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1. Pathogenic Yet Environmentally Friendly? Black Fungal Candidates for Bioremediation of Pollutants: Geomicrobiology Journal

Author

Blasi, B., Poyntner, C., Rudavsky, T., Prenafeta-Boldu, F. X., De Hoog, S., Tafer, H., Sterflinger, K., Blasi, B., Poyntner, C., Rudavsky, T., Prenafeta-Boldu, F. X., De Hoog, S., Tafer, H., and Sterflinger, K.

Abstract

A collection of 163 strains of black yeast-like fungi from the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center (Utrecht, The Netherlands), has been screened for the ability to grow on hexadecane, toluene and polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB126) as the sole carbon and energy source. These compounds were chosen as representatives of relevant environmental pollutants. A microtiter plate-based culture assay was set up in order to screen the fungal strains for growth on the selected xenobiotics versus glucose, as a positive control. Growth was observed in 25 strains on at least two of the tested substrates. Confirmation of substrate assimilation was performed by cultivation on closed vials and analysis of the headspace composition with regard to the added volatile substrates and the generated carbon dioxide. Exophiala mesophila (CBS 120910) and Cladophialophora immunda (CBS 110551), both of the order Chaetothyriales and isolated from a patient with chronic sinusitis and a polluted soil sample, respectively, showed the ability to grow on toluene as the sole carbon and energy source. Toluene assimilation has previously been described for C. immunda but this is the first account for E. mesophila. Also, this is the first time that the capacity to grow on alkylbenzenes has been demonstrated for a clinical isolate. Assimilation of toluene could not be demonstrated for the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudoallescheria boydii (CBS 115.59, Microascales), but the results from microtiter plate assays suggest that strains of this species are promising candidates for further studies. The outstanding abilities of black yeast-like fungi to thrive in extreme environments makes them ideal agents for the bioremediation of polluted soils, and for the treatment of contaminated gas streams in biofilters. However, interrelations between hydrocarbonoclastic and potentially pathogenic strains need to be elucidated in order to avoid the possibility of biohazards occurring.

Published
2016

2. Pathogenic Yet Environmentally Friendly? Black Fungal Candidates for Bioremediation of Pollutants: Geomicrobiology Journal

Author

Blasi, B., Poyntner, C., Rudavsky, T., Prenafeta-Boldu, F. X., De Hoog, S., Tafer, H., Sterflinger, K., Blasi, B., Poyntner, C., Rudavsky, T., Prenafeta-Boldu, F. X., De Hoog, S., Tafer, H., and Sterflinger, K.

Abstract

A collection of 163 strains of black yeast-like fungi from the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center (Utrecht, The Netherlands), has been screened for the ability to grow on hexadecane, toluene and polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB126) as the sole carbon and energy source. These compounds were chosen as representatives of relevant environmental pollutants. A microtiter plate-based culture assay was set up in order to screen the fungal strains for growth on the selected xenobiotics versus glucose, as a positive control. Growth was observed in 25 strains on at least two of the tested substrates. Confirmation of substrate assimilation was performed by cultivation on closed vials and analysis of the headspace composition with regard to the added volatile substrates and the generated carbon dioxide. Exophiala mesophila (CBS 120910) and Cladophialophora immunda (CBS 110551), both of the order Chaetothyriales and isolated from a patient with chronic sinusitis and a polluted soil sample, respectively, showed the ability to grow on toluene as the sole carbon and energy source. Toluene assimilation has previously been described for C. immunda but this is the first account for E. mesophila. Also, this is the first time that the capacity to grow on alkylbenzenes has been demonstrated for a clinical isolate. Assimilation of toluene could not be demonstrated for the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudoallescheria boydii (CBS 115.59, Microascales), but the results from microtiter plate assays suggest that strains of this species are promising candidates for further studies. The outstanding abilities of black yeast-like fungi to thrive in extreme environments makes them ideal agents for the bioremediation of polluted soils, and for the treatment of contaminated gas streams in biofilters. However, interrelations between hydrocarbonoclastic and potentially pathogenic strains need to be elucidated in order to avoid the possibility of biohazards occurring.

