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1. An olfactory self-test effectively screens for COVID-19

Author

Snitz, K., Honigstein, D., Weissgross, R., Ravia, A., Mishor, E., Perl, O., Karagach, S., Medhanie, A., Harel, N., Shushan, S., Roth, Y., Iravani, B., Arshamian, A., Ernst, G., Okamoto, M., Poo, C., Bonacchi, N., Mainen, Z., Monteleone, E., Dinnella, C., Spinelli, S., Mariño-Sánchez, F., Ferdenzi, C., Smeets, M.A.M., Touhara, K., Bensafi, M., Hummel, T., Lundström, J.N., Sobel, N., Snitz, K., Honigstein, D., Weissgross, R., Ravia, A., Mishor, E., Perl, O., Karagach, S., Medhanie, A., Harel, N., Shushan, S., Roth, Y., Iravani, B., Arshamian, A., Ernst, G., Okamoto, M., Poo, C., Bonacchi, N., Mainen, Z., Monteleone, E., Dinnella, C., Spinelli, S., Mariño-Sánchez, F., Ferdenzi, C., Smeets, M.A.M., Touhara, K., Bensafi, M., Hummel, T., Lundström, J.N., and Sobel, N.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Key to curtailing the COVID-19 pandemic are wide-scale screening strategies. An ideal screen is one that would not rely on transporting, distributing, and collecting physical specimens. Given the olfactory impairment associated with COVID-19, we developed a perceptual measure of olfaction that relies on smelling household odorants and rating them online.METHODS: Each participant was instructed to select 5 household items, and rate their perceived odor pleasantness and intensity using an online visual analogue scale. We used this data to assign an olfactory perceptual fingerprint, a value that reflects the perceived difference between odorants. We tested the performance of this real-time tool in a total of 13,484 participants (462 COVID-19 positive) from 134 countries who provided 178,820 perceptual ratings of 60 different household odorants.RESULTS: We observe that olfactory ratings are indicative of COVID-19 status in a country, significantly correlating with national infection rates over time. More importantly, we observe indicative power at the individual level (79% sensitivity and 87% specificity). Critically, this olfactory screen remains effective in participants with COVID-19 but without symptoms, and in participants with symptoms but without COVID-19.CONCLUSIONS: The current odorant-based olfactory screen adds a component to online symptom-checkers, to potentially provide an added first line of defense that can help fight disease progression at the population level. The data derived from this tool may allow better understanding of the link between COVID-19 and olfaction.

Published
2022

2. An olfactory self-test effectively screens for COVID-19

Author

Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Smeets, Snitz, K., Honigstein, D., Weissgross, R., Ravia, A., Mishor, E., Perl, O., Karagach, S., Medhanie, A., Harel, N., Shushan, S., Roth, Y., Iravani, B., Arshamian, A., Ernst, G., Okamoto, M., Poo, C., Bonacchi, N., Mainen, Z., Monteleone, E., Dinnella, C., Spinelli, S., Mariño-Sánchez, F., Ferdenzi, C., Smeets, M.A.M., Touhara, K., Bensafi, M., Hummel, T., Lundström, J.N., Sobel, N., Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Smeets, Snitz, K., Honigstein, D., Weissgross, R., Ravia, A., Mishor, E., Perl, O., Karagach, S., Medhanie, A., Harel, N., Shushan, S., Roth, Y., Iravani, B., Arshamian, A., Ernst, G., Okamoto, M., Poo, C., Bonacchi, N., Mainen, Z., Monteleone, E., Dinnella, C., Spinelli, S., Mariño-Sánchez, F., Ferdenzi, C., Smeets, M.A.M., Touhara, K., Bensafi, M., Hummel, T., Lundström, J.N., and Sobel, N.

Published
2022

3. An olfactory self-test effectively screens for COVID-19

Author

Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Smeets, Snitz, K., Honigstein, D., Weissgross, R., Ravia, A., Mishor, E., Perl, O., Karagach, S., Medhanie, A., Harel, N., Shushan, S., Roth, Y., Iravani, B., Arshamian, A., Ernst, G., Okamoto, M., Poo, C., Bonacchi, N., Mainen, Z., Monteleone, E., Dinnella, C., Spinelli, S., Mariño-Sánchez, F., Ferdenzi, C., Smeets, M.A.M., Touhara, K., Bensafi, M., Hummel, T., Lundström, J.N., Sobel, N., Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Leerstoel Smeets, Snitz, K., Honigstein, D., Weissgross, R., Ravia, A., Mishor, E., Perl, O., Karagach, S., Medhanie, A., Harel, N., Shushan, S., Roth, Y., Iravani, B., Arshamian, A., Ernst, G., Okamoto, M., Poo, C., Bonacchi, N., Mainen, Z., Monteleone, E., Dinnella, C., Spinelli, S., Mariño-Sánchez, F., Ferdenzi, C., Smeets, M.A.M., Touhara, K., Bensafi, M., Hummel, T., Lundström, J.N., and Sobel, N.

Published
2022

4. Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers predict the deposition and progression of amyloid-β in cognitively unimpaired older adults

Author

Oberlin, L.E., Erickson, K.I., Mackey, R., Klunk, W.E., Aizenstein, H., Lopresti, B.J., Kuller, L.H., Lopez, O.L., Snitz, B.E., Oberlin, L.E., Erickson, K.I., Mackey, R., Klunk, W.E., Aizenstein, H., Lopresti, B.J., Kuller, L.H., Lopez, O.L., and Snitz, B.E.

Abstract

Introduction Systemic inflammation has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet the mechanistic and temporal specificity of this relationship is poorly understood. We aimed to characterize the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between peripheral inflammatory biomarkers, cognition, and Aβ deposition in oldest-old cognitively unimpaired (CU) adults. Methods A large sample of 139 CU older adults (mean age (range) = 85.4 (82–95)) underwent neuropsychological testing, Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB)-PET imaging and structural MRI. Hierarchical regression models examined associations between circulating inflammatory biomarkers (Interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor receptors 1 and 2 (sTNFr1 and sTNFr2), soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14), C-reactive protein (CRP)), cognition, and global and regional Aβ deposition at baseline and over follow-up. Indices of preclinical disease, including pathologic Aβ status and hippocampal volume, were incorporated to assess conditional associations. Results At baseline evaluation, higher concentrations of IL-6 and sTNFr2 were associated with greater global Aβ burden in those with lower hippocampal volume. In longitudinal models, IL-6 predicted subsequent conversion to MCI and both IL-6 and CRP predicted greater change in global and regional Aβ deposition specifically among participants PiB-positive at baseline. These relationships withstood adjustment for demographic factors, anti-hypertensive medication use, history of diabetes, heart disease, APOE ε4 carrier status, and white matter lesions. Discussion In a large prospective sample of CU adults aged 80 and over, peripheral inflammatory biomarkers were associated with and predictive of the progression of Aβ deposition. This was specific to those with biomarker evidence of preclinical AD at baseline, supporting recent evidence of disease-state-dependent differences in inflammatory expression profiles. Chronic, low-l

Published
2021

5. Erratum: Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population (Chem. Senses (2020) DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034)

Author

Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.

Abstract

This is a correction notice for article bjz034 (DOI: https://doi. org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa034), published on 22 May 2020. Due to an error in the script used to create subsections of Figure 1, there was both a shift in the intensity data and an erroneous calculation of error bars in all panels. Figure 1 and the accompanying figure legend have been revised to show the correct levels and error bars. This script error only affected visualization of the data in Figure 1 and did not impact the reported data or conclusions.(Figure Presented).

