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1. Combining individuating and context-general cues in lie detection

Author

Peebles, David, Peebles, David, Street, Chris, Peebles, David, Peebles, David, and Street, Chris

Abstract

To date, no account of lie-truth judgement formation has been capable of explaining how core cognitive mechanisms such as memory encoding and retrieval are employed to reach a judgement of either truth or lie. One account, the Adaptive Lie Detector theory (ALIED: Street, Bischof, Vadillo, & Kingstone, 2016) is sufficiently well defined that its assumptions may be implemented in a computational model. In this paper we describe our attempt to ground ALIED in the representations and mechanisms of the ACT-R cognitive architecture and then test the model by comparing it to human data from an experiment conducted by Street et al. (2016). The model provides a close fit to the human data and a plausible mechanistic account of how specific and general information are integrated in the formation of truth-lie judgements.

Published
2024

2. The heterogeneous processes of cheating:Attention evidence from two eye tracking experiments

Author

Fosgaard, Toke, Jacobsen, Catrine, Street, Chris, Fosgaard, Toke, Jacobsen, Catrine, and Street, Chris

Abstract

Dishonesty erodes society. Although much is known about dishonesty, the process leading up to the decision of whether to be honest or dishonest is often assumed to be homogenous and is not well understood. In this paper, we take a more nuanced approach and explore more closely the process of deciding whether to cheat or be honest when an opportunity to cheat arises. We do this in two laboratory eye tracking experiments. In our first experiment (n = 193), we identify heterogeneity in the decision to cheat. Some decisions on whether to cheat or be honest exhibit relatively little variation and appear to be oriented towards cheating (or honesty) with apparently little consideration of the alternative, whereas other decisions seem to be characterized by a higher degree of consideration for both decision alternatives. Our second experiment (n = 299) demonstrates that a gaze dependent intervention in the choices process is able to affect the behavioral outcomes.

Published
2021

3. The heterogeneous processes of cheating:Attention evidence from two eye tracking experiments

Author

Fosgaard, Toke, Jacobsen, Catrine, Street, Chris, Fosgaard, Toke, Jacobsen, Catrine, and Street, Chris

Abstract

Dishonesty erodes society. Although much is known about dishonesty, the process leading up to the decision of whether to be honest or dishonest is often assumed to be homogenous and is not well understood. In this paper, we take a more nuanced approach and explore more closely the process of deciding whether to cheat or be honest when an opportunity to cheat arises. We do this in two laboratory eye tracking experiments. In our first experiment (n = 193), we identify heterogeneity in the decision to cheat. Some decisions on whether to cheat or be honest exhibit relatively little variation and appear to be oriented towards cheating (or honesty) with apparently little consideration of the alternative, whereas other decisions seem to be characterized by a higher degree of consideration for both decision alternatives. Our second experiment (n = 299) demonstrates that a gaze dependent intervention in the choices process is able to affect the behavioral outcomes.

Published
2021

4. The Influence of Entrepreneurial Action on Strategic Alignment in New Ventures

Author

Street, Chris, Galupe, Brent, Baker, Jeff, Street, Chris, Galupe, Brent, and Baker, Jeff

Abstract

The alignment of IT strategy with business strategy has been among the top concerns of business leaders for several decades (Kappelman et al., 2014; Niederman et al., 1991). This interest from practitioners has stimulated researchers to produce a voluminous body of literature where definitions and dimensions of alignment have been proposed, measures and models have been developed, and antecedents and outcomes have been identified (Chan and Reich, 2007). Interest in alignment is driven by the reality that there are important organizational performance benefits for firms that achieve a high degree of alignment (Gerow et al., 2015). Our purpose in this paper is to examine the development of strategic alignment in the specific context of new ventures.

Published
2018

5. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

Author

Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.

Abstract

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relati

Published
2018

6. Many labs 2: Investigating variation in replicability across sample and setting

Author

Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.

Abstract

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relati

Published
2018
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7. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

Author

Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.

Abstract

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relati

Published
2018

8. Many labs 2:Investigating variation in replicability across samples and settings

Author

Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.