Published
2016

3. Analyses of pig genomes provide insight into porcine demography and evolution

Author

Groenen, M. A., Archibald, A. L., Uenishi, H., Tuggle, C. K., Takeuchi, Y., Rothschild, M. F., Rogel-Gaillard, C., Park, C., Milan, D., Megens, H. J., Li, S., Larkin, D. M., Kim, H., Frantz, L. A., Caccamo, M., Ahn, H., Aken, B. L., Anselmo, A., Anthon, C., Auvil, L., Badaoui, B., Beattie, C. W., Bendixen, C., Berman, D., Blecha, F., Blomberg, Jonas, Bolund, L., Bosse, M., Botti, S., Bujie, Z., Byström, M., Capitanu, B., Carvalho-Silva, D., Chardon, P., Chen, C., Cheng, R., Choi, S. H., Chow, W., Clark, R. C., Clee, C., Crooijmans, R. P., Dawson, H. D., Dehais, P., De Sapio, F., Dibbits, B., Drou, N., Du, Z. Q., Eversole, K., Fadista, J., Fairley, S., Faraut, T., Faulkner, G. J., Fowler, K. E., Fredholm, M., Fritz, E., Gilbert, J. G., Giuffra, E., Gorodkin, J., Griffin, D. K., Harrow, J. L., Hayward, Alexander, Howe, K., Hu, Z. L., Humphray, S. J., Hunt, T., Hornshoj, H., Jeon, J. T., Jern, Patric, Jones, M., Jurka, J., Kanamori, H., Kapetanovic, R., Kim, J., Kim, J. H., Kim, K. W., Kim, T. H., Larson, G., Lee, K., Lee, K. T., Leggett, R., Lewin, H. A., Li, Y., Liu, W., Loveland, J. E., Lu, Y., Lunney, J. K., Ma, J., Madsen, O., Mann, K., Matthews, L., McLaren, S., Morozumi, T., Murtaugh, M. P., Narayan, J., Nguyen, D. T., Ni, P., Oh, S. J., Onteru, S., Panitz, F., Park, E. W., Park, H. S., Pascal, G., Paudel, Y., Perez-Enciso, M., Ramirez-Gonzalez, R., Reecy, J. M., Rodriguez-Zas, S., Rohrer, G. A., Rund, L., Sang, Y., Schachtschneider, K., Schraiber, J. G., Schwartz, J., Scobie, L., Scott, C., Searle, S., Servin, B., Southey, B. R., Sperber, Göran, Stadler, P., Sweedler, J. V., Tafer, H., Thomsen, B., Wali, R., Wang, J., White, S., Xu, X., Yerle, M., Zhang, G., Zhang, J., Zhao, S., Rogers, J., Churcher, C., Schook, L. B., Groenen, M. A., Archibald, A. L., Uenishi, H., Tuggle, C. K., Takeuchi, Y., Rothschild, M. F., Rogel-Gaillard, C., Park, C., Milan, D., Megens, H. J., Li, S., Larkin, D. M., Kim, H., Frantz, L. A., Caccamo, M., Ahn, H., Aken, B. L., Anselmo, A., Anthon, C., Auvil, L., Badaoui, B., Beattie, C. W., Bendixen, C., Berman, D., Blecha, F., Blomberg, Jonas, Bolund, L., Bosse, M., Botti, S., Bujie, Z., Byström, M., Capitanu, B., Carvalho-Silva, D., Chardon, P., Chen, C., Cheng, R., Choi, S. H., Chow, W., Clark, R. C., Clee, C., Crooijmans, R. P., Dawson, H. D., Dehais, P., De Sapio, F., Dibbits, B., Drou, N., Du, Z. Q., Eversole, K., Fadista, J., Fairley, S., Faraut, T., Faulkner, G. J., Fowler, K. E., Fredholm, M., Fritz, E., Gilbert, J. G., Giuffra, E., Gorodkin, J., Griffin, D. K., Harrow, J. L., Hayward, Alexander, Howe, K., Hu, Z. L., Humphray, S. J., Hunt, T., Hornshoj, H., Jeon, J. T., Jern, Patric, Jones, M., Jurka, J., Kanamori, H., Kapetanovic, R., Kim, J., Kim, J. H., Kim, K. W., Kim, T. H., Larson, G., Lee, K., Lee, K. T., Leggett, R., Lewin, H. A., Li, Y., Liu, W., Loveland, J. E., Lu, Y., Lunney, J. K., Ma, J., Madsen, O., Mann, K., Matthews, L., McLaren, S., Morozumi, T., Murtaugh, M. P., Narayan, J., Nguyen, D. T., Ni, P., Oh, S. J., Onteru, S., Panitz, F., Park, E. W., Park, H. S., Pascal, G., Paudel, Y., Perez-Enciso, M., Ramirez-Gonzalez, R., Reecy, J. M., Rodriguez-Zas, S., Rohrer, G. A., Rund, L., Sang, Y., Schachtschneider, K., Schraiber, J. G., Schwartz, J., Scobie, L., Scott, C., Searle, S., Servin, B., Southey, B. R., Sperber, Göran, Stadler, P., Sweedler, J. V., Tafer, H., Thomsen, B., Wali, R., Wang, J., White, S., Xu, X., Yerle, M., Zhang, G., Zhang, J., Zhao, S., Rogers, J., Churcher, C., and Schook, L. B.