Published
2020

6. Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population

Author

Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.

Abstract

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, countries have implemented various strategies to reduce and slow the spread of the disease in the general population. For countries that have implemented restrictions on its population in a stepwise manner, monitoring of COVID-19 prevalence is of importance to guide the decision on when to impose new, or when to abolish old, restrictions. We are here determining whether measures of odor intensity in a large sample can serve as one such measure. Online measures of how intense common household odors are perceived and symptoms of COVID-19 were collected from 2440 Swedes. Average odor intensity ratings were then compared to predicted COVID-19 population prevalence over time in the Swedish population and were found to closely track each other (r = −0.83). Moreover, we found that there was a large difference in rated intensity between individuals with and without COVID-19 symptoms and the number of symptoms was related to odor intensity ratings. Finally, we found that individuals progressing from reporting no symptoms to subsequently reporting COVID-19 symptoms demonstrated a large drop in olfactory performance.These data suggest that measures of odor intensity, if obtained in a large and representative sample, can be used as an indicator of COVID-19 disease in the general population. Importantly, this simple measure could easily be implemented in countries without widespread access to COVID-19 testing or implemented as a fast early response before widespread testing can be facilitated.

Published
2020

7. APOE ε4 and the influence of sex, age, vascular risk factors, and ethnicity on cognitive decline

Author

Makkar, SR, Lipnicki, DM, Crawford, JD, Kochan, NA, Castro-Costa, E, Lima-Costa, MF, Diniz, BS, Brayne, C, Stephan, B, Matthews, F, Llibre-Rodriguez, JJ, Llibre-Guerra, JJ, Valhuerdi-Cepero, AJ, Lipton, RB, Katz, MJ, CuilingWang, Ritchie, K, Carles, S, Carriere, I, Scarmeas, N, Yannakoulia, M, Kosmidis, M, Lam, L, Chan, WC, Fung, A, Guaita, A, Vaccaro, R, Davin, A, Kim, KW, Han, JW, Suh, SW, Riedel-Heller, SG, Roehr, S, Pabst, A, Ganguli, M, Hughes, TF, Snitz, B, Anstey, KJ, Cherbuin, N, Easteal, S, Haan, MN, Aiello, AE, Dang, K, Ng, TP, Gao, Q, Nyunt, MSZ, Brodaty, H, Trollor, JN, Leung, Y, Lo, JW, Sachdev, P, Makkar, SR, Lipnicki, DM, Crawford, JD, Kochan, NA, Castro-Costa, E, Lima-Costa, MF, Diniz, BS, Brayne, C, Stephan, B, Matthews, F, Llibre-Rodriguez, JJ, Llibre-Guerra, JJ, Valhuerdi-Cepero, AJ, Lipton, RB, Katz, MJ, CuilingWang, Ritchie, K, Carles, S, Carriere, I, Scarmeas, N, Yannakoulia, M, Kosmidis, M, Lam, L, Chan, WC, Fung, A, Guaita, A, Vaccaro, R, Davin, A, Kim, KW, Han, JW, Suh, SW, Riedel-Heller, SG, Roehr, S, Pabst, A, Ganguli, M, Hughes, TF, Snitz, B, Anstey, KJ, Cherbuin, N, Easteal, S, Haan, MN, Aiello, AE, Dang, K, Ng, TP, Gao, Q, Nyunt, MSZ, Brodaty, H, Trollor, JN, Leung, Y, Lo, JW, and Sachdev, P

Abstract

We aimed to examine the relationship between Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE*4) carriage on cognitive decline, and whether these associations were moderated by sex, baseline age, ethnicity, and vascular risk factors. Participants were 19,225 individuals aged 54–103 years from 15 longitudinal cohort studies with a mean follow-up duration ranging between 1.2 and 10.7 years. Two-step individual participant data meta-analysis was used to pool results of study-wise analyses predicting memory and general cognitive decline from carriage of one or two APOE*4 alleles, and moderation of these associations by age, sex, vascular risk factors, and ethnicity. Separate pooled estimates were calculated in both men and women who were younger (ie, 62 years) and older (ie, 80 years) at baseline. Results showed that APOE*4 carriage was related to faster general cognitive decline in women, and faster memory decline in men. A stronger dose-dependent effect was observed in older men, with faster general cognitive and memory decline in those carrying two versus one APOE*4 allele. Vascular risk factors were related to an increased effect of APOE*4 on memory decline in younger women, but a weaker effect of APOE*4 on general cognitive decline in older men. The relationship between APOE*4 carriage and memory decline was larger in older-aged Asians than Whites. In sum, APOE*4 is related to cognitive decline in men and women, although these effects are enhanced by age and carriage of two APOE*4 alleles in men, a higher numbers of vascular risk factors during the early stages of late adulthood in women, and Asian ethnicity.

Published
2020

8. Estimating prevalence of subjective cognitive decline in and across international cohort studies of aging: a COSMIC study

Author

Röhr, S, Pabst, A, Riedel-Heller, SG, Jessen, F, Turana, Y, Handajani, YS, Brayne, C, Matthews, FE, Stephan, BCM, Lipton, RB, Katz, MJ, Wang, C, Guerchet, M, Preux, PM, Mbelesso, P, Ritchie, K, Ancelin, ML, Carrière, I, Guaita, A, Davin, A, Vaccaro, R, Kim, KW, Han, JW, Suh, SW, Shahar, S, Din, NC, Vanoh, D, van Boxtel, M, Köhler, S, Ganguli, M, Jacobsen, EP, Snitz, BE, Anstey, KJ, Cherbuin, N, Kumagai, S, Chen, S, Narazaki, K, Ng, TP, Gao, Q, Gwee, X, Brodaty, H, Kochan, NA, Trollor, J, Lobo, A, López-Antón, R, Santabárbara, J, Crawford, JD, Lipnicki, DM, Sachdev, PS, Röhr, S, Pabst, A, Riedel-Heller, SG, Jessen, F, Turana, Y, Handajani, YS, Brayne, C, Matthews, FE, Stephan, BCM, Lipton, RB, Katz, MJ, Wang, C, Guerchet, M, Preux, PM, Mbelesso, P, Ritchie, K, Ancelin, ML, Carrière, I, Guaita, A, Davin, A, Vaccaro, R, Kim, KW, Han, JW, Suh, SW, Shahar, S, Din, NC, Vanoh, D, van Boxtel, M, Köhler, S, Ganguli, M, Jacobsen, EP, Snitz, BE, Anstey, KJ, Cherbuin, N, Kumagai, S, Chen, S, Narazaki, K, Ng, TP, Gao, Q, Gwee, X, Brodaty, H, Kochan, NA, Trollor, J, Lobo, A, López-Antón, R, Santabárbara, J, Crawford, JD, Lipnicki, DM, and Sachdev, PS

Abstract

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is recognized as a risk stage for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias, but its prevalence is not well known. We aimed to use uniform criteria to better estimate SCD prevalence across international cohorts. Methods: We combined individual participant data for 16 cohorts from 15 countries (members of the COSMIC consortium) and used qualitative and quantitative (Item Response Theory/IRT) harmonization techniques to estimate SCD prevalence. Results: The sample comprised 39,387 cognitively unimpaired individuals above age 60. The prevalence of SCD across studies was around one quarter with both qualitative harmonization/QH (23.8%, 95%CI = 23.3–24.4%) and IRT (25.6%, 95%CI = 25.1–26.1%); however, prevalence estimates varied largely between studies (QH 6.1%, 95%CI = 5.1–7.0%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4–58.0%; IRT: 7.8%, 95%CI = 6.8–8.9%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4–58.0%). Across studies, SCD prevalence was higher in men than women, in lower levels of education, in Asian and Black African people compared to White people, in lower- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries, and in studies conducted in later decades. Conclusions: SCD is frequent in old age. Having a quarter of older individuals with SCD warrants further investigation of its significance, as a risk stage for AD and other dementias, and of ways to help individuals with SCD who seek medical advice. Moreover, a standardized instrument to measure SCD is needed to overcome the measurement variability currently dominant in the field.