Abstract

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p <.05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p <.0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely highpowered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than.20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above.10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relative

Published
2018

13. Exploring the movement dynamics of deception.

Author

Duran, Nicholas D, Duran, Nicholas D, Dale, Rick, Kello, Christopher T, Street, Chris NH, Richardson, Daniel C, Duran, Nicholas D, Duran, Nicholas D, Dale, Rick, Kello, Christopher T, Street, Chris NH, and Richardson, Daniel C

Abstract

BOTH THE SCIENCE AND THE EVERYDAY PRACTICE OF DETECTING A LIE REST ON THE SAME ASSUMPTION: hidden cognitive states that the liar would like to remain hidden nevertheless influence observable behavior. This assumption has good evidence. The insights of professional interrogators, anecdotal evidence, and body language textbooks have all built up a sizeable catalog of non-verbal cues that have been claimed to distinguish deceptive and truthful behavior. Typically, these cues are discrete, individual behaviors-a hand touching a mouth, the rise of a brow-that distinguish lies from truths solely in terms of their frequency or duration. Research to date has failed to establish any of these non-verbal cues as a reliable marker of deception. Here we argue that perhaps this is because simple tallies of behavior can miss out on the rich but subtle organization of behavior as it unfolds over time. Research in cognitive science from a dynamical systems perspective has shown that behavior is structured across multiple timescales, with more or less regularity and structure. Using tools that are sensitive to these dynamics, we analyzed body motion data from an experiment that put participants in a realistic situation of choosing, or not, to lie to an experimenter. Our analyses indicate that when being deceptive, continuous fluctuations of movement in the upper face, and somewhat in the arms, are characterized by dynamical properties of less stability, but greater complexity. For the upper face, these distinctions are present despite no apparent differences in the overall amount of movement between deception and truth. We suggest that these unique dynamical signatures of motion are indicative of both the cognitive demands inherent to deception and the need to respond adaptively in a social context.

Published
2013

14. Exploring the movement dynamics of deception.

Author

Duran, Nicholas D, Duran, Nicholas D, Dale, Rick, Kello, Christopher T, Street, Chris NH, Richardson, Daniel C, Duran, Nicholas D, Duran, Nicholas D, Dale, Rick, Kello, Christopher T, Street, Chris NH, and Richardson, Daniel C

Abstract

BOTH THE SCIENCE AND THE EVERYDAY PRACTICE OF DETECTING A LIE REST ON THE SAME ASSUMPTION: hidden cognitive states that the liar would like to remain hidden nevertheless influence observable behavior. This assumption has good evidence. The insights of professional interrogators, anecdotal evidence, and body language textbooks have all built up a sizeable catalog of non-verbal cues that have been claimed to distinguish deceptive and truthful behavior. Typically, these cues are discrete, individual behaviors-a hand touching a mouth, the rise of a brow-that distinguish lies from truths solely in terms of their frequency or duration. Research to date has failed to establish any of these non-verbal cues as a reliable marker of deception. Here we argue that perhaps this is because simple tallies of behavior can miss out on the rich but subtle organization of behavior as it unfolds over time. Research in cognitive science from a dynamical systems perspective has shown that behavior is structured across multiple timescales, with more or less regularity and structure. Using tools that are sensitive to these dynamics, we analyzed body motion data from an experiment that put participants in a realistic situation of choosing, or not, to lie to an experimenter. Our analyses indicate that when being deceptive, continuous fluctuations of movement in the upper face, and somewhat in the arms, are characterized by dynamical properties of less stability, but greater complexity. For the upper face, these distinctions are present despite no apparent differences in the overall amount of movement between deception and truth. We suggest that these unique dynamical signatures of motion are indicative of both the cognitive demands inherent to deception and the need to respond adaptively in a social context.

Published
2013

15. The Bodily Movements of Liars

Author

Eapen, Natasha, Eapen, Natasha, Baron, Sam, Street, Chris, Richardson, Daniel, Eapen, Natasha, Eapen, Natasha, Baron, Sam, Street, Chris, and Richardson, Daniel

Published
2010

17. The Bodily Movements of Liars

Author

Eapen, Natasha, Eapen, Natasha, Baron, Sam, Street, Chris, Richardson, Daniel, Eapen, Natasha, Eapen, Natasha, Baron, Sam, Street, Chris, and Richardson, Daniel

Published
2010

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