanovector. The previous studies on the interaction between SWCNHs and cells have mostly emphasized on cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking, but seldom on epithelial cells. Polar epithelium as a typical biological barrier constitutes the prime obstacle for the transport of therapeutic agents to target site. This work tried to explore the permeability of SWCNHs through polar epithelium and their abilities to modulate transcellular transport, and evaluate the potential of SWCNHs in drug delivery. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell monolayer was used as a polar epithelial cell model, and as-grown SWCNHs, together with oxidized and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated bovine serum albumin-labeled forms, were constructed and comprehensively investigated in vitro and in vivo. Various methods such as transmission electron microscopy and confocal imaging were used to visualize their intracellular upta