Published
2020

9. Relationship Between Odor Intensity Estimates and COVID-19 Prevalence Prediction in a Swedish Population

Author

Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.

Abstract

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, countries have implemented various strategies to reduce and slow the spread of the disease in the general population. For countries that have implemented restrictions on its population in a stepwise manner, monitoring of COVID-19 prevalence is of importance to guide the decision on when to impose new, or when to abolish old, restrictions. We are here determining whether measures of odor intensity in a large sample can serve as one such measure. Online measures of how intense common household odors are perceived and symptoms of COVID-19 were collected from 2440 Swedes. Average odor intensity ratings were then compared to predicted COVID-19 population prevalence over time in the Swedish population and were found to closely track each other (r = -0.83). Moreover, we found that there was a large difference in rated intensity between individuals with and without COVID-19 symptoms and the number of symptoms was related to odor intensity ratings. Finally, we found that individuals progressing from reporting no symptoms to subsequently reporting COVID-19 symptoms demonstrated a large drop in olfactory performance. These data suggest that measures of odor intensity, if obtained in a large and representative sample, can be used as an indicator of COVID-19 disease in the general population. Importantly, this simple measure could easily be implemented in countries without widespread access to COVID-19 testing or implemented as a fast early response before widespread testing can be facilitated.

Published
2020
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10. Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population

Author

Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.

Published
2020

11. Erratum: Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population (Chem. Senses (2020) DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034)

Author

Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.

Published
2020

12. Estimating prevalence of subjective cognitive decline in and across international cohort studies of aging: a COSMIC study

Author

Röhr, Susanne, Pabst, Alexander, Riedel-Heller, Steffi Gerlinde, Jessen, Frank, Turana, Yuda, Handajani, Yvonne S., Brayne, Carol, Matthews, Fiona E., Stephan, Blossom C. M., Lipton, Richard B., Katz, Mindy J., Wang, Cuiling, Guerchet, Maëlenn, Preux, Pierre-Marie, Mbelesso, Pascal, Ritchie, Karen, Ancelin, Marie-Laure, Carrière, Isabelle, Guaita, Antonio, Davin, Annalisa, Vaccaro, Roberta, Kim, Ki Woong, Han, Ji Won, Suh, Seung Wan, Shahar, Suzana, Din, Normah C., Vanoh, Divya, van Boxtel, Martin, Köhler, Sebastian, Ganguli, Mary, Jacobsen, Erin P., Snitz, Beth E., Anstey, Kaarin J., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Kumagai, Shuzo, Chen, Sanmei, Narazaki, Kenji, Ng, Tze Pin, Gao, Qi, Gwee, Xinyi, Brodaty, Herny, Kochan, Nicole A., Trollor, Julian, Lobo, Antonio, López-Antón, Raúl, Santabárbara, Javier, Crawford, John D., Lipnicki, Darren M., Sachdev, Perminder S., Röhr, Susanne, Pabst, Alexander, Riedel-Heller, Steffi Gerlinde, Jessen, Frank, Turana, Yuda, Handajani, Yvonne S., Brayne, Carol, Matthews, Fiona E., Stephan, Blossom C. M., Lipton, Richard B., Katz, Mindy J., Wang, Cuiling, Guerchet, Maëlenn, Preux, Pierre-Marie, Mbelesso, Pascal, Ritchie, Karen, Ancelin, Marie-Laure, Carrière, Isabelle, Guaita, Antonio, Davin, Annalisa, Vaccaro, Roberta, Kim, Ki Woong, Han, Ji Won, Suh, Seung Wan, Shahar, Suzana, Din, Normah C., Vanoh, Divya, van Boxtel, Martin, Köhler, Sebastian, Ganguli, Mary, Jacobsen, Erin P., Snitz, Beth E., Anstey, Kaarin J., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Kumagai, Shuzo, Chen, Sanmei, Narazaki, Kenji, Ng, Tze Pin, Gao, Qi, Gwee, Xinyi, Brodaty, Herny, Kochan, Nicole A., Trollor, Julian, Lobo, Antonio, López-Antón, Raúl, Santabárbara, Javier, Crawford, John D., Lipnicki, Darren M., and Sachdev, Perminder S.

Abstract

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is recognized as a risk stage for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias, but its prevalence is not well known. We aimed to use uniform criteria to better estimate SCD prevalence across international cohorts. Methods: We combined individual participant data for 16 cohorts from 15 countries (members of the COSMIC consortium) and used qualitative and quantitative (Item Response Theory/IRT) harmonization techniques to estimate SCD prevalence. Results: The sample comprised 39,387 cognitively unimpaired individuals above age 60. The prevalence of SCD across studies was around one quarter with both qualitative harmonization/QH (23.8%, 95%CI = 23.3–24.4%) and IRT (25.6%, 95%CI = 25.1–26.1%); however, prevalence estimates varied largely between studies (QH 6.1%, 95%CI = 5.1–7.0%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4–58.0%; IRT: 7.8%, 95%CI = 6.8–8.9%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4–58.0%). Across studies, SCD prevalence was higher in men than women, in lower levels of education, in Asian and Black African people compared to White people, in lower- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries, and in studies conducted in later decades. Conclusions: SCD is frequent in old age. Having a quarter of older individuals with SCD warrants further investigation of its significance, as a risk stage for AD and other dementias, and of ways to help individuals with SCD who seek medical advice. Moreover, a standardized instrument to measure SCD is needed to overcome the measurement variability currently dominant in the field.

Published
2020

13. Estimating prevalence of subjective cognitive decline in and across international cohort studies of aging: a COSMIC study

Author

Röhr, Susanne, Pabst, Alexander, Riedel-Heller, Steffi Gerlinde, Jessen, Frank, Turana, Yuda, Handajani, Yvonne S., Brayne, Carol, Matthews, Fiona E., Stephan, Blossom C. M., Lipton, Richard B., Katz, Mindy J., Wang, Cuiling, Guerchet, Maëlenn, Preux, Pierre-Marie, Mbelesso, Pascal, Ritchie, Karen, Ancelin, Marie-Laure, Carrière, Isabelle, Guaita, Antonio, Davin, Annalisa, Vaccaro, Roberta, Kim, Ki Woong, Han, Ji Won, Suh, Seung Wan, Shahar, Suzana, Din, Normah C., Vanoh, Divya, van Boxtel, Martin, Köhler, Sebastian, Ganguli, Mary, Jacobsen, Erin P., Snitz, Beth E., Anstey, Kaarin J., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Kumagai, Shuzo, Chen, Sanmei, Narazaki, Kenji, Ng, Tze Pin, Gao, Qi, Gwee, Xinyi, Brodaty, Herny, Kochan, Nicole A., Trollor, Julian, Lobo, Antonio, López-Antón, Raúl, Santabárbara, Javier, Crawford, John D., Lipnicki, Darren M., Sachdev, Perminder S., Röhr, Susanne, Pabst, Alexander, Riedel-Heller, Steffi Gerlinde, Jessen, Frank, Turana, Yuda, Handajani, Yvonne S., Brayne, Carol, Matthews, Fiona E., Stephan, Blossom C. M., Lipton, Richard B., Katz, Mindy J., Wang, Cuiling, Guerchet, Maëlenn, Preux, Pierre-Marie, Mbelesso, Pascal, Ritchie, Karen, Ancelin, Marie-Laure, Carrière, Isabelle, Guaita, Antonio, Davin, Annalisa, Vaccaro, Roberta, Kim, Ki Woong, Han, Ji Won, Suh, Seung Wan, Shahar, Suzana, Din, Normah C., Vanoh, Divya, van Boxtel, Martin, Köhler, Sebastian, Ganguli, Mary, Jacobsen, Erin P., Snitz, Beth E., Anstey, Kaarin J., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Kumagai, Shuzo, Chen, Sanmei, Narazaki, Kenji, Ng, Tze Pin, Gao, Qi, Gwee, Xinyi, Brodaty, Herny, Kochan, Nicole A., Trollor, Julian, Lobo, Antonio, López-Antón, Raúl, Santabárbara, Javier, Crawford, John D., Lipnicki, Darren M., and Sachdev, Perminder S.

