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BACKGROUND: An ENDO-European Reference Network (ERN) initiative was launched that was endorsed by the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and the European Society for Endocrinology with 22 participants from the ENDO-ERN and the two societies. The aim was to update the practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). A systematic literature search was conducted to identify key articles on neonatal screening, diagnosis, and management of primary and central CH. The evidence-based guidelines were graded with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system, describing both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. In the absence of sufficient evidence, conclusions were based on expert opinion. SUMMARY: The recommendations include the various neonatal screening approaches for CH as well as the etiology (also genetics), diagnostics, treatment, and prognosis of both primary and central CH. When CH is diagnosed, the expert panel recommends the immediate start of correctly dosed levothyroxine treatment and frequent follow-up including laboratory testing to keep thyroid hormone levels in their target ranges, timely assessment of the need to continue treatment, attention for neurodevelopment and neurosensory functions, and, if necessary, consulting other health professionals, and education of the child and family about CH. Harmonization of diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up will optimize patient outcomes. Lastly, all individuals with CH are entitled to a well-planned transition of care from pediatrics to adult medicine. CONCLUSIONS: This consensus guidelines update should be used to further optimize detection, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of children with all forms of CH in the light of the most recent evidence. It should be helpful in convincing health authorities of the benefits of neonatal screening for CH. Further epidemiological and experimental studies are needed to

Background: An ENDO-European Reference Network (ERN) initiative was launched that was endorsed by the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and the European Society for Endocrinology with 22 participants from the ENDO-ERN and the two societies. The aim was to update the practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). A systematic literature search was conducted to identify key articles on neonatal screening, diagnosis, and management of primary and central CH. The evidence-based guidelines were graded with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system, describing both the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. In the absence of sufficient evidence, conclusions were based on expert opinion. Summary: The recommendations include the various neonatal screening approaches for CH as well as the etiology (also genetics), diagnostics, treatment, and prognosis of both primary and central CH. When CH is diagnosed, the expert panel recommends the immediate start of correctly dosed levothyroxine treatment and frequent follow-up including laboratory testing to keep thyroid hormone levels in their target ranges, timely assessment of the need to continue treatment, attention for neurodevelopment and neurosensory functions, and, if necessary, consulting other health professionals, and education of the child and family about CH. Harmonization of diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up will optimize patient outcomes. Lastly, all individuals with CH are entitled to a well-planned transition of care from pediatrics to adult medicine. Conclusions: This consensus guidelines update should be used to further optimize detection, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of children with all forms of CH in the light of the most recent evidence. It should be helpful in convincing health authorities of the benefits of neonatal screening for CH. Further epidemiological and experimental studies are needed to, SCOPUS: re.j, DecretOANoAutActif, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Introduction Aberrant thyroid is a mass of tissue having the structure of a normal or pathological thyroid gland and situated at some definite distance from normal thyroid, with which it has no connection. The prevalance of ectopic thyroid is 1 case per 100,000- 300,000 persons1 and the incidence of aberrant thyroid in parapharyngeal space is even rarer. Materials and Methods A rare case of aberrant thyroid in parapharyngeal space is reported, which presented as oropharyngeal mass and dysphagia. She also had   thyroid gland in the usual position. Result She was managed surgically with transcervical approach and was euthyroid postoperatively. Conclusion Aberrant thyroid should be one of the differential diagnoses for parapharyngeal space masses.

Introduction Aberrant thyroid is a mass of tissue having the structure of a normal or pathological thyroid gland and situated at some definite distance from normal thyroid, with which it has no connection. The prevalance of ectopic thyroid is 1 case per 100,000- 300,000 persons1 and the incidence of aberrant thyroid in parapharyngeal space is even rarer. Materials and Methods A rare case of aberrant thyroid in parapharyngeal space is reported, which presented as oropharyngeal mass and dysphagia. She also had   thyroid gland in the usual position. Result She was managed surgically with transcervical approach and was euthyroid postoperatively. Conclusion Aberrant thyroid should be one of the differential diagnoses for parapharyngeal space masses.