Abstract

For 10,000 years pigs and humans have shared a close and complex relationship. From domestication to modern breeding practices, humans have shaped the genomes of domestic pigs. Here we present the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig (Sus scrofa) and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. Wild pigs emerged in South East Asia and subsequently spread across Eurasia. Our results reveal a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars approximately 1 million years ago, and a selective sweep analysis indicates selection on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction exhibit fast evolution. Pigs have the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes, reflecting the importance of smell in this scavenging animal. The pig genome sequence provides an important resource for further improvements of this important livestock species, and our identification of many putative disease-causing variants extends the potential of the pig as a biomedical model.

Published
2012
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4. Analyses of pig genomes provide insight into porcine demography and evolution

Author

Groenen, MAM, Archibald, AL, Uenishi, H, Tuggle, CK, Takeuchi, Y, Rothschild, MF, Rogel-Gaillard, C, Park, C, Milan, D, Megens, H-J, Li, S, Larkin, DM, Kim, H, Frantz, LAF, Caccamo, M, Ahn, H, Aken, BL, Anselmo, A, Anthon, C, Auvil, L, Badaoui, B, Beattie, CW, Bendixen, C, Berman, D, Blecha, F, Blomberg, J, Bolund, L, Bosse, M, Botti, S, Zhan, B, Bystrom, M, Capitanu, B, Carvalho-Silva, D, Chardon, P, Chen, C, Cheng, R, Choi, S-H, Chow, W, Clark, RC, Clee, C, Crooijmans, RPMA, Dawson, HD, Dehais, P, De Sapio, F, Dibbits, B, Drou, N, Du, Z-Q, Eversole, K, Fadista, J, Fairley, S, Faraut, T, Faulkner, GJ, Fowler, KE, Fredholm, M, Fritz, E, Gilbert, JGR, Giuffra, E, Gorodkin, J, Griffin, DK, Harrow, JL, Hayward, A, Howe, K, Hu, Z-L, Humphray, SJ, Hunt, T, Hornshoj, H, Jeon, J-T, Jern, P, Jones, M, Jurka, J, Kanamori, H, Kapetanovic, R, Kim, J, Kim, J-H, Kim, K-W, Kim, T-H, Larson, G, Lee, K, Lee, K-T, Leggett, R, Lewin, HA, Li, Y, Liu, W, Loveland, JE, Lu, Y, Lunney, JK, Ma, J, Madsen, O, Mann, K, Matthews, L, McLaren, S, Morozumi, T, Murtaugh, MP, Narayan, J, Dinh, TN, Ni, P, Oh, S-J, Onteru, S, Panitz, F, Park, E-W, Park, H-S, Pascal, G, Paudel, Y, Perez-Enciso, M, Ramirez-Gonzalez, R, Reecy, JM, Rodriguez-Zas, S, Rohrer, GA, Rund, L, Sang, Y, Schachtschneider, K, Schraiber, JG, Schwartz, J, Scobie, L, Scott, C, Searle, S, Servin, B, Southey, BR, Sperber, G, Stadler, P, Sweedler, JV, Tafer, H, Thomsen, B, Wali, R, Wang, J, White, S, Xu, X, Yerle, M, Zhang, G, Zhang, J, Zhao, S, Rogers, J, Churcher, C, Schook, LB, Groenen, MAM, Archibald, AL, Uenishi, H, Tuggle, CK, Takeuchi, Y, Rothschild, MF, Rogel-Gaillard, C, Park, C, Milan, D, Megens, H-J, Li, S, Larkin, DM, Kim, H, Frantz, LAF, Caccamo, M, Ahn, H, Aken, BL, Anselmo, A, Anthon, C, Auvil, L, Badaoui, B, Beattie, CW, Bendixen, C, Berman, D, Blecha, F, Blomberg, J, Bolund, L, Bosse, M, Botti, S, Zhan, B, Bystrom, M, Capitanu, B, Carvalho-Silva, D, Chardon, P, Chen, C, Cheng, R, Choi, S-H, Chow, W, Clark, RC, Clee, C, Crooijmans, RPMA, Dawson, HD, Dehais, P, De Sapio, F, Dibbits, B, Drou, N, Du, Z-Q, Eversole, K, Fadista, J, Fairley, S, Faraut, T, Faulkner, GJ, Fowler, KE, Fredholm, M, Fritz, E, Gilbert, JGR, Giuffra, E, Gorodkin, J, Griffin, DK, Harrow, JL, Hayward, A, Howe, K, Hu, Z-L, Humphray, SJ, Hunt, T, Hornshoj, H, Jeon, J-T, Jern, P, Jones, M, Jurka, J, Kanamori, H, Kapetanovic, R, Kim, J, Kim, J-H, Kim, K-W, Kim, T-H, Larson, G, Lee, K, Lee, K-T, Leggett, R, Lewin, HA, Li, Y, Liu, W, Loveland, JE, Lu, Y, Lunney, JK, Ma, J, Madsen, O, Mann, K, Matthews, L, McLaren, S, Morozumi, T, Murtaugh, MP, Narayan, J, Dinh, TN, Ni, P, Oh, S-J, Onteru, S, Panitz, F, Park, E-W, Park, H-S, Pascal, G, Paudel, Y, Perez-Enciso, M, Ramirez-Gonzalez, R, Reecy, JM, Rodriguez-Zas, S, Rohrer, GA, Rund, L, Sang, Y, Schachtschneider, K, Schraiber, JG, Schwartz, J, Scobie, L, Scott, C, Searle, S, Servin, B, Southey, BR, Sperber, G, Stadler, P, Sweedler, JV, Tafer, H, Thomsen, B, Wali, R, Wang, J, White, S, Xu, X, Yerle, M, Zhang, G, Zhang, J, Zhao, S, Rogers, J, Churcher, C, and Schook, LB

Abstract

For 10,000 years pigs and humans have shared a close and complex relationship. From domestication to modern breeding practices, humans have shaped the genomes of domestic pigs. Here we present the assembly and analysis of the genome sequence of a female domestic Duroc pig (Sus scrofa) and a comparison with the genomes of wild and domestic pigs from Europe and Asia. Wild pigs emerged in South East Asia and subsequently spread across Eurasia. Our results reveal a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars ∼1 million years ago, and a selective sweep analysis indicates selection on genes involved in RNA processing and regulation. Genes associated with immune response and olfaction exhibit fast evolution. Pigs have the largest repertoire of functional olfactory receptor genes, reflecting the importance of smell in this scavenging animal. The pig genome sequence provides an important resource for further improvements of this important livestock species, and our identification of many putative disease-causing variants extends the potential of the pig as a biomedical model.

Published
2012

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