Abstract

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is recognized as a risk stage for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias, but its prevalence is not well known. We aimed to use uniform criteria to better estimate SCD prevalence across international cohorts. Methods: We combined individual participant data for 16 cohorts from 15 countries (members of the COSMIC consortium) and used qualitative and quantitative (Item Response Theory/IRT) harmonization techniques to estimate SCD prevalence. Results: The sample comprised 39,387 cognitively unimpaired individuals above age 60. The prevalence of SCD across studies was around one quarter with both qualitative harmonization/QH (23.8%, 95%CI = 23.3–24.4%) and IRT (25.6%, 95%CI = 25.1–26.1%); however, prevalence estimates varied largely between studies (QH 6.1%, 95%CI = 5.1–7.0%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4–58.0%; IRT: 7.8%, 95%CI = 6.8–8.9%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4–58.0%). Across studies, SCD prevalence was higher in men than women, in lower levels of education, in Asian and Black African people compared to White people, in lower- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries, and in studies conducted in later decades. Conclusions: SCD is frequent in old age. Having a quarter of older individuals with SCD warrants further investigation of its significance, as a risk stage for AD and other dementias, and of ways to help individuals with SCD who seek medical advice. Moreover, a standardized instrument to measure SCD is needed to overcome the measurement variability currently dominant in the field.

Published
2020

14. Estimating prevalence of subjective cognitive decline in and across international cohort studies of aging: a COSMIC study

Author

Roehr, Susanne, Pabst, Alexander, Riedel-Heller, Steffi G., Jessen, Frank, Turana, Yuda, Handajani, Yvonne S., Brayne, Carol, Matthews, Fiona E., Stephan, Blossom C. M., Lipton, Richard B., Katz, Mindy J., Wang, Cuiling, Guerchet, Maelenn, Preux, Pierre-Marie, Mbelesso, Pascal, Ritchie, Karen, Ancelin, Marie-Laure, Carriere, Isabelle, Guaita, Antonio, Davin, Annalisa, Vaccaro, Roberta, Kim, Ki Woong, Han, Ji Won, Suh, Seung Wan, Shahar, Suzana, Din, Normah C., Vanoh, Divya, van Boxtel, Martin, Koehler, Sebastian, Ganguli, Mary, Jacobsen, Erin P., Snitz, Beth E., Anstey, Kaarin J., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Kumagai, Shuzo, Chen, Sanmei, Narazaki, Kenji, Ng, Tze Pin, Gao, Qi, Gwee, Xinyi, Brodaty, Henry, Kochan, Nicole A., Trollor, Julian, Lobo, Antonio, Lopez-Anton, Raul, Santabarbara, Javier, Crawford, John D., Lipnicki, Darren M., Sachdev, Perminder S., Roehr, Susanne, Pabst, Alexander, Riedel-Heller, Steffi G., Jessen, Frank, Turana, Yuda, Handajani, Yvonne S., Brayne, Carol, Matthews, Fiona E., Stephan, Blossom C. M., Lipton, Richard B., Katz, Mindy J., Wang, Cuiling, Guerchet, Maelenn, Preux, Pierre-Marie, Mbelesso, Pascal, Ritchie, Karen, Ancelin, Marie-Laure, Carriere, Isabelle, Guaita, Antonio, Davin, Annalisa, Vaccaro, Roberta, Kim, Ki Woong, Han, Ji Won, Suh, Seung Wan, Shahar, Suzana, Din, Normah C., Vanoh, Divya, van Boxtel, Martin, Koehler, Sebastian, Ganguli, Mary, Jacobsen, Erin P., Snitz, Beth E., Anstey, Kaarin J., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Kumagai, Shuzo, Chen, Sanmei, Narazaki, Kenji, Ng, Tze Pin, Gao, Qi, Gwee, Xinyi, Brodaty, Henry, Kochan, Nicole A., Trollor, Julian, Lobo, Antonio, Lopez-Anton, Raul, Santabarbara, Javier, Crawford, John D., Lipnicki, Darren M., and Sachdev, Perminder S.

Abstract

Background Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is recognized as a risk stage for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias, but its prevalence is not well known. We aimed to use uniform criteria to better estimate SCD prevalence across international cohorts. Methods We combined individual participant data for 16 cohorts from 15 countries (members of the COSMIC consortium) and used qualitative and quantitative (Item Response Theory/IRT) harmonization techniques to estimate SCD prevalence. Results The sample comprised 39,387 cognitively unimpaired individuals above age 60. The prevalence of SCD across studies was around one quarter with both qualitative harmonization/QH (23.8%, 95%CI = 23.3-24.4%) and IRT (25.6%, 95%CI = 25.1-26.1%); however, prevalence estimates varied largely between studies (QH 6.1%, 95%CI = 5.1-7.0%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4-58.0%; IRT: 7.8%, 95%CI = 6.8-8.9%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4-58.0%). Across studies, SCD prevalence was higher in men than women, in lower levels of education, in Asian and Black African people compared to White people, in lower- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries, and in studies conducted in later decades. Conclusions SCD is frequent in old age. Having a quarter of older individuals with SCD warrants further investigation of its significance, as a risk stage for AD and other dementias, and of ways to help individuals with SCD who seek medical advice. Moreover, a standardized instrument to measure SCD is needed to overcome the measurement variability currently dominant in the field.

Published
2020

15. Relationship Between Odor Intensity Estimates and COVID-19 Prevalence Prediction in a Swedish Population (vol 45, bjaa034, 2020)

Author

Iravani, B, Arshamian, A, Ravia, A, Mishor, E, Snitz, K, Shushan, S, Roth, Y, Perl, O, Honigstein, D, Weissgross, R, Karagach, S, Ernst, G, Okamoto, M, Mainen, Z, Monteleone, E, Dinnella, C, Spinelli, S, Marino-Sanchez, F, Ferdenzi, C, Smeets, M, Touhara, K, Bensafi, M, Hummel, T, Sobel, N, Lundstrom, JN, Iravani, B, Arshamian, A, Ravia, A, Mishor, E, Snitz, K, Shushan, S, Roth, Y, Perl, O, Honigstein, D, Weissgross, R, Karagach, S, Ernst, G, Okamoto, M, Mainen, Z, Monteleone, E, Dinnella, C, Spinelli, S, Marino-Sanchez, F, Ferdenzi, C, Smeets, M, Touhara, K, Bensafi, M, Hummel, T, Sobel, N, and Lundstrom, JN