Introduction Aberrant thyroid is a mass of tissue having the structure of a normal or pathological thyroid gland and situated at some definite distance from normal thyroid, with which it has no connection. The prevalance of ectopic thyroid is 1 case per 100,000- 300,000 persons1 and the incidence of aberrant thyroid in parapharyngeal space is even rarer. Materials and Methods A rare case of aberrant thyroid in parapharyngeal space is reported, which presented as oropharyngeal mass and dysphagia. She also had   thyroid gland in the usual position. Result She was managed surgically with transcervical approach and was euthyroid postoperatively. Conclusion Aberrant thyroid should be one of the differential diagnoses for parapharyngeal space masses.

Introduction Ectopic thyroid is a  rare  congenital  condition.  Dual ectopic  thyroid  is  rarer still with  only  30  cases  reported  in  literature.  The  most  common  location  is  the  lingual  or  sublingual  region  followed  by  the  hyoid  region.  Instances  of  dual  ectopic  thyroid  with  one  in  lingual  region  and  the  other  in  mediastinum  are very few. Case  Report A  case  of  dual  ectopic  thyroid is presented with  absent  normal  thyroid  in  a  girl  of  14  years  who  presented  with  difficulty  in  swallowing  and  lump  sensation  in  throat.  Ultrasound,  MRI  scan  and  Technetium  99m  pertechnetate  thyroid  scan  were  done.  She  showed  lingual  thyroid  and  thyroid  tissue  in  upper  mediastinum  and  no  thyroid  tissue  in  the  normal  anatomical  location.  Discussion The  discovery  of  mediastinal  ectopic  thyroid  was  incidental.  She  had  subclinical  hypothyroidism  and  was  treated  with  thyroxine  replacement  therapy.

Introduction Ectopic thyroid is a  rare  congenital  condition.  Dual ectopic  thyroid  is  rarer still with  only  30  cases  reported  in  literature.  The  most  common  location  is  the  lingual  or  sublingual  region  followed  by  the  hyoid  region.  Instances  of  dual  ectopic  thyroid  with  one  in  lingual  region  and  the  other  in  mediastinum  are very few. Case  Report A  case  of  dual  ectopic  thyroid is presented with  absent  normal  thyroid  in  a  girl  of  14  years  who  presented  with  difficulty  in  swallowing  and  lump  sensation  in  throat.  Ultrasound,  MRI  scan  and  Technetium  99m  pertechnetate  thyroid  scan  were  done.  She  showed  lingual  thyroid  and  thyroid  tissue  in  upper  mediastinum  and  no  thyroid  tissue  in  the  normal  anatomical  location.  Discussion The  discovery  of  mediastinal  ectopic  thyroid  was  incidental.  She  had  subclinical  hypothyroidism  and  was  treated  with  thyroxine  replacement  therapy.

Introduction Ectopic thyroid is a  rare  congenital  condition.  Dual ectopic  thyroid  is  rarer still with  only  30  cases  reported  in  literature.  The  most  common  location  is  the  lingual  or  sublingual  region  followed  by  the  hyoid  region.  Instances  of  dual  ectopic  thyroid  with  one  in  lingual  region  and  the  other  in  mediastinum  are very few. Case  Report A  case  of  dual  ectopic  thyroid is presented with  absent  normal  thyroid  in  a  girl  of  14  years  who  presented  with  difficulty  in  swallowing  and  lump  sensation  in  throat.  Ultrasound,  MRI  scan  and  Technetium  99m  pertechnetate  thyroid  scan  were  done.  She  showed  lingual  thyroid  and  thyroid  tissue  in  upper  mediastinum  and  no  thyroid  tissue  in  the  normal  anatomical  location.  Discussion The  discovery  of  mediastinal  ectopic  thyroid  was  incidental.  She  had  subclinical  hypothyroidism  and  was  treated  with  thyroxine  replacement  therapy.