Published
2020

16. Human Olfaction without Apparent Olfactory Bulbs

Author

Weiss, T, Soroka, T, Gorodisky, L, Shushan, S, Snitz, K, Weissgross, R, Furman-Haran, E, Dhollander, T, Sobel, N, Weiss, T, Soroka, T, Gorodisky, L, Shushan, S, Snitz, K, Weissgross, R, Furman-Haran, E, Dhollander, T, and Sobel, N

Abstract

The olfactory bulbs (OBs) are the first site of odor representation in the mammalian brain, and their unique ultrastructure is considered a necessary substrate for spatiotemporal coding of smell. Given this, we were struck by the serendipitous observation at MRI of two otherwise healthy young left-handed women, yet with no apparent OBs. Standardized tests revealed normal odor awareness, detection, discrimination, identification, and representation. Functional MRI of these women's brains revealed that odorant-induced activity in piriform cortex, the primary OB target, was similar in its extent to that of intact controls. Finally, review of a public brain-MRI database with 1,113 participants (606 women) also tested for olfactory performance, uncovered olfaction without anatomically defined OBs in ∼0.6% of women and ∼4.25% of left-handed women. Thus, humans can perform the basic facets of olfaction without canonical OBs, implying extreme plasticity in the functional neuroanatomy of this sensory system.

Published
2020

17. Relationship Between Odor Intensity Estimates and COVID-19 Prevalence Prediction in a Swedish Population

Author

Iravani, B, Arshamian, A, Ravia, A, Mishor, E, Snitz, K, Shushan, S, Roth, Y, Perl, O, Honigstein, D, Weissgross, R, Karagach, S, Ernst, G, Okamoto, M, Mainen, Z, Monteleone, E, Dinnella, C, Spinelli, S, Marino-Sanchez, F, Ferdenzi, C, Smeets, M, Touhara, K, Bensafi, M, Hummel, T, Sobel, N, Lundstrom, JN, Iravani, B, Arshamian, A, Ravia, A, Mishor, E, Snitz, K, Shushan, S, Roth, Y, Perl, O, Honigstein, D, Weissgross, R, Karagach, S, Ernst, G, Okamoto, M, Mainen, Z, Monteleone, E, Dinnella, C, Spinelli, S, Marino-Sanchez, F, Ferdenzi, C, Smeets, M, Touhara, K, Bensafi, M, Hummel, T, Sobel, N, and Lundstrom, JN

Abstract

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries have implemented various strategies to reduce and slow the spread of the disease in the general population. For countries that have implemented restrictions on its population in a step-wise manner, monitoring of COVID-19 prevalence is of importance to guide decision on when to impose new, or when to abolish old, restrictions. We are here determining whether measures of odor intensity in a large sample can serve as one such measure. Online measures of how intense common household odors are perceived and symptoms of COVID-19 were collected from 2440 Swedes. Average odor intensity ratings were then compared to predicted COVID-19 population prevalence over time in the Swedish population and were found to closely track each other (r=-0.83). Moreover, we found that there was a large difference in rated intensity between individuals with and without COVID-19 symptoms and number of symptoms was related to odor intensity ratings. Finally, we found that individuals progressing from reporting no symptoms to subsequently reporting COVID-19 symptoms demonstrated a large drop in olfactory performance. These data suggest that measures of odor intensity, if obtained in a large and representative sample, can be used as an indicator of COVID-19 disease in the general population. Importantly, this simple measure could easily be implemented in countries without widespread access to COVID-19 testing or implemented as a fast early response before wide-spread testing can be facilitated.

Published
2020

18. Erratum: Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population (Chem. Senses (2020) DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034)

Author

Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.

Published
2020

19. Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population

Author

Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.

Published
2020

20. Estimating prevalence of subjective cognitive decline in and across international cohort studies of aging: a COSMIC study

Author

Röhr, Susanne, Pabst, Alexander, Riedel-Heller, Steffi Gerlinde, Jessen, Frank, Turana, Yuda, Handajani, Yvonne S., Brayne, Carol, Matthews, Fiona E., Stephan, Blossom C. M., Lipton, Richard B., Katz, Mindy J., Wang, Cuiling, Guerchet, Maëlenn, Preux, Pierre-Marie, Mbelesso, Pascal, Ritchie, Karen, Ancelin, Marie-Laure, Carrière, Isabelle, Guaita, Antonio, Davin, Annalisa, Vaccaro, Roberta, Kim, Ki Woong, Han, Ji Won, Suh, Seung Wan, Shahar, Suzana, Din, Normah C., Vanoh, Divya, van Boxtel, Martin, Köhler, Sebastian, Ganguli, Mary, Jacobsen, Erin P., Snitz, Beth E., Anstey, Kaarin J., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Kumagai, Shuzo, Chen, Sanmei, Narazaki, Kenji, Ng, Tze Pin, Gao, Qi, Gwee, Xinyi, Brodaty, Herny, Kochan, Nicole A., Trollor, Julian, Lobo, Antonio, López-Antón, Raúl, Santabárbara, Javier, Crawford, John D., Lipnicki, Darren M., Sachdev, Perminder S., Röhr, Susanne, Pabst, Alexander, Riedel-Heller, Steffi Gerlinde, Jessen, Frank, Turana, Yuda, Handajani, Yvonne S., Brayne, Carol, Matthews, Fiona E., Stephan, Blossom C. M., Lipton, Richard B., Katz, Mindy J., Wang, Cuiling, Guerchet, Maëlenn, Preux, Pierre-Marie, Mbelesso, Pascal, Ritchie, Karen, Ancelin, Marie-Laure, Carrière, Isabelle, Guaita, Antonio, Davin, Annalisa, Vaccaro, Roberta, Kim, Ki Woong, Han, Ji Won, Suh, Seung Wan, Shahar, Suzana, Din, Normah C., Vanoh, Divya, van Boxtel, Martin, Köhler, Sebastian, Ganguli, Mary, Jacobsen, Erin P., Snitz, Beth E., Anstey, Kaarin J., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Kumagai, Shuzo, Chen, Sanmei, Narazaki, Kenji, Ng, Tze Pin, Gao, Qi, Gwee, Xinyi, Brodaty, Herny, Kochan, Nicole A., Trollor, Julian, Lobo, Antonio, López-Antón, Raúl, Santabárbara, Javier, Crawford, John D., Lipnicki, Darren M., and Sachdev, Perminder S.

Abstract

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is recognized as a risk stage for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias, but its prevalence is not well known. We aimed to use uniform criteria to better estimate SCD prevalence across international cohorts. Methods: We combined individual participant data for 16 cohorts from 15 countries (members of the COSMIC consortium) and used qualitative and quantitative (Item Response Theory/IRT) harmonization techniques to estimate SCD prevalence. Results: The sample comprised 39,387 cognitively unimpaired individuals above age 60. The prevalence of SCD across studies was around one quarter with both qualitative harmonization/QH (23.8%, 95%CI = 23.3–24.4%) and IRT (25.6%, 95%CI = 25.1–26.1%); however, prevalence estimates varied largely between studies (QH 6.1%, 95%CI = 5.1–7.0%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4–58.0%; IRT: 7.8%, 95%CI = 6.8–8.9%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4–58.0%). Across studies, SCD prevalence was higher in men than women, in lower levels of education, in Asian and Black African people compared to White people, in lower- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries, and in studies conducted in later decades. Conclusions: SCD is frequent in old age. Having a quarter of older individuals with SCD warrants further investigation of its significance, as a risk stage for AD and other dementias, and of ways to help individuals with SCD who seek medical advice. Moreover, a standardized instrument to measure SCD is needed to overcome the measurement variability currently dominant in the field.

Published
2020

21. Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population

Author

Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.

Published
2020

22. Erratum: Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population (Chem. Senses (2020) DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034)

Author

Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.

Published
2020

23. Estimating prevalence of subjective cognitive decline in and across international cohort studies of aging: a COSMIC study

Author

Roehr, Susanne, Pabst, Alexander, Riedel-Heller, Steffi G., Jessen, Frank, Turana, Yuda, Handajani, Yvonne S., Brayne, Carol, Matthews, Fiona E., Stephan, Blossom C. M., Lipton, Richard B., Katz, Mindy J., Wang, Cuiling, Guerchet, Maelenn, Preux, Pierre-Marie, Mbelesso, Pascal, Ritchie, Karen, Ancelin, Marie-Laure, Carriere, Isabelle, Guaita, Antonio, Davin, Annalisa, Vaccaro, Roberta, Kim, Ki Woong, Han, Ji Won, Suh, Seung Wan, Shahar, Suzana, Din, Normah C., Vanoh, Divya, van Boxtel, Martin, Koehler, Sebastian, Ganguli, Mary, Jacobsen, Erin P., Snitz, Beth E., Anstey, Kaarin J., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Kumagai, Shuzo, Chen, Sanmei, Narazaki, Kenji, Ng, Tze Pin, Gao, Qi, Gwee, Xinyi, Brodaty, Henry, Kochan, Nicole A., Trollor, Julian, Lobo, Antonio, Lopez-Anton, Raul, Santabarbara, Javier, Crawford, John D., Lipnicki, Darren M., Sachdev, Perminder S., Roehr, Susanne, Pabst, Alexander, Riedel-Heller, Steffi G., Jessen, Frank, Turana, Yuda, Handajani, Yvonne S., Brayne, Carol, Matthews, Fiona E., Stephan, Blossom C. M., Lipton, Richard B., Katz, Mindy J., Wang, Cuiling, Guerchet, Maelenn, Preux, Pierre-Marie, Mbelesso, Pascal, Ritchie, Karen, Ancelin, Marie-Laure, Carriere, Isabelle, Guaita, Antonio, Davin, Annalisa, Vaccaro, Roberta, Kim, Ki Woong, Han, Ji Won, Suh, Seung Wan, Shahar, Suzana, Din, Normah C., Vanoh, Divya, van Boxtel, Martin, Koehler, Sebastian, Ganguli, Mary, Jacobsen, Erin P., Snitz, Beth E., Anstey, Kaarin J., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Kumagai, Shuzo, Chen, Sanmei, Narazaki, Kenji, Ng, Tze Pin, Gao, Qi, Gwee, Xinyi, Brodaty, Henry, Kochan, Nicole A., Trollor, Julian, Lobo, Antonio, Lopez-Anton, Raul, Santabarbara, Javier, Crawford, John D., Lipnicki, Darren M., and Sachdev, Perminder S.

Abstract

Background Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is recognized as a risk stage for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias, but its prevalence is not well known. We aimed to use uniform criteria to better estimate SCD prevalence across international cohorts. Methods We combined individual participant data for 16 cohorts from 15 countries (members of the COSMIC consortium) and used qualitative and quantitative (Item Response Theory/IRT) harmonization techniques to estimate SCD prevalence. Results The sample comprised 39,387 cognitively unimpaired individuals above age 60. The prevalence of SCD across studies was around one quarter with both qualitative harmonization/QH (23.8%, 95%CI = 23.3-24.4%) and IRT (25.6%, 95%CI = 25.1-26.1%); however, prevalence estimates varied largely between studies (QH 6.1%, 95%CI = 5.1-7.0%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4-58.0%; IRT: 7.8%, 95%CI = 6.8-8.9%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4-58.0%). Across studies, SCD prevalence was higher in men than women, in lower levels of education, in Asian and Black African people compared to White people, in lower- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries, and in studies conducted in later decades. Conclusions SCD is frequent in old age. Having a quarter of older individuals with SCD warrants further investigation of its significance, as a risk stage for AD and other dementias, and of ways to help individuals with SCD who seek medical advice. Moreover, a standardized instrument to measure SCD is needed to overcome the measurement variability currently dominant in the field.

Published
2020

24. Estimating prevalence of subjective cognitive decline in and across international cohort studies of aging: a COSMIC study

Author

Röhr, Susanne, Pabst, Alexander, Riedel-Heller, Steffi Gerlinde, Jessen, Frank, Turana, Yuda, Handajani, Yvonne S., Brayne, Carol, Matthews, Fiona E., Stephan, Blossom C. M., Lipton, Richard B., Katz, Mindy J., Wang, Cuiling, Guerchet, Maëlenn, Preux, Pierre-Marie, Mbelesso, Pascal, Ritchie, Karen, Ancelin, Marie-Laure, Carrière, Isabelle, Guaita, Antonio, Davin, Annalisa, Vaccaro, Roberta, Kim, Ki Woong, Han, Ji Won, Suh, Seung Wan, Shahar, Suzana, Din, Normah C., Vanoh, Divya, van Boxtel, Martin, Köhler, Sebastian, Ganguli, Mary, Jacobsen, Erin P., Snitz, Beth E., Anstey, Kaarin J., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Kumagai, Shuzo, Chen, Sanmei, Narazaki, Kenji, Ng, Tze Pin, Gao, Qi, Gwee, Xinyi, Brodaty, Herny, Kochan, Nicole A., Trollor, Julian, Lobo, Antonio, López-Antón, Raúl, Santabárbara, Javier, Crawford, John D., Lipnicki, Darren M., Sachdev, Perminder S., Röhr, Susanne, Pabst, Alexander, Riedel-Heller, Steffi Gerlinde, Jessen, Frank, Turana, Yuda, Handajani, Yvonne S., Brayne, Carol, Matthews, Fiona E., Stephan, Blossom C. M., Lipton, Richard B., Katz, Mindy J., Wang, Cuiling, Guerchet, Maëlenn, Preux, Pierre-Marie, Mbelesso, Pascal, Ritchie, Karen, Ancelin, Marie-Laure, Carrière, Isabelle, Guaita, Antonio, Davin, Annalisa, Vaccaro, Roberta, Kim, Ki Woong, Han, Ji Won, Suh, Seung Wan, Shahar, Suzana, Din, Normah C., Vanoh, Divya, van Boxtel, Martin, Köhler, Sebastian, Ganguli, Mary, Jacobsen, Erin P., Snitz, Beth E., Anstey, Kaarin J., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Kumagai, Shuzo, Chen, Sanmei, Narazaki, Kenji, Ng, Tze Pin, Gao, Qi, Gwee, Xinyi, Brodaty, Herny, Kochan, Nicole A., Trollor, Julian, Lobo, Antonio, López-Antón, Raúl, Santabárbara, Javier, Crawford, John D., Lipnicki, Darren M., and Sachdev, Perminder S.

Abstract

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is recognized as a risk stage for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias, but its prevalence is not well known. We aimed to use uniform criteria to better estimate SCD prevalence across international cohorts. Methods: We combined individual participant data for 16 cohorts from 15 countries (members of the COSMIC consortium) and used qualitative and quantitative (Item Response Theory/IRT) harmonization techniques to estimate SCD prevalence. Results: The sample comprised 39,387 cognitively unimpaired individuals above age 60. The prevalence of SCD across studies was around one quarter with both qualitative harmonization/QH (23.8%, 95%CI = 23.3–24.4%) and IRT (25.6%, 95%CI = 25.1–26.1%); however, prevalence estimates varied largely between studies (QH 6.1%, 95%CI = 5.1–7.0%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4–58.0%; IRT: 7.8%, 95%CI = 6.8–8.9%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4–58.0%). Across studies, SCD prevalence was higher in men than women, in lower levels of education, in Asian and Black African people compared to White people, in lower- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries, and in studies conducted in later decades. Conclusions: SCD is frequent in old age. Having a quarter of older individuals with SCD warrants further investigation of its significance, as a risk stage for AD and other dementias, and of ways to help individuals with SCD who seek medical advice. Moreover, a standardized instrument to measure SCD is needed to overcome the measurement variability currently dominant in the field.

Published
2020

25. Implementation of subjective cognitive decline criteria in research studies

Author

Molinuevo, Jose L., Rabin, Laura A., Amariglio, Rebecca, Buckley, Rachel, Dubois, Bruno, Ellis, Kathryn A., Ewers, Michael, Hampel, Harald, Kloeppel, Stefan, Rami, Lorena, Reisberg, Barry, Saykin, Andrew J., Sikkes, Sietske, Smart, Colette M., Snitz, Beth E., Sperling, Reisa, van der Flier, Wiesje M., Wagner, Michael, Jessen, Frank, Molinuevo, Jose L., Rabin, Laura A., Amariglio, Rebecca, Buckley, Rachel, Dubois, Bruno, Ellis, Kathryn A., Ewers, Michael, Hampel, Harald, Kloeppel, Stefan, Rami, Lorena, Reisberg, Barry, Saykin, Andrew J., Sikkes, Sietske, Smart, Colette M., Snitz, Beth E., Sperling, Reisa, van der Flier, Wiesje M., Wagner, Michael, and Jessen, Frank

Abstract

Introduction: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) manifesting before clinical impairment could serve as a target population for early intervention trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A working group, the Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I), published SCD research criteria in the context of preclinical AD. To successfully apply them, a number of issues regarding assessment and implementation of SCD needed to be addressed. Methods: Members of the SCD-I met to identify and agree on topics relevant to SCD criteria operationalization in research settings. Initial ideas and recommendations were discussed with other SCD-I working group members and modified accordingly. Results: Topics included SCD inclusion and exclusion criteria, together with the informant's role in defining SCD presence and the impact of demographic factors. Discussion: Recommendations for the operationalization of SCD in differing research settings, with the aim of harmonization of SCD measurement across studies are propcised, to enhance comparability and generalizability across studies. (C) 2016 the Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2017

26. Implementation of subjective cognitive decline criteria in research studies

Author

Molinuevo, Jose L., Rabin, Laura A., Amariglio, Rebecca, Buckley, Rachel, Dubois, Bruno, Ellis, Kathryn A., Ewers, Michael, Hampel, Harald, Kloeppel, Stefan, Rami, Lorena, Reisberg, Barry, Saykin, Andrew J., Sikkes, Sietske, Smart, Colette M., Snitz, Beth E., Sperling, Reisa, van der Flier, Wiesje M., Wagner, Michael, Jessen, Frank, Molinuevo, Jose L., Rabin, Laura A., Amariglio, Rebecca, Buckley, Rachel, Dubois, Bruno, Ellis, Kathryn A., Ewers, Michael, Hampel, Harald, Kloeppel, Stefan, Rami, Lorena, Reisberg, Barry, Saykin, Andrew J., Sikkes, Sietske, Smart, Colette M., Snitz, Beth E., Sperling, Reisa, van der Flier, Wiesje M., Wagner, Michael, and Jessen, Frank

Abstract

Introduction: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) manifesting before clinical impairment could serve as a target population for early intervention trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A working group, the Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I), published SCD research criteria in the context of preclinical AD. To successfully apply them, a number of issues regarding assessment and implementation of SCD needed to be addressed. Methods: Members of the SCD-I met to identify and agree on topics relevant to SCD criteria operationalization in research settings. Initial ideas and recommendations were discussed with other SCD-I working group members and modified accordingly. Results: Topics included SCD inclusion and exclusion criteria, together with the informant's role in defining SCD presence and the impact of demographic factors. Discussion: Recommendations for the operationalization of SCD in differing research settings, with the aim of harmonization of SCD measurement across studies are propcised, to enhance comparability and generalizability across studies. (C) 2016 the Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2017

27. Subjective Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: An Overview of Self-Report Measures Used Across 19 International Research Studies

Author

Rabin, LA, Smart, CM, Crane, PK, Amariglio, RE, Berman, LM, Boada, M, Buckley, RF, Chételat, G, Dubois, B, Ellis, KA, Gifford, KA, Jefferson, AL, Jessen, F, Katz, MJ, Lipton, RB, Luck, T, Maruff, P, Mielke, MM, Molinuevo, JL, Naeem, F, Perrotin, A, Petersen, RC, Rami, L, Reisberg, B, Rentz, DM, Riedel-Heller, SG, Risacher, SL, Rodriguez, O, Sachdev, PS, Saykin, AJ, Slavin, MJ, Snitz, BE, Sperling, RA, Tandetnik, C, Van Der Flier, WM, Wagner, M, Wolfsgruber, S, Sikkes, SAM, Rabin, LA, Smart, CM, Crane, PK, Amariglio, RE, Berman, LM, Boada, M, Buckley, RF, Chételat, G, Dubois, B, Ellis, KA, Gifford, KA, Jefferson, AL, Jessen, F, Katz, MJ, Lipton, RB, Luck, T, Maruff, P, Mielke, MM, Molinuevo, JL, Naeem, F, Perrotin, A, Petersen, RC, Rami, L, Reisberg, B, Rentz, DM, Riedel-Heller, SG, Risacher, SL, Rodriguez, O, Sachdev, PS, Saykin, AJ, Slavin, MJ, Snitz, BE, Sperling, RA, Tandetnik, C, Van Der Flier, WM, Wagner, M, Wolfsgruber, S, and Sikkes, SAM

Abstract

Research increasingly suggests that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in older adults, in the absence of objective cognitive dysfunction or depression, may be a harbinger of non-normative cognitive decline and eventual progression to dementia. Little is known, however, about the key features of self-report measures currently used to assess SCD. The Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) Working Group is an international consortium established to develop a conceptual framework and research criteria for SCD (Jessen et al., 2014, Alzheimers Dement 10, 844-852). In the current study we systematically compared cognitive self-report items used by 19 SCD-I Working Group studies, representing 8 countries and 5 languages. We identified 34 self-report measures comprising 640 cognitive self-report items. There was little overlap among measures-approximately 75% of measures were used by only one study.Wide variation existed in response options and item content. Items pertaining to the memory domain predominated, accounting for about 60% of items surveyed, followed by executive function and attention, with 16% and 11% of the items, respectively. Items relating to memory for the names of people and the placement of common objects were represented on the greatest percentage of measures (56% each). Working group members reported that instrument selection decisions were often based on practical considerations beyond the study of SCD specifically, such as availability and brevity of measures. Results document the heterogeneity of approaches across studies to the emerging construct of SCD.We offer preliminary recommendations for instrument selection and future research directions including identifying items and measure formats associated with important clinical outcomes.

Published
2015

32. Subjective Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: An Overview of Self-Report Measures Used Across 19 International Research Studies

Author

Rabin, Laura A., Smart, Colette M., Crane, Paul K., Amariglio, Rebecca E., Berman, Lorin M., Boada, Merce, Buckley, Rachel F., Chetelat, Gael, Dubois, Bruno, Ellis, Kathryn A., Gifford, Katherine A., Jefferson, Angela L., Jessen, Frank, Katz, Mindy J., Lipton, Richard B., Luck, Tobias, Maruff, Paul, Mielke, Michelle M., Molinuevo, Jose Luis, Naeem, Farnia, Perrotin, Audrey, Petersen, Ronald C., Rami, Lorena, Reisberg, Barry, Rentz, Dorene M., Riedel-Heller, Steffi G., Risacher, Shannon L., Rodriguez, Octavio, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saykin, Andrew J., Slavin, Melissa J., Snitz, Beth E., Sperling, Reisa A., Tandetnik, Caroline, van der Flier, Wiesje M., Wagner, Michael, Wolfsgruber, Steffen, Sikkes, Sietske A. M., Rabin, Laura A., Smart, Colette M., Crane, Paul K., Amariglio, Rebecca E., Berman, Lorin M., Boada, Merce, Buckley, Rachel F., Chetelat, Gael, Dubois, Bruno, Ellis, Kathryn A., Gifford, Katherine A., Jefferson, Angela L., Jessen, Frank, Katz, Mindy J., Lipton, Richard B., Luck, Tobias, Maruff, Paul, Mielke, Michelle M., Molinuevo, Jose Luis, Naeem, Farnia, Perrotin, Audrey, Petersen, Ronald C., Rami, Lorena, Reisberg, Barry, Rentz, Dorene M., Riedel-Heller, Steffi G., Risacher, Shannon L., Rodriguez, Octavio, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saykin, Andrew J., Slavin, Melissa J., Snitz, Beth E., Sperling, Reisa A., Tandetnik, Caroline, van der Flier, Wiesje M., Wagner, Michael, Wolfsgruber, Steffen, and Sikkes, Sietske A. M.

Abstract

Research increasingly suggests that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in older adults, in the absence of objective cognitive dysfunction or depression, may be a harbinger of non-normative cognitive decline and eventual progression to dementia. Little is known, however, about the key features of self-report measures currently used to assess SCD. The Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) Working Group is an international consortium established to develop a conceptual framework and research criteria for SCD (Jessen et al., 2014, Alzheimers Dement 10, 844-852). In the current study we systematically compared cognitive self-report items used by 19 SCD-I Working Group studies, representing 8 countries and 5 languages. We identified 34 self-report measures comprising 640 cognitive self-report items. There was little overlap among measures-approximately 75% of measures were used by only one study. Wide variation existed in response options and item content. Items pertaining to the memory domain predominated, accounting for about 60% of items surveyed, followed by executive function and attention, with 16% and 11% of the items, respectively. Items relating to memory for the names of people and the placement of common objects were represented on the greatest percentage of measures (56% each). Working group members reported that instrument selection decisions were often based on practical considerations beyond the study of SCD specifically, such as availability and brevity of measures. Results document the heterogeneity of approaches across studies to the emerging construct of SCD. We offer preliminary recommendations for instrument selection and future research directions including identifying items and measure formats associated with important clinical outcomes.

Published
2015

33. Subjective Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: An Overview of Self-Report Measures Used Across 19 International Research Studies

Author

Rabin, Laura A., Smart, Colette M., Crane, Paul K., Amariglio, Rebecca E., Berman, Lorin M., Boada, Merce, Buckley, Rachel F., Chetelat, Gael, Dubois, Bruno, Ellis, Kathryn A., Gifford, Katherine A., Jefferson, Angela L., Jessen, Frank, Katz, Mindy J., Lipton, Richard B., Luck, Tobias, Maruff, Paul, Mielke, Michelle M., Molinuevo, Jose Luis, Naeem, Farnia, Perrotin, Audrey, Petersen, Ronald C., Rami, Lorena, Reisberg, Barry, Rentz, Dorene M., Riedel-Heller, Steffi G., Risacher, Shannon L., Rodriguez, Octavio, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saykin, Andrew J., Slavin, Melissa J., Snitz, Beth E., Sperling, Reisa A., Tandetnik, Caroline, van der Flier, Wiesje M., Wagner, Michael, Wolfsgruber, Steffen, Sikkes, Sietske A. M., Rabin, Laura A., Smart, Colette M., Crane, Paul K., Amariglio, Rebecca E., Berman, Lorin M., Boada, Merce, Buckley, Rachel F., Chetelat, Gael, Dubois, Bruno, Ellis, Kathryn A., Gifford, Katherine A., Jefferson, Angela L., Jessen, Frank, Katz, Mindy J., Lipton, Richard B., Luck, Tobias, Maruff, Paul, Mielke, Michelle M., Molinuevo, Jose Luis, Naeem, Farnia, Perrotin, Audrey, Petersen, Ronald C., Rami, Lorena, Reisberg, Barry, Rentz, Dorene M., Riedel-Heller, Steffi G., Risacher, Shannon L., Rodriguez, Octavio, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saykin, Andrew J., Slavin, Melissa J., Snitz, Beth E., Sperling, Reisa A., Tandetnik, Caroline, van der Flier, Wiesje M., Wagner, Michael, Wolfsgruber, Steffen, and Sikkes, Sietske A. M.

Abstract

Research increasingly suggests that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in older adults, in the absence of objective cognitive dysfunction or depression, may be a harbinger of non-normative cognitive decline and eventual progression to dementia. Little is known, however, about the key features of self-report measures currently used to assess SCD. The Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) Working Group is an international consortium established to develop a conceptual framework and research criteria for SCD (Jessen et al., 2014, Alzheimers Dement 10, 844-852). In the current study we systematically compared cognitive self-report items used by 19 SCD-I Working Group studies, representing 8 countries and 5 languages. We identified 34 self-report measures comprising 640 cognitive self-report items. There was little overlap among measures-approximately 75% of measures were used by only one study. Wide variation existed in response options and item content. Items pertaining to the memory domain predominated, accounting for about 60% of items surveyed, followed by executive function and attention, with 16% and 11% of the items, respectively. Items relating to memory for the names of people and the placement of common objects were represented on the greatest percentage of measures (56% each). Working group members reported that instrument selection decisions were often based on practical considerations beyond the study of SCD specifically, such as availability and brevity of measures. Results document the heterogeneity of approaches across studies to the emerging construct of SCD. We offer preliminary recommendations for instrument selection and future research directions including identifying items and measure formats associated with important clinical outcomes.

Published
2015

34. What is T+? A gordian knot of tracers, thresholds, and topographies

Author

Villemagne, Victor L., Lopresti, Brian J., Doré, Vincent, Tudorascu, Dana, Ikonomovic, Milos D., Burnham, Samantha, Minhas, Davneet, Pascoal, Tharick A., Mason, N. Scott, Snitz, Beth, Aizenstein, Howard, Mathis, Chester A., Lopez, Oscar, Rowe, Christopher C., Klunk, William E., Cohen, Ann D., Villemagne, Victor L., Lopresti, Brian J., Doré, Vincent, Tudorascu, Dana, Ikonomovic, Milos D., Burnham, Samantha, Minhas, Davneet, Pascoal, Tharick A., Mason, N. Scott, Snitz, Beth, Aizenstein, Howard, Mathis, Chester A., Lopez, Oscar, Rowe, Christopher C., Klunk, William E., and Cohen, Ann D.

Abstract

Villemagne, V. L., Lopresti, B. J., Doré, V., Tudorascu, D., Ikonomovic, M. D., Burnham, S., ... Cohen, A. D. (2021). What is T+? A gordian knot of tracers, thresholds, and topographies. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 62(5), 614-619. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.120.245423

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